EP1244901A1 - Viscosimetre et procede de mesure de viscosite - Google Patents
Viscosimetre et procede de mesure de viscositeInfo
- Publication number
- EP1244901A1 EP1244901A1 EP00985437A EP00985437A EP1244901A1 EP 1244901 A1 EP1244901 A1 EP 1244901A1 EP 00985437 A EP00985437 A EP 00985437A EP 00985437 A EP00985437 A EP 00985437A EP 1244901 A1 EP1244901 A1 EP 1244901A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- drop
- viscosity
- fluid
- viscosimeter
- sample
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005314 correlation function Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 206010001497 Agitation Diseases 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005339 levitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012417 linear regression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003534 oscillatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
- G01N11/10—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material
- G01N11/16—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material by measuring damping effect upon oscillatory body
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
- G01N11/10—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material
- G01N11/14—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material by using rotary bodies, e.g. vane
- G01N2011/147—Magnetic coupling
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N13/00—Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
- G01N13/02—Investigating surface tension of liquids
- G01N2013/0241—Investigating surface tension of liquids bubble, pendant drop, sessile drop methods
- G01N2013/0258—Oscillating drop methods
Definitions
- the invention relates to a viscometer and a method for measuring the viscosity of a fluid and its sensitivity to the shear rate.
- Viscosimeters and viscosity measurement methods are of various kinds. Several of them are based on the displacement of a ball or other solid body in the fluid to be measured, others consist in measuring the speed of deformation of a test piece of the fluid, suspended or subjected to a load constant.
- the field of the invention is however relaxation viscosimetry, where the fluid, formed in a drop by the capillary forces, is temporarily crushed before being left free to resume its initial shape; viscosity is calculated from the speed of this fluid relaxation phenomenon.
- This viscosimetry method has notable advantages: the measurement is rapid and relates only to small quantities of the fluid, which makes it very advantageous for experimental products whose manufacture is expensive or difficult; it is applicable to very different viscosities; finally it does not impose contact between the fluid and parts of the viscometer, since the latter is of the gas viscometer type, where a gas flow is blown through a lower plate, shaped in a cup, on which the drop is placed and an upper plate used to crush the drop: the pressure of the gas keeps the fluid away from the plates, so that no chemical interaction is produced with them, no more than a germination of crystals, if the fluid is two-phase.
- the lower plate is shaped in the form of a cup but can take various forms.
- the invention can be applied to non-Newtonian fluids, for which the viscosity coefficient varies as a function of the shear rate of the fluid.
- the viscosity of Newtonian fluids can be obtained directly by a correlation calculated on the time function according to which the drop is reformed, but this is not possible with non Newtonian fluids because the shear rate of a drop decreases when the drop returns to its shape: the viscosity of such fluids varies during the test.
- the invention constitutes a solution to this problem, by virtue of a viscosity measurement method carried out on a drop of fluid crushed then allowed to reform, comprising successive measurements of the height of the drop as a function of time while it is reforming, a calculation of characteristic relaxation time as a function of the height measurements, according to a correlation function, then a viscosity calculation. Said characteristic relaxation and viscosity time calculations are carried out on different portions of the measurements according to respective correlation functions, and a shear rate. drop is also obtained for each of said portions of the measurements.
- the method for measuring viscosity and the apparent shear rate is characterized in that it comprises the following steps: imposing a stress on the drop of fluid to deform it;
- geometric dimensions of the drop is meant the different diameters of the drop.
- the height of the drop is measured (diameter deformed along the axisymmetric axis).
- a viscometer comprising an upper plate and a lower plate opposite and mutually movable in vertical direction, the lower plate being for example in the form of a cup, characterized in that that it includes a generator, a magnetic field whose amplitude can be modulated in a volume between the plates.
- This generator can consist of an electromagnetic winding and a retractable screen located between the volume and the winding.
- Figure 1 is a general view of the viscometer used
- Figure 2 is a process diagram
- Figure 3 is a measurement curve.
- the test is carried out in an insulated enclosure 1 and pierced with portholes such as 2 and 3 in order to follow the progress of the test by means of a camera 4 and a pyrometer 5 in particular.
- the fluid sample A to be measured is placed on a lower plate 7 whose upper face 10 is concave and cup-shaped; an upper plate 8 is opposite to the previous one in the vertical direction.
- a pneumatic cylinder 9 and an elevator 6 with stepping motor and Archimedes screw respectively move the upper plate 8 and the lower plate 7 in the vertical direction, quickly for the first and slowly for the second.
- gas is blown through the upper face 10 of the lower plate 7 and the lower face 11 of the upper plate 8; these faces are porous and located in front of respective chambers 12 and 13 in which the gas is first blown under pressure by conduits 14 and 15 leading out of the enclosure 1.
- a sufficient pressure of the gas is reached in the chambers 12 and 13, it crosses the porous faces 10 and 11, forming in front of them a gaseous layer at a dynamic pressure sufficient to support the sample A which prevents any contact with plates 7 and 8.
- the principle of confinement with lift by a layer of gas is set out in French patent 2,509,637, and French patent 2,756,924 illustrates a viscosimeter in which this principle is applied and of which it constitutes an improvement.
- the anterior viscometer conforms to the above description, and it further comprises a heating device used to bring the sample to the desired temperature.
- the present viscometer is distinguished first of all by the mandatory inclusion of a generator of a magnetic field in the volume encompassed by the coil 16, which includes the plates 7 and 8 as well as the sample A.
- a coil 16 formed of a conductive winding and subjected to an alternating potential difference with the lower plate 7 by means of a power supply 17, and which therefore also serves for the induction heating of the sample A.
- a magnetic field generator separate from a heating means, could also be used.
- a cylindrical graphite screen 18 separates the plates 7 and 8 from the coil 16, but it can be lifted by a pneumatic cylinder 20.
- the sample A is subjected to the magnetic field of the coil 16 or isolated from this field depending on whether the screen 18, impermeable to magnetism, is retracted (raised) or present (lowered), which is used for the measurements as indicated below: the coil 16 is therefore not just a heating agent.
- the camera 4 records the evolution of the shape of the sample A and makes it possible to measure the speed at which the drop is reformed, and in particular the height H (t) of its vertex at all times t. It is a phenomenon of oscillatory nature, aperiodic except for very low viscosity fluids, which can be characterized by a relaxation time ⁇ itself a function of the viscosity coefficient ⁇ . In the case of a Newtonian fluid, an aperiodic relaxation can be expressed by the
- Hi_ ! , Hi and Hi + i are the peak heights measured at times t ⁇ _ ⁇ , ti and t i + ⁇ , while assuming that the relaxation function can locally be expressed
- bi (t) hj.1 - or the coefficient Xi is the characteristic relaxation time at this instant.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9916020 | 1999-12-17 | ||
FR9916020A FR2802642B1 (fr) | 1999-12-17 | 1999-12-17 | Viscosimetre et procede de mesure de viscosite |
PCT/FR2000/003522 WO2001044785A1 (fr) | 1999-12-17 | 2000-12-14 | Viscosimetre et procede de mesure de viscosite |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1244901A1 true EP1244901A1 (fr) | 2002-10-02 |
Family
ID=9553444
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00985437A Withdrawn EP1244901A1 (fr) | 1999-12-17 | 2000-12-14 | Viscosimetre et procede de mesure de viscosite |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6988392B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1244901A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2802642B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2001044785A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10260981A1 (de) * | 2002-12-21 | 2004-07-01 | Thermo Electron (Karlsruhe) Gmbh | Rheometer |
DE10350554A1 (de) * | 2003-10-29 | 2005-06-02 | Thermo Electron (Karlsruhe) Gmbh | Rheometer |
EP2297566A4 (fr) * | 2008-06-04 | 2017-10-11 | Perten Instruments Inc | Procédé et appareil de mesure des propriétés visqueuses et élastiques d'une substance contenant au gluten |
TW201031905A (en) * | 2009-02-17 | 2010-09-01 | Prec Machinery Res Dev Ct | Measuring device of surface adhesion force |
TWI810607B (zh) * | 2021-07-13 | 2023-08-01 | 臺灣塑膠工業股份有限公司 | 黏度量測裝置及黏度量測方法 |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2149847A (en) * | 1937-07-15 | 1939-03-07 | Kolin Alexander | Apparatus for measuring fluid flow |
BE672822A (fr) * | 1965-11-25 | 1966-05-25 | ||
USH93H (en) * | 1985-09-23 | 1986-07-01 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Elongational rheometer |
SE453018B (sv) * | 1986-02-13 | 1988-01-04 | Skega Ab | Forfarande och apparat for bestemning av basverden ur ett materialprov for analys av materialets vulkkarakteristik |
US5040410A (en) * | 1989-11-13 | 1991-08-20 | The Research Foundation Of State University Of New York | Rheometer |
US5177997A (en) * | 1991-09-16 | 1993-01-12 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Dynamic test apparatus for electro-rheological fluids |
US5277058A (en) * | 1992-11-23 | 1994-01-11 | Kalyon Dilhan M | Adjustable gap rheometer |
US5629209A (en) * | 1995-10-19 | 1997-05-13 | Braun, Sr.; Walter J. | Method and apparatus for detecting viscosity changes in fluids |
FR2756924B1 (fr) * | 1996-12-11 | 1999-01-08 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Viscosimetre et procede de mesure sans contact de la viscosite de masses fluides |
DE19745807C2 (de) * | 1997-10-16 | 2001-05-03 | Andreas Bausch | Magnetkugel-Mikrorheometer |
GB2337822B (en) * | 1998-05-26 | 2002-04-24 | Univ Sheffield | Material characterisation |
US6231646B1 (en) * | 1999-03-11 | 2001-05-15 | Chemco Manufacturing Company, Inc. | Paint overspray exhaust air filter |
-
1999
- 1999-12-17 FR FR9916020A patent/FR2802642B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-12-14 EP EP00985437A patent/EP1244901A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-12-14 WO PCT/FR2000/003522 patent/WO2001044785A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2000-12-14 US US10/148,381 patent/US6988392B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO0144785A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20020178796A1 (en) | 2002-12-05 |
FR2802642B1 (fr) | 2002-01-18 |
US6988392B2 (en) | 2006-01-24 |
WO2001044785A1 (fr) | 2001-06-21 |
FR2802642A1 (fr) | 2001-06-22 |
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Legal Events
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Effective date: 20020528 |
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RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: BANCILLON, JACKY Inventor name: DANIEL, MICHEL Inventor name: BARBE, JEAN-CHARLES |
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RBV | Designated contracting states (corrected) |
Designated state(s): DE GB IT SE |
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17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20060727 |
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Owner name: COMMISSARIAT A L'ENERGIE ATOMIQUE |
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Effective date: 20080618 |