EP1237773A1 - Device for the radial control of a rail vehicle - Google Patents

Device for the radial control of a rail vehicle

Info

Publication number
EP1237773A1
EP1237773A1 EP00993173A EP00993173A EP1237773A1 EP 1237773 A1 EP1237773 A1 EP 1237773A1 EP 00993173 A EP00993173 A EP 00993173A EP 00993173 A EP00993173 A EP 00993173A EP 1237773 A1 EP1237773 A1 EP 1237773A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wheelset
wheel set
control
vehicle
bogie
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP00993173A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1237773B1 (en
Inventor
Lutz Schwendt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Daimler AG
Original Assignee
DaimlerChrysler AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by DaimlerChrysler AG filed Critical DaimlerChrysler AG
Publication of EP1237773A1 publication Critical patent/EP1237773A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1237773B1 publication Critical patent/EP1237773B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61RAILWAYS
    • B61FRAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/38Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self- adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves, e.g. sliding axles, swinging axles
    • B61F5/386Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self- adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves, e.g. sliding axles, swinging axles fluid actuated

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
  • Handcart (AREA)
  • Magnetic Bearings And Hydrostatic Bearings (AREA)
  • Platform Screen Doors And Railroad Systems (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for the radial control of a rail vehicle. According to the invention, at least one wheel set ( 1 ) is mounted in a bogie or chassis and the ends of said wheel set(s) can be adjusted in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, using actuating devices ( 12, 19, 21, 26 ). The ends of the wheel set are adjusted in a longitudinal direction by a foldable wheel-set driving rod ( 8/9, 15/16 ), the actuating device engaging with the joint ( 11, 18 ) of said foldable wheel-set driving rod.

Description

V orπchtung zur Radiaisteuerung eines Schienenfahrzeuges Device for radio control of a rail vehicle
Beschreibungdescription
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Vorrichtung zur Radiaisteuerung eines Schienenfahrzeuges gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1The invention relates to a device for radio control of a rail vehicle according to the preamble of claim 1
Bei Drehgestellen mit Radiaisteuerung müssen die Radsatzenden bzw Radsatzlager eines im Drehgestellrahmen oder Fahrzeugkasten gelagerten Radsatzes in Längsrichtung verstellt werden Diese Verstellung kann passiv über in Bogen auftretende Langskrafte bzw aktiv über Stellelemente mittels Fremdenergie oder durch mechanische Übertragung von in Bogen auftretenden geometrischen Bewegungen im Fahrzeug erfolgenFor bogies with radio control, the wheelset ends or wheelset bearings of a wheelset mounted in the bogie frame or vehicle body must be adjusted in the longitudinal direction.This adjustment can be done passively via longitudinal forces occurring in arches or actively via control elements using external energy or by mechanical transmission of geometric movements occurring in arches in the vehicle
Zur Verstellung der Radsatzlager werden bei Systemen mit aktiver Steuerung Stellelemente mit hydraulischer, pneumatischer oder elektrischer Stellenergie verwendet, die anstelle der Radsatzlenker eingebaut werden Dies hat den Nachteil, daß die gesamte Zug- und Bremskraft über diese Stellelemente geleitet wird, wozu diese entsprechend stark auszulegen sind, was kostenaufwendig ist Außerdem ist es aus Sicherheitsgründen zwingend erforderlich, daß bei Ausfall der Stellelemente, der Stellelemente-Steuerung oder der Stellelemente-Energiezufuhr automatisch eine definierte Position sicher eingenommen wird Bei mechanischer aktiver oder passiver Ansteuerung über Gestänge müssen ebenfalls die vollen Zug- und Bremskräfte über das Gestänge gefuhrt werden, was eine entsprechend starke Auslegung erfordert und ebenfalls kostenaufwendig istIn systems with active control, adjusting elements with hydraulic, pneumatic or electrical actuating energy are used to adjust the wheelset bearings, which are installed instead of the wheelset control arm. This has the disadvantage that the entire traction and braking force is directed over these adjusting elements, for which purpose these have to be designed accordingly , which is expensive In addition, for safety reasons, it is imperative that a defined position is automatically assumed in the event of a failure of the control elements, the control element control or the control element power supply. With mechanical active or passive control via linkage, the full traction and braking forces must also be used are guided over the linkage, which requires a correspondingly strong design and is also costly
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine kostengünstige Vorrichtung zur Radiaisteuerung eines Schienenfahrzeuges anzugeben Diese Aufgabe wird in Verbindung mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffes erfindungsgemäß durch die im Anspruch 1 gekennzeichneten Merkmale gelöst.The invention has for its object to provide an inexpensive device for radio control of a rail vehicle This object is achieved in connection with the features of the preamble according to the invention by the features characterized in claim 1.
Der bei üblichen Drehgestellen ohne Radialsteuerung vorhandene Radsatzlenker ist demnach erfindungsgemäß derart ausgeführt, daß er mittels eines sich etwa in der Mitte befindlichen Gelenks knickbar ist. Durch diese Knickung kann die wirksame Länge des Radsatzleπkers um das erforderliche Maß verändert (verkürzt) werden, so daß sich die Lage des Radsatzlagers wie gewünscht verändert und der Radsatz die erforderliche radiale Stellung einnimmt. Die Knickung kann über elektrische, pneumatische, hydraulische oder mechanische Betätigung eingeleitet werden, die Rückstellung in die gestreckte Normallage erfolgt bei elektrischer, pneumatischer oder hydraulischer Betätigung sicher über Federkraft, bei mechanischer Betätigung wahlweise über eine Zwangsführung durch das Gestänge.The wheel set control arm present in conventional bogies without radial control is accordingly designed according to the invention in such a way that it can be bent by means of a joint located approximately in the middle. This kink allows the effective length of the axle set to be changed (shortened) by the required amount, so that the position of the axle bearing changes as desired and the axle set assumes the required radial position. The buckling can be initiated via electrical, pneumatic, hydraulic or mechanical actuation, the return to the stretched normal position is carried out by spring force in the case of electrical, pneumatic or hydraulic actuation, and in the case of mechanical actuation optionally via a forced guidance through the linkage.
Die mit der Erfindung erzielbaren Vorteile bestehen insbesondere darin, daß die zur Radialsteuerung erforderlichen Verstellkräfte und die Einwirkung der Zug- bzw. Bremskraft wesentlich geringer sind als bei direkter Führung, da nur die im geknickten Lenker über die allgemein bekannte Kniehebelwirkung wirkenden Querkräfte für den Verstellmechanismus wirksam sind. Bei Rückstellung durch Federkraft wird die ursprüngliche Stellung (gestreckte Normallage) stabil eingenommen, da die dann wirkenden Querkräfte im Radsatzlenker sehr gering bzw. Null sind.The advantages that can be achieved with the invention are, in particular, that the adjustment forces required for radial control and the action of the tensile or braking force are substantially less than with direct guidance, since only the transverse forces acting in the bent handlebar via the generally known toggle lever action are effective for the adjustment mechanism are. When resetting by spring force, the original position (stretched normal position) is assumed to be stable, since the lateral forces then acting in the wheel set control arm are very low or zero.
Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen gekennzeichnet.Advantageous embodiments of the invention are characterized in the subclaims.
Weitere Vorteile der vorgeschlagenen Vorrichtung ergeben sich aus der nachstehenden Beschreibung.Further advantages of the proposed device result from the description below.
Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand der in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert. Es zeigen:The invention is explained below with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawing. Show it:
Fig. 1 eine Sicht auf die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung gemäß einer ersten Variante, Fig. 2 die Vorrichtung gemäß erster Variante bei Bogenfahrt,1 is a view of the device according to the invention according to a first variant, 2 shows the device according to the first variant when traveling through arches,
Fig. 3 eine Sicht auf die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung gemäß einer zweiten Variante,3 shows a view of the device according to the invention in accordance with a second variant,
Fig. 4 die Vorrichtung gemäß zweiter Variante bei Bogenfahrt.Fig. 4 shows the device according to the second variant when traveling through arches.
In Fig. 1 ist eine Sicht auf die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung gemäß einer ersten Variante dargestellt. Es ist ein Radsatz 1 eines Drehgestelles mit Achse 2 und Rädern 3, 4 gezeigt. Der Radsatz 1 ist in Radsatzlagergehäusen 5, 6 gelagert und geführt. Radsatzlenker führen die Radsatzlagergehäuse und damit den Radsatz in Fahrzeuglängsrichtung. Die Radsatzlenker sind jeweils in zwei Lenkerabschnitte 8, 9 bzw. 15, 16 unterteilt, wobei die Radsatzlenker 8/9 bzw. 15/16 jeweils über ein Gelenk 11 bzw. 18 knickbar miteinander verbunden sind. Die jeweils ersten Lenkerabschnitte 8 bzw. 16 sind über Anlenkpunkte 10 bzw. 17 am Drehgestellrahmen oder Fahrzeugkasten befestigt. Die jeweils zweiten Lenkerabschnitte 9 bzw. 15 sind über Anlenkpunkte 7 bzw. 14 am Radsatzlagergehäuse 5 bzw. 6 befestigt.1 shows a view of the device according to the invention in accordance with a first variant. A wheel set 1 of a bogie with axle 2 and wheels 3, 4 is shown. The wheelset 1 is mounted and guided in wheelset bearing housings 5, 6. Wheelset guides guide the wheelset bearing housings and thus the wheelset in the vehicle's longitudinal direction. The wheelset links are each divided into two link sections 8, 9 and 15, 16, respectively, the wheelset links 8/9 and 15/16 being connected to one another in a bendable manner via a joint 11 and 18, respectively. The respective first link sections 8 and 16 are attached to the bogie frame or vehicle body via articulation points 10 and 17. The respective second link sections 9 and 15 are fastened to the wheel set bearing housing 5 and 6 via articulation points 7 and 14.
An den Gelenken 11 bzw. 18 greift jeweils ein Stellglied (Betätigungseinrichtung) 12 bzw. 19 an, welches andererseits über einen Anlenkpunkt 13 bzw. 20 am Drehgestellrahmen oder Fahrzeugkasten befestigt ist. Bei Betätigung des Stellgliedes 12 wird der Radsatzlenker 8/9 ausgeknickt, wodurch der Abstand zwischen den Anlenkpunkten 7 und 10 verkürzt wird und sich die relative Lage des Radsatzlagers 5 zum Drehgestellrahmen bzw. zum Fahrzeugkasten verändert. Bei Betätigung des Stellgliedes 19 wird der weitere Radsatzlenker 15/16 ausgeknickt, wodurch der Abstand zwischen den Anlenkpunkten 14 und 17 verkürzt wird und sich die relative Lage des Radsatzlagers 6 zum Drehgestellrahmen bzw. zum Fahrzeugkasten verändert.On the joints 11 and 18, respectively, an actuator (actuating device) 12 or 19 acts, which on the other hand is attached to the bogie frame or vehicle body via a pivot point 13 or 20. When actuating the actuator 12, the wheelset link 8/9 is buckled, which shortens the distance between the articulation points 7 and 10 and changes the relative position of the wheelset bearing 5 to the bogie frame or to the vehicle body. When the actuator 19 is actuated, the further wheel set link 15/16 is buckled, as a result of which the distance between the articulation points 14 and 17 is shortened and the relative position of the wheel set bearing 6 to the bogie frame or to the vehicle body changes.
Erfindungsgemäß wird je nach Bogenfahrt rechts oder links nur einer der Radsatzlenker 8/9 oder 15/16 verkürzt, so daß der Radsatz 1 die gewünschte Schrägstellung in der gewünschten Richtung für Bogenfahrt erhält. Die Stellglieder 12, 19 können als elektrisch, hydraulisch oder pneumatisch betätigbare Komponenten ausgebildet sein. Der Steuerimpuls für eine Betätigung eines Stellgliedes 12, 19 wird durch die Fahrzeugsteuerung erzeugt, wenn beispielsweise durch Fliehkraft oder durch eine externe Steuereinrichtung eine Bogenfahrt erkannt wird. Dabei kann durch ein entsprechend gesteuertes und kontrolliertes Stellglied 12, 19 eine dem Bogenradius angepaßte Radialstellung präzise erreicht werden.According to the invention, only one of the wheel set links 8/9 or 15/16 is shortened to the right or left, depending on the curve travel, so that the wheel set 1 is given the desired inclination in the desired direction for curve travel. The actuators 12, 19 can be designed as electrically, hydraulically or pneumatically actuated components. The control pulse for actuating an actuator 12, 19 is generated by the vehicle control when, for example, centrifugal force or an external control device detects an arc. A correspondingly controlled and controlled actuator 12, 19 can be used to precisely achieve a radial position adapted to the arc radius.
Zur Vereinfachung der Steuerung der Stellglieder 12, 19 und zur Vermeidung von Steuerfehlern kann die Verstellbarkeit der Stellglieder 12, 19 auf lediglich zwei Stellungen und zwar auf die Grundstellung (Radsatzlenker gerade) und auf eine geknickte Stellung (für Bogenfahrt rechts oder links) reduziert werden. Damit wird zwar nicht in allen Fällen bzw. nicht für alle Bogenradien die optimale Radialstellung erreicht, jedoch führt dies nicht zu nennenswerten Nachteilen bezüglich des Fahrverhaltens des Fahrzeuges.In order to simplify the control of the actuators 12, 19 and to avoid control errors, the adjustability of the actuators 12, 19 can be reduced to only two positions, namely to the basic position (wheel set handlebar straight) and to a kinked position (for bend travel on the right or left). This means that the optimum radial position is not achieved in all cases or not for all the curve radii, but this does not lead to any noteworthy disadvantages with regard to the driving behavior of the vehicle.
In Fig. 2 ist die Vorrichtung gemäß erster Variante bei Bogenfahrt dargestellt. Stellglied 12 ist nicht aktiviert, d. h. der Radsatzlenker 8/9 ist in gestreckter Normallage. Durch Betätigung des Stellgliedes 19 ist der Radsatzlenker 15/16 eingeknickt, wodurch die gewünschte Schrägstellung des Radsatzes 1 für Bogenfahrt eingestellt ist.In Fig. 2, the device according to the first variant is shown when traveling through arches. Actuator 12 is not activated, i. H. the wheel set handlebar 8/9 is in a normal stretched position. By actuating the actuator 19, the wheel set link 15/16 is buckled, as a result of which the desired inclined position of the wheel set 1 is set for curved travel.
In Fig. 3 ist eine Sicht auf die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung gemäß einer zweiten Variante dargestellt. Die Anordnung mit Radsatz 1 , Radsatzlagergehäusen 5, 6, Radsatzlenkern 8/9 bzw. 15/16 mit Gelenken 11 bzw. 18 sowie Anlenkpunkten 7, 10, 14, 17 ist wie unter Fig. 1 beschrieben. Die Ausknickung der Radsatzlenker 8/9 bzw. 15/16 erfolgt jedoch nicht durch Stellglieder 12 bzw. 19, sondern mittels eines mechanischen Gestänges. Dabei greift ein an einem Drehpunkt 22 befestigter Hebel 21 über ein Gelenk 23 und eine Stange 24 am Gelenk 11 an. Am weiteren Ende des Hebels 21 befindet sich ein Gelenk 25, das über eine (nicht dargestellte) Stange beispielsweise durch Querverschiebung eines Mittelradsatzes dreiachsiger Drehgestelle (oder allgemein einer Dreiachs-Konfiguration) oder durch den Ausdrehwinkel des Drehgestelles gegenüber dem Fahrzeugkasten betätigt wird. In gleicher Weise greift ein an einem Drehpunkt 27 befestigter Hebel 26 über ein Gelenk 28 und eine Stange 29 am Gelenk 18 an. Am weiteren Ende des Hebels 26 befindet sich ein Gelenk 30, das über eine (nicht dargestellte) Stange beispielsweise durch Querverschiebung eines Mittelradsatzes dreiachsiger Drehgestelle oder durch den Ausdrehwinkel des Drehgestelles gegenüber dem Fahrzeugkasten betätigt wird.3 shows a view of the device according to the invention in accordance with a second variant. The arrangement with wheelset 1, wheelset bearing housings 5, 6, steering arms 8/9 or 15/16 with joints 11 or 18 and articulation points 7, 10, 14, 17 is as described under FIG. 1. However, the bogie arms 8/9 or 15/16 are not buckled by actuators 12 or 19, but by means of a mechanical linkage. A lever 21 attached to a fulcrum 22 acts on the joint 11 via a joint 23 and a rod 24. At the further end of the lever 21 there is a joint 25 which is actuated via a rod (not shown), for example by transverse displacement of a central wheel set of three-axle bogies (or generally a three-axle configuration) or by the angle of rotation of the bogie relative to the vehicle body. In in the same way, a lever 26 attached to a pivot point 27 engages the joint 18 via a joint 28 and a rod 29. At the further end of the lever 26 there is a joint 30 which is actuated via a rod (not shown), for example by transverse displacement of a central wheel set of three-axle bogies or by the angle of rotation of the bogie relative to the vehicle body.
In Fig. 4 ist die Vorrichtung gemäß zweiter Variante bei Bogenfahrt dargestellt. Hebel 26 ist nicht aktiviert, d. h. der Radsatzlenker 15/ befindet sich in gestreckter Normallage. Durch Betätigung des Hebels 21 ist der Radsatzlenker 8/9 eingeknickt, wodurch die gewünschte Schrägstellung des Radsatzes 1 für Bogenfahrt eingestellt ist. 4 shows the device according to the second variant when traveling through arches. Lever 26 is not activated, i. H. The wheel set control arm 15 / is in the normal stretched position. By actuating the lever 21, the wheel set link 8/9 is buckled, as a result of which the desired inclined position of the wheel set 1 is set for curved travel.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1 Vorrichtung zur Radiaisteuerung eines Schienenfahrzeuges, wobei mindestens ein Radsatz (1 ) in einem Drehgestell oder einem Fahrzeugkasten gelagert ist und die Radsatzeπden mittels Betatigungseinnchtungen (12, 19, 21 , 26) in Fahrzeuglangsnchtung verstellbar sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Langsverstellung der Radsatzenden mittels eines knickbaren Radsatzlenkers (8/9, 15/16) erfolgt, wobei die Betatigungseinnchtung am Gelenk (1 1 , 18) des knickbaren Radsatzlenkers angreift1 device for radio control of a rail vehicle, wherein at least one wheelset (1) is mounted in a bogie or a vehicle body and the Radsatzeπden are adjustable by means of actuating devices (12, 19, 21, 26) in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, characterized in that the longitudinal adjustment of the wheelset ends by means of a bendable wheel set control arm (8/9, 15/16) takes place, the actuating device acting on the joint (1 1, 18) of the bendable wheel set control arm
2 Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Knickung des Radsatzlenkers (8/9, 15/16) mittels eines elektrischen oder pneumatischen oder hydraulischen Stellgliedes (12, 19) erfolgt.2 Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the buckling of the wheelset control arm (8/9, 15/16) by means of an electrical or pneumatic or hydraulic actuator (12, 19).
3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Stellglied (12, 19) nur zwei Stellungen für gestreckten und geknickten Radsatzlenker bewirkt.3. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the actuator (12, 19) causes only two positions for extended and bent wheelset control arms.
4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Knickung des Radsatzlenkers (8/9, 15/16) mittels eines mechanischen Gestänges mit an einem Drehpunkt (22, 27) befestigtem Hebel (21 , 26) erfolgt4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the buckling of the wheelset link (8/9, 15/16) by means of a mechanical linkage with a pivot point (22, 27) attached lever (21, 26)
5 Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das mechanische Gestänge durch Verschiebung des Mittelradsatzes bei einer Dreiachs- Konfiguration betatigbar ist5 Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the mechanical linkage can be actuated by shifting the center gear set in a three-axis configuration
6 Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das mechanische Gestänge durch die Ausdrehbewegung eines Drehgestells gegenüber dem Fahrzeugkasten betatigbar ist 6 Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the mechanical linkage can be actuated by rotating a bogie relative to the vehicle body
EP00993173A 1999-11-25 2000-11-22 Device for the radial control of a rail vehicle Expired - Lifetime EP1237773B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19956655A DE19956655A1 (en) 1999-11-25 1999-11-25 Device for controlling a railcar radially has a set of wheels with a set of bearings in a pivoted bogie or a railcar casing with lengthwise adjustment of the ends of the sets of wheels performed by means of a connecting rod.
DE19956655 1999-11-25
PCT/EP2000/011614 WO2001038155A1 (en) 1999-11-25 2000-11-22 Device for the radial control of a rail vehicle

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1237773A1 true EP1237773A1 (en) 2002-09-11
EP1237773B1 EP1237773B1 (en) 2004-05-19

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Family Applications (1)

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EP00993173A Expired - Lifetime EP1237773B1 (en) 1999-11-25 2000-11-22 Device for the radial control of a rail vehicle

Country Status (11)

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US (1) US6966266B1 (en)
EP (1) EP1237773B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2003525798A (en)
AT (1) ATE267106T1 (en)
CA (1) CA2390909C (en)
DE (2) DE19956655A1 (en)
DK (1) DK1237773T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2223647T3 (en)
PT (1) PT1237773E (en)
TR (1) TR200401969T4 (en)
WO (1) WO2001038155A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE267106T1 (en) 2004-06-15
US6966266B1 (en) 2005-11-22
DE50006534D1 (en) 2004-06-24
CA2390909A1 (en) 2001-05-31
EP1237773B1 (en) 2004-05-19
DK1237773T3 (en) 2004-09-27
PT1237773E (en) 2004-10-29
DE19956655A1 (en) 2001-05-31
ES2223647T3 (en) 2005-03-01
WO2001038155A1 (en) 2001-05-31
CA2390909C (en) 2010-01-12
JP2003525798A (en) 2003-09-02
TR200401969T4 (en) 2004-09-21

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