EP1236015B1 - Batch sludge dehydrator - Google Patents
Batch sludge dehydrator Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1236015B1 EP1236015B1 EP99951769A EP99951769A EP1236015B1 EP 1236015 B1 EP1236015 B1 EP 1236015B1 EP 99951769 A EP99951769 A EP 99951769A EP 99951769 A EP99951769 A EP 99951769A EP 1236015 B1 EP1236015 B1 EP 1236015B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- agitator
- shaft
- chamber
- thermal fluid
- disc
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
- F26B17/28—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by rollers or discs with material passing over or between them, e.g. suction drum, sieve, the axis of rotation being in fixed position
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B11/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive
- F26B11/12—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in stationary drums or other mainly-closed receptacles with moving stirring devices
- F26B11/16—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in stationary drums or other mainly-closed receptacles with moving stirring devices the stirring device moving in a vertical or steeply-inclined plane
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
- F26B17/18—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by rotating helical blades or other rotary conveyors which may be heated moving materials in stationary chambers, e.g. troughs
- F26B17/20—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by rotating helical blades or other rotary conveyors which may be heated moving materials in stationary chambers, e.g. troughs the axis of rotation being horizontal or slightly inclined
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
- F26B25/04—Agitating, stirring, or scraping devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B2200/00—Drying processes and machines for solid materials characterised by the specific requirements of the drying good
- F26B2200/18—Sludges, e.g. sewage, waste, industrial processes, cooling towers
Definitions
- the sludge dehydrator of the present invention incorporates a system using indirect heat and a batch mode to obtain substantially improved performance in sludge dehydration.
- a rotatably-mounted agitator 26 is adapted to agitate material in the inner cavity 14 when the agitator 26 rotates in a first direction and convey the material out of the inner cavity 14 when the agitator rotates in the other, second direction.
- first direction is illustrated by arrow 28, and the other, second direction is illustrated by arrow 30.
- the agitator 26 is mounted for rotation about the central axis 16 of the chamber 12.
- the agitator 26 includes a tubular shaft 32 along the central axis 16 adapted to receive heated thermal fluid at a first end 34 thereof and return thermal fluid at the other, second end 36 thereof ( Figures 3,4).
- a plurality of transverse discs 38 are fixed at substantially equally-spaced locations along the shaft 32.
- the discs have substantially equal dimensions, with disc outer diameter dimensions "D 1 " begin substantially less than an inner diameter dimension "D 2 " of the inner cavity 14.
- Substantial annular gaps 40 between the discs 38 and the inner chamber wall 22 are provided.
- the rotating agitator 26 inside of the dehydration chamber is fabricated from a series of hollow discs 38 welded to a common shaft 32. These hollow discs 38 have a 40 degree wedge-shaped sector 60 cut out of them to allow the wet material being dehydrated to level out over the entire length of the chamber and to let the dry material pass between the discs when it is being discharged.
- the agitator 26 is supported by the shaft 32 extending through bearings mounted at both ends of the dehydration chamber.
- Thermal fluid rotary unions 118 are located at either end of the shaft 32 to allow the fluid to enter the rotating shaft. All of the discs 38 are connected by wiper tubes 50 which allow for the passage of thermal fluid from one disc 38 to the next.
- the material storage/feed hopper 100 has a rotating wiper mechanism 124 that maintains a constant feed of material to a screw auger 126 positioned in the bottom.
- the screw auger 126 conveys the material from the hopper 100 to the dehydration chamber 12 through a feed tube 128 attached to the sludge inlet port 108.
- Wet Scrubber/Condenser 102 The vapors from the dehydrator 12 exit the dehydrator through a ducting 134 that has numerous water spray nozzles 136 positioned in it. This water spray helps to cool the gas stream and collect the particulate that is emitted from the dehydrator exhaust port 112 prior to entering the venturi scrubber/cyclone 138 where a higher efficiency scrubbing/cooling effect occur.
- the material to be dried is placed into the material storage/feed hopper.
- An automatic slide gate is located inside of the dehydration chamber at the opening of the material inlet port which opens when the unit is being filled and closes when the unit is in the dehydration or discharge mode.
- the hopper will fill the dehydration chamber to the correct level based upon a predetermined time interval.
- the dehydration process begins with agitator rotation in the correct direction and the heated fluid being pumped through the dehydration chamber and agitator.
- the thermal fluid is maintained at a higher temperature.
- the temperature of the oil is reduced to keep it from reaching the ignition point. This prevents the scorching, or burning of the material.
- the flat sides of wiper tubes are working toward the material.
- the material is agitated, lifted and churned continuously, exposing it to as much of the heated surface area of the agitator tubes, discs and cylinder walls as possible.
- the angled conveyor bars move the material toward, and through, the discharge port opening and deposits it in the dry material conveyor.
- the dry material is sent from the conveyor to a receptacle, or bag.
- the system automatically closes the discharge port door and refills with wet material to begin the next dehydration cycle. Since the system is sealed, the exhaust from the dehydrator is virtually a pure vapor.
- the air scrubber/condenser is designed to remove the particulate which may be entrained in the exhaust stream and condense as much of the vapor as possible back to a liquid.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
- Accessories For Mixers (AREA)
- Mixers Of The Rotary Stirring Type (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- This invention relates to sludge dehydration, more particularly to a sludge dehydrator that operates in a batch mode.
- The disposal of waste sludge is of increasing concern due to ever tighter environmental regulations. One general type of solution for dealing with such waste is the dehydrator disclosed in our United States Patent No. 5,566,469. While this dehydrator has been effective and economical for its designed purpose, there has been substantial room for improvement with regard to efficiency and cost, as well as the through capacity of the device.
- Another means of dehydration is disclosed in United States patent number 3,800,865. US Patent No. 3,800,865 provides dehydrating apparatus as defined in the preamble of claim 1.
- A problem with US 3,800,865 is that material at the edges of the tank is not heated as well as the material located near the centre of the tank against the vanes.
- The present invention provides a batch sludge dehydrator as defined in independent claim 1 to which reference should now be made.
- The sludge dehydrator of the present invention incorporates a system using indirect heat and a batch mode to obtain substantially improved performance in sludge dehydration.
- A more complete understanding of the invention and its advantages will be apparent from the Detailed Description taken in conjunction with the accompanying Drawings, in which:
- Figure 1 is a partially broken-away end view of dehydrating apparatus constructed in accordance with the present invention;
- Figure 2 is a perspective view of an agitator useful with the invention;
- Figure 3 is a schematic view illustrating the flow of heated oil through the apparatus; and
- Figure 4 is a schematic view illustrating the system of the present invention in operation.
-
- Referring initially to Figures 1-4, where like numerals indicate like and corresponding elements, a
dehydrating apparatus 10 includes achamber 12 for receiving material to be dehydrated in aninner cavity 14 with material to be dehydrated.Chamber 12 is cylindrical about a horizontal, longitudinal,central axis 16. -
Chamber 12 has aheating annulus 18 adapted and arranged to receive heated thermal fluid from a thermal fluid heater 20 (Figures 3, 4). Heatingannulus 18 is formed by inner andouter chamber walls Outer chamber wall 24 is insulated, and theinner chamber wall 22 is adapted to heat, wet material in theinner cavity 14 by conduction through theinner chamber wall 22. - A rotatably-mounted
agitator 26 is adapted to agitate material in theinner cavity 14 when theagitator 26 rotates in a first direction and convey the material out of theinner cavity 14 when the agitator rotates in the other, second direction. In Figures 1 and 2, the first direction is illustrated byarrow 28, and the other, second direction is illustrated byarrow 30. - The
agitator 26 is adapted and arranged to receive heated thermal fluid from thethermal fluid heater 20 to heat theagitator 26 and thereby heat the wet material in theinner cavity 14 by conduction. - The
agitator 26 is mounted for rotation about thecentral axis 16 of thechamber 12. Theagitator 26 includes atubular shaft 32 along thecentral axis 16 adapted to receive heated thermal fluid at afirst end 34 thereof and return thermal fluid at the other,second end 36 thereof (Figures 3,4). - A plurality of
transverse discs 38 are fixed at substantially equally-spaced locations along theshaft 32. The discs have substantially equal dimensions, with disc outer diameter dimensions "D1" begin substantially less than an inner diameter dimension "D2" of theinner cavity 14. Substantialannular gaps 40 between thediscs 38 and theinner chamber wall 22 are provided. - As best shown in Figure 3, the
discs 38 are hollow bodies havinginternal cavities 42. Afirst disc 44 in closest proximity to the shaftfirst end 34 is adapted to receive heated thermal fluid from the shaftfirst end 34. A last disc 46 in closest proximity to the shaftsecond end 36 is adapted to return heated thermal fluid to the shaftsecond end 36. Adjacent pairs ofdiscs 38 are connected at theirperipheries 48 byhollow wiper tubes 50 extending between radially-extending, hollow, connectingarms 52 to permit the flow of heated fluid from disc to disc along the shaft from thefirst end 34 to thesecond end 36.Wiper tubes 50, as best shown in Figure 1, are in close proximity to theinner chamber wall 22 such that material is wiped and agitated when the agitator is rotated in the first direction. Anangled conveyor bar 54 extends at an acute angle from eachwiper bar 50 in the direction of the second direction of agitator rotation. - Each
disc 38 hasradial walls shaped sectors 60. Thesectors 60 are indexed along theshaft 32, as best shown in Figure 2. The connectingarms 52 are aligned with theradial walls conveyor bars 54 push dried material through thesectors 60 when the agitator rotates in the second direction. - In operation, as best shown in Figures 3 and 4, the invention is an indirectly heated dehydration system used to evaporate moisture from solids. The system consists of the following primary components:
dehydration chamber 12;dehydration chamber agitator 26;thermal fluid heater 20 wet material storage/feed hopper 101; dry product discharge conveyor andbag rack 100; and wet particulate scrubber/condenser 102. -
Dehydration Chamber 12. Thestationary dehydration chamber 12 is comprised of a cylindricalinner chamber 14 with either thermal fluid coils or preferably another cylindrical chamber surrounding it creating anannulus 18 between the two to allow for the passage of a heated thermal fluid. Thedehydration chamber 12 has a thermalfluid inlet port 104, a thermalfluid discharge port 106, amaterial inlet port 108, amaterial discharge port 110, an exhaustvapor discharge port 112 anddoors 114 for access to the internal workings of the machine. The entire combustion chamber is surrounded by aninsulation blanket 116. -
Agitator 26. The rotatingagitator 26 inside of the dehydration chamber is fabricated from a series ofhollow discs 38 welded to acommon shaft 32. Thesehollow discs 38 have a 40 degree wedge-shaped sector 60 cut out of them to allow the wet material being dehydrated to level out over the entire length of the chamber and to let the dry material pass between the discs when it is being discharged. Theagitator 26 is supported by theshaft 32 extending through bearings mounted at both ends of the dehydration chamber. Thermal fluidrotary unions 118 are located at either end of theshaft 32 to allow the fluid to enter the rotating shaft. All of thediscs 38 are connected bywiper tubes 50 which allow for the passage of thermal fluid from onedisc 38 to the next. The fluid is pumped into the end of theagitator shaft 32 where a blank steel flange 120 (Figure 3) is welded inside of the shaft past thefirst disc 44. A flange 122 is similarly welded inside the last disc 46 on the other end. Holes are cut in theshaft 32 inside of thefirst disc 44. This allows the fluid to enter thefirst disc 44, travel from onedisc 38 to the next through thewiper tubes 50 and connectingarms 52, and exit theagitator 26 through theshaft 32 at the opposite end. Thewiper tubes 50 have a flat face on one side and anangled conveyor bar 54 on the other. The flat face moves into the material when the system is in the dehydration mode and theangled conveyor bar 54 moves into it when the system is in discharge mode. - Wet Material Storage/Feed Hopper 100. The material storage/
feed hopper 100 has a rotatingwiper mechanism 124 that maintains a constant feed of material to ascrew auger 126 positioned in the bottom. Thescrew auger 126 conveys the material from thehopper 100 to thedehydration chamber 12 through afeed tube 128 attached to thesludge inlet port 108. -
Thermal Fluid Heater 20. The gas, or electric,thermal fluid heater 20 heats the fluid that is pumped through thedehydration chamber annulus 18 andagitator discs 38. The thermal fluid system is closed-loop. The fluid existing the dehydrator is pumped back through the heater, reheated and sent back to the dehydrator. - Dry Product Discharge Bag Rack and Conveyor 101: The dried solids are discharged from the
dehydration chamber 12 into aconveyor 130 that transfers the material to areceptacle 132. These receptacles can be bags, dumpsters, silos, rolloff hoppers, etc. - Wet Scrubber/Condenser 102: The vapors from the
dehydrator 12 exit the dehydrator through aducting 134 that has numerouswater spray nozzles 136 positioned in it. This water spray helps to cool the gas stream and collect the particulate that is emitted from thedehydrator exhaust port 112 prior to entering the venturi scrubber/cyclone 138 where a higher efficiency scrubbing/cooling effect occur. - PRINCIPALS OF OPERATION. The material to be dried is placed into the material storage/feed hopper. An automatic slide gate is located inside of the dehydration chamber at the opening of the material inlet port which opens when the unit is being filled and closes when the unit is in the dehydration or discharge mode. The hopper will fill the dehydration chamber to the correct level based upon a predetermined time interval. When the dehydration chamber has been filled, the dehydration process begins with agitator rotation in the correct direction and the heated fluid being pumped through the dehydration chamber and agitator. At the beginning of the drying cycle, when the material is at its wettest, the thermal fluid is maintained at a higher temperature. Toward the end of the cycle, when the material is drier, the temperature of the oil is reduced to keep it from reaching the ignition point. This prevents the scorching, or burning of the material. In the dehydration mode, the flat sides of wiper tubes are working toward the material. During this period, the material is agitated, lifted and churned continuously, exposing it to as much of the heated surface area of the agitator tubes, discs and cylinder walls as possible. Once it has been determined that the material is dry, either on a timed cycle or by a temperature sensor, the system will automatically open the material discharge port door and reverse the direction of the agitator so that the angled conveyor bars are working toward the material. With each revolution, the angled conveyor bars move the material toward, and through, the discharge port opening and deposits it in the dry material conveyor. The dry material is sent from the conveyor to a receptacle, or bag. After the dehydrator is emptied, the system automatically closes the discharge port door and refills with wet material to begin the next dehydration cycle. Since the system is sealed, the exhaust from the dehydrator is virtually a pure vapor. The air scrubber/condenser is designed to remove the particulate which may be entrained in the exhaust stream and condense as much of the vapor as possible back to a liquid.
Claims (3)
- Dehydrating apparatus (10) comprising:a chamber (12) for receiving wet material to be dehydrated; anda rotatably-mounted agitator (26) with the chamber (12), the agitator (26) being adapted to agitate material in the chamber (12) when the agitator (26) rotates in a first direction and convey the material out of the chamber (12) when the agitator (26) rotates in the other, second direction;with the agitator (26) being adapted and arranged to receive heated thermal fluid from a thermal fluid heater (20) to heat the agitator (26) and thereby heat the wet material in the inner cavity (14) by conduction;with the agitator (26) being mounted for rotation about a central axis (16) of the chamber (12);the agitator (26) including a tubular shaft (32) along a central axis (16) adapted to receive heated thermal fluid at a first end (34) of the shaft (32) and return thermal fluid at the other, second end (36) of the shaft (32);with a plurality of transverse discs (38) fixed at substantially equally-spaced locations along the shaft (32);with the discs (38) being hollow bodies having internal cavities (42), a first disc (44) in closest proximity to the shaft first end (34) being adapted to receive heated thermal fluid from the shaft first end (34), and a last disc (46) in closest proximity to the shaft second end (36) being adapted to return heated thermal fluid to the shaft second end (36); and characterized byadjacent pairs of discs (38) being connected at their peripheries (48) by hollow wiper tubes (50) extending between radially-extending, hollow, connecting arms (52), to permit the flow of heated fluid from disc to disc along the shaft (32) from the first end (34) to the second end (36), and the wiper tubes (50) being in close proximity to the inner chamber wall (22) such that material is wiped and agitated when the agitator (26) is rotated in the first direction.
- The apparatus of claim 1 with an angled conveyor bar (54) extending at an acute angle from each wiper tube (50) in the direction of the second direction of agitator rotation.
- The apparatus of claim 2 with each disc (38) having radial walls (56, 58) defining open, wedged-shaped sectors (60), the sectors (60) being indexed along the shaft (32), with the connecting arms (52) aligned with the radial walls such that the conveyor bars (54) push dried material through the sectors (60) when the agitator (26) rotates in the second direction.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1999/023112 WO2001025709A1 (en) | 1999-10-05 | 1999-10-05 | Batch sludge dehydrator |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1236015A1 EP1236015A1 (en) | 2002-09-04 |
EP1236015B1 true EP1236015B1 (en) | 2005-01-12 |
Family
ID=22273743
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99951769A Expired - Lifetime EP1236015B1 (en) | 1999-10-05 | 1999-10-05 | Batch sludge dehydrator |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1236015B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP3909822B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR100473447B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE287073T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU766575B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR9917506A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2386610C (en) |
DE (1) | DE69923239T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2237169T3 (en) |
IL (1) | IL148947A (en) |
MX (1) | MXPA02003564A (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ517989A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001025709A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN108981326A (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2018-12-11 | 南京农业大学 | A kind of heat-pump-type vacuum drier |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102009010393A1 (en) * | 2008-09-29 | 2010-04-01 | List Holding Ag | Torre factor |
KR102093874B1 (en) * | 2019-01-08 | 2020-03-26 | 김재걸 | Rotary Type Hot Air Dryer |
DE102019114060A1 (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2020-12-03 | Hubert Kohler | REACTOR FOR GENERATING WATER VAPOR AND DRY SUBSTANCE, GAS GENERATING DEVICE AND METHOD OF STEAM AND GAS GENERATION |
EP4378572A3 (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2024-08-07 | Grant Prideco, Inc. | Method for continuous thermal separation of a multi-component substance |
US20230013608A1 (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2023-01-19 | Hellenes Holding As | Apparatus for continuous thermal separation of a multi-component substance |
NL2025396B1 (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2021-10-28 | Hosokawa Micron B V | Processing device for processing one or more flowable materials |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH265601A (en) * | 1948-01-16 | 1949-12-15 | Vevey Atel Const Mec | Apparatus for drying slaughterhouse waste, carcasses, fish, etc. with an agitator that can also be used for emptying. |
GB789439A (en) * | 1956-10-16 | 1958-01-22 | Stord Marin Ind As | Steam heated drying apparatus for drying moist materials |
NO122742B (en) * | 1970-05-16 | 1971-08-02 | Stord Bartz Industri As | |
BE880930A (en) * | 1979-12-28 | 1980-06-30 | Vandekerckhove Constr | INTERNAL HEATED AGITORIES |
DK155468C (en) * | 1984-10-04 | 1989-08-14 | Atlas As | DRY DEVICE INCLUDING A STATIONARY HOUSE AND A ROTOR WITH A NUMBER OF ANNUAL DRY BODIES |
GB8517798D0 (en) * | 1985-07-15 | 1985-08-21 | Din Eng Ltd | Reaction chamber conveyor |
JPS62172179A (en) * | 1986-01-25 | 1987-07-29 | 株式会社クボタ | Spiral carrying type drier |
DE8706191U1 (en) * | 1987-04-29 | 1987-06-19 | Wichmann, Hans, Prof. Dipl.-Ing., 1000 Berlin | Dryer for viscous, at least partially homogenized masses |
US5566469A (en) | 1995-07-18 | 1996-10-22 | Fen-Tech Environmental, Inc. | Drying apparatus with rotatable housing |
-
1999
- 1999-10-05 DE DE69923239T patent/DE69923239T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-10-05 JP JP2001528407A patent/JP3909822B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-10-05 BR BR9917506-1A patent/BR9917506A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-10-05 KR KR10-2002-7004349A patent/KR100473447B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-10-05 EP EP99951769A patent/EP1236015B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-10-05 IL IL14894799A patent/IL148947A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-10-05 NZ NZ517989A patent/NZ517989A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-10-05 AT AT99951769T patent/ATE287073T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-10-05 ES ES99951769T patent/ES2237169T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-10-05 MX MXPA02003564A patent/MXPA02003564A/en active IP Right Grant
- 1999-10-05 AU AU64136/99A patent/AU766575B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-10-05 WO PCT/US1999/023112 patent/WO2001025709A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1999-10-05 CA CA002386610A patent/CA2386610C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN108981326A (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2018-12-11 | 南京农业大学 | A kind of heat-pump-type vacuum drier |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR100473447B1 (en) | 2005-03-09 |
CA2386610A1 (en) | 2001-04-12 |
BR9917506A (en) | 2002-08-13 |
AU766575B2 (en) | 2003-10-16 |
DE69923239T2 (en) | 2005-12-29 |
MXPA02003564A (en) | 2003-07-21 |
ES2237169T3 (en) | 2005-07-16 |
AU6413699A (en) | 2001-05-10 |
JP2003519768A (en) | 2003-06-24 |
IL148947A (en) | 2005-06-19 |
CA2386610C (en) | 2005-12-06 |
WO2001025709A1 (en) | 2001-04-12 |
KR20020060191A (en) | 2002-07-16 |
EP1236015A1 (en) | 2002-09-04 |
IL148947A0 (en) | 2002-11-10 |
ATE287073T1 (en) | 2005-01-15 |
NZ517989A (en) | 2003-01-31 |
JP3909822B2 (en) | 2007-04-25 |
DE69923239D1 (en) | 2005-02-17 |
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