Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K8/0208—Tissues; Wipes; Patches
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
  • A61Q19/10—Washing or bathing preparations
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
  • A61Q5/02—Preparations for cleaning the hair
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
  • A61Q5/12—Preparations containing hair conditioners
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q17/00—Barrier preparations; Preparations brought into direct contact with the skin for affording protection against external influences, e.g. sunlight, X-rays or other harmful rays, corrosive materials, bacteria or insect stings
  • A61Q17/005—Antimicrobial preparations
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q17/00—Barrier preparations; Preparations brought into direct contact with the skin for affording protection against external influences, e.g. sunlight, X-rays or other harmful rays, corrosive materials, bacteria or insect stings
  • A61Q17/04—Topical preparations for affording protection against sunlight or other radiation; Topical sun tanning preparations
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
  • A61Q19/04—Preparations for care of the skin for chemically tanning the skin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
  • A61Q19/08—Anti-ageing preparations

Definitions

• the present invention relates to disposable, personal care articles suitable for cleansing and/or therapeutically treating the skin, hair and any other sites in need of such treatment.
• These articles each comprise a water insoluble substrate comprising a nonwoven layer; and a therapeutic benefit component, disposed adjacent to said water insoluble substrate, wherein said component comprises from about 10% to about 1000%, by weight of the water insoluble substrate, of a therapeutic benefit composition comprising a safe and effective amount of an anionic polymer and a safe and effective amount of an cationic surfactant wherein said composition forms a coacervate when said article is exposed to water.
• the invention also encompasses methods for cleansing and/or conditioning the skin and hair using the articles of the present invention.
• Personal care products particularly cleansing and conditioning products
• these products have attempted to satisfy a number of criteria to be acceptable to consumers. These criteria include cleansing effectiveness, skin feel, mildness to skin, hair, and ocular mucosae, and lather volume. Ideal personal cleansers should gently cleanse the skin or hair, cause little or no irritation, and should not leave the skin or hair with a heavy buildup or overly dry when used frequently.
• Disposable products are convenient because they obviate the need to carry or store cumbersome bottles, bars, jars, tubes, and other forms of clutter including cleansing products and other products capable of providing therapeutic or aesthetic benefits. Disposable products are also a more sanitary alternative to the use of a sponge, washcloth, or other cleansing implement intended for extensive reuse, because such implements can develop bacterial growth, unpleasant odors, and other undesirable characteristics related to repeated use.
• the articles of the present invention surprisingly provide effective cleansing and/or therapeutic benefits to the skin and hair in a convenient, inexpensive, and sanitary manner.
• the present invention provides the convenience of not needing to carry, store, or use a separate implement (such as a washcloth or sponge), a cleanser and/or a therapeutic benefit product.
• These articles are convenient to use because they are in the form of either a single, disposable personal care article or multiple disposable articles useful for cleansing as well as application of a therapeutic or aesthetic benefit agent.
• these articles are suitable for use within or in conjunction with another personal care implement that is designed for more extensive use.
• the articles of the present invention are disposed within or attached to a separate personal care implement that is not readily disposable, e.g., a bath towel or washcloth.
• the disposable articles of the present invention may be removeably attached to a handle or grip suitable for moving the article over the surface to be cleansed and/or therapeutically treated (e g , conditioned)
• the articles of the present invention are suitable for personal care applications, they may also be useful in a variety of other industries such as the automotive care, marine vehicle care, household care, animal care, etc where surfaces or areas are in need of cleansing and/or application of a benefit agent, e g , wax, conditioner, UV protectant, etc
• a benefit agent e g , wax, conditioner, UV protectant, etc
• the articles are suitable for personal care applications and are useful for cleansing and or conditioning the skin, hair, and similar keratmous surfaces in need of such treatment Consumers use these articles by wetting them with water and rubbing them on the area to be treated
• the article consists of a water insoluble substrate and a therapeutic benefit component
• the nonwoven layer of the substrate particularly, enhances cleansing and exfoliation, and optimizes delivery and deposition of a therapeutic or aesthetic benefit agent that might be contained within the article
• the present invention relates to a substantially dry, disposable personal care article comprising a) a water insoluble substrate comprising a nonwoven layer, and b) a therapeutic benefit component, disposed adjacent to said water insoluble substrate, wherein said component comprises from about 10% to about 1000%, by weight of the water insoluble substrate, of a therapeutic benefit composition comprising 1 ) a safe and effective amount of a anionic polymer,
• the present invention also relates to a method of cleansing and/or conditioning the skin and hair which comprises the steps of a) wetting such articles with water and b) contacting the skin or hair with the wetted articles
• dispenser is used in its ordinary sense to mean an article that is disposed or discarded after a limited number of usage events, preferably less than 25, more preferably less than about 10, and most preferably less than about 2 entire usage events
• substantially dry means that the articles of the present invention exhibit a
• the determination of the Moisture Retention is discussed later
• the personal care articles of the present invention comprise the following essential components WATER INSOLUBLE SUBSTRATE
• the articles of the present invention comprise a water insoluble substrate comprising at least one nonwoven layer or ply
• this nonwoven layer is non-scouring
• “non-scouring” means that the layer exhibits an Abrasive Value of greater than about 15, preferably greater than about 30, more preferably greater than about 50, even more preferably greater than about 70, and most preferably greater than about 80 as determined by the Abrasiveness Value Methodology described below
• the substrate layers are soft yet invigorating to the skin of the consumer when used
• the water insoluble substrate enhances cleansing and/or therapeutic treatment
• the substrate can have the same or differing textures on each side such that the gripping side of the article is the same or a different texture as the skin/site contact side
• the substrate may act as an efficient lathering and exfoliating implement By physically coming into contact with the skin or hair, the substrate significantly aids in cleansing and removal of dirt, makeup, dead skin, and other debris
• the substrate is non-scouring or nonabrasive to the skin
• Materials suitable for the nonwoven layer are selected from the group consisting of cellulosic nonwovens, sponges (l e , both natural and synthetic), formed films, battings, and combinations thereof
• the layer comprises materials selected from the group consisting of cellulosic nonwovens, formed films, lofty battings, foams, sponges, reticulated foams, vacuum-formed laminates, scrims, polymeric nets, and combinations thereof
• the nonwoven layer comprises materials selected from the group consisting of cellulf
• the nonwoven layer of the substrate comprises batting
• the nonwoven layer is lofty, non-scou ⁇ ng, and is of low-density
• "lofty” means that the layer has density of from about 0 00005 g/cm 3 to about 0 1 g/cm 3 , preferably from about 0 001 g/cm 3 to about 0 09 g/cm 3 and a thickness of from about 0 04 inches to about 2 inches at 5 gms/in 2
• the nonwoven layer which comprises batting preferably comprises synthetic materials
• synthetic means that the materials are obtained primarily from various man-made materials or from natural materials which have been further altered Suitable synthetic materials include, but are not limited to, acetate fibers, acrylic fibers, cellulose ester fibers, modacryhc fibers, polyamide fibers, polyester fibers, polyolefin fibers, polyvinyl alcohol fibers, rayon fibers, polyethylene foam, polyurethane
• the cores comprise materials selected from the group consisting of polyesters, polyolefins having a T g of at least about 10°C higher than the sheath material, and combinations thereof
• the sheaths of the bicomponent fibers preferably comprise materials selected from the group consisting of polyolefins having a T g of at least about 10°C lower than the core material, polyesters polyolefins having a T g of at least about 10°C lower than the core material, and combinations thereof
• the fibers of the nonwoven layer may exhibit a helical or spiral or crimped configuration, particularly the bicomponent type fibers
• the batting nonwoven layer may also comprise natural fibers
• the fibers of the batting nonwoven layer preferably have an average thickness of from about 0 5 microns to about 150 microns More preferably, the average thickness of the fibers are from about 5 microns to about 75 microns In an even more preferred embodiment, the average thickness of the fibers are from about 8 microns to about 40 microns
• the fibers of the nonwoven layer may be of varying sizes, I e , the fibers of the nonwoven layer may comprise fibers having different average thicknesses
• the cross section of the fibers can be round, flat, oval, elliptical or otherwise shaped
• the nonwoven layer of the present invention may comprise a composite material, 1 e , a material having one or more plies of the same or different suitable materials merely superimposed physically, joined together continuously (e g , laminated, etc ) or in a discontinuous pattern, or by bonding at the external edges (or periphery) of the layer and/or at discrete loci
• the nonwoven layer may further comprise
• the nonwoven layer is apertured
• the apertures in the nonwoven layer of the water insoluble substrate will generally range in average diameter between about 0 5 mm and 5 mm More preferably, the apertures will range in size between about 1 mm to 4 mm in average diameter Preferably, no more than about 10% of the apertures in the nonwoven layer of the substrate will fall outside these size ranges More preferably, no more than about 5% of the apertures in the nonwoven layer will fall outside these size ranges
• the "diameter" of the aperture refers to the diameter of a circular opening having the same surface area as the opening of the non-circular shaped aperture Within the nonwoven layer, the apertures will generally occur at a frequency of from about 0 5 to
• the apertures in the surface of the layer will occur at a frequency of from about 1 5 to 6 apertures per straight linear centimeter
• apertures must at least be placed within the nonwoven layer Such apertures need not protrude completely through one surface of the nonwoven layer to the other They, however, may do so Additionally, apertures may or may not be placed in the nonwoven layer of the substrate such that the entire article is apertured through it's entire volume
• Apertures may be formed in the nonwoven layer of the water insoluble substrate as such a substrate, or layer thereof, is being formed or fabricated Alternatively, apertures may be formed in the nonwoven layer after the substrate comprising the layer has been completely formed
• the nonwoven layer may comprise a variety of both natural and synthetic fibers or materials As used herein, "natural” means that the materials are derived from plants, animals, insects or byproducts of plants, animals, and insects
• the conventional base starting material is usually a fibrous web comprising any of the common synthetic or natural textile-length fibers, or combinations thereof
• Nonhmiting examples of natural materials useful m the present invention include, but are not limited to, silk fibers, keratin fibers and cellulosic fibers
• Nonhmiting examples of keratin fibers include those selected from the group consisting of wool fibers, camel hair fibers, and the like
• Nonhmiting examples of cellulosic fibers include those selected from the group consisting of wood pulp fibers, cotton fibers, hemp fibers, jute fibers, flax fibers, and combinations thereof Cellulosic fiber materials are preferred in the present invention
• Nonhmiting examples of synthetic materials useful in the present invention include those selected from the group consisting of acetate fibers, acrylic fibers, cellulose ester fibers, modacryhc fibers, polyamide fibers, polyester fibers, polyolefin fibers, polyvinyl alcohol fibers, rayon fibers, polyethylene foam, polyurethane foam, and combinations thereof
• suitable synthetic materials include acrylics such as ac ⁇ lan, creslan, and the acrylonit ⁇ le-based fiber, orlon, cellulose ester fibers such as cellulose acetate, arnel, and accelerator, polyamides such as nylons (e g , nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon 610, and the like), polyesters such as fortrel, kodel, and the polyethylene terephthalate fiber, polybutylene terephalate fiber, dacron, polyolefins such as polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl acetate fibers, polyurethane foams and combinations thereof
• Nonwovens made from natural materials consist of webs or sheets most commonly formed on a fine wire screen from a liquid suspension of the fibers See C A Hampel et al , The Encyclopedia of
• Natural material nonwovens useful in the present invention may be obtained from a wide variety of commercial sources
• suitable commercially available paper layers useful herein include Airtex®, an embossed airlaid cellulosic layer having a base weight of about 71 gsy, available from James River, Green Bay, WI, and Walkisoft®, an embossed airlaid cellulosic having a base weight of about 75 gsy, available from Walkisoft U S A , Mount Holly, NC
• Additional suitable nonwoven materials include, but are not limited to, those disclosed in U S Patent Nos 4,447,294, issued to Osborn on May 8, 1984, 4,603,176 issued to Bjorkquist on July 29, 1986, 4,981,557 issued to Bjorkquist on January 1, 1991 , 5,085,736 issued to Bjorkquist on February 4, 1992, 5,138,002 issued to Bjorkquist on August 8, 1992, 5,262,007 issued to Phan et al on November 16, 1993, 5,264,082, issued to Phan et al on November 23, 1993, 4,637,859 issued to Trokhan on January 20, 1987, 4,529,480 issued to Trokhan on July 16, 1985, 4,687, 153 issued to McNeil on August 18, 1987, 5,223,096 issued to Phan et al on June 29, 1993 and 5,679,222, issued to Rasch et al on October 21, 1997, each of which is inco ⁇ orated by reference herein in its entirety
• nonwovens are well known in the art Generally, these nonwovens can be made by air-laying, water-laying, meltblowmg, coforming, spunbonding, or carding processes in which the fibers or filaments are first cut to desired lengths from long strands, passed into a water or air stream, and then deposited onto a screen through which the fiber-laden air or water is passed. The resulting layer, regardless of its method of production or composition, is then subjected to at least one of several types of bonding operations to anchor the individual fibers together to form a self-sustaining web
• the nonwoven layer can be prepared by a variety of processes including, but not limited to, air- entanglement, hydroentanglement, thermal bonding, and combinations of these processes
• Nonwovens made from synthetic materials useful in the present invention can be obtained from a wide variety of commercial sources
• suitable nonwoven layer materials useful herein include HEF 40-047, an apertured hydroentangled material containing about 50% rayon and 50% polyester, and having a basis weight of
• Novonet® 149-616 a thermo-bonded grid patterned material containing about 100% polypropylene, and having a basis weight of about 60 gsm available from Veratec, Inc , Walpole, MA, Novonet® 149-801 , a thermo-bonded grid patterned material containing about 69% rayon, about 25% polypropylene, and about 6% cotton, and having a basis weight of about 90 gsm, available from Veratec, Inc Walpole, MA, Novonet® 149-191, a thermo-bonded grid patterned material containing about 69% rayon, about 25% polypropylene, and about 6% cotton, and having a basis weight of about 120 gsm, available from Veratec,
• Keybak® 951V a dry formed apertured material, containing about 75% rayon, about 25% acrylic fibers, and having a basis weight of about 51 gsm, available from Chicopee, New Brunswick, NJ, Keybak® 1368, an apertured material, containing about 75% rayon, about 25% polyester, and having a basis weight of about 47 gsm, available from Chicopee, New Brunswick, NJ, Duralace® 1236, an apertured, hydroentangled material, containing about 100% rayon, and having a basis weight from about 48 gsm to about 138 gsm, available from Chicopee, New Brunswick, NJ, Duralace® 5904, an apertured, hydroentangled mate ⁇ al, containing about 100% polyester, and having a basis weight from about 48 gsm to about 138 gsm, available from Chicopee, New Brunswick, NJ, Chicopee® 5763, a carded hydroapertured material (8x6 apertures per inch, 3X2 apertures per cm),
• the nonwoven layer may also be a polymeric mesh sponge as described in European Patent
• Such polymeric mesh sponges comprise a plurality of plies of an extruded tubular netting mesh prepared from nylon or a strong flexible polymer, such as addition polymers of olefin monomers and polyamides of polycarboxyhc acids
• the nonwoven layer may also comprise formed films and composite materials, l e , multiply materials containing formed films
• such formed films comprise plastics which tend to be soft to the skin
• Suitable soft plastic formed films include, but are not limited to, polyolefins such as low density polyethylenes (LDPE)
• LDPE low density polyethylenes
• the nonwoven layer it is preferred that the nonwoven layer be apertured, e g , macroapertured or microapertured, such that the layer is fluid permeable
• the nonwoven layer comprises a plastic formed film which is only microapertured
• the surface aberrations of the microapertures, I e the male side, are preferably located on the interior surface of the second layer and preferably face toward the inside of the substrate, I e , toward the therapeutic benefit component In certain embodiments which include apertures having petal-like edged surface aberrations, without being limited by theory, it is believed that when the surface aberrations of the apertures face toward the therapeutic benefit component, the application of pressure
• the nonwoven layer comprises a plastic formed film which is both microapertured and macroapertured
• the nonwoven layer is well-suited to contact the area to be therapeutically treated given the cloth-like feel of such microapertured films
• the surface aberrations of the microapertures face opposite of the surface aberrations of the macroapertures on the nonwoven layer
• the macroapertures maximize the overall wetting/lathering of the article by the three-dimensional thickness formed from the surface aberrations which are under constant compression and decompression during the use of the article thereby creating lathering bellows
• the nonwoven layer comprising a formed film preferably has at least about 100 apertures/cm 2 , more preferably at least 500 apertures/cm 2 , even still more preferably at least about 1000 apertures/cm 2 , and most preferably at least about 1500 apertures/cm 2 of the substrate More preferred embodiments of the present invention include a non
• Suitable formed films and formed film-containing composite materials useful in the nonwoven layer of the present invention include, but are not limited to, those disclosed in U S Patent No 4,342,314 issued to Radel et al on August 3, 1982, commonly assigned co-pending application U S Serial No 08/326,571 and PCT Application No US95/07435, filed June 12, 1995 and published January 11, 1996, and U S Patent No 4,629,643, issued to Curro et al on December 16, 1986, each of which is inco ⁇ orated by reference herein in its entirety
• the nonwoven layer may be a formed film composite mate ⁇ al comprising at least one formed film and at least one nonwoven wherein the layer is vacuum formed
• a suitable formed film composite material includes, but is not limited to, a vacuum laminated composite formed film mate ⁇ al formed by combining a carded polypropylene nonwoven having a basis weight of 30 gsm with a formed film
• the nonwoven layer and any additional layers are preferably bonded to one another in order to maintain the integrity of the article
• This bonding may consist of spot bonding (e g , hot point bonding), continuous joining (e g , laminated, etc ) in a discontinuous pattern, or by bonding at the external edges (or periphery) of the layers and/or at discrete loci or combinations thereof
• spot bonding it is preferred that the spot bonds are separated by a distance of not less than about 1 cm
• the bonding may be arranged such that geometric shapes and patterns, e g diamonds, circles, squares, etc , are created on the exterior surfaces of the layers and the resulting article
• the nonwoven layer and any additional layers may be surface modified to form single composite layer having 2 sides with different textures
• the water insoluble substrate can be construed as comprising a single composite layer with dual textured sides or surfaces
• the bonded area present between the nonwoven layer and any additional layers be not greater than about 50% of the total surface area of the layers, preferably not greater than about 15%, more preferably not greater than about 10%, and most preferably not greater than about 8%
• the articles of the present invention comprise substrates and therefore layers which are soft to the skin
• differing texture substrates can result from the use of different combinations of materials or from the use of different manufacturing processes or a combination thereof
• a dual textured water insoluble substrate can be made to provide a personal care article with the advantage of having a more abrasive side for exfoliation and a softer, absorbent side for gentle cleansing and/or therapeutic treatment
• the separate layers of the substrate can be manufactured to have different colors, thereby helping the user to further distinguish the surfaces
• each of the layers of the articles as well as the articles themselves may be made into a wide variety of shapes and forms including flat pads, thick pads, thin sheets, ball-shaped implements, irregularly shaped implements
• the exact size of the layers will depend upon the desired use and characteristics of the article and may range in surface area size from about a square inch to about hundreds of square inches
• Especially convenient layer and article shapes include, but are not limited to, square, circular, rectangular, hourglass, mitt-type or oval shapes having a surface area of from about 5 in 2 to about 200 in 2 , preferably from about 6 in 2 to about 120 in 2 , and more preferably from about 15 in 2 to about 100 in 2 , and a thickness of from about 0 5 mm to about 50 mm, preferably from about 1 mm to about 25 mm, and more preferably from about 2 mm to about 20 mm
• the Abrasiveness Value indicates the "non-scouring" property of the nonwoven layers of the present articles
• the nonwoven layers of the present invention are mildly exfoliating but are not rough to the skin Therefore, the Abrasiveness Value determination involves rubbing the substrate along a test surface using a mechanical device and then examining the resulting scratch marks produced on the test surface using different analysis techniques
• the strips are analyzed
• the strips are placed on a black construction paper background and at least 5 samples of the same substrate are analyzed to get a reproducible average
• the Glossmeter is placed orthogonally (such that light beam is at right angles to scratches) and centrally over scratched side of the polystyrene strip A 20° angle is selected and the sample is measured yielding the Abrasiveness Value As the Abrasiveness Value decreases the scratchiness or scouring property of a substrate increases THERAPEUTIC BENEFIT COMPONENT
• the articles of the present invention further comprise a safe and effective amount of a therapeutic benefit component
• the benefit component is disposed adjacent to the water insoluble substrate and comprises from about 10% to about 1000%, by weight of the water insoluble substrate, of a therapeutic benefit composition
• the benefit composition further comprises a safe and effective amount of an anionic polymer and a safe and effective amount of a cationic surfactant wherein said composition forms a coacervate when the article is exposed to water Anionic Polymer
• the articles of the present invention comprise a safe and effective amount of an anionic polymer
• Suitable amomc polymers may be selected from the group consisting of polyacrylic acid polymers, polyacrylamide polymers, copolymers of acrylic acid, acrylamide, and other natural or synthetic polymers (e g , polystyrene, polybutene, polyurethane, etc ), naturally derived gums, and combinations thereof Suitable gums include alginates (e g , propylene glycol alginate), pectins, chitosans (e g , chitosan lactate), and modified gums (e g , starch octenyl succinate), and combinations thereof
• Preferred anionic polymers are selected from the group consisting of polyacrylic acid polymers, polyacrylamide polymers, copolymers of acrylic acid, chitosans, alginates, pectins, and combinations thereof
• Preferred articles of the present invention comprise from about 0 01% to about 20%, more preferably from about 0 05% to about 10%, and most preferably from about 0 1% to about 5%, by weight of the coacervate-forming composition, of the anionic polymer Cationic Surfactants
• the articles of the present invention comprise a safe and effective amount of a cationic surfactant
• the articles comprise from about 10% to about 1,000%, preferably from about 50% to about 600%, and more preferably from about 100% to about 250%, based on the weight of the water insoluble substrate, of the surfactant
• the cationic surfactant is a lathering surfactant
• Suitable cationic lathering surfactants include, but are not limited to, fatty amines, di-fatty quaternary amines, t ⁇ -fatty quaternary amines, lmidazohnium quaternary amines, and combinations thereof
• Suitable fatty amines include monalkyl quaternary amines such as cetylt ⁇ methylammonium bromide
• a suitable quaternary amme is dialklamidoethyl hydroxyethylmonium methosulfate
• the fatty amines are preferred It is preferred that a lather booster is used when the
• cationic surfactants are typically categorized as non-lathering surfactants but may be used in the articles of the present invention provided they do not negatively impact the desired benefits of the articles
• Nonhmiting examples of cationic surfactants useful herein are disclosed m McCutcheon's, Detergents and Emulsifiers, North American edition (1986), published by allured Publishing Co ⁇ oration, and McCutcheon's, Functional Materials, North American Edition (1992), both of which are inco ⁇ orated by reference herein in their entirety
• Nonhmiting examples of cationic surfactants useful herein include cationic alkyl ammonium salts such as those having the formula wherein R , is selected from an alkyl group having from about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms, or aromatic, 1 aryl or alkaryl groups having from about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms, R , R , and R are independently
• alkyl groups can also contain ether linkages, or hydroxy or amino group substituents (e g , the alkyl groups can contain polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol moieties)
• R j is an alkyl group having from about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms
• R is selected from H or an alkyl group having from about 1 to about 18 carbon atoms
• R3 and R4 are independently selected from H or an alkyl group having from about 1 to about 3 carbon atoms
• X is as described in the previous paragraph
• R j is an alkyl group having from about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms
• R2, R3, and R4 are selected from H or an alkyl group having from about 1 to about 3 carbon atoms
• X is as described previously
• R j is alternatively R5CO-(CH2) n -, wherein R5 is an alkyl group having from about 12 to about 22 carbon atoms, and n is an integer from about 2 to about 6, more preferably from about 2 to about 4, and most preferably from about 2 to about 3
• Nonhmiting examples of these cationic emulsifiers include stearamidopropyl PG-dimonium chloride phosphate, stearamidopropyl ethyldimonium ethosulfate, stearamidopropyl dimethyl (my ⁇ styl acetate) ammonium chloride, stearamidopropyl dimethyl cetearyl ammonium tosylate, stearamidopropyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, stearamidopropyl dimethyl ammonium lactate, and mixtures thereof
• Nonhmiting examples of quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactants include those selected from the group consisting of cetyl ammonium chloride, cetyl ammonium bromide, lauryl ammonium chloride, lauryl ammonium bromide, stearyl ammonium chloride, stearyl ammonium bromide, cetyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, cetyl dimethyl ammonium bromide, lauryl dimethyl ammonium chloride, lauryl dimethyl ammonium bromide, stearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, stearyl dimethyl ammonium bromide, cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, lauryl trimethyl ammonium chloride, lauryl trimethyl ammonium bromide, stearyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, lauryl trimethyl ammonium bromide, stearyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, lauryl trimethyl ammonium chloride,
• Preferred cationic surfactants useful herein include those selected from the group consisting of dilauryl dimethyl ammonium chloride, distearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, dimy ⁇ styl dimethyl ammonium chloride, dipalmityl dimethyl ammonium chloride, distearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, and mixtures thereof
• anionic polymer and cationic surfactant coexist in the form of a coacervate when exposed to an aqueous medium
• coacervate means an associative phase separation of oppositely charged polymer and surfactant or polymer and polymer caused by product dilution The result is an aqueous gel-like material which is formed, the coacervate Once formed, the coacervates alone in the present compositions may improve the appearance of dry skin once applied Furthermore, such coacervates may also serve as mechanisms for deposition of therapeutic benefit agents thereby facilitating the substantivity of such agents to the
• conditioning agents to substrates employ processes and/or product rheologies unsuitable for the pu ⁇ oses of the present invention. For example, a process to dip the substrate web in a fluid bath of conditioning agent and then squeeze the substrate web through metering rolls, so called “dip and nip" processing, applies conditioning agent through the entire substrate and therefore does not afford opportunity for effective direct transfer of the composition off the cloth and onto another surface during use. Furthermore, many of the articles of the present invention utilize sufficient loadings of conditioning agent onto substrates to provide an effective whole body benefit, usually requiring about 100-200% loading rates based on the weight of the dry substrate.
• a BioRad FTS-7 spectrometer manufactured by Bio Rad Labs, Digital Laboratory Division, located in Cambridge, MA, is used to collect the infrared spectra. Typically, the measurements consist of 100 scans at 4 cm "1 resolution.
• the collection optics consist of a flat 60 deg ZnSe ATR crystal, manufactured by Graseby Specac, Inc., located in Fairfield, CT. Data is collected at 25°C and analyzed using Grams 386 software, distributed by Galactic Industries Co ⁇ ., located in Salem, NH. Prior to measurement the crystal is cleaned with a suitable solvent. The sample is placed onto the ATR crystal and held under constant 4 kilogram weight.
• step 3 Select the substrate peak from the spectra determined in step 3 which occurs at a wavenumber determined in step 2, but which does not correspond to one of the primary benefit agent peaks selected in step 3 Record the wavenumber selected and the absorbance from the absorbance spectrum in step 3
• the articles of the present invention are considered to be “substantially dry”
• “substantially dry” means that the articles of the present invention exhibit a Moisture Retention of less than about 0 95 gms, preferably less than about 0 75 gms, even more preferably, less than about 0 5 gms, even more preferably less than about 0 25 gms, even still more preferably less than about 0 15 gms, and most preferably, less than about 0 1 gms
• the Moisture Retention is indicative of the dry feel that users perceive upon touching the articles of the present invention as opposed to the feel of "wet" wipes
• the articles of the present invention may also be packaged individually or with additional articles suitable for providing separate benefits not provided by the primary article, e g , aesthetic, therapeutic, functional, or otherwise, thereby forming a personal care kit
• the additional article of this personal care kit preferably comprises a water insoluble substrate comprising at least one layer and either a cleansing component containing a lathering surfactant or a therapeutic benefit component disposed onto or impregnated into that layer of the substrate of the additional article
• the additional article of the present invention may also serve a functional benefit in addition to or in lieu of a therapeutic or aesthetic benefit
• the additional article may be useful as a drying implement suitable for use to aid in the removal of water from the skin or hair upon completion of a showering or bathing experience
• the articles of the present invention may also comprise one or more chambers Such chambers or compartments result from the connection (e g , bonding) of the substrate layers to one another at various loci to define enclosed areas
• These chambers are useful, e g , for separating various article components from one another, e g , the surfactant-containing cleansing component from a conditioning agent
• the separated article components which provide a therapeutic or aesthetic or cleansing benefit may be released from the chambers in a variety of ways including, but not limited to, solubihzation, emulsification, mechanical transfer, puncturing, popping, bursting, squeezing of the chamber or even peeling away a substrate layer which composes a portion of the chamber
• OPTIONAL COMPONENTS The articles of the present invention may contain a variety of other components such as are conventionally used in a given product type provided that they do not unacceptably alter the benefits of the invention These optional components should be suitable for application to human skin and hair, that is, when inco ⁇ orated into the article they are suitable
• the articles of the present invention may include carrier components such as are known in the art Such carriers can include one or more compatible liquid or solid filler diluents or vehicles which are suitable for application to skin or hair
• the articles of the present invention may optionally contain one or more of such optional components
• Preferred articles optionally contain a safe and effective amount of therapeutic benefit component comprising a therapeutic benefit agent selected from the group consisting of v itamin compounds, skin treating agents, anti-acne actives, anti-wrinkle actives, anti-skin atrophy actives, anti- lnflammatory actives, topical anesthetics, artificial tanning actives and accelerators, anti-microbial actives, anti-fungal actives, anti-viral agents, enzymes, sunscreen actives, anti-oxidants, skin exfoliating agents, and combinations thereof
• a safe and effective amount means an amount of a compound or component sufficient to significantly induce a positive effect or benefit, but low enough to avoid serious side effects, (e g , undue toxicity or allergic reaction), I e , to provide a reasonable benefit to risk ratio, within the scope of sound medical judgment
• the optional components useful herein can be categorized by their therapeutic or aesthetic benefit or their postulated mode of action
• the personal care compositions of the present invention nay optionally comprise a safe and effective amount of cationic polymer
• the cationic polymer may be selected from the group consisting of natural backbone quaternary ammonium polymers, synthetic backbone quaternary ammonium polymers, natural backbone amphote ⁇ c type polymers, synthetic backbone amphote ⁇ c type polymers, and combinations thereof
• the cationic polymer is selected from the group consisting of natural backbone quaternary ammonium polymers selected from the group consisting of Polyquatern ⁇ um-4, Polyquaternium- 10, Polyquatern ⁇ um-24, PG-hydroxyethylcellulose alkyldimonium chlorides, guar hydroxypropylt ⁇ monium chloride, hydroxypropylguar hydroxypropylt ⁇ monium chloride, and combinations thereof, synthetic backbone quaternary ammonium polymers selected from the group consisting of Polyquatern ⁇ um-2, Polyquatermum-6, Polyquater ⁇ num-7, Polyquaternium- 1 1 , Polyquaternium- 16, Polyquatern ⁇ um-17, Polyquatern ⁇ um-18, Polyquatern ⁇ um-28, Polyquatern ⁇ um-32, Polyquatern ⁇ um-37, Polyquatern ⁇ um-43, Polyquatern ⁇ um-44, Polyquatern ⁇ um-46, polymethacylamidopropyl tnmomum chlonde, acryl
• the cationic polyamine polymer be selected from the group consisting of polyethyleneimines, polyvinylamines, polypropyleneimines, polylysmes and combinations thereof Even more preferably, the cationic polyamine polymer is a polyethyleneimine In certain embodiments in which the cationic polymer is a polyamine, the polyamine may be hydrophobically or hydrophihcally modified In this instance, the cationic polyamine polymer is selected from the group consisting of benzylated polyamines, ethoxylated polyamines, propoxylated polyamines, alkylated polyamines, amidated polyamines, esterified polyamines and combinations thereof.
• the coacervate-forming composition comprises from about 0.01% to about 20%, more preferably from about 0.05% to about 10%, and most preferably from about 0.1% to about 5%, by weight of the coacervate- forming composition, of the cationic polymer.
• compositions of the present invention preferably contain 0.01% to about 20%, more preferably from about 0.05% to about 10%, and most preferably from about 0.1% to about 5%, by weight of the composition, of the cationic polymer.
• Hydrophobic Conditioning Agents preferably contain 0.01% to about 20%, more preferably from about 0.05% to about 10%, and most preferably from about 0.1% to about 5%, by weight of the composition, of the cationic polymer.
• the articles of the present invention may comprise one or more hydrophobic conditioning agents which are useful for providing a conditioning benefit to the skin or hair during the use of the article.
• the articles of present invention preferably comprise from about 0.5% to about 1,000%, more preferably from about 1% to about 200%, and most preferably from about 10% to about 100%, by weight of the water insoluble substrate, of a hydrophobic conditioning agent.
• the hydrophobic conditioning agent may be selected from one or more hydrophobic conditioning agents such that the weighted arithmetic mean solubility parameter of the hydrophobic conditioning agent is less than or equal to 10.5. It is recognized, based on this mathematical definition of solubility parameters, that it is possible, for example, to achieve the required weighted arithmetic mean solubility parameter, i.e., less than or equal to 10.5, for a hydrophobic conditioning agent comprising two or more compounds if one of the compounds has an individual solubility parameter greater than 10.5.
• Solubility parameters are well known to the formulation chemist of ordinary skill in the art and are routinely used as a guide for determining compatibility's and solubilities of materials in the formulation process.
• solubility parameter of a chemical compound is defined as the square root of the cohesive energy density for that compound.
• a solubility parameter for a compound is calculated from tabulated values of the additive group contributions for the heat of vaporization and molar volume of the components of that compound, using the following equation:
• ⁇ m the sum of the molar volume additive group contributions i i Standard tabulations of heat of vaporization and molar volume additive group contributions for a wide variety of atoms and groups of atoms are collected in Barton, A F M Handbook of Solubility Parameters, CRC Press, Chapter 6, Table 3, pp 64-66 (1985), which is inco ⁇ orated by reference herein in its entirety
• the above solubility parameter equation is described in Fedors, R F , "A Method for Estimating Both the Solubility Parameters and Molar Volumes of Liquids", Polymer Engineering and Science, vol 14, no 2, pp 147-154 (February 1974), which is inco ⁇ orated by reference herein in its entirety
• Solubility parameters obey the law of mixtures such that the solubility parameter for a mixture of materials is given by the weighted arithmetic mean (I e the weighted average) of the solubility parameters for each component of that mixture See. Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 57th edition, CRC Press, p C-726 (1976-1977), which is inco ⁇ orated by reference herein in its entirety
• Formulation chemists typically report and use solubility parameters in units of (cal/cm ⁇ ) ⁇
• the tabulated values of additive group contributions for heat of vaporization in the Handbook of Solubility Parameters are reported in units of kJ/mol
• Nonhmiting examples of hydrophobic conditioning agents include those selected from the group consisting of mineral oil, petrolatum, lecithin, hydrogenated lecithin, lanolin, lanolin derivatives, C7-C40 branched chain hydrocarbons, C1-C30 alcohol esters of C1-C30 carboxylic acids, C1-C30 alcohol esters of
• C2-C30 dicarboxyhc acids monoglycerides of C1 -C30 carboxylic acids, diglyce ⁇ des of C1-C30 carboxylic acids, t ⁇ glyce ⁇ des of C1-C30 carboxylic acids, ethylene glycol monoesters of C1-C30 carboxylic acids, ethylene glycol diesters of C1-C30 carboxylic acids, propylene glycol monoesters of Cl-
• C30 carboxylic acids propylene glycol diesters of C1-C30 carboxylic acids, C1-C30 carboxylic acid monoesters and polyesters of sugars, polydialkylsiloxanes, polydiarylsiloxanes, polyalkarylsiloxanes, cylcomethicones having 3 to 9 silicon atoms, vegetable oils, hydrogenated vegetable oils, polypropylene glycol C4-C20 alkyl ethers, di C8-C30 alkyl ethers, and combinations thereof
• Mineral oil which is also known as petrolatum liquid, is a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum
• petrolatum liquid is a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum
• Petrolatum which is also known as petroleum jelly
• Lecithin is also useful as a hydrophobic conditioning agent. It is a naturally occurring mixture of the diglycerides of certain fatty acids, linked to the choline ester of phosphoric acid.
• Straight and branched chain hydrocarbons having from about 7 to about 40 carbon atoms are useful herein.
• Nonhmiting examples of these hydrocarbon materials include dodecane, isododecane, squalane, cholesterol, hydrogenated polyisobutylene, docosane (i.e. a C22 hydrocarbon), hexadecane, isohexadecane (a commercially available hydrocarbon sold as Permethyl® 101 A by Presperse, South Plainfield, NJ).
• C7-C40 isoparaffins which are C7-C40 branched hydrocarbons.
• Polydecene a branched liquid hydrocarbon
• Polydecene is also useful herein and is commercially available under the tradenames Puresyn 100® and Puresyn 3000® from Mobile Chemical (Edison, NJ).
• C1-C30 alcohol esters of C1-C30 carboxylic acids and of C2-C30 dicarboxylic acids including straight and branched chain materials as well as aromatic derivatives.
• esters such as monoglycerides of C1-C30 carboxylic acids, diglycerides of C1-C30 carboxylic acids, triglycerides of C1-C30 carboxylic acids, ethylene glycol monoesters of C1-C30 carboxylic acids, ethylene glycol diesters of C1-C30 carboxylic acids, propylene glycol monoesters of C1-C30 carboxylic acids, and propylene glycol diesters of C1-C30 carboxylic acids.
• Straight chain, branched chain and aryl carboxylic acids are included herein.
• propoxylated and ethoxylated derivatives of these materials are included herein.
• Nonhmiting examples include diisopropyl sebacate, diisopropyl adipate, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, myristyl propionate, ethylene glycol distearate, 2-ethylhexyl palmitate, isodecyl neopentanoate, di-2-ethylhexyl maleate, cetyl palmitate, myristyl myristate, stearyl stearate, cetyl stearate, behenyl behenrate, dioctyl maleate, dioctyl sebacate, diisopropyl adipate, cetyl octanoate, diisopropyl dilinoleate, ca ⁇ ylic/capric triglyceride, PEG-6 caprylic/capric triglyceride, PEG-8 caprylic/capric triglyceride, and combinations thereof.
• esters are derived from a sugar or polyol moiety and one or more carboxylic acid moieties. Depending on the constituent acid and sugar, these esters can be in either liquid or solid form at room temperature.
• liquid esters include: glucose tetraoleate, the glucose tetraesters of soybean oil fatty acids (unsaturated), the mannose tetraesters of mixed soybean oil fatty acids, the galactose tetraesters of oleic acid, the arabinose tetraesters of linoleic acid, xylose tetralinoleate, galactose pentaoleate, sorbitol tetraoleate, the sorbitol hexaesters of unsaturated soybean oil fatty acids, xylitol pentaoleate, sucrose tetraoleate, sucrose pentaoletate, sucrose hexaoleate, sucrose hepatoleate, sucrose octaoleate, and mixtures thereof.
• solid esters include: sorbitol hexaester in which the carboxylic acid ester moieties are palmitoleate and arachidate in a 1 :2 molar ratio; the octaester of raffinose in which the carboxylic acid ester moieties are linoleate and behenate in a 1 :3 molar ratio; the heptaester of maltose wherein the esterifying carboxylic acid moieties are sunflower seed oil fatty acids and lignocerate in a 3:4 molar ratio; the octaester of sucrose wherein the esterifying carboxylic acid moieties are oleate and behenate in a 2:6 molar ratio; and the octaester of sucrose wherein the esterifying carboxylic acid moieties are laurate, linoleate and behenate in a 1 :3:4 molar ratio.
• a preferred solid material is sucrose polyester in which the degree of esterification is 7-8, and in which the fatty acid moieties are C18 mono- and/or di-unsaturated and behenic, in a molar ratio of unsaturates: behenic of 1 :7 to 3:5.
• a particularly preferred solid sugar polyester is the octaester of sucrose in which there are about 7 behenic fatty acid moieties and about 1 oleic acid moiety in the molecule.
• Other materials include cottonseed oil or soybean oil fatty acid esters of sucrose. The ester materials are further described in, U. S. Patent No. 2,831 ,854, U. S. Patent No. 4,005,196, to Jandacek, issued January 25, 1977; U. S.
• Nonvolatile silicones such as polydialkylsiloxanes, polydiarylsiloxanes, and polyalkarylsiloxanes are also useful oils. These silicones are disclosed in U. S. Patent No. 5,069,897, to Orr, issued December 3, 1991 , which is inco ⁇ orated by reference herein in its entirely.
• the polyalkylsiloxanes correspond to the general chemical formula R3SiO[R2SiO] x SiR3 wherein R is an alkyl group (preferably R is methyl or ethyl, more preferably methyl) and x is an integer up to about 500, chosen to achieve the desired molecular weight.
• Commercially available polyalkylsiloxanes include the polydimethylsiloxanes, which are also known as dimethicones, nonhmiting examples of which include the Vicasil® series sold by General
• polydimethylsiloxanes useful herein include Dow Corning® 225 fluid having a viscosity of
• R 3 SiO[R 2 SiO] x SiR OH and HOR 2 SiO[R 2 SiO] ⁇ SiR 2 OH wherein R is an alkyl group (preferably R is methyl or ethyl, more preferably methyl) and x is an integer up to about 500, chosen to achieve the desired molecular weight.
• R is an alkyl group (preferably R is methyl or ethyl, more preferably methyl) and x is an integer up to about 500, chosen to achieve the desired molecular weight.
• dimethiconols are typically sold as mixtures with dimethicone or cyclomethicone (e.g. Dow Corning® 1401 , 1402, and 1403 fluids).
• polyalkylaryl siloxanes with polymethylphenyl siloxanes having viscosities from about 15 to about 65 centistokes at 25°C being preferred.
• Alkylated silicones such as methyldecyl silicone and methyloctyl silicone are useful herein and are commercially available from General Electric Company.
• alkyl modified siloxanes such as alkyl methicones and alkyl dimethicones wherein the alkyl chain contains 10 to 50 carbons.
• siloxanes are commercially available under the tradenames ABIL WAX 9810 (C 24 -C 28 alkyl methicone) (sold by Goldschmidt) and SF1632 (cetearyl methicone)(sold by General Electric Company).
• Vegetable oils and hydrogenated vegetable oils are also useful herein.
• examples of vegetable oils and hydrogenated vegetable oils include safflower oil, castor oil, coconut oil, cottonseed oil, menhaden oil, palm kernel oil, palm oil, peanut oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, linseed oil, rice bran oil, pine oil, sesame oil, sunflower seed oil, hydrogenated safflower oil, hydrogenated castor oil, hydrogenated coconut oil, hydrogenated cottonseed oil, hydrogenated menhaden oil, hydrogenated palm kernel oil, hydrogenated palm oil, hydrogenated peanut oil, hydrogenated soybean oil, hydrogenated rapeseed oil, hydrogenated linseed oil, hydrogenated rice bran oil, hydrogenated sesame oil, hydrogenated sunflower seed oil, and mixtures thereof.
• C4-C20 alkyl ethers of polypropylene glycols C1-C20 carboxylic acid esters of polypropylene glycols, and di-C8-C30 alkyl ethers.
• Nonhmiting examples of these materials include PPG- 14 butyl ether, PPG- 15 stearyl ether, dioctyl ether, dodecyl octyl ether, and mixtures thereof.
• Hydrophobic chelating agents are also useful herein as hydrophobic conditioning agents. Suitable agents are described in U. S. Patent No. 4,387,244, issued to Scanlon et al. on June 7, 1983, and copending U. S. Patent Application Serial Nos. 09/258,747 and 09/259,485, filed in the names of Schwartz et al. on February 26, 1999. Hydrophilic Conditioning Agents
• the articles of the present invention may optionally comprise one or more hydrophilic conditioning agents.
• hydrophilic conditioning agents include those selected from the group consisting of polyhydric alcohols, polypropylene glycols, polyethylene glycols, ureas, pyrolidone carboxylic acids, ethoxylated and/or propoxylated C3-C6 diols and triols, alpha-hydroxy C2-C6 carboxylic acids, ethoxylated and/or propoxylated sugars, polyacrylic acid copolymers, sugars having up to about 12 carbons atoms, sugar alcohols having up to about 12 carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof.
• hydrophilic conditioning agents include materials such as urea; guanidine; glycolic acid and glycolate salts (e.g., ammonium and quaternary alkyl ammonium); lactic acid and lactate salts (e.g., ammonium and quaternary alkyl ammonium); sucrose, fructose, glucose, eruthrose, erythritol, sorbitol, mannitol, glycerol, hexanetriol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol, and the like; polyethylene glycols such as PEG-2, PEG-3, PEG-30, PEG-50, polypropylene glycols such as PPG-9, PPG- 12, PPG- 15, PPG- 17, PPG-20, PPG-26, PPG-30, PPG-34; alkoxylated glucose; hyaluronic acid; cationic skin conditioning polymers (e.g., quaternary ammonium poly
• Glycerol in particular, is a preferred hydrophilic conditioning agent in the articles of the present invention.
• materials such as aloe vera in any of its variety of forms (e.g., aloe vera gel), chitosan and chitosan derivatives, e.g., chitosan lactate, lactamide monoethanolamine; acetamide monoethanolamine; and mixtures thereof.
• propoxylated glycerols as described in propoxylated glycerols described in U. S. Patent No. 4,976,953, to Orr et al., issued December 11, 1990, which is inco ⁇ orated by reference herein in its entirety.
• the therapeutic benefit component may be made into a variety of forms.
• the therapeutic benefit component is in the form of an emulsion.
• oil-in- water, water-in-oil, water-in-oil-in-water, and oil-in-water-in-silicone emulsions are useful herein.
• water may refer not only to water but also water soluble or water miscible agents like glycerin.
• Preferred therapeutic benefit components comprise an emulsion, which further comprises an aqueous phase and an oil phase.
• a given component will distribute primarily into either the aqueous or oil phase, depending on the water solubility/dispersibility of the therapeutic benefit agent in the component.
• the oil phase comprises one or more hydrophobic conditioning agents.
• the aqueous phase comprises one or more hydrophilic conditioning agents.
• Therapeutic benefit components of the present invention generally contain an aqueous phase and an oil or lipid phase.
• Suitable oils or lipids may be derived from animals, plants, or petroleum and may be natural or synthetic (i.e., man-made). Such oils are discussed above in the Hydrophobic Conditioning Agents section.
• Suitable aqueous phase components include the Hydrophilic Conditioning Agents, which are discussed above.
• Preferred emulsion forms include water-in-oil emulsions, water-in-silicone emulsions, and other inverse emulsions. Additionally, preferred emulsions also contain a hydrophilic conditioning agent such as glycerin such that a glycerin-in-oil emulsion results.
• Therapeutic benefit components in emulsion form will preferably further contain from about 1 % to about 10%, more preferably from about 2% to about 5%, of an emulsifier, based on the weight of therapeutic benefit component.
• Emulsifiers may be nonionic, anionic or cationic. Suitable emulsifiers are disclosed in, for example, U.S. Patent 3,755,560, issued August 28, 1973, Dickert et al.; U.S. Patent 4,421,769, issued December 20, 1983, Dixon et al.; and McCutcheon's Detergents and Emulsifiers. North American Edition, pages 317-324 (1986).
• Therapeutic benefit components in emulsion form may also contain an anti-foaming agent to minimize foaming upon application to the skin. Anti-foaming agents include high molecular weight silicones and other materials well known in the art for such use.
• microemulsion refers to thermodynamic stable mixtures of two immiscible solvents (one apolar and the other polar) stabilized by an amphiphihc molecule, a surfactant Preferred microemulsions include water- m-oil microemulsions Vitamin Compounds
• the present articles may comprise vitamin compounds, precursors, and derivatives thereof These vitamin compounds may be in either natural or synthetic form Suitable vitamin compounds include, but are not limited to, Vitamin A (e g , beta carotene, retinoic acid, retinol, retinoids, retinyl palmitate, retinyl prop ⁇ onate, etc ), Vitamin B (e g , niacin, niacinamide, ⁇ boflavin, pantothenic acid, etc ), Vitamin C (e g , ascorbic acid, etc ), Vitamin D (e g , ergosterol, ergocalciferol, cholecalciferol, etc ), Vitamin E (e g , tocopherol acetate, etc ), and Vitamin K (e g , phytonadione, menadione, phthiocol, etc ) compounds
• Vitamin A e g , beta carotene, retinoic acid, retino
• vitamin B3 compound means a compound having the formula
• R is - CONH2 (1 e , niacinamide), - COOH (1 e , nicotinic acid) or - CH2OH (1 e , mcotinyl alcohol), derivatives thereof, and salts of any of the foregoing
• Exemplary de ⁇ vatives of the foregoing vitamin B3 compounds include nicotinic acid esters, including non-vasodilating esters of nicotinic acid, mcotinyl amino acids, mcotinyl alcohol esters of carboxylic acids, nicotinic acid N-oxide and niacinamide N-oxide
• suitable vitamin B3 compounds are well known m the art and are commercially available from a number of sources, e g , the Sigma Chemical Company (St Louis, MO), ICN Biomedicals, Inc (Irvin, CA) and Aldrich Chemical Company (Milwaukee, WI)
• the vitamin compounds may be included as the substantially pure material, or as an extract obtained by suitable physical and/or chemical isolation from natural (e g , plant) sources Skm Treating Agents
• the articles of the present invention may contain one or more skin treating agents Suitable skin treating agents include those effective for preventing, retarding, arresting, and/or reversing skm wrinkles
• suitable skin treating agents include, but are not limited to, alpha-hydroxy acids such as lactic acid and glycolic acid and beta-hydroxy acids such as salicylic acid Anti-Acne Actives
• useful anti-acne actives for the articles of the present invention include, but are not limited to, the keratolytics such as salicylic acid (o-hydroxybenzoic acid), derivatives of salicylic acid such as 5-octanoyl salicylic acid, and resorcinol; retinoids such as retinoic acid and its derivatives (e.g., cis and trans); sulfur-containing D and L amino acids and their derivatives and salts, particularly their N-acetyl derivatives, a preferred example of which is N-acetyl-L-cysteine; lipoic acid; antibiotics and antimicrobials such as benzoyl peroxide, octopirox, tetracycline, 2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxy diphenyl ether, 3,4,4'- trichlorobanilide, azelaic acid and its derivatives, phenoxyethanol, phenoxypropanol, phenoxyisopropano
• anti-wrinkle and anti-skin atrophy actives useful for the articles of the present invention include, but are not limited to, retinoic acid and its derivatives (e.g., cis and trans); retinol; retinyl esters; niacinamide, salicylic acid and derivatives thereof; sulfur-containing D and L amino acids and their derivatives and salts, particularly the N-acetyl derivatives, a preferred example of which is N-acetyl-L- cysteine; thiols, e.g., ethane thiol; hydroxy acids, phytic acid, lipoic acid; lysophosphatidic acid, and skin peel agents (e.g., phenol and the like).
• retinoic acid and its derivatives e.g., cis and trans
• retinol retinyl esters
• niacinamide retinamide
• salicylic acid and derivatives thereof sulfur-containing D and L amino acids
• NSAIDS examples include acetyl salicylic acid, ibuprofen, naproxen, benoxaprofen, flurbiprofen, fenoprofen, fenbufen, ketoprofen, indoprofen, pi ⁇ rofen, ca ⁇ rofen, oxaprozin, pranoprofen, miroprofen, tioxaprofen, suprofen, alminoprofen, tiaprofenic acid, fluprofen and bucloxic acid.
• steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs including hydrocortisone and the like.
• Artificial Tanning Actives and Accelerators include, but are not limited to, benzocaine, lidocaine, bupivacaine, chlo ⁇ rocaine, dibucaine, etidocaine, mepivacaine, tetracaine, dyclonine, hexylcaine, procaine, cocaine, ketamine, pramoxine, phenol, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
• artificial tanning actives and accelerators useful for the articles of the present invention include, but are not limited to, dihydroxyacetaone, tyrosine, tyrosine esters such as ethyl tyrosinate, and phospho-DOPA.
• antimicrobial and antifungal actives useful for the articles of the present invention include, but are not limited to, ⁇ -lactam drugs, quinolone drugs, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, tetracycline, erythromycin, amikacin, 2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxy diphenyl ether, 3,4,4'-trichlorocarbanilide, phenoxyethanol, phenoxy propanol, phenoxyisopropanol, doxycycline, capreomycin, chlorhexidine, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, clindamycin, ethambutol, hexamidine isethionate, metronidazole, pentamidine, gentamicin, kanamycin, lineomycin, methacycline, methenamine, minocycline, neomycin, netilmicin, paromomycin, strepto
• the articles of the present invention may further comprise one or more anti-viral agents.
• Suitable anti-viral agents include, but are not limited to, metal salts (e.g., silver nitrate, copper sulfate, iron chloride, etc.) and organic acids (e.g., malic acid, salicylic acid, succinic acid, benzoic acid, etc.).
• metal salts e.g., silver nitrate, copper sulfate, iron chloride, etc.
• organic acids e.g., malic acid, salicylic acid, succinic acid, benzoic acid, etc.
• compositions which contain additional suitable anti-viral agents include those described in copending U. S. patent applications Serial Nos.
• the article of the present invention may optionally include one or more enzymes.
• enzymes are dermatologically acceptable. Suitable enzymes include, but are not limited to, keratinase, protease, amylase, subtilisin, etc..
• sunscreening actives are also useful herein.
• a wide variety of sunscreening agents are described in U.S. Patent No. 5,087,445, to Haffey et al., issued February 11, 1992; U.S. Patent No. 5,073,372, to Turner et al., issued December 17, 1991; U.S. Patent No. 5,073,371, to Turner et al. issued December 17, 1991; and Segarin, et al., at Chapter VIII, pages 189 et seq., of Cosmetics Science and Technology, all of which are inco ⁇ orated herein by reference in their entirety.
• Nonhmiting examples of sunscreens which are useful in the compositions of the present invention are those selected from the group consisting of 2- ethylhexyl /?-methoxycinnamate, 2-ethylhexyl N,N-dimethyl-/.-aminobenzoate, /?-aminobenzoic acid, 2- phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid, octocrylene, oxybenzone, homomenthyl salicylate, octyl salicylate, 4,4'-methoxy-t-butyldibenzoylmethane, 4-isopropyl dibenzoylmethane, 3-benzylidene camphor, 3-(4- methylbenzylidene) camphor, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, silica, iron oxide, and mixtures thereof.
• sunscreens include those selected from the group consisting of 4-N,N-(2-ethylhexyl)methylaminobenzoic acid ester of 2,4-dihydroxybenzo ⁇ henone, 4-N,N-(2-ethylhexyl)methylaminobenzoic acid ester with 4- hydroxydibenzoylmethane, 4-N.N- (2-ethylhexyl)-methylaminobenzoic acid ester of 2-hydroxy-4-(2- hydroxyethoxy)benzophenone, 4-N,N-(2-ethylhexyl)-methylaminobenzoic acid ester of 4-(2- hydroxyethoxy)dibenzoylmethane, and mixtures thereof.
• SPF Sun Protection Factor
• Hydrocolloids are well known in the art and are helpful in extending the useful life of the surfactants contained in the cleansing component of the present invention such that the articles may last throughout at least one entire showering or bathing experience.
• Suitable hydrocolloids include, but are not limited to, xanthan gum, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxylpropyl cellulose, methyl and ethyl cellulose, natural gums, gudras guar gum, bean gum, natural starches, deionitized starches (e.g., starch octenyl succinate) and the like.
• Exothermic Zeolites include, but are not limited to, xanthan gum, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxylpropyl cellulose, methyl and ethyl cellulose, natural gums, gudras guar gum, bean gum, natural starches, deionitized starches (e.g., starch octenyl
• the articles of the present invention may optionally comprise structured conditioning agents.
• Suitable structured conditioning agents include, but are not limited to, vesicular structures such as ceramides, liposomes, and the like.
• Hydrogel Forming Polymeric Gelling Agents In certain embodiments of the present invention, the articles may optionally comprise an aqueous gel, i.e., a "hydrogel", formed from a hydrogel forming polymeric gelling agent and water. More specifically, the hydrogel is contained within the cleansing component or the therapeutic benefit component of the article.
• the articles preferably comprise from about 0.1% to about 100%, by weight of the water insoluble substrate, more preferably from about 3% to about 50%, and most preferably from about 5% to about 35%, of a hydrogel forming polymeric gelling agent, calculated based on the dry weight of the hydrogel forming polymeric gelling agent.
• the hydrogel forming polymeric gelling agent materials of the present invention are at least partially crosslinked polymers prepared from polyme ⁇ zable, unsaturated acid-containing monomers which are water-soluble or become water-soluble upon hydrolysis
• monoethylemcally unsaturated compounds having at least one hydrophilic radical including (but not limited to) olefinically unsaturated acids and anhydrides which contain at least one carbon-carbon olefinic double bond
• water-soluble means that the monomer is soluble in deionized water at 25°C at a level of at least 0 2%, preferably at least 1 0%
• monome ⁇ c units as described above will generally constitute from about 25 mole percent to 99 99 mole percent, more preferably from about 50 mole percent to 99 99 mole percent, most preferably at least about 75 mole percent of the polymeric gelling agent material (dry polymer weight basis), of acid-containing monomers
• the hydrogel forming polymeric gelling agent herein is partially crosslinked to a sufficient degree preferably that is high enough such that the resulting polymer does not exhibit a glass transition temperature (Tg) below about 140 C C, and accordingly, the term "hydrogel forming polymeric gelling agent,” as used herein, shall mean polymers meeting this parameter
• the hydrogel forming polymeric gelling agent does not have a Tg below about 180°C, and more preferably does not have a Tg prior to decomposition of the polymer, at temperatures of about 300°C or higher
• the Tg can be determined by differential scanning calo ⁇ metry (DSC) conducted at a heating rate of 20 0 C°/m ⁇ nute with 5 mg or smaller samples
• the Tg is calculated as the midpoint between the onset and endset of heat flow change corresponding to the glass transition on the DSC heat capacity heating curve
• DSC differential scanning calo ⁇ metry
• the hydrogel forming polymeric material is characterized as highly absorbent and able to retain water in its absorbed or "gel” state
• Preferred hydrogel forming polymeric gelling agent hereof will be able to absorb at least about 40 g water (deionized) per gram of gelling agent, preferably at least about 60 g/g, more preferably at least about 80 g/g
• Abso ⁇ tive Capacity herein can be determined according to the procedure m the Abso ⁇ tive Capacity "Tea Bag” test described above
• Suitable cross-linking agents are well know in the art and include, for example, (1) compounds having at least two polyme ⁇ zable double bonds, (2) compounds having at least one polyme ⁇ zable double bond and at least one functional group reactive with the acid-containmg monomer material, (3) compounds having at least two functional groups reactive with the acid-containing monomer material, and (4) polyvalent metal compounds which can form ionic cross-linkages
• Cross-linking agents having at least two polyme ⁇ zable double bonds include (I) di- or polyvinyl compounds such as divinylbenzene and divinyltoluene, (n) di- or poly-esters of unsaturated mono- or poly- carboxyhc acids with polyols including, for example, di- or t ⁇ acrylic acid esters of polyols such as ethylene glycol, trimethylol propane, glycerine, or polyoxyethylene glycols; (iii) bisacryl
• Cross-linking agents having at least one polymerizable double bond and at least one functional group reactive with the acid-containing monomer material include N-methylol acrylamide, glycidyl acrylate, and the like.
• Suitable cross-linking agents having at least two functional groups reactive with the acid-containing monomer material include glyoxal; polyols such as ethylene glycol and glycerol; polyamines such as alkylene diamines (e.g., ethylene diamine), polyalkylene polyamines, polyepoxides, di- or polyglycidyl ethers and the like.
• Suitable polyvalent metal cross-linking agents which can form ionic cross-linkages include oxides, hydroxides and weak acid salts (e.g., carbonate, acetate and the like) of alkaline earth metals (e.g., calcium, magnesium) and zinc, including, for example, calcium oxide and zinc diacetate.
• alkaline earth metals e.g., calcium, magnesium
• zinc including, for example, calcium oxide and zinc diacetate.
• cross-linking agents of many of the foregoing types are described in greater detail in Masuda et al., U. S. Patent 4,076,663, issued February 28, 1978, and Allen et al., U. S. Patent 4,861,539, issued August 29, 1989, both inco ⁇ orated herein by reference.
• Preferred cross-linking agents include the di- or polyesters of unsaturated mono- or polycarboxylic acids mono-allyl esters of polyols, the bisacrylamides, and the di- or tri-allyl amines.
• Specific examples of especially preferred cross-linking agents include N,N'- methylenebisacrylamide and trimethylol propane triacrylate.
• the cross-linking agent will generally constitute from about 0.001 mole percent to 5 mole percent of the resulting hydrogel-fo ⁇ ning polymeric material. More generally, the cross-linking agent will constitute from about 0.01 mole percent to 3 mole percent of the hydrogel-forming polymeric gelling agent used herein.
• hydrogel forming polymeric gelling hereof may be employed in their partially neutralized form.
• such materials are considered partially neutralized when at least 25 mole percent, and preferably at least 50 mole percent of monomers used to form the polymer are acid group-containing monomers which have been neutralized with a base.
• Suitable neutralizing bases cations include hydroxides of alkali and alkaline earth metal (e.g. KOH, NaOH), ammonium, substituted ammonium, and amines such as amino alcohols (e.g., 2-amino-2-methyl-l,3-propanediol, diethanolamine, and 2-amino-2-methyl-l -propanol.
• This percentage of the total monomers utilized which are neutralized acid group-containing monomers is referred to herein as the "degree of neutralization.”
• the degree of neutralization will preferably not exceed 98%.
• Hydrogel forming polymeric gelling agents suitable for use herein are well known in the art, and are described, for example, in U. S. Patent 4,076,663, Masuda et al., issued February 28, 1978; U. S. Patent 4,062,817, Westerman, issued December 13, 1977; U. S. Patent 4,286,082, Tsubakimoto et al., issued August 25, 1981; U. S. Patent 5,061 ,259, Goldman et al., issued October 29, 1991, and U. S. Patent 4,654,039, Brandt et al., issued March 31 , 1987 each of which is inco ⁇ orated herein in its entirety.
• Hydrogel forming polymeric gelling agents suitable for use herein are also described in U. S. Patent 4,731,067, Le-Khac, issued March 15, 1988, U. S. Patent 4,743,244, Le-Khac, issued May 10, 1988, U. S. Patent 4,813,945, Le-Khac, issued March 21, 1989, U. S. Patent 4,880,868, Le-Khac, issued November 14, 1989, U. S. Patent 4,892,533, Le-Khac, issued January 9, 1990, U. S. Patent 5,026,784, Le- Khac, issued June 25, 1991 , U. S. Patent 5,079,306, Le-Khac, issued January 7, 1992, U. S. Patent 5,151,465, Le-Khac, issued September 29, 1992, U.
• Suitable hydrogel forming polymeric gelling agents in the form of particles are commercially available from Hoechst Celanese Co ⁇ oration, Portsmouth, VA, USA (SanwetTM Superabsorbent Polymers) Nippon Shokubai, Japan (AqualicTM, e.g., L-75, L-76) and Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI, USA (Dry TechTM). Hydrogel forming polymeric gelling agents in the form of fibers are commercially available from Hoechst Celanese Co ⁇ oration, Portsmouth, VA, USA (SanwetTM Superabsorbent Polymers) Nippon Shokubai, Japan (AqualicTM, e.g., L-75, L-76) and Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI, USA (Dry TechTM). Hydrogel forming polymeric gelling agents in the form of fibers are commercially available from Hoechst Celanese Co ⁇ oration, Portsmouth, VA, USA (SanwetTM Superabsorbent Polymers) Nippon Shokubai, Japan (Aqualic
• Camelot Technologies Inc., Leominster, MA, USA (FibersorbTM, e.g., SA 7200H, SA 7200M, SA 7000L, SA 7000, and SA 7300).
• the articles of the present invention may also contain other hydrophilic gelling agents.
• These include carboxylic acid-containing polymers as otherwise described above, except which have relatively lower degrees of crosslinking, such that they exhibit a Tg below 140°C, as well as a variety of other water soluble or colloidally water soluble polymers, such as cellulose ethers (e.g. hydroxyethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxy propylmethyl cellulose), polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylalcohol, guar gum, hydroxypropyl guar gum and xanthan gum.
• Preferred among these additional hydrophilic gelling agents are the acid-containing polymers, particularly carboxylic acid-containing polymers.
• Preferred copolymers useful in the present invention are polymers of a monomeric mixture containing 95 to 99 weight percent of an olefinically unsaturated carboxylic monomer selected from the group consisting of acrylic, methacrylic and ethacrylic acids; about 1 to about 3.5 weight percent of an acrylate ester of the formula:
• R is an alkyl radical containing 10 to 30 carbon atoms and Ri is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl;
• these polymers contain from about 96 to about 97 9 weight percent of acrylic acid and from about 2 5 to about 3 5 weight percent of acrylic esters wherein the alkyl group contains 12 to 22 carbon atoms, and Ri is methyl, most preferably the acrylate ester is stearyl methacrylate
• the amount of crosslinking polyalkenyl polyether monomer is from about 0 2 to 0 4 weight percent
• the preferred crosslinking polyalkenyl polyether monomers are allyl pentaerythntol, tnmethylolpropane diallylether or allyl sucrose
• copolymers useful in the present invention are the polymers which contain at least two monomenc ingredients, one being a monomenc olefinically-unsaturated carboxylic acid, and the other being a polyalkenyl, polyether of a polyhydric alcohol Additional monomenc materials may be present in the monomenc mixture if desired, even in predominant proportion
• the first monomenc ingredient useful in the production of these carboxylic polymers are the olefinically-unsaturated carboxylic acids containing at least one activated carbon-to-carbon olefinic double bond, and at least one carboxyl group
• the preferred carboxylic monomers are the acrylic acids having the general structure
• R2 I CH 2 C— COOH
• Another useful carboxylic monomer is maleic anhydride or the acid The amount of acid used will be from about 95 5 to about 98 9 weight percent
• the additional monomenc materials which may be present in the polymers include polyfunctional vinyhdene monomers containing at least two terminal CH2 ⁇ groups, including for example, butadiene, isoprene, divinyl benzene, divinyl naphthlene, allyl acrylates, and the like These polymers are fully described in U S Patent No 2,798,053, to Brown, issued July 2, 1957, which is inco ⁇ orated herein by reference in its entirety
• Examples of carboxylic acid copolymers useful in the present invention include Carbomer 934,
• Other carboxylic acid copolymers useful in the present invention include sodium salts of acrylic acid/acrylamide copolymers sold by the Hoechst Celanese Co ⁇ oration under the trademark of Hostaceren PN73
• hydrogel polymers sold by Lipo Chemicals Inc under the trademark of HYP AN hydrogels These hydrogels consist of crystalline phcks of nitrates on a C-C backbone with various other pendant groups such as carboxy
• Neutralizing agents for use in neutralizing the acidic groups of these polymers include those previously described Cleansing Component
• the articles of the present invention may optionally comprise a cleansing component which further comprises one or more surfactants
• the cleansing component is disposed adjacent to the nonwoven layer of the water insoluble substrate
• the articles of the present invention comprise from about 10% to about 1 ,000%, preferably from about 50% to about 600%, and more preferably from about 100% to about 250%, based on the weight of the water insoluble substrate, of the surfactant
• the articles of the present invention preferably comprise at least about 1 gram, by weight of the water insoluble substrate, of a surfactant
• the cleansing component may be added to the substrate without requiring a drying process
• the surfactants of the cleansing component are preferably lathering surfactants
• lathering surfactant means a surfactant, which when combined with water and mechanically agitated generates a foam or lather Such surfactants are preferred since increased lather is important to consumers as an indication of cleansing effectiveness
• the surfactants or combinations of surfactants are mild
• “mild” means that the surfactants as well as to the articles of the present invention demonstrate skin mildness at least milder than common bar soap matrices which typically comprise a combination of natural soap and synthetic surfactant (e g , Lever 2000® and Zest®) Methods for measuring mildness, or inversely the lrntancy, of surfactant containing articles, are based on a skin barrier destruction test In this test, the milder the surfactant, the lesser the skin barrier is destroyed Skm barrier destruction is measured by the relative amount of radio-labeled (tritium labeled) water (3H-H2O) which
• lathering surfactants include those selected from the group consisting of anionic lathering surfactants, nonionic lathering surfactants, cationic lathering surfactants, amphote ⁇ c lathering surfactants, and mixtures thereof
• Anionic Lathering Surfactants Nonhmiting examples of anionic lathering surfactants useful in the compositions of the present invention are disclosed in McCutcheon's, Detergents and Emulsifiers, North American edition (1986), published by Allured Publishing Co ⁇ oration; McCutcheon's, Functional Materials, North American
• Anionic surfactants for use in the cleansing component include alkyl and alkyl ether sulfates.
• R10-S03M and Rl(CH2H40)x-0-S03M wherein Rl is a saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched alkyl group from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms, x is 1 to 10, and M is a water-soluble cation such as ammonium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, triethanolamine, diethanolamine and monoethanolamine.
• the alkyl sulfates are typically made by the sulfation of monohydric alcohols (having from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms) using sulfur trioxide or other known sulfation technique.
• alkyl ether sulfates are typically made as condensation products of ethylene oxide and monohydric alcohols (having from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms) and then sulfated. These alcohols can be derived from fats, e.g., coconut oil or tallow, or can be synthetic. Specific examples of alkyl sulfates which may be used in the cleansing component are sodium, ammonium, potassium, magnesium, or TEA salts of lauryl or myristyl sulfate. Examples of alkyl ether sulfates which may be used include ammonium, sodium, magnesium, or TEA laureth-3 sulfate. Another suitable class of anionic surfactants are the sulfated monoglycerides of the form RICO-
• Rl is a saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched alkyl group from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms
• M is a water-soluble cation such as ammonium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, triethanolamine, diethanolamine and monoethanolamine.
• Rl is a saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched alkyl group from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms
• M is a water-soluble cation such as ammonium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, triethanolamine, diethanolamine and monoethanolamine.
• Suitable anionic surfactants include olefin sulfonates of the form R1S03M, wherein Rl is a mono-olefin having from about 12 to about 24 carbon atoms, and M is a water-soluble cation such as ammonium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, triethanolamine, diethanolamine and monoethanolamine.
• Rl is a mono-olefin having from about 12 to about 24 carbon atoms
• M is a water-soluble cation such as ammonium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, triethanolamine, diethanolamine and monoethanolamine.
• Rl is a mono-olefin having from about 12 to about 24 carbon atoms
• M is a water-soluble cation such as ammonium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, triethanolamine, diethanolamine and monoethanolamine.
• Rl is a mono-olefin having from about 12 to about 24 carbon atoms
• M is a water-soluble cation such as ammonium, sodium, potassium,
• anionic surfactants are the linear alkylbenzene sulfonates of the form R1-C6H4- S03M, wherein Rl is a saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched alkyl group from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms, and M is a water-soluble cation such as ammonium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, triethanolamine, diethanolamine and monoethanolamine. These are formed by the sulfonation of linear alkyl benzene with sulfur trioxide.
• An example of this anionic surfactant is sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate.
• Still other anionic surfactants suitable for this cleansing component include the primary or secondary alkane sulfonates of the form R1S03M, wherein Rl is a saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched alkyl chain from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms, and M is a water-soluble cation such as ammonium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, triethanolamine, diethanolamine and monoethanolamine.
• Rl is a saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched alkyl chain from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms
• M is a water-soluble cation such as ammonium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, triethanolamine, diethanolamine and monoethanolamine.
• Rl is a saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched alkyl chain from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms
• M is a water-soluble cation such as ammonium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, triethanolamine, diethanolamine and monoethanolamine.
• Rl is a saturated or
• alkyl sulfosuccinates which include disodium N- octadecylsulfosuccinamate; diammonium lauryl sulfosuccinate; tetrasodium N-(l,2-dicarboxyethyl)-N- octadecylsulfosuccinate; diamyl ester of sodium sulfosuccinic acid; dihexyl ester of sodium sulfosuccinic acid; and dioctyl esters of sodium sulfosuccinic acid.
• taurates which are based on taurine, which is also known as 2- aminoethanesulfonic acid.
• taurates include N-alkyltaurines such as the one prepared by reacting dodecylamine with sodium isethionate as detailed in U.S. Patent No. 2,658,072 which is inco ⁇ orated herein by reference in its entirety.
• Other examples based of taurine include the acyl taurines formed by the reaction of n-methyl taurine with fatty acids (having from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms).
• acyl isethionates Another class of anionic surfactants suitable for use in the cleansing component are the acyl isethionates.
• the acyl isethionates typically have the formula R1CO-0-CH2CH2S03M wherein Rl is a saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched alkyl group having from about 10 to about 30 carbon atoms, and M is a cation. These are typically formed by the reaction of fatty acids (having from about 8 to about 30 carbon atoms) with an alkali metal isethionate.
• Nonhmiting examples of these acyl isethionates include ammonium cocoyl isethionate, sodium cocoyl isethionate, sodium lauroyl isethionate, and mixtures thereof.
• alkylglyceryl ether sulfonates of the form Rl- 0CH2-C(0H)H-CH2-S03M, wherein Rl is a saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched alkyl group from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms, and M is a water-soluble cation such as ammonium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, triethanolamine, diethanolamine and monoethanolamine.
• Rl is a saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched alkyl group from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms
• M is a water-soluble cation such as ammonium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, triethanolamine, diethanolamine and monoethanolamine.
• Suitable anionic surfactants include the sulfonated fatty acids of the form R1-CH(S04)- COOH and sulfonated methyl esters of the from Rl -CH(S04)-C0-0-CH3, where Rl is a saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched alkyl group from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms These can be formed by the sulfonation of fatty acids or alkyl methyl esters (having from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms) with sulfur trioxide or by another known sulfonation technique Examples include alpha sulphonated coconut fatty acid and lauryl methyl ester
• anionic materials include phosphates such as monoalkyl, dialkyl, and t ⁇ alkylphosphate salts formed by the reaction of phosphorous pentoxide ith monohydric branched or unbranched alcohols having from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms These could also be formed by other known phosphation methods
• An example from this class of surfactants is sodium mono or dilaurylphosphate
• anionic materials include acyl glutamates corresponding to the formula RICO-N(COOH)- CH2CH2-C02M wherein Rl is a saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched alkyl or alken> l group of about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms, and M is a water-soluble cation
• Rl is a saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched alkyl or alken> l group of about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms
• M is a water-soluble cation
• anionic materials include alkanoyl sarcosinates corresponding to the formula
• R1C0N(CH3)-CH2CH2-C02M wherein Rl is a saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched alkyl or alkenyl group of about 10 to about 20 carbon atoms, and M is a water-soluble cation
• anionic materials include alkyl ether carboxylates corresponding to the formula Rl- (OCH2CH2)x-OCH2-C02M wherein Rl is a saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched alkyl or alkenyl group of about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms, x is 1 to 10, and M is a water-soluble cation
• Rl alkyl ether carboxylates corresponding to the formula Rl- (OCH2CH2)x-OCH2-C02M wherein Rl is a saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched alkyl or alkenyl group of about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms, x is 1 to 10, and M is a water-soluble cation
• anionic materials include acyl lactylates corresponding to the formula RlCO-[0-CH(CH3)- CO]x-C02M wherein Rl is a saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched alkyl or alkenyl group of about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms, x is 3, and M is a water-soluble cation
• Rl is a saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched alkyl or alkenyl group of about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms
• x is 3
• M is a water-soluble cation
• Other anionic materials include the carboxylates, nonhmiting examples of which include sodium lauroyl carboxylate, sodium cocoyl carboxylate, and ammonium lauroyl carboxylate
• Anionic flourosurfactants can also be used
• anionic materials include natural soaps derived from the saponification of vegetable and or animal fats & oils exmaples of which include sodium laurate, sodium myristate, palmitate, stearate, tallowate, cocoate
• Any counter cation, M can be used on the anionic surfactant.
• the counter cation is selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, ammonium, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, and triethanolamine. More preferably, the counter cation is ammonium.
• Nonionic Lathering Surfactants Nonhmiting examples of nonionic lathering surfactants for use in the compositions of the present invention are disclosed in McCutcheon's, Detergents and Emulsifiers, North American edition (1986), published by allured Publishing Co ⁇ oration; and McCutcheon's, Functional Materials. North American Edition (1992); both of which are inco ⁇ orated by reference herein in their entirety.
• Nonionic lathering surfactants useful herein include those selected from the group consisting of alkyl glucosides, alkyl polyglucosides, polyhydroxy fatty acid amides, alkoxylated fatty acid esters, sucrose esters, amine oxides, and mixtures thereof.
• Alkyl glucosides and alkyl polyglucosides are useful herein, and can be broadly defined as condensation products of long chain alcohols, e.g., C8-30 alcohols, with sugars or starches or sugar or starch polymers, i.e., glycosides or polyglycosides.
• These compounds can be represented by the formula (S) n -0-R wherein S is a sugar moiety such as glucose, fructose, mannose, and galactose; n is an integer of from about 1 to about 1000, and R is a C8-30 alkyl group.
• long chain alcohols from which the alkyl group can be derived include decyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, and the like.
• Preferred examples of these surfactants include those wherein S is a glucose moiety, R is a C8-20 alkyl group, and n is an integer of from about 1 to about 9.
• Commercially available examples of these surfactants include decyl polyglucoside (available as APG 325 CS from Henkel) and lauryl polyglucoside (available as APG 600CS and 625 CS from Henkel).
• sucrose ester surfactants such as sucrose cocoate and sucrose laurate.
• nonionic surfactants include polyhydroxy fatty acid amide surfactants, more specific examples of which include glucosamides, corresponding to the structural formula:
• R2 C N wherein: R is H, C -C alkyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxy- propyl, preferably C. -C alkyl, more
• R is C,-C alkyl or alkenyl, preferably C_-C alkyl or alkenyl, more preferably C -C 1 7 alkyl or alkenyl, most preferably C. . -C , alkyl or alkenyl; and
• Z is a polhydroxyhydrocarbyl moiety having a linear hydrocarbyl chain with a least 3 hydroxyls directly connected to the chain, or an alkoxylated derivative (preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated) thereof.
• Z preferably is a sugar moiety selected from the group consisting of glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose, xylose, and mixtures thereof.
• An especially preferred surfactant corresponding to the 2 above structure is coconut alkyl N-methyl glucoside amide (i.e., wherein the R CO- moiety is derived from coconut oil fatty acids).
• nonionic surfactants include amine oxides.
• Amine oxides correspond to the general formula R1 R2R3N-O, wherein R j contains an alkyl, alkenyl or monohydroxy alkyl radical of from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, from 0 to about 10 ethylene oxide moieties, and from 0 to about 1 glyceryl moiety, and R and R3 contain from about 1 to about 3 carbon atoms and from 0 to about 1 hydroxy group, e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, hydroxyethyl, or hydroxypropyl radicals.
• the arrow in the formula is a conventional representation of a semipolar bond.
• amine oxides suitable for use in this invention include dimethyl-dodecylamine oxide, oleyldi(2-hydroxyethyl) amine oxide, dimethyloctylamine oxide, dimethyl-decylamine oxide, dimethyl-tetradecylamine oxide, 3,6,9- trioxaheptadecyldiethylamine oxide, di(2-hydroxyethyl)-tetradecylamine oxide, 2- dodecoxyethyldimethylamine oxide, 3-dodecoxy-2-hydroxypropyldi(3-hydroxypropyl)amine oxide, dimethylhexadecylamine oxide.
• Nonhmiting examples of preferred nonionic surfactants for use herein are those selected form the group consisting of C8-C14 glucose amides, C8-C14 alkyl polyglucosides, sucrose cocoate, sucrose laurate, lauramine oxide, cocoamine oxide, and mixtures thereof.
• Amphoteric Lathering Surfactants are those selected form the group consisting of C8-C14 glucose amides, C8-C14 alkyl polyglucosides, sucrose cocoate, sucrose laurate, lauramine oxide, cocoamine oxide, and mixtures thereof.
• amphoteric lathering surfactant is also intended to encompass zwitterionic surfactants, which are well known to formulators skilled in the art as a subset of amphoteric surfactants.
• zwitterionic surfactants which are well known to formulators skilled in the art as a subset of amphoteric surfactants.
• amphoteric lathering surfactants can be used in the compositions of the present invention.
• Particularly useful are those which are broadly described as derivatives of aliphatic secondary and tertiary amines, preferably wherein the nitrogen is in a cationic state, in which the aliphatic radicals can be straight or branched chain and wherein one of the radicals contains an ionizable water solubilizing group, e.g., carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, or phosphonate.
• ionizable water solubilizing group e.g., carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, or phosphonate.
• amphoteric surfactants useful in the compositions of the present invention are disclosed in McCutcheon's, Detergents and Emulsifiers. North American edition (1986), published by allured Publishing Co ⁇ oration; and McCutcheon's, Functional Materials. North American Edition (1992); both of which are inco ⁇ orated by reference herein in their entirety.
• Nonhmiting examples of amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants are those selected from the group consisting of betaines, sultaines, hydroxysultaines, alkyliminoacetates, iminodialkanoates, aminoalkanoates, and mixtures thereof.
• betaines include the higher alkyl betaines, such as coco dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl alphacarboxyethyl betaine, cetyl dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine, cetyl dimethyl betaine (available as Lonzaine 16SP from Lonza Co ⁇ .), lauryl bis-(2 -hydroxyethyl) carboxymethyl betaine, oleyl dimethyl gamma-carboxypropyl betaine, lauryl bis-(2-hydroxypropyl)alpha-carboxyethyl betaine, coco dimethyl sulfopropyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl sulfoethyl betaine, lauryl bis-(2-hydroxyethyl) sulfopropyl betaine, amidobetaines and amidosulfobetaines (wherein the RCONH(CH )- radical is attached to the nitrogen atom of the betaine), oleyl betaine
• sultaines and hydroxysultaines include materials such as cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine (available as Mirataine CBS from Rhone-Poulenc).
• amphoteric surfactants having the following structure:
• R' is unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain alkyl having from about 9 to about 22 carbon atoms.
• Preferred R' has from about 1 1 to about 18 carbon atoms; more preferably from about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms; more preferably still from about 14 to about 18 carbon atoms;
• m is an integer from 1 to about 3, more preferably from about 2 to about 3, and more preferably about 3; n is either
• R ⁇ and R ⁇ are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl having from
• R ⁇ and R ⁇ are CH3;
• X is selected from the group consisting of CO2, SO3 and SO4;
• R 4 is selected from the group consisting of saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain alkyl, unsubstituted or monosubstituted with hydroxy, having from 1 to about 5 carbon atoms.
• X is CO2
• R preferably has 1 or 3 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 carbon atom.
• R ⁇ preferably has from about 2 to about 4 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 carbon atoms.
• amphoteric surfactants of the present invention include the following compounds:
• Cetyl dimethyl betaine (this material also has the CTFA designation cetyl betaine)
• Cocamidopropylbetaine wherein R has from about 9 to about 13 carbon atoms Cocamidopropyl hydroxy sultaine
• amphoteric surfactants examples include alkyliminoacetates, and iminodialkanoates and aminoalkanoates of the formulas RNfCH,.) CO_M]_, and R H(CH remember) CO disciplineM wherein m is from 1 to
• R is a Cg-C22 alkyl or alkenyl
• M is H, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal ammonium, or alkanolammonium.
• imidazolinium and ammonium derivatives include imidazolinium and ammonium derivatives.
• suitable amphoteric surfactants include sodium 3-dodecyl-aminopropionate, sodium 3-dodecylamino- propane sulfonate, N-higher alkyl aspartic acids such as those produced according to the teaching of U. S. Patent 2,438,091 which is inco ⁇ orated herein by reference in its entirety; and the products sold under the trade name "Miranol" and described in U. S.
• Patent 2,528,3708 which is inco ⁇ orated herein by reference in its entirety.
• amphoterics include amphoteric phosphates, such as coamidopropyl PG-dimonium chloride phosphate (commercially available as Monaquat PTC, from Mona Co ⁇ .).
• amphoacetates such as disodium lauroamphodiacetate, sodium lauroamphoacetate, and mixtures thereof.
• Preferred lathering surfactants are selected from the group consisting of anionic lathering surfactants selected from the group consisting of ammonium lauroyl sarcosinate, sodium trideceth sulfate, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, ammonium laureth sulfate, sodium laureth sulfate, ammonium lauryl sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, ammonium cocoyl isethionate, sodium cocoyl isethionate, sodium lauroyl isethionate, sodium cetyl sulfate, sodium monolauryl phospate, sodium cocoglyceryl ether sulfonate, sodium C 9 -C 22 soap, and combinations thereof; nonionic lathering surfactants selected from the group consisting of lauramine oxide, cocoamine oxide, decyl polyglucose, lauryl polyglucose, sucrose cocoate, C12-14 glucosamides, suc
• Chelators may also comprise a safe and effective amount of a chelator or chelating agent.
• chelator or “chelating agent” means an active agent capable of removing a metal ion from a system by forming a complex so that the metal ion cannot readily participate in or catalyze chemical reactions.
• the inclusion of a chelating agent is especially useful for providing protection against UV radiation that can contribute to excessive scaling or skin texture changes and against other environmental agents, which can cause skin damage.
• a safe and effective amount of a chelating agent may be added to the compositions of the subject invention, preferably from about 0.1% to about 10%, more preferably from about 1% to about 5%, of the composition.
• Exemplary chelators that are useful herein are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,487,884, issued 1/30/96 to Bissett et al.; International Publication No. 91/16035, Bush et al., published 10/31/95; and International Publication No. 91/16034, Bush et al., published 10/31/95.
• Preferred chelators useful in compositions of the subject invention are furildioxime and derivatives thereof. Flavonoids
• Flavonoids are broadly disclosed in U.S. Patents 5,686,082 and 5,686,367, both of which are herein inco ⁇ orated by reference.
• Flavonoids suitable for use in the present invention are flavanones selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted flavanones, mono-substituted flavanones, and mixtures thereof; chalcones selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted chalcones, mono-substituted chalcones, di-substituted chalcones, tri-substituted chalcones, and mixtures thereof; flavones selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted flavones, mono-substituted flavones, di-substituted flavones, and mixtures thereof; one or more isoflavones; coumarins selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted cou
• substituted means flavonoids wherein one or more hydrogen atom of the flavonoid has been independently replaced with hydroxyl, C1-C8 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxyl, O-glycoside, and the like or a mixture of these substituents.
• suitable flavonoids include, but are not limited to, unsubstituted flavanone, monohydroxy flavanones (e.g., 2'-hydroxy flavanone, 6-hydroxy flavanone, 7-hydroxy flavanone, etc.), mono- alkoxy flavanones (e.g., 5-methoxy flavanone, 6-methoxy flavanone, 7-methoxy flavanone, 4'-methoxy flavanone, etc.), unsubstituted chalcone (especially unsubstituted trans-chalcone), mono-hydroxy chalcones (e.g., 2'-hydroxy chalcone, 4'-hydroxy chalcone, etc.), di-hydroxy chalcones (e.g., 2', 4-dihydroxy chalcone, 2',4'-dihydroxy chalcone, 2,2'-dihydroxy chalcone, 2',3-dihydroxy chalcone, 2',5'-dihydroxy chalcone, etc.), and
• unsubstituted flavanone methoxy flavanones, unsubstituted chalcone, 2', 4-dihydroxy chalcone, and mixtures thereof.
• unsubstituted flavanone especially the trans isomer
• chalcone especially the trans isomer
• Flavonoid compounds useful herein are commercially available from a number of sources, e.g., Indofine Chemical Company, Inc. (Somerville, New Jersey), Steraloids, Inc. (Wilton, New Hampshire), and Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc. (Milwaukee, Wisconsin).
• the herein described flavonoid compounds are preferably present in the instant invention at concentrations of from about 0.01% to about 20%, more preferably from about 0.1% to about 10%, and most preferably from about 0.5% to about 5%.
• Sterols are preferably present in the instant invention at concentrations of from about 0.01% to about 20%, more preferably from about 0.1% to about 10%, and most preferably from about 0.5% to about 5%.
• the articles of the present invention may comprise a safe and effective amount of one or more sterol compounds.
• useful sterol compounds include sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol, brassicasterol, lanosterol, 7-dehydrocholesterol, and mixtures thereof. These can be synthetic in origin or from natural sources, e.g., blends extracted from plant sources (e.g., phytosterols).
• Anti-Cellulite Agents include sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol, brassicasterol, lanosterol, 7-dehydrocholesterol, and mixtures thereof. These can be synthetic in origin or from natural sources, e.g., blends extracted from plant sources (e.g., phytosterols).
• Anti-Cellulite Agents include sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol, brassicasterol, lanosterol, 7-dehydrocholesterol, and mixtures thereof. These can be synthetic in origin or from natural sources, e.g., blends
• the articles of the present invention may also comprise a safe and effective amount of an anti- cellulite agent.
• Suitable agents may include, but are not limited to, xanthine compounds (e.g., caffeine, theophylline, theobromine, and aminophylline).
• the articles of the present invention may comprise a skin lightening agent.
• the compositions preferably comprise from about 0.1% to about 10%, more preferably from about 0.2% to about 5%, also preferably from about 0.5% to about 2%, by weight of the composition, of a skin lightening agent.
• Suitable skin lightening agents include those known in the art, including kojic acid, arbutin, ascorbic acid and derivatives thereof, e.g., magnesium ascorbyl phosphate or sodium ascorbyl phosphate or other salts of ascorbyl phosphate.
• Skin lightening agents suitable for use herein also include those described in copending patent application Serial No. 08/479,935, filed on June 7, 1995 in the name of Hillebrand, corresponding to PCT Application No.
• the articles of the present invention may optionally comprise binders. Binders or binding materials are useful for sealing the various layers of the present articles to one another thereby maintaining the integrity of the article.
• the binders may be in a variety of forms including, but not limited to, spray on, webs, separate layers, binding fibers, etc. Suitable binders may comprise latexes, polyamides, polyesters, polyolefins and combinations thereof. Additional Layers
• the article of the present invention may comprise one or more additional layers which one having ordinary skill in the art would recognize as separate and distinct from nonwoven layer yet which are attached to the nonwoven layer at some point.
• the additional layers are suitable for enhancing the overall grippability of the side of the article closest to the hand or other means for exerting mechanical action on the surface to be cleansed.
• the additional layers are suitable for enhancing the soft feel of the side of the article which contacts the area to be cleansed.
• these additional layers may also be referred to as consecutively numbered layers in addition to the two essential layers of the articles of the present invention, e.g., third layer, fourth layer, etc..
• Suitable additional layers may be macroscopically expanded.
• macroscopically expanded refers to webs, ribbons, and films which have been caused to conform to the surface of a three- dimensional forming structure so that both surfaces thereof exhibit a three-dimensional forming pattem of surface aberrations corresponding to the macroscopic cross-section of the forming structure, wherein the surface aberrations comprising the pattern are individually discernible to the normal naked eye (i.e., normal naked eye having 20/20 vision) when the pe ⁇ endicular distance between the viewer's eye and the plane of the web is about 12 inches.
• normal naked eye i.e., normal naked eye having 20/20 vision
• embssed it is meant that the forming structure of the material exhibits a pattern comprised primarily of male projections.
• debossed refers to when the forming structure of the material exhibits a pattern comprised primarily of female capillary networks.
• Preferred macroscopically expanded films comprise formed films which are structural elastic-like films. These films are described in U. S. Patent No. 5,554,145, issued September 10, 1996, to Roe et al, which is inco ⁇ orated by reference herein in its entirety.
• Materials suitable for use in the additional layer having a thickness of at least one millimeter include, but are not limited to, those web materials disclosed in U. S. Patent No. 5,518,801, issued to Chappell et al. on May 21 , 1996, which is inco ⁇ orated by reference herein in its entirety.
• the personal care articles of the present invention are manufactured by adding the therapeutic benefit component to the appropriate sheet of the nonwoven layer via a conventional method which may include, but is not limited to, sprinkling, dip coating, spraying, slot coating, and roll transfer (e.g., pressure roll or kiss roll).
• a conventional method which may include, but is not limited to, sprinkling, dip coating, spraying, slot coating, and roll transfer (e.g., pressure roll or kiss roll).
• the sheet of the remaining layer is then placed on the sheet of the first layer, preferably, but not always, over the therapeutic benefit component.
• the sheets are sealed together by a conventional sealing method which may include, but is not limited to, heat, pressure, glue, ultrasound, etc.
• Heat sealing devices vary in design, and where a seal may not be able to be effected an inte ⁇ osing layer of a low- melting heat-sealable fibrous web such as the polyamide fibrous web known as Wonder Under (manufactured by Pellon, available from H. Levinson & Co., Chicago, IL) may be used between layers for this and other examples without changing the effect or utility of the articles.
• the sealed sheets are then partitioned into units for the consumer's use.
• Optional manufacturing steps may include calendaring to flatten the article, drying, creping, shrinking, stretching, or otherwise mechanically deforming.
• the present invention also relates to a method of cleansing the skin and/or hair with a personal care article of the present invention.
• These methods comprise the steps of: a) wetting with a substantially dry, disposable personal care article, said article comprising a water insoluble substrate comprising a nonwoven layer; and a therapeutic benefit component, disposed adjacent to said water insoluble substrate, wherein said component comprises from about 10% to about 1000%, by weight of the water insoluble substrate, of a therapeutic benefit composition comprising a safe and effective amount of a anionic polymer and a safe and effective amount of a cationic surfactant, wherein said composition forms a coacervate when the article is exposed to water and b) contacting the skin or hair with the wetted article.
• the articles of the present invention are water-activated and are therefore intended to be wetted with water prior to use.
• water-activated means that the present invention is presented to the consumer in dry form to be used after wetting with water. It is found that when the articles of the present invention include a lathering surfactant they produce a lather or are "activated” upon contact with water and further agitation. Accordingly, the article is wetted by immersion in water or by placing it under a stream of water.
• lather may be generated from the article by mechanically agitating and/or deforming the article either prior to or during contact of the article with the skin or hair.
• any therapeutic or aesthetic benefit agents are deposited onto the skin or hair.
• Deposition of the therapeutic or aesthetic benefit agents are enhanced by the physical contact of the substrate with the skin or hair as well by the inclusion of one or more deposition aids.
• a representative powdery cleansing component for the articles of the present invention is prepared in the following manner
• Shave 40 0 gms of a bar soap which includes the following components
• SEFA sucrose esters of fatty acids ⁇ amplex TNP, Hampshire Chemical Co.
• SEFA sucrose esters of fatty acids
• hydrophobic phase Heat the hydrophobic phase to 70°C, add the hydrophobic active skin care ingredients, and stir until homogenous. Premix the hydrophilic phase ingredients with the hydrophilic active skin care ingredients, heating gently if necessary to dissolve or disperse them. Add these slowly to the hydrophobic phase, continuing to stir. Homogenize (high shear mixer; ultrasonic homogenizer; or high pressure homogenizer such as Microfluidizer from Microfluidics Co ⁇ .). Apply immediately to substrate surface or cool rapidly to below room temperature in ice or ice water. Store in controlled environment, under nitrogen if needed for chemical stability.
• Examples 6-1 1 Prepare a representative conditioning component for the articles of the present invention in the following manner.
• SEFA sucrose esters of fatty acids
• Epomin SP-018 molecular weight about 1800, from Nippon Shokubai Co.
• Epomin SP-018 molecular weight about 1800, from Nippon Shokubai Co
• Example 2 Prepare a representative skm cleansing article in the following manner Four grams of the cleansing component of Example 2 is applied to one side of a permeable, fusible web comprised of low-melting heat-sealable polyamide fibers.
• the permeable web is Wonder Under manufactured by Pellon, available from H. Levinson & Co., Chicago, IL.
• the cleansing component is applied to an oval area approximately 13 cm by 18 cm.
• the cleansing component is air dried.
• a layer of 2 oz/sq yd polyester batting cut to the same size as the web is placed over the fusible web.
• the polyester batting has a basis weight of 2 oz/yd 2 and is comprised of a blend of fibers of about 23 microns and 40 microns average diameter, at least some of which are crimped.
• the thickness of the batting is about 0.23 in. measured at 5 gsi.
• the batting is believed to be heat-bonded, utilizing no adhesive.
• a layer of a nonwoven is placed under the fusible web to form the second side of the article.
• the nonwoven is a spunlace blend of 70% rayon and 30% PET fibers, bonded with a styrene-butadiene adhesive, which is hydroapertured to form holes about 2 mm in diameter and having a basis weight of about 70 gsm.
• the shape of the article is about 122 mm x 160 mm oval.
• the layers are sealed together using point bonds in a grid pattern with a heat sealing die utilizing a pressure-platen heat sealing device such as a Sentinel Model 808 heat sealer available from Senco ⁇ , Hyannis, MA.
• the point bonds measure about 4 mm diameter each and there are about 51 individual sealing points evenly spaced.
• the article is trimmed and ready for use.
• Example 19 Prepare a representative skin cleansing article in the following manner.
• the cleansing component of Example 2 is applied to one side of a first substrate by extruding it through a coating head continuously in four lines separated by a distance of 20 mm, 40 mm, and 20 mm respectively, measuring widthwise across the web, making a pair of parallel lines on each side of the web.
• the cleansing component is extruded at a rate to yield 4.4 grams of cleansing component per finished article.
• the substrate is a spunlace blend of 70% rayon and 30% PET fibers, bonded with a styrene- butadiene adhesive, which is hydroapertured to form holes about 2 mm in diameter and having a basis weight of about 70 gsm.
• a second web which is an airlaid, lofty, low density batting is continuously fed over the first substrate placing it in contact with the surfactant-containing layer.
• the batting comprises a blend of 30% 15 denier PET fibers, 35% 3 denier bicomponent fibers with PET core and PE sheath, and 35% 10 denier bicomponent fibers of the same core-sheath composition, and has a basis weight of about 100 grams per square meter (gsm).
• the webs are continuously fed to an ultrasonic sealer which seals a dot pattern comprising a grid of 4 mm diameter sealing points spaced evenly across the web.
• the web is cut into individual articles measuring about 120 mm x 160 mm rectangles with rounded comers, which has a total of about 51 sealing points per article.
• Example 20 Prepare a representative skin cleansing and conditioning article in the following manner. Three grams of the skin conditioning composition of Example 12 is applied, half to each side, of the finished article of Example 18. The composition is applied by slot coating the composition as a hot liquid (60-70°C) to the article surfaces evenly, half of the composition on each side of the article.
• Example 21
• Example 5 Three grams of the skin conditioning composition of Example 5 is applied, half to each side, of the finished article of Example 19. The composition is applied by slot coating the composition as a hot liquid (60-70°C) to the article surfaces evenly, half of the composition on each side of the article.
• Example 22 Prepare a representative skin cleansing and conditioning article in the following manner.
• Example 23 Prepare a representative skin cleansing and conditioning article in the following manner.
• Example 12 Three grams of the skin conditioning composition of Example 12 is applied, half to each side, of the finished article of Example 19. The composition is applied by slot coating the composition as a hot liquid (60-70°C) to the article surfaces evenly, half of the composition on each side of the article.
• Examples 24-31 Three grams of the skin conditioning composition of Example 12 is applied, half to each side, of the finished article of Example 19. The composition is applied by slot coating the composition as a hot liquid (60-70°C) to the article surfaces evenly, half of the composition on each side of the article. Examples 24-31
• the batting is an airlaid, lofty, low density batting comprising a blend of 30% 15 denier PET fibers, 35% 3 denier bicomponent fibers with PET core and PE sheath, and 35% 10 denier bicomponent fibers of the same core-sheath composition, and has a basis weight of about 100 grams per square meter (gsm).
• a layer of fibrous nonwoven which is a hydroentangled blend of 55% cellulose and 45% polyester having a basis weight of about 65 gsm (available as Technicloth II from The Texwipe Company, Saddle River, NJ) is placed over the cleansing component coated side of the batting.
• the layers are sealed together using interlocking sealing plates using an unheated plate having inverted thimble-shaped reservoirs spaced evenly in a hexagonal grid pattern.
• the thimble shaped reservoirs are about 1.2 cm diameter at the base and are spaced about 2 cm apart, center-to-center.
• the land area between the dimples on the unheated plate is concave inwards by several mm, forming an interconnected trough.
• the heated plate has an external ridge which fit precisely into the trough on the land area of the unheated plate.
• the heated plate contacts the cellulose/polyester substrate and a heat seal is effected using pressure-platen heat sealing device such as a Sentinel Model 808 heat sealer available from Senco ⁇ , Hyannis, MA.
• the resulting unfinished article has pronounced thimble shapes rising up on the batting side, and shorter dimples or 'buttons' rising up on the cellulose/polyester substrate side of the article, making both sides easy to grip.
• the article is cut into a rectangle about 120 mm by 160 mm.
• Three grams of skin conditioning composition per article is pipetted into the trough area while the composition is hot, and allowed to cool and solidify. The article is packaged until ready for use.
• the liquid cleansing component of Example 3 is applied to a first substrate by dipping a 120 mm by 160 mm section of the substrate in a bath of the composition until it has increased its weight by about 8 grams.
• the substrate is a batting comprising a blend of 30% 15 denier PET fibers, 35% 3 denier bicomponent fibers with PET core and PE sheath, and 35% 10 denier bicomponent fibers of the same core- sheath composition, and has a basis weight of about 100 grams per square meter (gsm).
• the substrate is dried.
• a piece of a second substrate which is a spunlace blend of 70% rayon and 30% PET fibers, bonded with a styrene-butadiene adhesive and hydroapertured to form holes about 2 mm in diameter, having a basis weight of about 70 gsm is placed over the first substrate.
• the substrates are sealed together using an ultrasonic sealer which seals a dot pattern comprising a grid of 4 mm diameter sealing points spaced evenly across the article.
• Four grams of skin conditioning composition is applied evenly over both sides of the article by feeding the composition through a slotted rolling device with a machined 1.5 mm gap and a feed reservoir held at about 60°C. The composition quickly cools on the article surface and is stored in a sealed, metallized film package until ready for use.
• Example 34 Prepare a representative skin cleansing and conditioning article in the following manner.
• the batting is a 4 oz/sq yd polyester batting cut to a size of 130 mm by 175 mm, comprising polyester fibers of about 30 microns average diameter and is adhesive bonded, available for example as Mountain Mist Extra Heavy Batting #205 from Steams Textiles, Cincinnati, OH.
• a layer of fibrous nonwoven which is a hydroentangled blend of 55% cellulose and 45% polyester having a basis weight of about 65 gsm (available as Technicloth II from The Texwipe Company, Saddle River, NJ) is placed over the surfactant coated side of the batting.
• the layers are sealed together using interlocking sealing plates using an unheated plate having inverted thimble-shaped reservoirs spaced evenly in a hexagonal grid pattern.
• the thimble shaped reservoirs are about 1.2 cm diameter at the base and are spaced about 1.5 cm apart, center-to-center.
• the land area between the dimples on the unheated plate is convex upwards by several mm, forming an interconnected ridge.
• the heated plate has an external trough which fits precisely onto the ridge of the unheated plate.
• the heated plate contacts the cellulose/polyester substrate and a heat seal is effected using a pressure-platen heat sealing device such as a Sentinel Model 808 heat sealer available from Senco ⁇ , Hyannis, MA.
• the resulting unfinished article has topographical features on both sides, assisting lather generation and also making it easy to grip and slide across the skin surface during use.
• the article is cut into a rectangle about 120 mm by 160 mm.
• a skin conditioning inverse emulsion paste is prepared for use with the article, as follows:
• Example 35 The lipid soluble ingredients are heated to 70°C while stirring. Glycerin is slowly added with vigorous stirring. The composition is homogenized. Three grams of the skin conditioning inverse emulsion paste is pipetted hot into the depressed zones on the cellulose/polyester side of the article. The composition quickly cools to a semi-solid paste. The article is packaged until ready for use.
• Example 35 The lipid soluble ingredients are heated to 70°C while stirring. Glycerin is slowly added with vigorous stirring. The composition is homogenized. Three grams of the skin conditioning inverse emulsion paste is pipetted hot into the depressed zones on the cellulose/polyester side of the article. The composition quickly cools to a semi-solid paste. The article is packaged until ready for use. Example 35
• the conditioning composition is applied to one side of a first substrate by extruding it through a coating head continuously in four strips, each 5 mm wide, separated by a distance of 20 mm, 40 mm, and 20 mm respectively, measuring widthwise across the web, making a pair of parallel lines on each side of the web.
• the composition is extruded at a rate to yield 3 grams of composition per finished article.
• the substrate is a spunlace blend of 70% rayon and 30% PET fibers, bonded with a styrene-butadiene adhesive, which is hydroapertured to form holes about 2 mm in diameter and having a basis weight of about 70 gsm.
• a second web which is an airlaid, lofty, low density batting is continuously fed over the first substrate placing it in contact with the first substrate on the side containing no skin conditioning composition.
• the batting comprises a blend of 30% 15 denier PET fibers, 35% 3 denier bicomponent fibers with PET core and PE sheath, and 35% 10 denier bicomponent fibers of the same core-sheath composition, and has a basis weight of about 100 grams per square meter (gsm).
• the webs are continuously fed to an ultrasonic sealer which seals a dot pattern comprising a grid of 4 mm diameter sealing points spaced evenly across the web.
• the web is cut into individual articles measuring about 120 mm x 160 mm rectangles with rounded comers, which has a total of about 51 sealing points per article.
• the conditioning composition is applied to one side of a first substrate by extruding it through a coating head continuously in four strips, each 5 mm wide, separated by a distance of 20 mm, 40 mm, and 20 mm respectively, measuring widthwise across the web, making a pair of parallel lines on each side of the web.
• the composition is extruded at a rate to yield 1.1 grams of composition per finished article.
• the substrate is a spunlace blend of 70% rayon and 30% PET fibers, bonded with a styrene-butadiene adhesive, which is hydroapertured to form holes about 2 mm in diameter and having a basis weight of about 70 gsm.
• a second web which is an airlaid, lofty, low density batting is continuously fed over the first substrate placing it in contact with the first substrate on the side containing no skin conditioning composition.
• the batting comprises a blend of 10% 15 denier PET fibers, 50% 3 denier bicomponent fibers with PET core and PE sheath, and 40% 10 denier bicomponent fibers of the same core-sheath composition, and has a basis weight of about 80 grams per square meter (gsm).
• the webs are continuously fed to an ultrasonic sealer which seals a dot pattern comprising a grid of 4 mm diameter sealing points spaced evenly across the web.
• the web is cut into individual articles measuring about 120 mm x 90 mm rectangles with rounded comers, which has a total of about 51 sealing points per article.
• the article is convenient for application to smaller areas of skin, for example the face, elbows, neck and/or feet.
• the cleansing component of Example 2 is applied to one side of a first substrate by extruding it through a coating head continuously in four lines separated by a distance of 20 mm, 40 mm, and 20 mm respectively, measuring widthwise across the web, making a pair of parallel lines on each side of the web.
• the cleansing component is extruded at a rate to yield 0.52 grams of cleansing component per finished article.
• the substrate is a spunlace blend of 70% rayon and 30% PET fibers, bonded with a styrene- butadiene adhesive, which is hydroapertured to form holes about 2 mm in diameter and having a basis weight of about 70 gsm.
• a second substrate web which is an airlaid, lofty, low density batting is continuously fed over the first substrate placing it in contact with the surfactant layer.
• the batting comprises a blend of 10% 15 denier PET fibers, 50% 3 denier bicomponent fibers with PET core and PE sheath, and 40% 10 denier bicomponent fibers of the same core-sheath composition, and has a basis weight of about 80 grams per square meter (gsm).
• a third substrate web which is the same as the second substrate web is continuously fed over the second substrate web placing it in contact with the second substrate.
• the webs are continuously fed to an ultrasonic sealer which seals a dot pattern comprising a grid of 4 mm diameter sealing points spaced evenly across the web.
• Skin conditioning composition is slot coated from a hot reservoir pumped through a slot dye onto both sides of the substrate web at a rate equal to 1.25 grams of skin conditioning composition per finished article (about 55 gsm add-on per side), and passed across a cooling fan so the composition cools quickly on the article outer surfaces.
• the web is cut into individual articles measuring about 120 mm x 90 mm rectangles with rounded comers.
• Example 38 Prepare a representative skin cleansing and conditioning article in the following manner.
• a substrate is prepared on an airlaying process.
• a thin first web of 20 gsm continuous polypropylene filamented fiber is fed to a continuous forming screen.
• Cellulose (Kraft fiber) comprising a second web is airlaid onto the first web at a rate of 100 gsm.
• the surfactant composition of Example 1 is co-metered with the cellulose fibers at a rate of about 80 gsm.
• a third web which is the same as the first web is fed onto the airlaid cellulose.
• a substrate is prepared by heat bonding the edges and dot sealing about 51, 3 mm points of a 10 inch by 8.5 inch rectangular section of the composite web.
• the skin conditioning composition of Example 15 is melted and slot coated evenly onto both sides of the article at a rate of 3 grams of composition per article, or 1.5 grams per side, followed by rapid cooling. The article is packaged until ready for use.
• Example 38 The article of Example 38 is prepared with the exception that a biodegradable polylactic acid polymer is substituted for the polypropylene to make a biodegradable article.

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  • 2000-11-20 EP EP00982177A patent/EP1229899A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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