EP1228138A1 - Biologisch abbaubare, thermoplastische formmassen - Google Patents
Biologisch abbaubare, thermoplastische formmassenInfo
- Publication number
- EP1228138A1 EP1228138A1 EP00965984A EP00965984A EP1228138A1 EP 1228138 A1 EP1228138 A1 EP 1228138A1 EP 00965984 A EP00965984 A EP 00965984A EP 00965984 A EP00965984 A EP 00965984A EP 1228138 A1 EP1228138 A1 EP 1228138A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- copolyester
- component
- molding composition
- layered silicate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000009757 thermoplastic moulding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000012778 molding material Substances 0.000 title abstract 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229920006344 thermoplastic copolyester Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 87
- 229920001634 Copolyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 62
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 25
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical class OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbamic acid Chemical class NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001414 amino alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001767 cationic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001411 inorganic cation Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002892 organic cations Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052615 phyllosilicate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- -1 aliphatic diols Chemical class 0.000 description 27
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 21
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 19
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 18
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 16
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-dicarboxylic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 8
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolic acid Chemical compound OCC(O)=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- FPCJKVGGYOAWIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-ol;titanium Chemical compound [Ti].CCCCO.CCCCO.CCCCO.CCCCO FPCJKVGGYOAWIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WOZVHXUHUFLZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl terephthalate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(=O)OC)C=C1 WOZVHXUHUFLZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RKDVKSZUMVYZHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione Chemical compound O=C1COC(=O)CO1 RKDVKSZUMVYZHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 description 5
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 5
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxybenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-REOHCLBHSA-N L-lactic acid Chemical compound C[C@H](O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 4
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 4
- WLJVNTCWHIRURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pimelic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCC(O)=O WLJVNTCWHIRURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N suberic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCC(O)=O TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-VKHMYHEASA-N (+)-propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 3
- YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-propanediol Substances OCCCO YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylpiperidin-4-one Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)N1CCC(=O)CC1 RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 3
- JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous glutaric acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002988 biodegradable polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004621 biodegradable polymer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N d-alpha-tocopherol Natural products OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000765 poly(2-oxazolines) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000166 polytrimethylene carbonate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004072 triols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1Cl RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IUPHTVOTTBREAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxybutanoic acid;3-hydroxypentanoic acid Chemical compound CC(O)CC(O)=O.CCC(O)CC(O)=O IUPHTVOTTBREAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHBMMWSBFZVSSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxybutyric acid Chemical compound CC(O)CC(O)=O WHBMMWSBFZVSSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- REKYPYSUBKSCAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxypentanoic acid Chemical compound CCC(O)CC(O)=O REKYPYSUBKSCAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940090248 4-hydroxybenzoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- JJTUDXZGHPGLLC-IMJSIDKUSA-N 4511-42-6 Chemical compound C[C@@H]1OC(=O)[C@H](C)OC1=O JJTUDXZGHPGLLC-IMJSIDKUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OZJPLYNZGCXSJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-valerolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCO1 OZJPLYNZGCXSJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IWHLYPDWHHPVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid Chemical compound OCCCCCC(O)=O IWHLYPDWHHPVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920013642 Biopol™ Polymers 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 2
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920003232 aliphatic polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VHRGRCVQAFMJIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadaverine Chemical compound NCCCCCN VHRGRCVQAFMJIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- MMCOUVMKNAHQOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonoperoxoic acid Chemical compound OOC(O)=O MMCOUVMKNAHQOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N catechol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1O YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000012765 fibrous filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
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- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
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- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O phosphonium Chemical compound [PH4+] XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000909 polytetrahydrofuran Polymers 0.000 description 2
- CYIDZMCFTVVTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyromellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=C(C(O)=O)C=C1C(O)=O CYIDZMCFTVVTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate Chemical compound C1N(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CCCC11CNCC1 ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-REOHCLBHSA-N (2S)-2-Amino-3-hydroxypropansäure Chemical compound OC[C@H](N)C(O)=O MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- BOKGTLAJQHTOKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1O BOKGTLAJQHTOKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FJLUATLTXUNBOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Hexadecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN FJLUATLTXUNBOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- FQXGHZNSUOHCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol Chemical compound CC1(C)C(O)C(C)(C)C1O FQXGHZNSUOHCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GZZLQUBMUXEOBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4-trimethylhexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCCC(C)CC(C)(C)CO GZZLQUBMUXEOBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BTUDGPVTCYNYLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethylglutaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(C)(C)CCC(O)=O BTUDGPVTCYNYLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKKKCPPTESQGQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazole Chemical compound O1CCN=C1C1=NCCO1 KKKKCPPTESQGQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QEEZSWGDNCHFKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazol-2-ylmethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazole Chemical compound N=1CCOC=1CC1=NCCO1 QEEZSWGDNCHFKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007850 fluorescent dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-tocopherol Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC1CCC2C(C)C(O)C(C)C(C)C2O1 WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013922 glutamic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004220 glutamic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutamine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(N)=O ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052621 halloysite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000271 hectorite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L hectorite Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-].[OH-].[Na+].[Mg+2].O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]([O-])(O1)O[Si]1([O-])O2 KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ACCCMOQWYVYDOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)O ACCCMOQWYVYDOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N histidine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CN=CN1 HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydrogensulfate Chemical compound OS([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- REYJJPSVUYRZGE-UHFFFAOYSA-O hydron;octadecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[NH3+] REYJJPSVUYRZGE-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 125000004356 hydroxy functional group Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052900 illite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoleucine Natural products CCC(C)C(N)C(O)=O AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000310 isoleucine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JJTUDXZGHPGLLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactide Chemical compound CC1OC(=O)C(C)OC1=O JJTUDXZGHPGLLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000018977 lysine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930182817 methionine Natural products 0.000 description 1
- WASLAHVIXFIAAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-tri(nonyl)phosphanium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC[P+](C)(CCCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCCC WASLAHVIXFIAAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006082 mold release agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N monopropylene glycol Natural products CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012170 montan wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052627 muscovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SZEGKVHRCLBFKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methyloctadecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCNC SZEGKVHRCLBFKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KYTZHLUVELPASH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical class C1=CC=CC2=C(C(O)=O)C(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 KYTZHLUVELPASH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NXPPAOGUKPJVDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,2-diol Chemical class C1=CC=CC2=C(O)C(O)=CC=C21 NXPPAOGUKPJVDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DFFZOPXDTCDZDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,5-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1C(O)=O DFFZOPXDTCDZDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RXOHFPCZGPKIRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=C(C(O)=O)C=CC2=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 RXOHFPCZGPKIRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MNZMMCVIXORAQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-2,6-diol Chemical compound C1=C(O)C=CC2=CC(O)=CC=C21 MNZMMCVIXORAQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DFQICHCWIIJABH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-2,7-diol Chemical class C1=CC(O)=CC2=CC(O)=CC=C21 DFQICHCWIIJABH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VGIBGUSAECPPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-L nonaaluminum;magnesium;tripotassium;1,3-dioxido-2,4,5-trioxa-1,3-disilabicyclo[1.1.1]pentane;iron(2+);oxygen(2-);fluoride;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[F-].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[K+].[K+].[K+].[Fe+2].O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2 VGIBGUSAECPPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000273 nontronite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002903 organophosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-O oxonium Chemical compound [OH3+] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- COLNVLDHVKWLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylalanine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 COLNVLDHVKWLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCDYQQDYXPDABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phloroglucinol Chemical compound OC1=CC(O)=CC(O)=C1 QCDYQQDYXPDABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphonate Chemical compound [O-]P(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006146 polyetheresteramide block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001470 polyketone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000008442 polyphenolic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- ULWHHBHJGPPBCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCC(O)O ULWHHBHJGPPBCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000380 propiolactone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013772 propylene glycol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O pyridinium Chemical compound C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 229910000275 saponite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910021647 smectite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006301 statistical copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L terephthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000005621 tetraalkylammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003718 tetrahydrofuranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930003799 tocopherol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000010384 tocopherol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960001295 tocopherol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011732 tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,6-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=C(N=C=O)C=CC=C1N=C=O RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005208 trialkylammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- FRRWNGZHGWUIHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricyclohexyl(hexatriacontyl)phosphanium Chemical compound C1CCCCC1[P+](C1CCCCC1)(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)C1CCCCC1 FRRWNGZHGWUIHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003258 trimethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)CO QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FIRAEZZBKQGVAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-cyanoethyl)-triacontylphosphanium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[P+](CCC#N)(CCC#N)CCC#N FIRAEZZBKQGVAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000004474 valine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940046009 vitamin E Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N α-tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
- C08K9/02—Ingredients treated with inorganic substances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
- C08K9/04—Ingredients treated with organic substances
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a biodegradable, thermoplastic molding composition containing
- thermoplastic molding composition b) 0.01 to 15% by weight of at least one hydrophobically modified layered silicate, based on the total weight of the thermoplastic molding composition,
- biodegradable polymers usually have inadequate mechanical or application properties. In many cases, these properties even behave in opposite directions.
- polyamides are easy and inexpensive to manufacture and have, for. T. excellent mechanical and application properties. However, they are only moderately biodegradable. In contrast, aliphatic polyesters generally show very good degradability. However, their processability is often problematic.
- copolyesters based on WO 92-13019 are predominantly more aromatic Dicarboxylic acids and aliphatic diols are known which contain up to 2.5 mol% of metal salts of 5-sulfoisophthalic acid or short-chain ether diol segments to improve their biodegradability.
- EP-A 565235 describes aliphatic copolyesters which are modified by incorporation of [-NH-C (0) 0-] groups ("urethane units"). However, even with these copolyesters, only a comparatively slow biodegradation is observed for aliphatic copolyesters.
- a disadvantage of these copolyesters is that molded articles produced therefrom, in particular films, have inadequate mechanical properties.
- the older German patent application P 4440858.7 (O.Z. 0050/45364) recommends copolyesters which contain sulfonate-containing compounds and components with at least three groups capable of ester formation in amounts of up to 5 mol%. By using these components, targeted improvements of properties are possible, however, a suitable tailor-made recipe must be created for each application.
- thermoplastic molding compositions made from biodegradable polymers whose biodegradability and mechanical properties or processability are to be achieved by a high degree of filling with fillers of natural origin. Only polyesteramides with a high amide content (greater than 50% by weight) are used as biodegradable polymers.
- the improvement in mechanical properties achieved by filling with wood flour or kaolin is determined by measuring the tensile modulus of elasticity. In order to achieve a significant improvement in the tensile modulus of elasticity, however, fill levels of 40 to 50% by weight are necessary. However, such high filling levels have been shown to lead to a deterioration in other mechanical properties, for example embrittlement.
- Processability is also impaired by a reduction in the melt flow.
- a high degree of filling not only leads to the desired improvement in biodegradability, but also to an undesirable reduction in service life of the products produced with these molding compositions, so that such products can hardly be used in practice.
- the present invention has for its object to provide molding compositions based on copolyesters with high biodegradability, in particular enzymatic degradability, which have improved mechanical and application properties for a wide range of applications.
- the properties that are important for many areas of application, such as the yield stress and processability, are to be improved without other properties, such as, for. B. adversely affect the toughness and biodegradability.
- molding compositions based on biodegradable thermoplastic copolyesters which, based on the total weight of the thermoplastic molding composition, contain 0.01 to 15% by weight of hydrophobic layered silicates, show a marked improvement in the stretching modulus and a significant improvement in the processing properties , without adversely affecting other important properties, in particular the toughness, the biodegradability and the service life of the products produced with them, for their use.
- the increase in the tensile modulus found in the composite materials according to the invention is particularly advantageous for use as a material for film production.
- the molding compositions according to the invention are easier to process with conventional fillers and are also suitable for use in injection molding.
- the present invention therefore relates to the biodegradable, thermoplastic molding composition defined at the outset.
- Suitable molding compositions according to the invention preferably contain:
- copolyester 99.99-30% by weight copolyester, 0.01 - 15% by weight of hydrophobically modified layered silicate, 0 - 50% by weight of other fillers, in particular fibrous fillers, 0 - 5% by weight of auxiliaries. 5
- copolyesters are polymers which have ester bonds in their polymer backbone and which, in total, contain at least two types of repeating units across all polymer molecules, preferably: 0
- Polyesters which contain a hydroxycarboxylic acid component and at least one different hydroxycarboxylic acid component or at least one further component which can be copolymerized therewith, 5
- Polyesters which contain a dicarboxylic acid component, a diol component and optionally at least one further component which can be copolymerized with the abovementioned components, the dicarboxylic acid component comprising at least two different dicarboxylic acids and / or the
- Diol component comprises at least two different diols and / or the further component is also used, and
- the preparation of the copolyesters can be based on the acid itself, its ester-forming derivatives and mixtures of the acid and its ester-forming derivatives.
- the copolyesters can contain 30 minor amounts of tri- and polyol components, diamine components and / or amino alcohol components.
- Thermoplastic copolyesters in the sense of this invention are copolyesters that are supplied with thermal and / or mechanical
- the copolyesters of the molding compositions according to the invention can preferably be softened or melted without the molecular weight reduction
- biodegradable means preferably degradable by microorganisms.
- Hydroxycarboxylic acid components which are suitable according to the invention are 45 ⁇ -, ⁇ -, ⁇ -, ⁇ - and ⁇ -hydroxycarboxylic acids, in particular lactic acid, glycolic acid and ⁇ -hydroxycarboxylic acid, which in the form of their cyclic esters or lactones, in particular ß-propiolactone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone and in particular ⁇ -caprolactone, as well as the di- and oligomers of the aforementioned carboxylic acids, in particular glycolide and dilactide, can be used.
- ⁇ -, ⁇ -, ⁇ - and ⁇ -hydroxycarboxylic acids in particular lactic acid, glycolic acid and ⁇ -hydroxycarboxylic acid, which in the form of their cyclic esters or lactones, in particular ß-propiolactone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone and in particular ⁇ -caprolactone, as well as
- biodegradable, thermoplastic copolyesters are aliphatic copolyesters. These include copolymers of at least two aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acids or lactones and block copolymers of different hydroxycarboxylic acids or lactones or mixtures thereof.
- the aliphatic copolyesters include copolymers or block copolymers based on lactic acid and other monomers.
- Linear polylactides are mostly used. However, branched lactic acid polymers can also be used.
- branching z. B. serve multifunctional acids or alcohols.
- polylactides can be mentioned, which consists essentially of lactic acid or its Ci to C alkyl or mixtures thereof, and at least one aliphatic C - are 0 alkanol having from three to five hydroxyl groups available to C ⁇ - to Cio-dicarboxylic acid and at least one C3 ,
- thermoplastic copolyesters are copolymers of 3-hydroxybutanoic acid or their mixtures with 4-hydroxybutanoic acid and / or 3-hydroxyvaleric acid, in particular in a proportion by weight of up to 30, preferably up to 20% by weight of the latter acid.
- Copolymers of polyhydroxybutanoic acid can be made microbially. Processes for the production from various bacteria and fungi are e.g. B. the Chem Chem. Lab. 39, 1112-1124 (1991) and WO 96/09402.
- aliphatic copolyesters can also contain diols and / or isocyanates as building blocks.
- the aliphatic copolyesters can also contain building blocks which are derived from trifunctional or multifunctional compounds such as epoxides, acids or triols. The latter building blocks can be contained individually or several of them or also together with the diols and / or isocyanants in the aliphatic copolyesters.
- the aliphatic copolyesters generally have molecular weights (number average) in the range from 10,000 to 100,000 g / mol.
- the hydroxycarbonic acid used is glycolic acid, D-, L-, D, L-lactic acid, 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid, its cyclic derivatives such as glycolide (1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione), D-, L-dilactide (3, 6-dimethyl-l, 4-dioxan-2, 5-dione), p-hydroxybenzoic acid and their oligomers and polymers such as 3-polyhydroxybutyric acid, polyhydroxyvaleric acid, polylactide (for example as EcoPLA ® (from Cargill)) and a mixture of 3-polyhydroxybutyric acid and polyhydroxyvaleric acid (the latter is available under the name Biopol ® from Zeneca), particularly preferably the low molecular weight and cyclic derivatives thereof for the production of partially aromatic polyesters.
- the hydroxycarbonic acid used is glycolic acid, D-, L-, D, L-lactic acid, 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid, its cyclic derivatives such
- Preferred copolyesters preferably contain at least one dicarboxylic acid or an ester-forming derivative or mixtures thereof (component A), at least one diol component (component B) and optionally tri- and polyols, di- and polyamines, amino alcohols, hydroxycarboxylic acids, aminocarboxylic acids, tri- and polycarboxylic acids, bisoxazolines and isocyanates (component C).
- the preferred copolyesters include copolyesters which contain at least three components, selected from components A and B, and optionally one or more further components C, component A at least one dicarboxylic acid or an ester-forming derivative or mixtures thereof, component B at least one diol component and component C comprises tri- and polyols, di- and polyamines, amino alcohols, hydroxycarboxylic acids, amino carboxylic acids, tri- and polycarboxylic acids, bisoxazolines and isocyanates.
- Aliphatic copolyesters composed of aliphatic or cycloaliphatic dicarboxylic acids or their mixtures and aliphatic or cycloaliphatic diols or their mixtures are suitable, both as statistical copolymers and as block copolymers.
- Suitable aliphatic dicarboxylic acids generally have 2 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 4 to 6 carbon atoms. They can be both linear and branched.
- the cycloaliphatic dicarboxylic acids which can be used in the context of the present invention are generally those having 7 to 10 carbon atoms and in particular those having 8 carbon atoms. In principle, however, dicarboxylic acids with a larger number of carbon atoms, for example with up to 30 carbon atoms, can also be used.
- Examples include: malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid,fuginic acid, sebacic acid, fumaric acid, 2, 2-dimethylglutaric acid, suberic acid, 1,3-cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 1,3-cyclo - hexanedicarboxylic acid, diglycolic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid and 2, 5-norbornane dicarboxylic acid, among which adipic acid is preferred.
- Suitable aliphatic copolyesters are those as described in WO 94/14870, in particular aliphatic copolyesters from succinic acid, its diesters or their mixtures with other aliphatic acids or diesters such as glutaric acid and butanediol or mixtures of this diol with ethylene glycol , Propanediol or hexanediol or mixtures thereof.
- Aliphatic copolyesters of this type generally have molecular weights (number average) in the range from 10,000 to 100,000 g / mol.
- the aliphatic copolyesters can be random or block copolyesters which contain further monomers.
- the proportion of the other monomers is usually up to 10% by weight.
- Preferred comonomers are hydroxycarboxylic acids or lactones or mixtures thereof.
- Mixtures of two or more comonomers and / or further building blocks, such as epoxides or polyfunctional aliphatic or aromatic acids or polyfunctional alcohols, can of course also be used to prepare the aliphatic copolyesters.
- Preferred aromatic dicarboxylic acids generally have 8 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably 8 carbon atoms.
- naphthalenedicarboxylic acids such as 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid and 1,5-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid
- benzenedicarboxylic acids such as terephthalic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, preferably terephthalic acid and isophthalic acid
- Terephthalic acid is particularly preferred.
- Di-Ci to C 6 alkyl esters such as dimethyl, diethyl, di-n-propyl, di-isopropyl, di-n-butyl, are particularly suitable as ester-forming derivatives of the above-mentioned dicarboxylic acids, which can also be used To name di-iso-butyl, di-t-butyl, di-n-pentyl, di-iso-pentyl or di-n-hexyl ester. Anhydrides of the dicarboxylic acids can also be used.
- the dicarboxylic acids or their ester-forming derivatives can be used individually or as a mixture of two or more thereof.
- the diol component (component B) are aromatic diols, such as naphthalenediols, in particular the 1,4-, 1,6-, 1,7-, 2,6- and 2,7-dihydroxynaphthalenes, preferably 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene and 2, 6-dihydroxynaphthalene, dihydroxybenzenes, such as pyrocatechol, resorcinol and hydroquinone, in particular resorcinol and hydroquinone, and also bisphenols, in particular bisphenol A and biphenyldiols, in particular o, o'-biphenol.
- aromatic diols such as naphthalenediols, in particular the 1,4-, 1,6-, 1,7-, 2,6- and 2,7-dihydroxynaphthalenes, preferably 1,5-dihydroxynaphthal
- Preferred diol components are aliphatic diols, such as branched or linear alkanediols having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably 4 to 8 carbon atoms and cycloalkanediols having 5 to 10 carbon atoms.
- alkanediols examples include ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 2,4-dimethyl-2-ethylhexane 1,3-diol, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-ethyl-2-butyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-ethyl-2-isobutyl-1,3-propanediol, 2, 2,4-trimethyl-1,6-hexanediol, in particular ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol and 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol (neopentyl glycol); Cyclopentanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanediol,
- 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol or 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol Mixtures of different alkanediols can also be used. 1,4-Butanediol is preferred.
- dihydroxy compounds containing ether functions preferably dihydroxy compounds of the formula I containing ether functions
- n is an integer between 2 and 12, preferably 2, 3, 4 or 6, and m is an integer from 2 to 250.
- Dihydroxy compounds containing ether functions are preferably diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol and polytetrahydrofuran (polyTHF), particularly preferably diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol and polyethylene glycol.
- PolyTHF polytetrahydrofuran
- Mixtures thereof or compounds which have different variables n are also suitable, for example obtainable by polymerization according to methods known per se, eg. B.
- the molecular weight (M n ) of the Polyethylene glycol is generally chosen in the range from 250 to 8,000, preferably from 600 to 3,000 g / mol.
- 15 to 99.8, preferably 60 to, for example, can be used as the 5 diol component (component B)
- component A or component B can be used in excess.
- the molar ratio of components A to B used can be in the range from 0.4: 1 to 1.5: 1, preferably in the range
- Partially aromatic copolyesters are used with advantage. These contain in component A or B, based on the respective component, preferably 5 to 95 mol% and in particular 20 to 20 70 mol% of aromatic compounds.
- copolyesters which contain as component A 30 to 95 mol% of at least one aliphatic dicarboxylic acid and at least 5 to 70 mol%
- component B preferably at least one diol component selected from C - to C ⁇ -alkanediols and C 5 - to Cio-cycloalkanediols or mixtures thereof -
- component A contains at least 20 mol% and in particular at least 35 30 mol% of at least one aromatic dicarboxylic acid or its ester-forming derivatives.
- component A contains 30 to 70 mol%, in particular 40 to 60 mol% of an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid and 30 to 70 mol%, in particular 40 to 60 mol% of an aromatic dicarboxylic acid or its ester-forming derivatives.
- Preferred aliphatic dicarboxylic acids in such partially aromatic copolyesters are malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid,fuginic acid and sebacic acid, in particular succinic acid, adipic acid and sebacic acid. acid and particularly preferably adipic acid.
- Preferred aromatic dicarboxylic acids in such partially aromatic copolyesters are benzene dicarboxylic acids.
- copolyesters of the molding compositions according to the invention preferably contain as components A.
- the production of the partially aromatic copolyesters is known per se or can be carried out according to methods known per se.
- the preferred partially aromatic copolyesters are characterized by a molecular weight (Mn) in the range from 5,000 to 50,000, in particular in the range from 10,000 to 40,000 g / mol, with a viscosity number in the range from 50 to 400, in particular in the range from 100 to 300 g / ml (measured in o-dichlorobenzene / phenol; weight ratio 50/50, at a concentration of 0.5% by weight polymer and a temperature of 25 ° C.) and a melting point in the range of 60 to 170, preferably in the range of 80 to 150 ° C.
- Mn molecular weight
- Partially aromatic copolyesters are also to be understood as meaning polyester derivatives, such as polyether esters, polyester amides or poly ether ester amides.
- Suitable biodegradable partially aromatic copolyesters include linear non-chain extended polyesters (WO 92/09654). Chain-extended and / or branched partially aromatic copolyesters are preferred. The latter are known from the documents mentioned at the outset, WO 96/15173 to 15176, 21689 to 21692, 25446, 25448 or WO 98/12242, to which reference is expressly made.
- polyesters on which the compositions according to the invention are based or which can be used in the process according to the invention may contain further components.
- the molding compositions according to the invention can contain one or more components C, which are selected from
- G is a radical which is selected from the group consisting of phenylene, - ( CH 2 ) q - ⁇ where q is a is an integer from 1 to 5, -C (R) H- and -C (R) HCH 2 , where R is methyl or ethyl,
- At least one aminocarboxylic acid selected from the group of the natural amino acids, the polyamides with a molecular weight of at most 18 OOOg / mol, obtainable by polycondensation of a dicarboxylic acid with 4 to 6 C atoms and a diamine with 4 to 10 C atoms, and compounds of the form IV a and IVb, HO- [-C (0) -TN (H) -] s H [_C (0) -TN (H) -] t - iva) (ivb;
- T is a radical which is selected from the group consisting of phenylene, - (CH 2 ) n -, where n is a means integer from 1 to 12,
- R 3 is hydrogen, -CC 6 -alkyl, C 5 -C 8 -cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or with C ⁇ -C 4 -alkyl groups up to triply substituted phenyl or tetrahydrofuryl,
- the hydroxycarbonic acid CI) used is: glycolic acid, D-, L-, D, L-lactic acid, 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid, their cyclic derivatives such as glycolide (1,4-dioxane-2,5- dione), D-, L-dilactide (3, 6-dimethyl-l, 4-dioxan-2, 5-dione), p-hydroxybenzoic acid as well as their oligomers and polymers such as 3-polyhydroxybutyric acid, polyhydroxyvaleric acid, polylactide (for example, as EcoPLA ® (Cargill)) and a mixture of 3-polyhydroxybutyric acid and polyhydroxyvaleric acid (the latter is available under the name Biopol from Zeneca), particularly preferably for the production of partially aromatic polyesters, the low molecular weight and cyclic derivatives thereof.
- their cyclic derivatives such as glycolide (1,4-dioxane-2,5- dione), D-, L-dilactide
- the hydroxycarboxylic acids can be used, for example, in amounts of from 0.01 to 50, preferably from 0.1 to 40,% by weight, based on the amount of A and B.
- amino-C 2 -C 2 -alkanol or amino-C 5 -C 8 -cycloalkanol (component C2), which also includes 4-aminomethylcyclohexane-methanol
- the diamino-Ci-Cg-alkane (component C3) is preferably a diamino-5 no-C-C 6 -alkane such as 1,4-diminobutane, 1,5-diaminopentane and 1,6-diaminohexane (hexamethylenediamine, "HMD ").
- 0.5 to 99.5 preferably 70 to 98.0 mol% of the diol component B, 0.5 to 99.5, preferably 0 to 0.5 to 50 mol% of C2 and from 0 to 50, preferably from 0 to 35 mol% of C3, based on the molar amount of B, C2 and C3, can be used for the preparation of the partially aromatic polyesters.
- the 2,2'-bisoxazolines C4 of the general formula III are generally obtainable by the process from Angew. Chem. Int.
- bisoxazolines are 2,2'-bis (2-oxazoline), bis (2-oxazolinyl) methane, 1,2-bis (2-oxazolinyl) ethane, 1,3-bis (2-oxazolinyl) propane or l , 4-bis (2-oxazolinyl) butane, in particular 1,4-bis (2-oxazolinyl) benzene, 1,2-bis (2-oxazolinyl) benzene or 1,3-bis (2-oxazoli- 5 nyl ) called benzene.
- component B for example 70 to 98 mol% of component B, up to 30 mol% of C2 and 0.5 to 30 mol% of C3 and 0.5 to 30 mol% of C4, in each case based on the 0 sum the molar amounts of components B, C2, C3 and C4 can be used. According to another preferred embodiment, it is possible to use 0.1 to 5, preferably 0.2 to 4% by weight of component C4, based on the total weight of A and B.
- Natural amino carboxylic acids can be used as component C5. These include valine, leucine, isoleucine, threonine, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, lysine, alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, proline, serine, tryosine, asparagine or glutamine.
- Preferred aminocarboxylic acids of the general formulas IVa and IVb are those in which s is an integer from 1 to 1,000 and t is an integer from 1 to 4, preferably 1 or 2 and T is selected from the group consisting of phenylene and - (CH 2 ) n -, where n is 1, 5 or
- C5 can also be a polyoxazoline of the general formula V.
- C5 can also be a mixture of different aminocarboxylic acids and / or polyoxazolines.
- C5 can be used in amounts of 0.01 to 50, preferably 0.1 to 40,% by weight, based on the total amount of components A and B.
- components which can optionally be used to prepare the partially aromatic polyesters include compounds which contain at least three groups capable of ester formation.
- These compounds preferably contain three to ten functional groups which are capable of forming ester bonds. Particularly preferred such compounds have three to six functional groups of this type in the molecule, in particular three to six hydroxyl groups and / or carboxyl groups. Examples include:
- Triols and / or polyols such as glycerol, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolbutane, pentaerythritol, ditrimethylolpropane, sorbitol, erythritol, and 1, 3, 5-trihydroxybenzene; polyether triols; trimesic; Trime11itic acid, anhydride; Pyromellitic acid, dianhydride and hydroxyisophthalic acid.
- polyols such as glycerol, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolbutane, pentaerythritol, ditrimethylolpropane, sorbitol, erythritol, and 1, 3, 5-trihydroxybenzene
- polyether triols trimesic; Trime11itic acid, anhydride; Pyromellitic acid, dianhydride and hydroxyisophthalic acid.
- Compounds which contain at least three groups capable of ester formation are generally used in amounts of 0.01 to 5, preferably 0.05 to 4 mol%, based on component A.
- suitable components C are isocyanates.
- Aliphatic or aromatic diisocyanates or higher functional aliphatic or aromatic isocyanates can be used which have 2 to 6, preferably 2 to 4, and particularly preferably 2 or 3 reactive isocyanate groups.
- the preferred diisocyanates used are toluene-2,4-diisocyanate, toluene-2,6-diisocyanate, 2,2'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, naphthylene-l, 5-diisocyanate , Xylylene diisocyanate and hexamethylene diisocyanate understood.
- the divinyl ethers are preferably used in amounts of from 0.01 to 5, in particular from 0.2 to 4,% by weight, based on the total weight of A and B.
- the biodegradable, thermoplastic molding compositions preferably contain at least 30% by weight, particularly preferably at least 50% by weight and in particular at least 70% by weight of at least one biodegradable, thermoplastic copolyester, based on the total weight of the thermoplastic molding composition.
- the biodegradable, thermoplastic molding compositions contain 0.01 to 15% by weight, preferably 0.1 to
- thermoplastic molding composition 1 to 7% by weight and very particularly preferably 1.5 to 6% by weight, based on the total weight of the thermoplastic molding composition, at least one hydrophobically modified layered silicate or phyllosilicate.
- the biodegradable, thermoplastic molding compositions preferably contain at least 0.01 to 10% by weight, particularly preferably 0.02 to 8% by weight and in particular 0.1 to 6% by weight a hydrophobically modified layered silicate or phyllosilicate, based on the total weight of the thermoplastic molding composition.
- thermoplastic molding compositions for injection molding they preferably contain 0.01 to 15% by weight, particularly preferably 1 to 12% by weight and in particular 2 to 8% by weight of at least one hydrophobically modified layered silicate or Phyllosilicate, based on the total weight of the thermoplastic molding compound.
- Layered or phyllosilicates are generally understood to be silicates in which the SiO tetrahedra are connected in two-dimensional infinite networks. (The empirical formula for the anion is (Si 2 0 5 2_ ) n ). The individual layers are connected to one another by the cations lying between them, with Na, K, Mg, Al or / and Ca mostly being present as cations in the naturally occurring layered silicates.
- Examples of synthetic and natural layered silicates are montmorillonite, smectite, illite, sepiolite, palygorskite, muscovite, allevardite, amesite, hectorite, fluororectite, saponite, beidellite, talc, nontronite, stevensite, vermiculite, glendonite, glitonite, glitonite , Halloysite and fluorine-containing synthetic mica types called.
- Hydrophobically modified phyllosilicates within the meaning of the invention are to be understood as phyllosilicates in which the layer spacings are initially increased by reaction with hydrophobizing agents and a similar polarity to the polymer is achieved. Such an increase in the layer spacing and / or a change in the polarity until the mineral dressing is dissolved is also referred to as delamination.
- the layer thicknesses (mineral layer + hydrophobizing agent) of such silicates after delamination are usually from 5 to 100 ⁇ , preferably 5 to 50 ⁇ and in particular 8 to 20 ⁇ .
- the hydrophobization is generally carried out before the molding compositions according to the invention are produced.
- the layers are widened again, which in the molding compositions preferably leads to a layer spacing of at least 30 ⁇ , in particular at least 40 ⁇ .
- the copolymerization of at least some of the components constituting the copolyesters and / or at least partial amounts of the components constituting the copolyesters can be carried out in the presence of hydrophobicized layered silicate.
- the hydrophobically modified layered silicate in the molding composition preferably has a layer spacing in the range from 5 to 200 ⁇ , in particular 35 to 150 ⁇ and particularly preferably 45 to 100 ⁇ .
- Suitable organic water repellents are derived from oxonium, ammonium, phosphonium and sulfonium ions, which can carry one or more organic radicals. At least one organic radical, in particular one or two organic radicals, is preferably selected from hydrocarbons having more than 12 carbon atoms.
- the cations of the layered silicates are replaced by these organic hydrophobizing agents, the type of organic residue allowing the desired layer spacings and the polarity to be set, which depend on the type of the particular monomer or polymer into which the layered silicate is to be incorporated ,
- the metal ions can be exchanged completely or partially. A complete exchange of the metal ions is preferred.
- the amount of exchangeable metal ions is usually in milliequivalents (meq) per 100 g layered silicate and referred to as ion exchange capacity.
- the layered silicate Before the hydrophobization, preferably has a cation exchange capacity of at least 50 meq, in particular at least 60 meq and particularly preferably from 80 to 130 meq / 100 g.
- Suitable hydrophobizing agents are those of the general formula VI and / or VI ':
- R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 independently of one another represent hydrogen, a straight-chain or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 40, preferably 1 to 20, carbon atoms or
- R 4 and R 5 together with Q for a non-aromatic heterocyclic radical having 5 to 10 carbon atoms or
- R 4 , R 5 and R 6 together with Q represent a heteroaromatic radical having 5 to 10 carbon atoms, the hydrocarbon radicals optionally having one, two or three substituents, independently selected from hydroxy, alkoxy and aryl, and
- v ⁇ represents oxygen or sulfur
- v ⁇ is an anion or an anion equivalent
- Suitable anions are derived from proton-providing acids, in particular mineral acids, halides such as chloride, bromide, fluoride or iodide as well as sulfate, hydrogen sulfate, sulfonate, (di) hydrogen phosphate, phosphate, phosphonate, phosphite and carboxylate and in particular as anions Acetate are preferred.
- ammonium ions are suitable which have a hydrocarbon radical with 10 to 40 carbon atoms and three further radicals, independently selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl and C 1 -C 4 -hydroxyalkyl.
- alkylammonium z. B. laurylammonium, myristylammonium, palmitylammonium, stearylammonium, pyridinium, octadecylammonium, monomethyloctadecylammonium, dimethyloctadecylammonium ions and stearylbishydroxyethylmethylammonium ions, e.g. B. Stearylbishydroxyethylmethylammoniummethylsulfat, preferred.
- Suitable phosphonium Dicosyltrime- include for example thylphosphonium, Hexatriacontyltricyclohexylphosphonium, octadecyl cyltriethylphosphonium, Dicosyltriisobutylp osphonium, methyltri- nonylphosphonium, Ethyltrihexadecylphosphonium, Dimethyldidecyl- phosphonium, Diethyldioctadecylphosphonium, lylphosphonium Octadecyldiethylal-, Trioctylvinylbenzylphosphonium, hydroxyethylphosphonium Dioctydecylethyl-, Docosyldiethyldichlorbenzylphosphonium, Octylnonyldecylpropargylphosphonium, Triisobutylperfluordecyl- phosphonium, Eicosy
- Suitable water repellents include. a. in WO 93/4118, WO 93/4117, EP-A 398 551 and DE-A 36 32 865.
- Trialkylammonium salts and tetraalkylammonium salts are particularly suitable as hydrophobizing agents for the hydrophobically modified layered silicates.
- the layered silicates used as starting materials are generally hydrophobicized in the form of a suspension.
- the preferred suspending agent is water, optionally in a mixture with alcohols, especially lower alcohols with 1 to 3 carbon atoms. It can be advantageous to use a hydrocarbon, for example heptane, together with the aqueous medium, since the hydrophobicized layered silicates are usually more compatible with hydrocarbons than with water.
- suspending agents are ketones and hydrocarbons.
- a water-miscible solvent is usually preferred.
- the metal salt formed as a by-product of the ion exchange is preferably water-soluble, so that the hydrophobic layered silicate as a crystalline solid by z. B. filtering can be separated.
- the ion exchange is largely independent of the reaction temperature.
- the temperature is preferably above the crystallization point of the medium and below its boiling point. In aqueous systems, the temperature is between 0 and 100 ° C, preferably between room temperature (about 20 ° C) and 80 ° C.
- the layered silicates After the hydrophobization, the layered silicates have one
- Layer spacing from 5 to 100 ⁇ , preferably from 5 to 50 ⁇ and in particular from 8 to 20 ⁇ .
- the layer spacing usually means the distance from the lower layer edge of the upper layer to the upper layer edge of the lower layer.
- the length of the leaflets is usually up to 2,000 ⁇ , preferably up to 1,500 ⁇ .
- the biodegradable copolyesters can contain additives which can be incorporated in any stage or subsequently, for example into a melt of the biodegradable copolyesters, during the polymerization process.
- Stabilizers, neutralizing agents, lubricants and release agents, antiblocking agents, nucleating agents, dyes, in particular fluorescent dyes or fillers are mentioned as examples.
- additives can be added to the molding compositions.
- the molding compositions may contain, for example, 0.1 to 50% by weight or 1 to 30% by weight of additives.
- Suitable additives are, for example, particulate, non-hydrophobically modified fillers, such as carbon black, lignin powder, iron oxides, clay minerals, ores, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, barium sulfate and titanium dioxide, and auxiliaries, such as stabilizers, e.g. B. tocopherol (vitamin E), organic phosphorus compounds, mono-, di- and polyphenols, hydroquinones, diarylamines, thioethers.
- nucleating agent comes e.g. B. Talc.
- Lubricants and mold release agents based on hydrocarbons, fatty alcohols, higher carboxylic acids, metal salts of higher carboxylic acids such as calcium or zinc stearate, or montan waxes could also be included as additives.
- Such stabilizers etc. are described in detail in Kunststoff-Handbuch, Vol. 3/1, Carl Hanser Verlag, Kunststoff, 1992, pp. 24 to 28.
- the molding compositions according to the invention can furthermore contain fibrous fillers. > Ul tt F>
- F- d F- F- a ⁇ er d to er F- et
- the molding compositions according to the invention can in a known manner, for. B. by extrusion and / or injection molding.
- the molding compositions according to the invention will contain customary additives which are coordinated with the respective further processing.
- Such additives are known to the person skilled in the art.
- the films produced from the molding compositions according to the invention show at least comparable tear strength with simultaneously increased tensile strength and improved or comparable elongation at break.
- the composting of the films is hardly influenced by the addition of layered silicate according to the invention. A reduction in tool life is also not observed.
- the molding compositions according to the invention enable processing by injection molding.
- the moldings, films or fibers obtained from the molding compositions according to the invention are new and are therefore also the subject of the present application.
- the copolyester was produced in a stirred reactor in a nitrogen atmosphere. 4,700 g of 1,4-butanediol, 7,000 g of adipic acid and 10 g of tetrabutyl orthotitanate (TBOT) were reacted at a temperature of 230 to 240 ° C. in the reactor. After the majority of the water formed in the reaction had been distilled off, 7,620 g of dimethyl terephthalate, 3,900 g of 1,4-butanediol and a further 10 g of TBOT were added and the batch was heated to 180.degree. The methanol formed during the transesterification reaction was distilled off. Within The mixture was heated to 230 ° C.
- TBOT tetrabutyl orthotitanate
- copolyester prepared as above was either using a ZSK 25 twin-screw extruder from Werner & Pfleiderer at 160 ° C. with the amounts given in the table (examples B1 to B3 according to the invention) of a montmorillonite (cloisite 30 A or Southern Clay Product) or (comparative examples VB2 to VB5) assembled with chalk and the resulting molding compound granulated.
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Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19943774 | 1999-09-13 | ||
| DE19943774A DE19943774A1 (de) | 1999-09-13 | 1999-09-13 | Biologisch abbaubare, thermoplastische Formmassen |
| PCT/EP2000/008913 WO2001019909A1 (de) | 1999-09-13 | 2000-09-12 | Biologisch abbaubare, thermoplastische formmassen |
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|---|---|
| EP1228138A1 true EP1228138A1 (de) | 2002-08-07 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| EP00965984A Withdrawn EP1228138A1 (de) | 1999-09-13 | 2000-09-12 | Biologisch abbaubare, thermoplastische formmassen |
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|---|---|
| US (1) | US7015269B1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1228138A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2003509559A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE19943774A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2001019909A1 (de) |
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| US7625994B2 (en) | 2002-07-30 | 2009-12-01 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Sulfonated aliphatic-aromatic copolyetheresters |
| JP4256754B2 (ja) * | 2002-09-27 | 2009-04-22 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | ポリエステル樹脂組成物 |
| US6787245B1 (en) | 2003-06-11 | 2004-09-07 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Sulfonated aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters and shaped articles produced therefrom |
| US7144632B2 (en) | 2003-06-11 | 2006-12-05 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Aliphatic-aromatic polyetherester compositions, articles, films, coating and laminates and processes for producing same |
| US7220815B2 (en) | 2003-07-31 | 2007-05-22 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Sulfonated aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters and shaped articles produced therefrom |
| US7452927B2 (en) | 2004-01-30 | 2008-11-18 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Aliphatic-aromatic polyesters, and articles made therefrom |
| US20050250931A1 (en) * | 2004-05-05 | 2005-11-10 | Mitsubishi Plastics, Inc. | Shredder dust for recycling, molding for shredder dust and a method for recovering lactide from the shredder dust as well as molding formed from the lactide |
| US7678444B2 (en) * | 2007-12-17 | 2010-03-16 | International Paper Company | Thermoformed article made from renewable polymer and heat-resistant polymer |
| US20090274920A1 (en) * | 2008-05-05 | 2009-11-05 | International Paper Company | Thermoformed Article Made From Bio-Based Biodegradable Polymer Composition |
| WO2011071666A1 (en) * | 2009-12-08 | 2011-06-16 | International Paper Company | Thermoformed articles made from reactive extrusion products of biobased materials |
| WO2013123364A1 (en) | 2012-02-17 | 2013-08-22 | Andersen Corporation | Polylactic acid containing building component |
| EP3337844A1 (de) * | 2015-08-20 | 2018-06-27 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Funktionalisierte polyesterpolymere und filmartikel |
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| DE3173154D1 (en) * | 1980-11-18 | 1986-01-16 | Ici Plc | Beta-hydroxybutyrate polymers |
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| US5097005A (en) | 1990-05-11 | 1992-03-17 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Novel copolyesters and their use in compostable products such as disposable diapers |
| JP3044857B2 (ja) * | 1991-09-12 | 2000-05-22 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | プラスチック製容器 |
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| DE4440858A1 (de) * | 1994-11-15 | 1996-05-23 | Basf Ag | Biologisch abbaubare Polymere, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung sowie deren Verwendung zur Herstellung bioabbaubarer Formkörper |
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| JP4431204B2 (ja) | 1998-09-01 | 2010-03-10 | 日工株式会社 | ミキサへの材料投入方法 |
| AR022140A1 (es) * | 1998-12-31 | 2002-09-04 | Kimberly Clark Co | Una composicion de materia, una pelicula y un articulo que comprenden dicha composicion y el proceso para hacer dicha composicion |
| WO2001074555A1 (en) * | 2000-03-31 | 2001-10-11 | Holy Norman L | Compostable, degradable plastic compositions and articles thereof |
| US6368710B1 (en) * | 2000-12-19 | 2002-04-09 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Sulfonated aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters |
| US6808795B2 (en) * | 2001-03-27 | 2004-10-26 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer and polylactic acid polymer compositions for laminates and films |
| US6608167B1 (en) * | 2002-03-26 | 2003-08-19 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Bis(2-hydroxyethyl isosorbide); preparation, polymers derived therefrom, and enduses thereby |
| US6787245B1 (en) * | 2003-06-11 | 2004-09-07 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Sulfonated aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters and shaped articles produced therefrom |
-
1999
- 1999-09-13 DE DE19943774A patent/DE19943774A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2000
- 2000-09-12 EP EP00965984A patent/EP1228138A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-09-12 WO PCT/EP2000/008913 patent/WO2001019909A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2000-09-12 US US10/088,407 patent/US7015269B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-09-12 JP JP2001523683A patent/JP2003509559A/ja not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO0119909A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE19943774A1 (de) | 2001-03-15 |
| WO2001019909A1 (de) | 2001-03-22 |
| US7015269B1 (en) | 2006-03-21 |
| JP2003509559A (ja) | 2003-03-11 |
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