Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
  • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
  • E04C3/29—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
  • E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
  • E04B5/32—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
  • E04C3/30—Columns; Pillars; Struts
  • E04C3/34—Columns; Pillars; Struts of concrete other stone-like material, with or without permanent form elements, with or without internal or external reinforcement, e.g. metal coverings
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
  • E04G11/00—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
  • E04G11/36—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for floors, ceilings, or roofs of plane or curved surfaces end formpanels for floor shutterings
  • E04G11/365—Stop-end shutterings
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
  • E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
  • E04B5/32—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements
  • E04B2005/322—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with permanent forms for the floor edges

Definitions

• the invention relates to lost formwork for pouring concrete, and more particularly to lost formwork comprising elements made of plastic.
• One field of application of the invention is the production of formwork for balcony ends.
• the invention can, however, be used for other specific applications, such as the formwork of beams, posts, slab edges, floors, etc.
• Document WO 96/10120-A also discloses lost formwork elements having a base from which protrudes an elevation part, these formwork elements used for the manufacture of a slab in which they are finally embedded.
• document DE 29 46 047-A shows a lost formwork in two parts which hold a light prefabricated panel lining the outer edge of a slab.
• the object of the invention is to propose a formwork solution making it possible to form forms quickly and easily, in particular for end caps for balconies, beams, posts, slab edges, floors, etc.
• the object of the invention is to propose a set of formwork elements making it possible to produce formwork individuals in a less complex way than with traditional techniques.
• lost formwork elements comprising: at least one base element and one elevation element which each have an external face and an internal face, and which are capable of being connected to each other. another, at an angle, along two respective longitudinal edges; and at least one tie-forming connecting element for connecting the internal faces of the base element and the lifting element to each other; the base element being made in one piece with a first connection part along a first longitudinal edge and at least one rib formed on its internal face, the lifting element being made in one piece with a connection part, complementary to the first connection part of the base element, along a first longitudinal edge, and at least one rib formed on its internal face.
• At least one additional lifting element, or raising element having an external face and an internal face, produced in a single piece with a connection part situated along a first longitudinal edge and at least a rib formed on its internal face, so as to allow the connection of a raising element substantially in the extension of an elevating element.
• the external faces intended to remain visible of the elevation element and of the additional elevation element have a finished appearance, which makes the addition of a facing unnecessary.
• the base element, the lifting element, the connecting element and the raising element are advantageously made of plastic.
• Other materials, for example metallic materials could however be used.
• the ribs formed on the internal faces of the base element, of the lifting element and of the raising element constitute primers or anchorages of tie rod to which a connecting element can be connected.
• several substantially planar ribs are formed on the internal face of the base element with different inclinations relative to this face to be substantially aligned with ribs formed on the internal face of a lifting element or an extension element connected to the latter.
• the internal faces of the base element, the lifting element and the raising element each have at least one rib having a profile part in the shape of a circular groove in which can engaging a correspondingly shaped end of a tie rod, so that a possibility of variation of the angle formed between a tie rod and the internal face of an element to which it is connected is provided.
• the tie-forming connecting element is of adjustable length. It can be produced in the form of a telescopic rod.
• the base element has a second connection part along a second longitudinal edge parallel to the first, to allow connection with an additional base element located in its extension.
• At least one key or key can then be provided in the form of a profile having connection parts along two longitudinal edges, to allow the connection between two base elements located in the extension of one another, along two respective longitudinal edges.
• at least one strip in the form of a profile capable of cooperating with connecting or connecting parts of two base elements, two elevating elements or two raising elements, in order to make a connection. between them when arranged side by side with two adjacent respective end edges.
• the elevation element or elements and the optional elevation element (s) constitute, by their external faces, the external facing of the balcony end, said faces external may have a non-rectilinear ornamental profile.
• FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a first mode of production of a lost formwork in accordance with the invention, for the formwork of a balcony end;
• - Figure 2 is a partial top view of the formwork of Figure 1;
• - Figure 3 is a partial elevational view, on the internal side, of the formwork of Figure 1;
• FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an alternative embodiment of the formwork of Figure 1;
• FIG. 5 is a detailed view on an enlarged scale and in cross section of a base member of the formwork of Figure 1;
• FIG. 6 is a detail view on an enlarged scale and in cross section of an element for raising the formwork of Figure 1;
• FIG. 7 is a detail view on an enlarged scale and in cross section of an element for raising the formwork of Figure 1;
• - Figure 8 is a detail view on an enlarged scale and in cross section of an additional base element of the formwork of Figure 4;
• FIG. 9 is a detail view on an enlarged scale and in cross section of a strip of the formwork of Figure 1;
• - Figures 10 and 11 are partial schematic views in cross section showing two alternative forms of lost formwork for balcony end;
• FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a lost formwork for balcony end, according to a second embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 13 is an enlarged view showing an alternative embodiment of a telescopic tie for a formwork such as that of Figure 12;
• FIG. 14 is a partial view of an alternative embodiment of the tie of Figure 13;
• FIGS 15A and 15B are views on an enlarged scale showing another alternative embodiment of a tie for a formwork such as that of Figure 12;
• FIG. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a lost formwork for beam according to a variant of the first embodiment of the invention.
• - Figure 17 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a lost formwork for beam according to a variant of the second embodiment of the invention
• - Figure 18 is a schematic sectional view showing a lost formwork for slab end, according to a variant of the first embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 19 is a schematic sectional view showing a lost formwork for slab end, according to a variant of the second embodiment of the invention.
• the lost formwork of Figures 1 to 3 essentially comprises a row of horizontal base elements 10 connected along a longitudinal outer edge 10a, to a row of vertical elevation elements
• the elements 10, 20, 30 define, by their external faces 11, 21, 31 which have a finished appearance, the facing of a balcony end or nose.
• tie rods 40 which connect the internal faces of the base elements 10 to those of the extension elements 30. Additional stiffening of the formwork can be achieved by additional tie rods (shown in lines interrupted only in FIG. 1) connecting the internal faces of the base elements 10 to those of the elevation elements 20.
• connection between adjacent base elements 10 is ensured by means of sections of strips 50 which are engaged over a certain length in the internal longitudinal edges 10b of the base elements. Strips, for example the same strips 50, can be used to ensure the connection between adjacent raising elements 30 along the upper longitudinal edges 30b thereof.
• Figure 4 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the formwork of Figure 1 in which the row of base elements 10 is completed by a row of additional base elements 70 while an additional row of extension elements 30 is provided .
• the additional basic elements 70 are identical to the raising elements 30.
• the basic elements 10 are standard elements. They are advantageously produced by extrusion from a plastic material such as, for example, polyvinyl chloride (PVC). It is the same for the lifting elements 20, the raising elements 30, and the strips 50. However, the elements 10, 20, 30, 50 can be made of materials other than plastics, for example in metal, or plastic reinforced with fibers such as carbon or glass fibers.
• a plastic material such as, for example, polyvinyl chloride (PVC). It is the same for the lifting elements 20, the raising elements 30, and the strips 50.
• PVC polyvinyl chloride
• the elements 10, 20, 30, 50 can be made of materials other than plastics, for example in metal, or plastic reinforced with fibers such as carbon or glass fibers.
• the number of base, elevation and extension elements in each row depends on the length of the balcony to be made. If necessary, elements can be easily sawn to adapt to the desired length.
• one or two rows of extension elements are provided.
• the presence and number of rows of additional basic elements will be determined as required.
• Figure 5 shows in more detail a basic element
• connection part 12 in cross section.
• the connection part 12 is a female part oriented vertically upwards. It has a housing 12a formed between two walls 12b, 12c.
• the part 12b located on the inner side tilts inwards, at least in its terminal part and is extended by a horizontal flange 12d constituting a locking part.
• the base element 10 has a second connection part 14 similar to the connection part 12 but oriented horizontally.
• the base element 10 has a part 16 forming a chute open downwards to constitute, in a well known manner, a gutter for stopping a drop of water.
• the base element 10 On the upper side, the base element 10 has several ribs projecting from its internal upper face 13. These ribs contribute to the stiffening of the base element and allow the attachment of the concrete and the connection with the tie rods 40.
• the different ribs protrude from the same location on the internal face 13. As a variant, they can be connected to this internal face in several different locations.
• a rib 17 extends perpendicular to the internal face 13.
• Two other ribs 18, 19 extend in an inclined direction forward with respect to the internal face 13. The inclinations are different and determined to be coplanar with corresponding ribs formed on the inner faces of the elevating element and the raising element, as described below.
• An elevation element 20 is shown in detail and in cross section in FIG. 6. It comprises, along its lower edge 20a, a connection part 22 complementary to the connection part 12 of the base element.
• the connection part 22 is a rib with a profile complementary to that of the housing 12a with a shoulder 22d on which the flange 12d can bear.
• the connection part 22 is introduced into the connection part 12, thanks to the capacity for elastic deformation of the walls 12b and 12c and the flange 12d is snapped onto the shoulder 22d at the end of introduction.
• the elevation element 20 has a connecting portion 24. This has, in the example illustrated, a shape identical to the connection part 12 of the base element 10.
• the elevation element 20 On its internal face 23, the elevation element 20 has ribs intended to stiffen the element 20 and allow the attachment of the concrete and the connection with tie rods 40.
• two ribs 27, 28 extend perpendicular to the wall 23 at two different levels thereof, while a rib 29 located in the vicinity of the connection portion 24 is inclined downward relative to the wall 23. The inclination is chosen so that the ribs 29 and 19 are coplanar when the elements 10 and 20 are assembled to allow the connection by a tie rod 40 between the ribs 19 and 29.
• the rib 27 may be given a planar shape or, as in the example illustrated, a similar shape to that of the connection part 12, which ensures better stiffening of the element 20 and allows, if necessary, to introduce strip sections between elevation elements aligned longitudinally.
• FIG. 7 shows in detail a riser
• connection part 32 in longitudinal section. It comprises, along its lower edge 30a, a connection part 32. This is identical to the connection part 22 of the lifting element and therefore has a profile complementary to that of the connection part 24 in which it engages when the lifting and raising elements are assembled along their edges 20b, 30a.
• the raising element may have another connecting part 34.
• This for example identical to the connecting part 24 of the lifting element, allows a connection with a possible additional raising element, or the introduction of horizontal strip sections.
• the raising element 30 On its internal face 33, the raising element 30 has ribs. One, 37, extends perpendicular to the wall 33, while two other ribs 38, 39 extend downwardly inclined relative to the wall 33.
• the inclination of the rib 38 is chosen to be coplanar with the rib 18 of the base element when the latter is assembled with an elevation element and an extension element, to allow the connection by a tie rod 40 between the ribs 18 and 38 (case of FIG. 1) .
• the rib 39 is used in the case where an additional base element 70 is assembled with the base element 10 (case of FIG. 4).
• the additional base element being similar to an extension element, it has, as shown in FIG. 8, a connection part 72 along its longitudinal edge 70a, complementary to the connection part 14 of the base element 10.
• the element 70 has a connection part 74 identical to the connection part 34.
• the additional base element 70 has, on the side of its internal face 73, ribs 77, 78, 79 identical to the ribs 37, 38, 39.
• the inclination of the ribs 39, 79 is chosen so that they are coplanar in the configuration of FIG. 4, so as to allow a connection by tie rods 40.
• Figure 9 shows a strip 50 in cross section. This has a profile corresponding to that of a connection part 22 or connection 32. A section of such a strip engages in the connection or connection parts 24, 34 or 74 along the free edges d elevation elements 20, raising elements 30 or additional base elements 70, or in the connecting parts 14 along the longitudinal edges 10b of the base elements 10.
• the base 10 and elevation 20 elements as well as the raising elements 30 and any additional base 70 are assembled. Strips 50 are then placed along the free longitudinal edges of the formwork. After the installation of reinforcements, the tie rods 40 are fixed to ensure a solid connection between the horizontal and vertical parts of the formwork.
• the tie rods 40 are for example constituted by strips of plastic material, such as injected PVC, or strips of metal strip ( Figures 2, 3), or strips of plastic material reinforced with carbon or glass fibers.
• the tie rods 40 have a width of a few cm and are spaced from each other by a few tens of cm. They have perforations along their end edges which are matched with holes formed in the ribs projecting from the internal faces of the elements of the formwork.
• bars or rods of cylindrical shape can be used, as described below.
• tie rods joining only the elements furthest from the horizontal and vertical parts of the formwork, for example the basic elements with the enhancement elements, in the case of FIG. 1, or the additional basic elements with the additional enhancement elements , in the case of FIG. 4.
• additional tie rods for example joining the basic elements to the elevation elements, in the case of FIG. 1, or joining the basic elements to the elevation elements and / or to the first raising elements, in the case of FIG. 4.
• Longitudinal connections between tie rods can possibly be ensured by means of strips 60, for example identical to strips 50, and provided with holes for this purpose.
• the fixing of the tie rods on the ribs forming the starters of the tie rods or on the strips is carried out by any suitable means, for example by riveting or "clipping".
• connection and connection parts of the formwork elements have been described.
• these parts can be given any shape suitable in particular for the production of a connection with mutual locking.
• the external shuttering faces constituting the facing of the balcony nose we can give them any shape and any aspect corresponding to a desired ornamental effect, for example a stepped shape (figure 10) or a dome shape (figure 11) for the elements of elevation and enhancement.
• Figure 12 shows a second embodiment of a lost formwork according to the invention. It comprises a row of horizontal base elements 110 connected along a longitudinal edge 110a, to a row of vertical elevation elements 120 surmounted by a row of vertical elevation elements 130.
• the external faces 111, 121 and 131 define the external facing.
• the connection between the horizontal and vertical parts of the formwork is reinforced by tie rods 140.
• the formwork of Figure 12 differs from that of Figure 1 by the shape of the ribs provided on the inner faces 113, 123 and 133 of the elements 110, 120, and 133 for the attachment of the ends of the tie rods 140, as well only by the shape of these.
• the basic element 110 has, along its longitudinal edges 110a and 110b, connection parts 112, 114 similar to those 12 and 14 of the element 10 of FIG. 5, as well as a part 116 forming chute open down.
• connection parts 112, 114 similar to those 12 and 14 of the element 10 of FIG. 5, as well as a part 116 forming chute open down.
• the ribs 17, 18, 19 of the element 10 are replaced by a single rib 118 with a profile in the shape of a groove with a circular section.
• the elevation element 120 has, along its longitudinal edges 120a and 120b, a connection part 122 and a connection part 124 similar to those 22 and 24 of the element 20 of FIG. 6, and on its face internally a rib 127 similar to the rib 27 of the element 10.
• the ribs 28 and 29 of the element 20 are replaced by ribs 128, 129 with a profile in the shape of a groove with a circular section.
• the raising element 130 has, along its longitudinal edges 130a and 130b, connecting parts 132, 134 similar to those 32, 34 of the raising element 30 of FIG. 7, but the ribs 37, 38, 39 of the latter are replaced by ribs 138, 139 with a groove-shaped profile with circular section, similar to the ribs 128, 129.
• an additional base element 170 (shown in broken lines in FIG. 12), similar to an extension element 130, can be assembled with the base element 110, the along the edge 110b of the latter.
• the basic element 120 has, along its longitudinal edge 170a, a connecting part 172 which engages in the connecting part 114, and, along its other longitudinal edge 170b, a connecting part 174. From internal side 173, a rib 178 similar to the rib 138 is formed.
• Strip sections 150 similar to the strip 50 of FIG. 9 are used to connect the adjacent longitudinal ends of base elements 110 (in the absence of additional base elements 170), of elevation elements 120 ( in the absence of element riser), riser elements 130 or additional base elements 170 of the same row, engaging a certain length in the connection or connection parts 114, 124, 134, 174.
• the tie rods 140 are fixed to ensure a solid connection between the elements of the formwork.
• the tie rods 140 are made for example of plastic, such as PVC injected into metal, or of plastic reinforced with carbon fibers or glass.
• FIG. 12 shows a tie 140 whose ends are engaged in the ribs 118 and 138.
• a tie 140 ' is used (shown in broken lines in Figure 12), which engages in the ribs 1 18 and 128.
• a tie rod 140 "(shown in broken lines in FIG. 12) is used which engages in the ribs 178 and 138.
• the openings of the ribs 118, 128, 138 and 178 are oriented so as to allow the engagement of the ends of the tie rods 140.
• sections 142, 144 at the ends of the tie 140 are offset from the longitudinal direction of the profile to allow their engagement in the respective grooves respecting the angle formed by the tie with respect to the base and enhancement elements.
• the profiles can be offset, one up and the other down to reduce the stress on the tie rod in bending.
• FIG. 13 shows an advantageous embodiment of a tie rod 140.
• This comprises a rod 146 with two parts 146a, 146b carrying threads of opposite directions on either side of a central core 148.
• the parts d 'end 142, 144 are in the form of sleeves screwed to the ends of the rod 146.
• Each sleeve carries a profile of cylindrical shape 142a, 144a capable of engaging in a groove of corresponding shape carried by a rib of a base element or elevation.
• the rod 146 with the sleeves 142, 144 are for example made of plastic, but could also be metallic.
• the tie rods 140 are thus in the form of telescopic rods, the length of which, after fitting the sections 142a, 144a, can be adjusted by simple rotation of the core 148 in one direction or the other.
• the tie rod 140 can be extended by screwing on the end portions 142 and / or 144 of additional rods 146 ′, 146 "similar to the rod 146. Any desired length can thus be obtained by adding rods end to end According to an alternative embodiment (Fig. 14), the end part
• the lug 145 allows the end 142 to be fixed by nailing (as shown in broken lines) on an underlying support.
• FIGS. 15A and 15B illustrate an alternative embodiment of a tie rod 240 connecting shuttering elements, such as the tie rods 140, 140 ′ and 140 "of FIG. 12.
• the tie rod 240 is formed of two elements 240a, 240b made for example of injected plastic and provided on at least part of their length with notches 242.
• the element 240a has one end shaped to engage in a groove 118, 128, 138 or 178, as well as the element 240b.
• the notches 242 have a slightly trapezoidal profile.
• a tie of desired length is obtained by adjusting the respective positions of the elements 240a, 240b in the longitudinal direction and by joining them by mutual engagement slightly by force of the notches.
• the elements 240a, 240b are in the form of strips, or bars.
• One of them, for example the element 240a, can be provided with notches 242, 244 on its two faces.
• the notches 242 cooperate with those of the element 240b, while the notches 244 can cooperate with notches 246 of a longitudinal connecting strip 250 connecting tie rods 240 in the longitudinal direction.
• the connection between the strip 250 and each tie 240 can be completed by riveting, in addition to the connection by mutual engagement of the notches 244, 246.
• the pitch of the notches 242 is chosen according to the desired adjustment precision of the length of the tie 240. It is for example of the order of one to a few mm.
• telescopic tie rods can be used, for example tie rods formed of tubular elements with a suitable profile sliding one inside the other, the elements being provided with holes making it possible to block them mutually in the longitudinal direction by means of pins.
• tie rods such as that for example of FIGS. 13 or 15A, 15B could also be adopted for the tie rod 40 of FIGS. 1 and 4.
• Figure 16 shows an application of formwork elements similar to those described above with reference to Figures 1 to 9 for the production of a lost formwork for beam.
• the illustrated formwork is produced by means of two sets of elements 10, 20, 30 as shown in FIG. 1, placed opposite one another, the gutter 16 of the elements 10 being omitted.
• the elements 20, 30, located on each side, correspond to two longitudinal edges of the beam.
• the assembly of these two sets is achieved by connection at the longitudinal edges 10b provided with connection parts 14.
• a profile 80 forming a key is used.
• the latter has, on each side, a connection part 82 identical to the connection part 22 of an elevation element.
• the key 80 extends over the entire length of the formwork.
• the number of possible raising elements 30 is chosen as a function of the desired height of the beam. Only one basic element can be used, this then being provided with connection parts similar to the parts 12 along its two longitudinal edges.
• the tie rods 40 are fixed, on each side of the formwork, after having put in place reinforcements (not shown). Each tie rod 40 connects a basic element to the neighboring raising (and / or elevation) element. Additional tie rods 46 can be provided, which connect the horizontal ribs 37 of the facing extension elements.
• tie rods 48 can be arranged to connect the horizontal ribs 27 of the elevating elements facing each other.
• the external faces of the elevation elements 20 and of enhancement 30 have a finished appearance.
• Figure 17 is similar to Figure 16, but using shuttering elements 110, 120 and 130 similar to those described with reference to Figures 12 and 13, the chute 1 16 of the basic elements being omitted.
• the formwork elements 110 are connected along their adjacent longitudinal edges by a key 180 engaged in the connection parts 114.
• tie rods 140 connecting the base elements to the raising (and / or elevating) elements, tie rods 146 can be provided which have ends of cylindrical shape engaged in the grooves of the ribs 139 of the raising elements which face each other.
• tie rods 148 (shown in dashed lines) can be provided which have ends engaged in the grooves of the ribs 129 of the elevating elements facing each other, the tie rods 148 then being arranged in intervals between tie rods 140.
• the openings in the grooves of the ribs 129, 139 are oriented according to the provisions of the tie rods 146, 148.
• Lost formwork elements according to the invention can also be used for the production of posts. If applicable, for this purpose, the embodiments of FIGS. 16 and 17 will then be modified by connecting the longitudinal edges 30b, 130b of the raising elements by elements having connection parts adapted to engage in the connection parts 34, 134.
• FIG. 18 shows yet another application of shuttering elements similar to those described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 9.
• the formwork is put in place after laying a pre-slab 2 with steel on standby (not shown).
• Basic elements 10 ' are fixed, for example nailed, on the head of the wall. They are assembled with a row of elevating elements 20 and one or more rows of raising elements 30, the external faces of which have a finished appearance. Intervals are made between basic elements arranged in a row to allow a connection between the concrete of the slab to be made and that of the wall. Tie rods 40 are fixed after having put in place reinforcements of the slab and chaining at the end of the latter. As shown in FIG. 17, it is possible to use basic elements 10 ′ which are distinguished from elements 10 by the omission of the trough 16 and of the connection part 14.
• Figure 19 is similar to Figure 18, but using shuttering elements 110 ', 120 and 130 similar to those described with reference to Figures 12 and 13.
• the basic elements 110' are distinguished from elements 110 by the omission of the chute 116 and the connection portion 114.
• the applications of the lost formwork elements according to the invention are not limited to those described above.
• they can be used for balconies, or other parts of building for which the installation of traditional formwork is not easy.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Composite Materials (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)

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• 1999
  • 1999-10-15 FR FR9912879A patent/FR2799780B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2000
  • 2000-10-13 WO PCT/FR2000/002861 patent/WO2001029343A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2000-10-13 EP EP00968040A patent/EP1224362A1/de not_active Withdrawn

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