EP1218471B1 - Procede et dispositif pour la production de gaz combustibles a pouvoir calorifique eleve - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif pour la production de gaz combustibles a pouvoir calorifique eleve Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1218471B1
EP1218471B1 EP00969430A EP00969430A EP1218471B1 EP 1218471 B1 EP1218471 B1 EP 1218471B1 EP 00969430 A EP00969430 A EP 00969430A EP 00969430 A EP00969430 A EP 00969430A EP 1218471 B1 EP1218471 B1 EP 1218471B1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
solid particles
bed
heating
reaction zone
gasification
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP00969430A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1218471A1 (fr
Inventor
Thomas Steer
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/54—Gasification of granular or pulverulent fuels by the Winkler technique, i.e. by fluidisation
    • C10J3/56—Apparatus; Plants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/482—Gasifiers with stationary fluidised bed
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/09—Mechanical details of gasifiers not otherwise provided for, e.g. sealing means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0973—Water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
    • C10J2300/1246—Heating the gasifier by external or indirect heating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
    • C10J2300/1261—Heating the gasifier by pulse burners

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for recovering high-calorie fuel gases and a device for carrying out the method.
  • Substantial advantage of the gasification compared to the combustion is that in the Starting substance contained pollutants in a reducing atmosphere in components or converted into relatively simple chemical compounds.
  • the gas volumes are significantly smaller compared to the combustion, so that a gas cleaning at Gasification compared to combustion with the same objective easier and less expensive can be done.
  • the allothermal water vapor gasification of solid, pasty or liquid fuels usually finds in one to ensure uniform reaction conditions Fluidized bed instead.
  • This is a bed of small solid particles from below with Steam streamed. The flow velocity is so great that the solid particles at least held in suspense.
  • One speaks of a stationary one Fluidized bed when the solid particles have a well-defined surface with ascending Form gas bubbles, while in a circulating fluidized bed, the essential Part of the solid particles discharged with the gas stream from the fluidized bed reactor, separated from the gas stream and then over a fall distance again the the lower part of the actual fluidized bed reactor is supplied.
  • the solid particles may be inert, e.g. quartz sand, limestone, dolomite, corundum or similar; she However, they can also consist of the ashes of the fuel.
  • the solid particles can accelerate the gasification reactions by catalytic properties.
  • a fluidized bed is a proven and widely used technology for many years. Areas of application are e.g. the drying and combustion of solids or from muds. Basis of each fluidized bed process is a reactor in which a Solid inventory is loosened by flow from the bottom so far that the individual particles begin to float in the air, the solid inventory is fluidized.
  • the method according to the invention and the invention Device no heating device in the reaction chamber.
  • inventive Method and the inventive device are not limited to special heaters, but allow the use of any heating devices, in particular tubular heat exchanger.
  • no fuel particles get out of the reducing into an oxidizing zone.
  • the embodiment of the reaction space be made regardless of the geometric specifications for the heating, so that the size of the device according to the invention can be optimized.
  • the descending first bed by injection of a gas loosened or slightly fluidized, causing advantageously prevents undesirable agglomeration of the solid particles and the transport of the bed material is supported.
  • the heating medium in the heat release to pulsate on the descending first bed in the heat exchanger.
  • the heat transfer from the heat exchanger to the descending first Bed improved.
  • the gasification can take place under pressure or under atmospheric conditions.
  • the carbonaceous substances may consist of liquid, pasty or solid substances, especially from coke, petroleum, biomass or waste materials. advantageously, thus, the inventive method allows the processing of a variety of carbonaceous substances.
  • water vapor is used as a gasifying agent.
  • the Heating area and the reaction area by a different fluidization of the Be separated fluidized bed wherein the different fluidization a circulation of the Bed material caused by one or more substantially horizontal axis.
  • the im Essential horizontal axes can be closed annularly.
  • These Embodiment of the device according to the invention is particularly characterized a compact design.
  • Device are the heating area and the reaction area through a wall separated. Furthermore, the heating area and the reaction area can each be in one own reactor to be formed. These two embodiments offer the advantage a safe separation of the heating area from the reaction area by constructive Activities.
  • the device for the transfer of the heated solid particles may be a wall opening or a pipe. Furthermore, this facility can be used for the transfer of the heated solid particles in a lower region of the heating be provided. In a preferred embodiment, this device a nozzle bottom, with the help of a slight fluidization of the solid particles can be done in the heating.
  • the indirect Heat supply device at least one of a heating medium flowed through Heat exchanger, which is provided in or on the heating area.
  • Heat exchanger as a heat supply device simplifies the construction of the reactor.
  • the heat exchanger may have at least one resonance tube, in which the heating medium in the heat transfer to the heating pulsating flows.
  • the resonance tube can resonant with a Combustion chamber be connected.
  • the generation of the desired resonance can also with the help of an acoustic vibrator, which is separate from the combustion chamber is arranged.
  • the means for generating the ascending, fluidizing fluidized bed a in a lower region of the reaction area provided nozzle bottom.
  • a nozzle bottom offers the advantage of being even inject the fluidizing medium into the reaction zone.
  • the device for separating the gases produced during the gasification from the solid particles can be a cyclone.
  • a device for the transfer the solid particles from the reaction area provided in the heating area be. This device may be a wall opening or a pipe. preferably, this device is provided in an upper region of the reaction region.
  • the supply area for the carbonaceous substances can open into the heating area.
  • a supply device for the carbonaceous substances also in open the reaction area.
  • the embodiment of the device according to the invention shown in FIG. 1 comprises a reaction zone 3 in which carbonaceous substances are gasified.
  • the carbonaceous Substances are located in an ascending, fluidized fluidized bed 2, which is generated by means of the device 4 in the reaction region 3.
  • These in the bottom Provided area of the reaction region 3 means 4, for example, a open or closed nozzle bottom, through which the fluidizing medium Steam is injected.
  • the water vapor can be mixed with gases.
  • the Nozzle bottom 15 delimits the reaction region 3, in which the fluidized bed 2 is formed is.
  • Trigger from which e.g. Bedding, impurities from the fuel, ashes and Unreacted fuel components can be deducted.
  • the embodiment shown further comprises a heating region 6, which from the reaction region 3 through a device 9 is separated.
  • a heating region 6 which from the reaction region 3 through a device 9 is separated.
  • a nozzle bottom 22 may be arranged, flows through the steam, the to Improving the transport of material that loosens up the bed material of the heating zone or slightly fluidized.
  • a device 8 for the indirect Heat supply arranged in the heating region 6, in the heating region 6, a device 8 for the indirect Heat supply arranged.
  • This heat supply device 8 for example, a or more heat exchangers.
  • the present invention is not limited to the specific arrangement of the heat exchanger 12 shown in FIG. 1 is limited, but that other arrangements, for example, on the wall of the heating area 6, are also conceivable.
  • a planar heat exchanger for example, in the wall the heating area 6 is integrated, are used.
  • the provided in the heating heat exchanger 12 may partially from resonance tubes 13 exist in which the heating medium in the heat dissipation in the heating 6 pulsating flows.
  • the resonance tubes 13 are for generating the resonance vibration with a combustion chamber, not shown, or other resonant generator connected.
  • the heating of the heating medium takes place directly by combustion a combustible substance with oxygen-containing gas.
  • the heating of the solid particles thus takes place separately from the taking place in the reaction chamber 3 gasification. Due to the weak fluidization of the heating area forms there a slow descending bed 1, while due to the strong fluidization of the reaction region 3 there is a fast ascending fluidized bed 2 forms.
  • the heat exchanger 12 in the slow descending bed 1 is the strong mechanical abrasion of the Heat exchanger, which previously took place in the prior art, reduced. Furthermore is the heat exchanger 12 in the heating less severe corrosion effects exposed in the reaction region 6. This means that the reactor thereby a longer Life has.
  • the heating area 6 is connected to the reaction area 3 via a device 7, with their help the heated in the heating area 6 solid particles in the reaction area 3 are transferred.
  • this device 7 as Wall opening 10 is formed.
  • This device 7 can also be, for example, as Be formed pipe.
  • the device 7 have a nozzle bottom 11 for the transfer of the heated solid particles. With the help of this nozzle bottom 11, the solid particles can be loosened or light be fluidized.
  • the nozzle bottom 11 can for generating the ascending, fluidized Fluid bed 2 used nozzle bottom 15 are used, taking into account must be that in the reaction area 3 a greater fluidization than in the heating 6 takes place.
  • This device 16 can, as in Fig. 1 shows a wall opening 17 his. It is also conceivable, this device 16 to train as a pipeline.
  • the device 5 for the separation of the resulting in the gasification Gases from the solid particles and for the discharge of these gases are in the In Fig. 1 embodiment shown internals 18 and 19.
  • the internals 18 and 19 cause a sharp deflection of the flow, which does not follow the solid particles can. Gas flow and solid particle flow thus separate at the internals.
  • the Gas flow is removed via the gas path 20 through which the internals 18 and 19 are separated.
  • the solid particle stream rains in the heating area 6, which is below the internals 18 and 19 is located.
  • a feed device 21 opens for the carbonaceous substances in the Aufflower Scheme 6.
  • the fuel can either Pressed in the area of the bed 1 or dropped from the top of the bed 1 become.
  • a further supply device which opens into the reaction region 3.
  • the bed material is in a cyclone separated from the gas stream and the descending bed 1 again the lower Area of the ascending bed 2 supplied.
  • the gas stream flows over in this case the tube 23 tangentially into the separator 5 formed as a cyclone.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

Claims (28)

  1. Procédé pour produire des gaz combustibles à pouvoir calorifique élevé, selon lequel des substances contenant du carbone sont gazéifiées en mode allothermique dans une couche fluidisée contenant des particules solides, à l'aide d'un agent de gazéification gazeux et avec une amenée de chaleur, et les gaz formés sont séparés et extraits des particules solides, les particules solides étant chauffées indirectement dans un premier lit descendant (1) et étant amenées dans un second lit fluidisé montant (2) dans lequel la couche fluidisée est formée et la majeure partie de la gazéification a lieu.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le premier lit descendant (1) est aéré grâce à l'injection d'un gaz.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le premier lit descendant (1) est légèrement fluidisé.
  4. Procédé selon l'une au moins des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le premier lit descendant (1) est chauffé indirectement à l'aide d'un échangeur de chaleur qui est traversé par un agent caloporteur.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que l'agent caloporteur s'écoule de manière pulsée lors de la transmission de chaleur au premier lit descendant (1).
  6. Procédé selon l'une au moins des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la gazéification a lieu sous pression.
  7. Procédé selon l'une au moins des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que la gazéification a lieu dans des conditions atmosphériques.
  8. Procédé selon l'une au moins des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les substances contenant du carbone se composent de substances fluides, pâteuses ou solides, en particulier de coke, de pétrole, de biomasse ou de déchets.
  9. Procédé selon l'une au moins des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'agent de gazéification est constitué par de la vapeur d'eau.
  10. Dispositif pour mettre en oeuvre le procédé selon la revendication 1, comprenant
    une zone de réaction (3) pour la gazéification des substances contenant du carbone,
    un dispositif (4) pour produire le lit fluidisé montant (2) dans la zone de réaction (3),
    un dispositif (5) pour séparer les gaz produits lors de la gazéification des particules solides et pour évacuer ces gaz,
    une zone de chauffage (6) pour chauffer les particules solides dans le lit descendant (1), cette zone de chauffage (6) étant séparée globalement de la zone de réaction (3),
    un dispositif (7) qui est prévu dans une région inférieure de la zone de chauffage (6) pour transférer les particules solides chauffées de la zone de chauffage (6) vers la zone de réaction (3), et
    un dispositif d'amenée de chaleur indirect (8) qui est associé à la zone de chauffage (6) et grâce auquel l'énergie thermique nécessaire à la gazéification allothermique peut être amenée.
  11. Dispositif selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que la zone de chauffage (6) et la zone de réaction (3) sont séparées grâce à une fluidisation différente du lit fluidisé, cette fluidisation différente provoquant une circulation de la matière du lit autour d'un ou plusieurs axes sensiblement horizontaux.
  12. Dispositif selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que les axes sensiblement horizontaux sont fermés suivant une forme annulaire.
  13. Dispositif selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que la zone de chauffage (6) et la zone de réaction (3) sont séparées par une paroi (9).
  14. Dispositif selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que la zone de chauffage (6) et la zone de réaction (3) sont formées chacune dans un réacteur individuel.
  15. Dispositif selon la revendication 13 ou 14, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif (7) pour transférer les particules solides chauffées est constitué par une ouverture de paroi (10) ou une canalisation.
  16. Dispositif selon l'une au moins des revendications 10 à 15, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif (7) pour le transfert des particules solides chauffées comporte un fond à injecteurs (11) pour fluidiser légèrement les particules solides.
  17. Dispositif selon l'une au moins des revendications 10 à 16, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif d'amenée de chaleur indirect (8) est constitué par au moins un échangeur de chaleur (12) apte à être traversé par un agent caloporteur et prévu dans ou sur la zone de chauffage (6).
  18. Dispositif selon la revendication 17, caractérisé en ce que l'échangeur de chaleur (12) comporte au moins un tube résonant (13) dans lequel l'agent caloporteur s'écoule de manière pulsée lors de la transmission de chaleur à la zone de chauffage (6).
  19. Dispositif selon la revendication 18, caractérisé en ce que le tube résonant (13) est relié, pour produire la résonance, à une chambre de combustion.
  20. Dispositif selon la revendication 17, caractérisé en ce que pour la production de la résonance, il est prévu un oscillateur acoustique qui est disposé séparément de la chambre de combustion.
  21. Dispositif selon l'une au moins des revendications 10 à 20, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif pour produire le lit fluidisé montant (2) est constitué par un fond à injecteurs (15) qui est prévu dans une région inférieure de la zone de réaction (3).
  22. Dispositif selon l'une au moins des revendications 10 à 21, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif pour séparer les gaz formés lors de la gazéification et les particules solides est constitué par un cyclone.
  23. Dispositif selon l'une au moins des revendications 10 à 22, caractérisé en ce que l'écoulement vertical des gaz produits dans le lit montant est bloqué par des éléments encastrés (18, 19) qui provoquent à plusieurs reprises la déviation de l'écoulement de gaz, laquelle déviation entraíne une séparation importante des particules solides de l'écoulement de gaz.
  24. Dispositif selon l'une au moins des revendications 10 à 23, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu pour former un circuit de particules solides un dispositif (16) pour transférer les particules solides de la zone de réaction (3) vers la zone de chauffage (6).
  25. Dispositif selon la revendication 24, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif pour le transfert (16) des particules solides de la zone de réaction (3) vers la zone de chauffage (6) est constitué par une ouverture de paroi (17) ou une canalisation.
  26. Dispositif selon l'une au moins des revendications 24 et 25, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif (16) pour le transfert des particules solides est prévu dans la région supérieure de la zone de réaction (3).
  27. Dispositif selon l'une au moins des revendications 10 à 21, caractérisé en ce qu'un dispositif d'amenée (21) pour les substances contenant du carbone débouche dans la zone de chauffage (6).
  28. Dispositif selon l'une au moins des revendications 10 à 27, caractérisé en ce qu'un dispositif d'amenée pour les substances contenant du carbone débouche dans la zone de réaction (3).
EP00969430A 1999-10-07 2000-10-05 Procede et dispositif pour la production de gaz combustibles a pouvoir calorifique eleve Expired - Lifetime EP1218471B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19948332A DE19948332B4 (de) 1999-10-07 1999-10-07 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Gewinnen heizwertreicher Brennstoffe
DE19948332 1999-10-07
PCT/EP2000/009767 WO2001025371A1 (fr) 1999-10-07 2000-10-05 Procede et dispositif pour la production de gaz combustibles a pouvoir calorifique eleve

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1218471A1 EP1218471A1 (fr) 2002-07-03
EP1218471B1 true EP1218471B1 (fr) 2005-02-02

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US (3) US20020148597A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1218471B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE288466T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU7915000A (fr)
DE (2) DE19948332B4 (fr)
DK (1) DK1218471T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2235961T3 (fr)
PT (1) PT1218471E (fr)
WO (1) WO2001025371A1 (fr)

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US20020148597A1 (en) 2002-10-17
WO2001025371A1 (fr) 2001-04-12
ES2235961T3 (es) 2005-07-16
ATE288466T1 (de) 2005-02-15
DE19948332A1 (de) 2001-05-03
US7094264B2 (en) 2006-08-22
DK1218471T3 (da) 2005-03-14
EP1218471A1 (fr) 2002-07-03
DE19948332B4 (de) 2005-09-22
AU7915000A (en) 2001-05-10
PT1218471E (pt) 2005-05-31
US7507266B2 (en) 2009-03-24
US20060265955A1 (en) 2006-11-30
US20050166457A1 (en) 2005-08-04
DE50009434D1 (de) 2005-03-10

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