EP1218033A2 - Composes lipidiques cationiques et leur utilisation pour le transfert de substances d'interet therapeutique chargees negativement - Google Patents
Composes lipidiques cationiques et leur utilisation pour le transfert de substances d'interet therapeutique chargees negativementInfo
- Publication number
- EP1218033A2 EP1218033A2 EP00956608A EP00956608A EP1218033A2 EP 1218033 A2 EP1218033 A2 EP 1218033A2 EP 00956608 A EP00956608 A EP 00956608A EP 00956608 A EP00956608 A EP 00956608A EP 1218033 A2 EP1218033 A2 EP 1218033A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- radical
- acid
- general formula
- cholanic
- compound
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/87—Introduction of foreign genetic material using processes not otherwise provided for, e.g. co-transformation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K48/00—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/10—Dispersions; Emulsions
- A61K9/127—Liposomes
- A61K9/1271—Non-conventional liposomes, e.g. PEGylated liposomes, liposomes coated with polymers
- A61K9/1272—Non-conventional liposomes, e.g. PEGylated liposomes, liposomes coated with polymers with substantial amounts of non-phosphatidyl, i.e. non-acylglycerophosphate, surfactants as bilayer-forming substances, e.g. cationic lipids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07J—STEROIDS
- C07J41/00—Normal steroids containing one or more nitrogen atoms not belonging to a hetero ring
- C07J41/0033—Normal steroids containing one or more nitrogen atoms not belonging to a hetero ring not covered by C07J41/0005
- C07J41/0055—Normal steroids containing one or more nitrogen atoms not belonging to a hetero ring not covered by C07J41/0005 the 17-beta position being substituted by an uninterrupted chain of at least three carbon atoms which may or may not be branched, e.g. cholane or cholestane derivatives, optionally cyclised, e.g. 17-beta-phenyl or 17-beta-furyl derivatives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07J—STEROIDS
- C07J41/00—Normal steroids containing one or more nitrogen atoms not belonging to a hetero ring
- C07J41/0033—Normal steroids containing one or more nitrogen atoms not belonging to a hetero ring not covered by C07J41/0005
- C07J41/0055—Normal steroids containing one or more nitrogen atoms not belonging to a hetero ring not covered by C07J41/0005 the 17-beta position being substituted by an uninterrupted chain of at least three carbon atoms which may or may not be branched, e.g. cholane or cholestane derivatives, optionally cyclised, e.g. 17-beta-phenyl or 17-beta-furyl derivatives
- C07J41/0061—Normal steroids containing one or more nitrogen atoms not belonging to a hetero ring not covered by C07J41/0005 the 17-beta position being substituted by an uninterrupted chain of at least three carbon atoms which may or may not be branched, e.g. cholane or cholestane derivatives, optionally cyclised, e.g. 17-beta-phenyl or 17-beta-furyl derivatives one of the carbon atoms being part of an amide group
Definitions
- the present invention relates to cationic lipid compounds. and their use for the transfer of substances of therapeutic interest negatively charged, and in particular of nucleic acids.
- nucleic acids Apart from a few very specific cases, nucleic acids alone do not penetrate cells, organs or organisms, and therefore require the use of a vector. To date, various techniques have been described for the transfer of nucleic acids and in particular DNA, the most important and promising of which involve viral vectors or lipid vectors.
- Viral vectors are effective but have certain risks, including pathogenicity, immunogenicity, transmission, recombination, replication, transformation etc ..; there is therefore a security problem in the use of these.
- cationic lipids can, by their positive charges, easily form complexes with negatively charged nucleic acids and help them to cross the lipid cell barrier, also negatively charged; the nucleic acids can then pass into the nucleus. Efforts are being made to develop cationic lipids with a high level of transfection. N This is achieved if the lipid carrier form, with high efficiency, complex with the nucleic acid to be transported helps protect said nucleic enzymatic degradation extra and intracellular acid, and has a permissible cytotoxicity.
- the cationic lipid formulations currently existing on the market have an average price of 1500 F / mg, and are marketed: * by Gibco (USA) under the names of:
- Lipofectin whose basic lipid is “DOTMA” (N- (1- (2,3-dioleyloxy) propyl) -NNN-trimethylammonium chloride), - "Lipofectamine”. whose base lipid is - ⁇ DOSPA "(2,3-dioleyloxy-N- (2 (spermine carboxamido) ethyl) -NN-dimethyl-1-propanaminium) trifluoroacetate).
- DOTMA N- (1- (2,3-dioleyloxy) propyl) -NNN-trimethylammonium chloride
- Lipofectamine whose base lipid is - ⁇ DOSPA "(2,3-dioleyloxy-N- (2 (spermine carboxamido) ethyl) -NN-dimethyl-1-propanaminium) trifluoroacetate).
- DMRIE 1.2-dimyristyloxypropyl-3-N.N-dimethyl hydroxy ammonium bromide
- DAC 30 whose basic lipid is “DAC-Chol” (3- ⁇ - (- ( " NN “ -dimethylaminoethane) -carbamoyl) cholesterol).
- Non-marketed products two main families of cationic lipids have been reported to date. All these compounds have a hydrophobic tail linked to an amine polar head bearing one or more nitrogen atoms positively charged. These families are distinguished by the hydrophobic part which can be a double alkyl chain or a cholesterol derivative. These compounds form complexes with nucleic acids (plasmids or oligonucleotides). Encouraging results on the level of transfection of cells in culture have been published [1-4a, 13, 14]. Among the monoamine cholesterol derivatives, the best known derivative is
- DC-Chol corresponding to 3- ⁇ [N- (N '.N “ -dimethylaminoethane) -carbamoyl] cholesterol [3, 4a] and the" TC-Chol "corresponding to 3- ⁇ [N- (N', N ', N " - Trimethylaminoethane chloride) -carbamoyl] cholesterol [4b], the derivative marketed is "DAC-Chol", corresponding to 3- ⁇ [N- (N.N'-dimethylaminoethane) -carbamoyl] cholesterol [5].
- the medium used must be practically devoid of serum: for example, the maximum percentage of serum used n does not exceed 20% for formulation of DC-Chol in assays on A431 cells. and a formulation of DAC-Chol in tests on HepG2 and COS-1 cells.
- the use of these vectors to deliver nucleic acids in tests in vivo intravenously is still problematic.
- Another type of cationic amphiphile was synthesized by the attachment of polyamines on the polar sites of cholic acid [10].
- transfection levels 6 to 10 times higher than that of lipofectin were obtained with molecules carrying a spermine, pentamine or hexamine group. These molecules differ from those of the present invention in that they do not contain a spacer arm between the polar sites and the hydrophobic part.
- One object of the invention to provide cationic lipids capable of including transport negatively charged substances, especially nucleic acids, including in a medium containing a high concentration of serum, for the purpose of gene therapy. vaccination, biology, physiology, genetics and biotechnology.
- One of the other aims of the invention is to provide cationic lipids having an improved transfecting power compared to the cationic lipids known to date.
- One of the other aspects of the present invention is to provide simple methods of synthesis of cationic lipids, to synthesize cationic lipids of the invention on an industrial scale, while having high yields.
- the present invention relates to the use of a monocationic lipid compound of general formula (I)
- R 2 represents the radical of abietic acid, the radical of a derivative of cholanic acid, in particular that chosen from the group consisting of the radical of 3 ⁇ , 7 ⁇ , 12 ⁇ -trihydroxy-5 ⁇ -cholanic acid, 3, 12 ⁇ -dihydroxy-5 ⁇ -cholanic acid, 3 ⁇ -hydroxy-5 ⁇ -cholanic acid or 3,7,12-trioxo-5 ⁇ -cholanic acid, or the group
- X is iodine. and / or a dicationic lipid compound of general formula (II) R ' 2 - CO - N [CH 2 - CH 2 - N + (R) 3 , X " ] 2 (II) wherein R ⁇ represents the radical of abietic acid. the radical of a derivative of cholanic acid, notably selected from the group consisting of the radical of the acid 3 ⁇ .7 ⁇ .l2 -trihydroxy-5 ⁇ -cholanic acid.
- R represents the cholesteryl radical
- R represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl radical, and in particular a methyl (-CH 3 ) or an ethyl (-C 2 H ; ).
- X represents a halogen atom such as iodine or chlorine.
- a method of preparing a lipid monocationic compound of general formula (I) according to the invention is characterized in that a compound of general formula (IIIa)
- R 2 represents the radical of abietic acid, the radical of a derivative of cholanic acid. in particular that chosen from the group consisting of the radical of 3 ⁇ , 7 ⁇ , 12 ⁇ -trihydroxy-5 ⁇ -cholanic acid, 3 ⁇ , 12 ⁇ -dihydroxy-5 ⁇ -cholanic acid, 3cc-hydroxy-5 ⁇ -cholanic acid or acid 3,7,12-trioxo-5 ⁇ -cholanic acid, or the group
- R -0 in which R represents the cholesteryl radical.
- Z is chlorine or a group 0-CO-0-R 3 wherein R represents an alkyl radical and in particular methyl or ethyl, to the action of a compound of general formula (IV) H 2 N - (CH 2 ) n - N (R) 2 (IV) in which R represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl radical and in particular a methyl or an ethyl, n represents an integer equal to 2 or 3, to form the compound of general formula (V)
- R 2 represents the radical of abietic acid.
- the radical of a derivative of cholanic acid in particular one selected from the group consisting of the radical of the 3 ⁇ .7 ⁇ acid, 12 ⁇ -trihydroxy-5 ⁇ -cholanic acid, the acid 3 ⁇ , 12 ⁇ -dihydroxy-5 ⁇ -cholanic acid, the acid 3 ⁇ -hydroxy-5 ⁇ -cholanic acid or 3,7.12-trioxo-5 ⁇ -cholanic acid, or the group R, -0 in which R represents the cholesteryl radical, Z represents the group O-CO-0-R 3 in which R 3 represents an alkyl radical and in particular a methyl or an ethyl, is prepared by subjecting the compound of general formula (VIII)
- R ' represents the radical of abietic acid, the radical of a derivative of cholanic acid, in particular that chosen from the group consisting of the radical of acid 3, 7, 12 ⁇ -trihydroxy-5 ⁇ -cholanic, 3 ⁇ .l2 ⁇ -dihydroxy-5 ⁇ -cholanic acid, 3 ⁇ -hydroxy-5 ⁇ -cholanic acid or 3,7,12-trioxo-5 ⁇ -cholanic acid, or the group R r O or R, -0-CO- (CH 2 ) 2 in which R represents the cholesteryl radical, Z 2 represents a halogen such as chlorine, to the action of a compound of general formula (VII )
- R O - CO - CH 2 - CH 2 - CO - N [CH 2 - CH 2 - N + (R) 3 , X " ] 2 II (B) in which R represents the cholesteryl radical, R represents an atom .
- hydrogen X represents a halogen atom such as chlorine or iodine
- R 2 represents the radical of the abietic acid, the radical of a derivative of cholanic acid, notably selected from the group consisting of the radical of the acid 3 .7 ⁇ .l2 ⁇ -trihydroxy-5 ⁇ -cholanic acid , the acid 3 ⁇ , 12 ⁇ -dihydroxy-5 ⁇ -cholanic acid, the acid 3 ⁇ -hydroxy-5 ⁇ -cholanic acid or the acid-3.7,12 t ⁇ oxo-5 ⁇ -cholanic acid.
- R represents a hydrogen atom.
- X represents a halogen atom such as chlorine or iodine.
- a more particular subject of the present invention is the use of the monocation lipid compound of general formula I (A)
- R represents the cholesteryl radical
- R represents an ethyl radical
- n represents an integer equal to 1, 2.
- X represents an iodine atom, and or a monocationic lipid compound of the general formula I (B)
- R 2 CO - NH - (CH 2 ) n - N ' (R),. X 'I (B) wherein R 2 represents the radical of abietic acid.
- the radical of a drift of the cholanic acid Especially one chosen from the group consisting of the radical of the acid 3 ⁇ , 7, 12 ⁇ -trihydroxy-5 ⁇ -cholanic acid, the acid 3 ⁇ , 12 ⁇ -dihydroxy-5 ⁇ -cholanic acid, 3 ⁇ -hydroxy-5 ⁇ -cholanic acid or 3.7,12-trioxo-5 ⁇ -cholanic acid, R is a methyl radical or ethyl, n is an integer equal to 2 or 3, X represents a halogen atom such as chlorine or iodine, and / or a lipid dicationic compound of general formula II (a) R, O - CO - N [CH 2 - CH 2 - N '.
- R represents the cholesteryl radical
- R represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl or ethyl radical
- X represents a halogen atom such as chlorine or iodine
- a lipid dicationic compound of general formula II (B) R O - CO - CH 2 - CH - CO - N [CH 2 - CH, - N + (R) 3 , X " ] 2 II (B) in which R represents the cholesteryl radical, R represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl or ethyl radical
- X represents a halogen atom such as chlorine or iodine
- C wherein R, represents the radical of the abietic acid, the radical of a derivative
- R represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl or ethyl radical
- X represents a halogen atom such as chlorine or iodine.
- R 2 represents the radical of abietic acid, the radical of a derivative of the cholanic acid , in particular that chosen from the group consisting of the radical of 3 ⁇ .7 ⁇ .l2 ⁇ -trihydroxy-5 ⁇ -cholanic acid. 3 ⁇ , 12 ⁇ -dihydroxy-5 ⁇ -cholanic acid, 3 ⁇ -hydroxy-5 ⁇ -cholanic acid or 3,7,12-trioxo-5 ⁇ -cholanic acid, R represents a methyl or ethyl radical.
- n an integer equal to 2 or 3
- X represents a halogen atom such as chlorine or iodine
- the invention relates more particularly to the monocationic lipid compound as defined above, characterized in that it is chosen from the group consisting of:
- TAPC-Chol [N- (N ', N', N ' -triethylaminopropane iodide) -carbamoyl] cholesterol (TEAPC-Chol) represented by the general formula I (A) in which R represents the cholesteryl radical, R represents an ethyl radical, n represents an integer equal to
- X represents an iodine atom
- Cholamide ". represented by the general formula I (B) wherein R, represents the radical of the acid 3 ⁇ .7 ⁇ .l2 ⁇ -trihydroxy-5 ⁇ -cholanic acid, R represents the methyl radical, n is 2 and X is iodine.
- Trimethylaminopropane Cholamide (TAP-1)
- Cholamide ". represented by the general formula I (B) wherein R, represents the radical of the acid 3 ⁇ .7 ⁇ .l2 -trihydroxy-5 ⁇ -cholanic acid. R represents the methyl radical. n is 3 and X is iodine.
- Deoxycholamide represented by the general formula I (B) in which R 2 represents the radical of 3 ⁇ , 12 ⁇ -dihydroxy-5 ⁇ -cholanic acid, R represents the methyl radical, n is equal to 2 and X represents iodine ,
- Deoxycholamide represents by the general formula I (B) in which R, represents the radical of 3cc acid, 12 ⁇ -dihydroxy-5 ⁇ -cholanic. R represents the methyl radical, n is equal to 3 and X represents iodine,
- Lithocholamide ", represented by the general formula I (B) in which R represents the radical of 3 ⁇ -hydroxy-5 ⁇ -cholanic acid, R represents the methyl radical, n is equal to 2 and X represents iodine,
- Lithocholamide ", represented by the general formula I (B) in which R represents the radical of 3 ⁇ -hydroxy-5 ⁇ -cholanic acid. R represents the methyl radical. n is 3 and X represents iodine.
- R represents the radical of 3 ⁇ -hydroxy-5 ⁇ -cholanic acid. R represents the methyl radical. n is 3 and X represents iodine.
- R O - CO - N [CH 2 - CH, - N + (R) 3 , X] 2 II (A) in which R represents the cholesteryl radical.
- R represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl or ethyl radical,
- X represents a halogen atom such as chlorine or iodine,
- R O - CO - CH 2 - CH, - CO - N [CH, - CH, - N ⁇ (R) 3 , X " ] 2 II (B) in which R represents the cholesteryl radical.
- R represents an atom hydrogen, a methyl or ethyl radical.
- X represents a halogen atom such as chlorine or iodine,
- R 2 represents the radical of abietic acid, the radical of an acid derivative cholanic, in particular that chosen from the group consisting of the radical of 3 ⁇ , 7 ⁇ , 12 ⁇ -trihydroxy-5 ⁇ -cholanic acid, 3 ⁇ , 12 ⁇ -dihydroxy-5 ⁇ -cholanic acid, 3 -hydroxy-5 ⁇ - acid cholanic or 3,7,12-trioxo-5 ⁇ -cholanic acid, R represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl or ethyl radical.
- X represents a halogen atom such as chlorine or iodine
- the invention is more particularly the lipid dicationic compound as defined above, characterized in that it is selected from the group consisting of: - 3- ⁇ [NN- (Bis (aminoethane hydrochloride)) - carbamoyl] cholesterol (BAEC- Chol) represented by the general formula II (A), in which R represents the cholesteryl radical. R represents a hydrogen atom and X represents a chlorine atom.
- the invention also relates to a composition characterized in that it contains a cationic lipid compound as defined above.
- the invention relates to a composition characterized in that it is in the form of a cationic lipid solution containing a cationic lipid compound as defined above, in which R represents the radical of a derivative of l cholanic acid, notably selected from the group consisting of the radical of the 3 ⁇ .7 ⁇ acid, 12 -trihydroxy-5 ⁇ -cholanic acid. 3, 12 ⁇ -dihydroxy-5 ⁇ -cholanic acid, acid 3 ⁇ -hydroxy-5 ⁇ -cholanic acid or acid 3.7.12-trioxo-5 ⁇ -cholanic acid. and a solvent such as ethanol.
- R represents the radical of a derivative of l cholanic acid, notably selected from the group consisting of the radical of the 3 ⁇ .7 ⁇ acid, 12 -trihydroxy-5 ⁇ -cholanic acid. 3, 12 ⁇ -dihydroxy-5 ⁇ -cholanic acid, acid 3 ⁇ -hydroxy-5 ⁇ -cholanic acid or acid 3.7.12-trioxo-5 ⁇ -cholanic acid.
- a solvent such as ethanol
- the invention also relates to a composition characterized in that it is in the form of cationic lipid solution containing a cationic lipid compound as defined above, wherein R, represents the radical cholesteryl.
- R represents the radical of abietic acid.
- the radical of a derivative of cholanic acid in particular that chosen from the group consisting of the radical of 3 ⁇ , 7 ⁇ .l2 ⁇ - trihydroxy-5 ⁇ -cholanic acid. acid 3 ⁇ .l2 ⁇ -dihydroxy-5 ⁇ -cholanic acid. acid 3 - hydroxy-S ⁇ -cholanic acid or acid 3,7,12-trioxo-5 ⁇ -cholanic acid. and a solvent such as methylene chloride for the preparation of liposomes.
- the invention also provides a liposome characterized in that it contains a composition as defined above, and a lipid (or colipid) neutral, particularly ethanolamine, dioleoylphosphatidyl (DOPE), and optionally a conjugated lipid (including a polyethylene glycol. or a fragment of antibody), and / or a surfactant, in particular selected from the group consisting of Simulsol 59.
- a lipid (or colipid) neutral particularly ethanolamine, dioleoylphosphatidyl (DOPE), and optionally a conjugated lipid (including a polyethylene glycol. or a fragment of antibody), and / or a surfactant, in particular selected from the group consisting of Simulsol 59.
- the invention also relates to a complex characterized in that it comprises a cationic lipid compound as defined above, or a composition as defined above, and a negatively charged compound, in particular a nucleic acid (deoxyribonucleic acid. ribonucleic, gene, plasmid, ribozyme or oligonucleotide, which may or may not be covalently modified) having therapeutic or vaccination effects, or applications in genetics or biotechnology.
- a nucleic acid deoxyribonucleic acid. ribonucleic, gene, plasmid, ribozyme or oligonucleotide, which may or may not be covalently modified
- the invention also relates to a complex characterized in that it comprises a liposome as defined above, and a negatively charged compound such as a nucleic acid (deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid, gene, plasmid, oligonucleotide or ribozyme, which can be covalently modified or not) having therapeutic or vaccination effects, or applications in genetics or biotechnology.
- a pharmaceutical composition characterized in that it comprises, as active principle, a complex as defined above, in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle or excipient.
- the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention is suitable for any mode of administration, including parenterally, topically or by inhalation.
- the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention is further characterized in that the amount of complex is from 0.5 to 30 mg / kg body weight per unit dose.
- Figures 1 to 4 show the synthesis diagrams of monocationic and dicationic lipid compounds according to the invention.
- Figure 1 shows the synthesis scheme of the monocationic lipid TEAPC-Chol.
- the step (a) consists in adding to the starting product (1) (cholesteryl chloroformate), 2 equivalents of 3 -diethylamino-1 -propyl lamine and anhydrous ether at a temperature of 0 ° C. to obtain the carbamate of formula (2).
- Step (b) comprises adding an excess of ethyl iodide on said carbamate (2) to obtain the compound number (3): the TEAPC-Chol of formula I (A).
- FIG. 2 represents the diagram of synthesis of the dicationic lipid BAEC-Chol.
- Step (a) consists in carrying out the synthesis of diethylene triamine dihydrochloride by reaction of diethylene triamine with 2 equivalents of hydrochloric acid.
- Step (b) consists in adding 2.25 equivalents of diethylene triamine dihydrochloride thus obtained to cholesteryl chloroformate (1), to obtain the numbered compound (2): BAEC-Chol corresponding to general formula II (A).
- Figure 3 represents the diagram of synthesis of the dicationic lipid BAES-Chol.
- Step (a) consists in carrying out the synthesis of diethylene triamine dihydrochloride by reaction of diethylene triamine with 2 equivalents of hydrochloric acid.
- Step (b) consists in adding oxalyl chloride (COCl) 2 to cholesteryl hemisuccinate (1) in the presence of methylene chloride (CH 2 C1 2 ), to obtain the corresponding succinoyl chloride (2 ).
- Step (c) consists in reacting the succinoyl chloride (2) on 2.25 equivalents of diethylene triamine dihydrochloride, to obtain the numbered compound (3): BAES-Chol corresponding to general formula II (B) .
- Figure 4 shows the synthesis scheme of the monocationic lipid TAP-Lithocholamide.
- the step (a) comprises adding to the starting compound (1) (acid lithocholic still represented by R, COOH) of triethylamine in THF to give the intermediate compound (2) to which is added the compound C: H, -0-CO-Cl (step (b)) to obtain the mixed anhydride (3).
- the step (c) comprises adding to the mixed anhydride (3), N, N-dimethylpropylene diamine to give tertiary amine (4).
- Step (d) consists in taking the tertiary amine (4) obtained in step (c) above in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and the methyl iodide (ICH 3). to obtain the numbered compound (5): TAP-Lithocholamide corresponding to the general formula I (B).
- Figures 5-1 1 are the results obtained when using in the form of liposomes with DOPE cationic lipid compounds according to the invention for the transfer of nucleic acids.
- Figure 6 represents the levels of activity of ⁇ -galactosidase (10 RLU b "relative light unit” / mg) expressed respectively (from left to right) in the following cells: MCF-7, A549. 9L. U373MG and HUH7, said cells being transfected using liposome-Chol TEAPC according to the invention.
- FIG. 7 represents the relative levels of transfection (%) in MCF-7 cells obtained respectively (from left to right) with the following liposomes: lipofectamine.
- DMRIE TEAPC-Chol according to the invention, transfectam, and cellfectine TC- Chol.
- Figure 8 shows the transfection levels in CEM cells obtained respectively (from left to right) with the following liposomes: Lipofectin.
- TEAPC- Chol according to the invention and TAP-lithocholamide according to the invention.
- the level of transfection is measured by the activity of ⁇ -galactosidase (10 3 RLU).
- Figure 10 shows the percentage of viable MCF7 cells as a function of the concentration (expressed in .mu.M) cationic liposomes prepared from cationic lipids of the invention TEAPC-Chol (see curve with the black rectangle) and BAEC-Chol (see curve including the black circle), and from the known DC-Chol lipid (cf curve comprising the black triangle).
- Figure 11 shows the transfection of relative levels (%) of tumor cells MCF7 by pCMV.beta-Chol liposomes BAEC-complexes according to the invention in the presence of fetal calf serum, depending on the molar charge ratio
- X Lip (+) / nucleotide.
- the white histogram represents 0% fetal calf serum (FCS).
- the gray histogram represents 25% of SVF.
- the hatched histogram represents 50% of SVF and the gridded histogram represents 10% of fetal calf serum.
- the cationic lipid compounds according to the invention have many advantages that are especially illustrated in the examples given below.
- Example 1 Monocation derivative of cholesterol (TEAPC-Chol).
- R - O-CO - NH - (CH 2 ) 3 - N + (C, H 5 ) 3 , 1 " in which R, is the cholesteryl group
- the lipid compounds of the prior art shown for comparison in this example are monoamino derivatives of cholesterol, namely the "DC-Chol”, corresponding to 3- ⁇ [N- (N ', N'-dimethylaminoethane) - carbamoyl] cholesterol [3, 4a], and “DAC-Chol”, corresponding to 3- ⁇ [N- (N, N'-dimethylaminoethane) -carbamoyl] cholesterol [5] and “TC-chol” corresponding to 3 - ⁇ [N- (N'.N ', N'
- the TEAPC-Chol cationic lipid is in the form of an ion consisting of a quaternary ammonium carrying 3 ethyl groups. It is different from DC-chol which is a tertiary amine and from trimethylated TC-Chol. On the other hand, its spacer arm is 3 (CH 2 ) instead of 2 (CH 2 ).
- DC-chol which is a tertiary amine and from trimethylated TC-Chol.
- its spacer arm is 3 (CH 2 ) instead of 2 (CH 2 ).
- the cationic lipid compound according to the invention can easily fix the negatively charged substances, unlike the neutral DC-Chol, which tends to push them because the lone pair on the nitrogen.
- the TEAPC-Chol lipid according to the invention is different, compared to DAC-Chol (base lipid of "DAC30"), by the link arm ("linker”) and by the polar head.
- the link arm of TEAPC-Chol is a secondary amide while that of DAC-Chol is a tertiary amide.
- TEAPC-Chol lipid does not present a risk of the formation of degradation products, possibly toxic, specific to amines.
- the polar head of the DAC-Chol lipid is a secondary amine hydrochloride.
- c 'therefore is an acidic compound, unlike TEAPC-Chol is neutral and therefore more stable to the change of pH.
- TEAPC-Chol is insensitive to the variation in pH in media whose pH is near neutral pH. This is the case for culture media and intracellular media. It is capable of protecting negatively charged and complexed entities against any degradation due to variations in pH.
- TEAPC-Chol lipid is soluble in methylene chloride (CH, C1).
- CH, C1 methylene chloride
- TEAPC-Chol-based liposomes can therefore be prepared using CH, C1, which must be evaporated after the first stage of liposome preparation which consists in producing a thin film. Since the CH 2 C1 2 (bp. 40 ° C) is removed much more easily than the chloroform used until then (bp. 60 ° C), liposomes prepared from lipid TEAPC-Chol dissolved in CH 7 C1, show no toxicity due to the solvent.
- the level of transfection in cells of MCF7 and 9L lines obtained with liposomes prepared from TEAPC-Chol is higher than that of TC-Chol.
- TEAPC-Chol lipid gives liposomes of size between 1 10 to 180 nm. These liposomes are very stable over time, since these values only change by less than 5% after 1 year.
- DOPE dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine
- oligonucleotide-liposome complexes formed penetrate into culture cells, adherent cells or cells in suspension.
- the oligonucleotides are thus internalized in the cytoplasm or in the nucleus, depending on the sequence and the molecular structure chosen for the oligonucleotide.
- the reaction is instantaneous and the yield is a function of the DOPE / Lip + ratio.
- the 1: 1 formulation of DOPE / Lip-t- appears to be the best for several plasmids.
- the liposome / plasmid complex enters cells in culture, adherent or in suspension, in 3-D culture in nodules and in solid tumors.
- the level of expression of the reporter gene (luciferase or ⁇ -galactosidase) is high and, in the tests carried out on cells of the MCF7 line, higher than that of lipofectamine, DMRIE and TC-Chol.
- the liposome-plasmid or liposome-oligonucleotide complexes are not very toxic for several cells up to a molar concentration of 100 ⁇ M in TEAPC-Chol cationic lipid.
- Example 2 Dicationic derivatives of cholesterol (BAEC-Chol and BAES-Chol).
- R O-CO-NtCH.-CH.-NH ⁇ . Cl " ]., In which R represents the cholesteryl group.
- triaminocholesterol [8] is an entity that is not electrically charged.
- the spacer is a biodegradable tertiary amide.
- dicationic lipids according to the invention are products soluble in THF. which avoids the use of chlorinated solvents in the preparation of liposomes.
- BAEC-Chol and BAES-Chol can be recrystallized from the THF-methanol mixture (50/50). avoiding the use of chromatographic techniques very heavy purification.
- Example 3 Derivatives monocationic derivatives of cholanic acid (TAP- cholamide TAP-TAP-déoxvcholamide lithocholamide and TAP-mühydrocholamide..).
- TAP-convergeoxycholamide TAP-lithocholamide and TAP-dehydrocholamide. are represented by the formula I (B): R, -CO-NH- (CH 2) 3 -N + (CHJ, s I ", wherein R, is a group derived from the cholanic acid
- TAP-convergeoxycholamide TAP-lithocholamide and TAP-dehydrocholamide are listed below.
- the link arm is a biodegradable amide.
- the head is a quaternary ammonium.
- Example 4 Synthesis of the TEAPC-Chol monocation lipid.
- TEAPC-Chol was synthesized according to the diagram in Figure 1.
- the new lipid was characterized by IR spectroscopy.
- BAEC-Chol was synthesized using a new method described in the diagram in Figure 2. Cholesteryl chloroformate (98% purity). 3-diethylamino-1-propylamine
- a solution of cholesteryl chloroformate (4.6 g; or 10 mmol in 60 cm 3 of anhydrous ether) is added dropwise to a solution of 3-diethylamino-1-propylamine (2.65 g; or 20 mmol in 50 cm 3 anhydrous ether) maintained at 0 ° C (ice bath).
- the hydrochloride formed is removed by filtration and the solvent removed on a rotary evaporator.
- the synthesis of quaternary ammonium iodide is carried out by reaction at reflux (12 hours) of ethyl iodide in large excess (40 mmol) on the residual carbamate dissolved in 50 cm 3 of tetrahydrofuran. After removal of the solvent and excess iodide.
- BAEC-Chol was synthesized using a new method described in the diagram in Figure 2. Cholesteryl chloroformate (98%). diethylene triamine (99%). tetrahydrofuran (99 +%) are Aldrich products used without further purification. The other reagents are common laboratory chemicals.
- the first step is to perform the synthesis of the dihydrochloride diethylene triamine of formula HN [CH, -CH, -NH, +, Cl "], by reaction of diethylene triamine with two equivalents of hydrochloric acid (HCl) aqueous solution (IM).
- HCl hydrochloric acid
- IM aqueous solution
- IR of group C 0 (KBr pellet) is at 1690.8 cm - 1 .
- the first step consists in carrying out the synthesis of diethylene triamine dihydrochloride of formula HN [CH Stamm-CH 1 -NH 3 + , Cl " ], by reaction of diethylene triamine with two equivalents of HCl in aqueous solution (IM) as described previously.
- Example 7 Synthesis of the TAP monolithic lipid-lithocholamide.
- the synthesis of TAP-lithocholamide was performed according to the diagram of Figure 4. A 9.5 g (2.5x10 "2 mol) of lithocholic acid (> 99%. Fluka) in 100 cm 3 of anhydrous THF (99.9%. Aldrich).
- Example 8 Use of the TEAPC-Chol monocation derivative.
- DOPE dioleolylphosphatidyl ethanolamine
- the final cationic lipid concentration is 1 mg / ml, or 1.43 mM.
- the mixture was vortexed for 2 minutes and sonicated for 30 minutes intermittently using a Bransonic sonicator model 1210. A clear solution is obtained.
- the solution is centrifuged for 15 min with a speed of 12,000 g. The supernatant is removed and, if necessary, filtered through a Millipore filter.
- Oligonucleotides and plasmids are characterized in size by a dynamic light scattering device. The number distribution indicates a single mode with an average diameter of 104 nm. The same preparation protocol is applicable to BAEC-Chol.
- Oligonucleotides and plasmids The oligonucleotides used, varying in length from 12 to 28 seas, are supplied in lyophilized form by Genosys (Great Britain) or Eurogentec (Belgium). In order to visualize their internalization. certain oligonucleotides are labeled with fluorescein in position 5 " .
- the oligonucleotides are dissolved in sterile water at a concentration of 3 mM in nucleotide.
- the plasmids used are plasmids pCMV- ⁇ carrying a reporter gene coding for ⁇ - galactosidase (Clonetech), or pGL2-luc carrying a reporter gene coding for luciferase (Proméga).
- Tris-EDTA buffer ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid
- the cells used are adherent cells of cancerous origin (MCF7, A549, U373MG, 9L, Hs294T, B16), or cells in suspension (CEM, U937).
- the cells are cultured according to standard conditions for each type.
- DMEM medium Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium
- adherent cells MF7. A549, U373MG, 9L, Hs294T, B16
- RPMI 1640 medium Roswell Park
- a quantity of DNA (plasmid or oligonucleotide) of 1 ⁇ g and the chosen quantity of TEAPC-Chol cationic liposomes were separately diluted in 10 ⁇ L of sterile water and slightly vortexed and then mixed.
- the mixture is diluted in 1 ml of OptiMEM medium (Gibco) without serum.
- the cells are washed with the serum-free medium and then mixed in the OptiMEM is added to the cells.
- the OptiMEM is removed, replaced by 1 ml of culture medium containing 10% of serum.
- the cells continue to be incubated for the required time. In tests to test the transfection capacity in the presence of serum. 1 ml of medium containing serum desired content is used instead of OptiMEM.
- the method for evaluating the level of transfection is to detect the ⁇ - galactosidase by the reagent AMPGD (3- (4-methoxyspiro (1,2-dioxetane-3.2'- tricyclo (3.3.1.1) decane) -4-yl) phenyl- ⁇ -D-galactopyranoside (Tropix).
- AMPGD 4- (4-methoxyspiro (1,2-dioxetane-3.2'- tricyclo (3.3.1.1) decane) -4-yl) phenyl- ⁇ -D-galactopyranoside (Tropix).
- the AMPGD at pH> 9. leads to adamantanone and flag methyl dentaloxybenzoate. the latter is in an excited state and emits fluorescence, which allows perform the measurement [15].
- the ⁇ -galactosidase or luciferase activity is measured 48 hours after transfection using the Galactolight Plus detection kit (Tropix) according to the protocol recommended by the manufacturer.
- the cells are washed twice, in 1 ml of phosphate buffer solution (PBS) each time, then lysed with 200 ⁇ L of lysis buffer containing 1 mM of freshly prepared dithiotreiol.
- the extracts are harvested and centrifuged at 12,000 g for 5 min.
- the transfection rate can be further enhanced by using a plasmid condensing agent such as spermine. before complexing with TEAPC-Chol liposomes.
- a plasmid condensing agent such as spermine.
- SEPIC simulsol 989
- PEG polyethylene glycol
- G3AG2AG2AG2CG2AG2AG2A2GAG2A are mixed with liposomes 1: 1, according to various X charge ratios.
- the mixtures are filtered through filters
- Millipore whose mass limit is 30 kDa to pass only free oligonucleotides, not linked to liposomes.
- FIG. 6 represents the activity levels of ⁇ -galactosidase expressed respectively in cells of MCF7, A549, 9L, U373MG and HUH7, transfected using the TEAPC-Chol / DOPE liposomes. The best results are observed for 9L cells.
- FIG. 7 indicates that the TEAPC-Chol / DOPE liposomes have a level of transfection 2 to 3 times higher than that of lipofectamine.
- TAP-lithocholamide liposomes have a transfecting power 30 times greater than that of lipofectin. e) Effect of the DOPE / Lip + ratio on the level of transfection of tumor cells
- the viability of the cells is detected by the MTT test.
- the MTT test consists of detecting viable cells using the MTT reagent (3- (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -
- MTT reagent (1 mg / ml of DMEM medium containing serum) are added and the cells are again incubated. After 3 h. the reagent is removed, replaced with 100 ⁇ L of DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) for 20 min. Cells "viable" give a blue color whose optical density at the wavelength of 570 nm varies proportionally to the number thereof.
- FIG. 10 represents the variations in the percentage of viable MCF7 cells as a function of the concentration (expressed in ⁇ M) of the cationic liposomes used, prepared from TEAPC-Chol. BAEC-Chol or DC-Chol. The percentage is calculated relative to the optical density obtained from the non-transfected cells.
- Figure 11 shows the transfection levels of MCF7 tumor cells with BAEC-Chol / pCMV ⁇ liposome complexes in the presence of fetal calf serum.
- a variation in the level of transfection is observed as a function of the ratio X.
- EPAND R .. BOTTEGA R .. HUANG L. (1993). Method for delive ⁇ ng nucleic acids into cells. publication of international application WO 93/05162 [15] JALN V.J. & MAGRATH I.T. (1991), A chemiluminescent assay for quantification of ⁇ -galactosidase in the femtogram range, Anal. Biochem., 199, 119-124.
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FR9910141A FR2797188A1 (fr) | 1999-08-04 | 1999-08-04 | Composes lipidiques cationiques et leurs utilisation pour le transfert de substances d'interet therapeutique chargees negativement |
FR9910141 | 1999-08-04 | ||
PCT/FR2000/002234 WO2001011068A2 (fr) | 1999-08-04 | 2000-08-03 | Composes lipidiques cationiques et leur utilisation pour le transfert de substances d'interet therapeutique chargees negativement |
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EP00956608A Withdrawn EP1218033A2 (fr) | 1999-08-04 | 2000-08-03 | Composes lipidiques cationiques et leur utilisation pour le transfert de substances d'interet therapeutique chargees negativement |
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EP (1) | EP1218033A2 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU6849500A (fr) |
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US5283185A (en) * | 1991-08-28 | 1994-02-01 | University Of Tennessee Research Corporation | Method for delivering nucleic acids into cells |
FR2726764B1 (fr) * | 1994-11-14 | 1997-01-31 | Pasteur Merieux Serums Vacc | Adjuvant pour composition vaccinale |
WO1997045442A1 (fr) * | 1996-05-24 | 1997-12-04 | Imperial College Of Science Technology And Medicine | Derives polycationiques de sterol en tant qu'agents de transfection |
US6610321B2 (en) * | 1996-07-03 | 2003-08-26 | University Of Pittsburgh | Emulsion formulations for hydrophilic active agents |
DE19631189A1 (de) * | 1996-08-02 | 1998-02-05 | Max Delbrueck Centrum | Neuartige kationische Amphiphile für den liposomalen Gentransfer |
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WO2001011068A3 (fr) | 2002-05-02 |
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