EP1217459A2 - Méthode et unité de fixage de toner sur un support, en particulier un support d'impression - Google Patents

Méthode et unité de fixage de toner sur un support, en particulier un support d'impression Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1217459A2
EP1217459A2 EP01127897A EP01127897A EP1217459A2 EP 1217459 A2 EP1217459 A2 EP 1217459A2 EP 01127897 A EP01127897 A EP 01127897A EP 01127897 A EP01127897 A EP 01127897A EP 1217459 A2 EP1217459 A2 EP 1217459A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
toner
resonators
printing material
energy input
resonator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01127897A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1217459A3 (fr
Inventor
Knut Behnke
Hans-Otto Krause
Frank-Michael Morgenweck
Domingo Rohde
Detlef Schulze-Hagenest
Gerhard Dr. Bartscher
Kai-Uwe Preissig
Dinesh Tyagi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eastman Kodak Co
Original Assignee
Eastman Kodak Co
NexPress Solutions LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eastman Kodak Co, NexPress Solutions LLC filed Critical Eastman Kodak Co
Publication of EP1217459A2 publication Critical patent/EP1217459A2/fr
Publication of EP1217459A3 publication Critical patent/EP1217459A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/0821—Developers with toner particles characterised by physical parameters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/20—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat
    • G03G15/2003—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat using heat
    • G03G15/2007—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat using heat using radiant heat, e.g. infrared lamps, microwave heaters

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for fixing toner on a carrier or a printing substrate, in particular a sheet-like or a ribbon-shaped printing substrate, preferably for a digital printing machine.
  • the invention relates to a device for fixing toner on a Carrier or a printing material, in particular a sheet-like or a tape-like Printing material, preferably for a digital printing machine, preferably to carry out the aforementioned method.
  • a latent electrostatic image is generated by means of charged toner particles is developed, which in turn is based on a printing material that receives the image, e.g. Paper, be transmitted.
  • the image transferred to the printing material is there through Heating and softening the toner and / or heating the substrate fixed. Through and during this process, toner particles bind to the substrate and possibly also with each other.
  • Microwaves are used to fix the toner on the substrate known in principle. Because the absorption of microwave energy in the toner usually is at least one order of magnitude smaller than in the printing material, the is preferred Printing material is heated by the microwaves and the printing material in turn heats up the toner on it, up to a temperature at which the Connects toner with the substrate. As is known, when using Microwaves for fixing the toner characteristic values of the used Substrate, such as weight, moisture and composition, critical and take into account.
  • an image fixing device is known from US Pat. No. 4,511,778, which is a toner image using high frequency waves, especially microwaves, fixed on a printing material, especially a sheet of paper.
  • An aspect the known device is the possibility of depending on the microwaves of the size of the substrate to give, taking into account this Size as the characteristic value of the substrate, proper melting and to fix the toner.
  • the procedure cited only for black and white printing with paper weights of a small range of variations can be used, while that may be different Behavior of different colored toners and different paper weights with possibly also different water content in this flat rate, on the Size of the substrate is not considered in a coordinated manner.
  • the toner image can have four different toner layers. The maximum density of each toner layer on the image carrier substrate or printing material 100%, whereby there is a maximum total density of the toner layers results in the toner image of 400%.
  • the density is a single color Toner image in the range of 0% to 100% density, a colored toner image in the Range from 0% to 290%.
  • the device cited does not include a microwave resonator, in microwave applications with a view to homogeneous heating is desirable, usually even at least two to each other staggered resonators are used, such as from US-A-5 536 921 known for a general microwave heating outside the pressure range.
  • the problem can arise when using sheet-shaped printing material, that in the area irradiated with microwaves the edge area of the sheet is processed energetically differently than the central leaf area, so that it becomes a unevenly created printed product can come.
  • the toner is heated in practice without microwave radiation and with a heated pair of rollers connected to the substrate under pressure.
  • a contactless fixation is desirable to protect the printed image. Additional advantages of contactless fixation are the avoidance of adhesive wear and the resulting increased service life of the equipment used, as well as better reliability of the facility.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of an adequate fixation of toner on a substrate using microwave, preferably also for one multi-color printing on sheet-shaped substrate and using a resonator and preferably in coordination with the prevailing special circumstances, to enable.
  • this object is achieved in that the Printing material containing toners with microwaves from at least one microwave transmitter irradiated and heated for melting the toner and that a toner is used that makes a sharp transition from its solid to its liquid Shows the state when heated.
  • a dry toner can be used, for example that is still quite hard at an average temperature of around 50 ° C to 70 ° C, so that it uses conventional methods to achieve a desired average toner size from Z. B. 8 - 4 microns can be ground and also at development temperatures does not become sticky or melts yet, but at a higher temperature of e.g. about 90 ° C is already very low viscosity with low viscosity, so that it if necessary.
  • under Utilization of capillarities is possible even without external pressure and without contact and settles and sticks in the printing material and then very quickly when it cools down hard again and is fixed, with a good one, adapted to the substrate Surface gloss, especially due to a lack of grain boundaries. The latter plays a significant role in color saturation, especially with colored toner Role.
  • the starting temperature of the start of the glass transition of the toner is preferred determined as the temperature value at which the tangents follow the course of the function of the elastic module G 'as a function of the temperature before and after Cut the glass transition.
  • the transition of the toner from its solid to its liquid state is preferred in a temperature interval or temperature window of approximately 30 ° to 50 ° K Size take place. This range should be above 60 ° C, preferably between approximately 70 ° C to 130 ° C, most preferably between 75 ° C and 125 ° C.
  • the energy input mentioned can essentially be one of the overall system correspond to the microwave power consumed from printing material and toner, so that according to the actual conditions, the delivered Performance is compared with the recorded power and coordinated. This in turn essentially corresponds to an efficiency control and / or adjustment. In particular, a regulation on the part of the Sender in the broadest sense and / or on the part of the receiving toner-printing material system or handling.
  • the invention preferably proposes in detail the power of the microwave transmitter to regulate and / or the speed of the movement of the substrate regulate and / or tune the resonator and / or the frequency of the microwaves to coordinate, the latter two measures preferably also to achieve a higher energy absorption directly in the toner itself, and thereby a more precise To influence its amalgamation as indirect and problematic the substrate.
  • the invention preferably suggests as measurable parameters for the dependent control the temperature of the substrate or that reflected by the toner-substrate system and therefore not absorbed microwave energy.
  • Other measurable parameters can - without limitation - the weight / thickness or water content of the substrate or density and gloss of the toner layer.
  • a development of the invention instead provides for using only one resonator which oscillates in whole or in part. Independent protection is also claimed for such a measure.
  • Another development of the invention provides for the use of more than two resonators to offset them by a length of ⁇ divided by two times the number of resonators. This results in a more uniform temperature distribution on the substrate than with an offset of ⁇ / 4.
  • four resonators are used, the spacing of which is in each case ⁇ / 8.
  • One or more operating parameters are preferably also provided in a controllable manner.
  • the local one Process parameters correspond to the operating parameters of the device.
  • At least one resonator in the direction of movement of the printing material has a width of about 1 to about 10 cm to the Simplify handling of the substrate, but on the other hand it is sufficient Power (for example 1-10 kW per resonator) to allow without it Breakthroughs come.
  • the width of the resonator should also be on the Speed of the substrate to be matched. It is a relative speed (for example up to 100 cm / s) in such a way that also in a kinematic reversal, the fixing device relative to the stationary printing material could move or both components. Even a stationary fixation without any movement would be conceivable.
  • the device according to the invention is preferred for a digital multicolor printing machine provided so that protection for such a printing press equipped is claimed within the scope of the invention.
  • the G 'ratio is the ratio of the elastic modulus G' at the initial temperature of the glass transition plus 50 ° C to G 'at the initial temperature of the glass transition.
  • the initial temperature of the glass transition is determined from the The intersection of the tangents at G 'before and after the glass transition determines and lies in the example shown at almost 70 ° C.
  • Fig. 2 shows the measured functional curve of G 'according to Fig. 1 for three examples Toner shown.
  • the functional values of G ' were determined by a rheological Measurement with a Bolin rheometer, equipped with parallel plates of 40 mm Diameter determined. There was a continuous change in temperature at one Frequency of 1 rad / s corresponding to 0.16 Hz carried out between 50 ° C and 200 ° C. The strain of the measurement was chosen so that the sample did not have a shear thinning shows (Newtonian behavior).
  • the toner according to the invention is fixed with microwaves in a structure consisting of 2 resonators, the maxima of which are shifted from one another by ⁇ / 4 and which are each fed by a 2 kW magnetron with a frequency of 2.45 GHz. It was possible to simultaneously fix 10% and 290% toner areas on 4CC art paper, a coated paper for high-quality digital printing, with a basis weight of 130 g / m 2 at a process speed of 210 mm / s. A uniform coverage of toner on paper is designated with 100%, which has an optical density of approx. 1.4 when fixed.
  • the toner according to the invention is fixed with microwaves in a structure consisting of 4 resonators, the maxima of which are shifted from one another by ⁇ / 8 and which are each fed by a 2 kW magnetron.
  • the resonators are constructed so that the maxima of the following resonators are offset by ⁇ / 8 in the same direction as the previous one (Fig.4). This ensures that the respective subsequent areas are melted one after the other on the pressure, while the toner melted in the previous resonator is still liquid. This results in a particularly even temperature distribution (Fig. 5) and no grain boundaries can be seen after the toner layer has cooled below the melting point of the toner.
  • Another arrangement of the resonators according to Fig. 6 shows the same advantage, while the other possible arrangements show significantly worse results with regard to temperature distribution and grain boundaries.
  • Example 2 Analogously to Example 2, 10% - 290% toner areas were fixed on Magnostar paper, a coated paper for high-quality digital printing, with a basis weight of 300 g / m 2 . With a paper gloss of 35 measured at an angle of 60 °, a gloss of the areas exposed to toner of up to 37 was achieved, the greatest value being achieved with the high surface coverage above 100%.
  • Magnostar paper can only achieve a maximum 60 ° gloss of 30, which is clear is below the paper gloss of 35 and no satisfactory gloss impression of large ones Offers toner areas.
  • FIG. 3 shows schematically and only by way of example a perspective view of one possible embodiment a device according to the invention for fixing a toner image, in particular to carry out the procedure outlined above.
  • a section of a conveyor belt 1 is shown, on the sheets of a sheet Printing material can be placed and transported one after the other.
  • This Conveyor belt 1 runs through a fixing device, which among other things consists of two to each other staggered resonators 2 and 3 there.
  • the resonators instruct suitable position on an approximately 3 - 10 mm high slot 4 through which the conveyor belt and the substrate is passed through.
  • standing microwaves are formed in the resonators 2 and 3 5, of which field strength maxima in the plane of the conveyor belt 1 or of the printing material located thereon and thereby in particular the printing material and heat the toner image thereon so that the toner image melts and when cooled outside the resonators 2, 3 on the printing material fixed.
  • the resonators 2 and 3 are a quarter of the Wavelength of the microwaves 5 arranged offset to one another by a corresponding one To offset the maxima of the microwave 5 and the substrate and to heat the toner image relatively evenly.
  • the following designated ⁇ wavelength of this standing microwave 5 the course of the energy input into the substrate corresponds to only half the wavelength corresponds to the free microwave originally fed through a waveguide.
  • the resonators 2 and 3 are used as Lines sketched waveguide with a suitable system microwave generation 6 connected. Move the conveyor belt 1 and the printing material on it in the direction of arrow 7 through the resonators 2, 3, for example at a speed of up to one meter per second.
  • the scattered radiation that emerges from the passage opening of the resonators can be by building a so-called choke structure and / or by using Reduce absorbent materials outside the resonator.
  • Figure 4 schematically illustrates a preferred sequence of resonators 8 to 11 in a plan view of the conveyor belt 1, on which a substrate or a printing material is conveyed in the conveying direction 7.
  • resonators 8 to 11 in the conveying direction 7 are exemplarily one behind the other arranged.
  • N resonators could be connected in series in this way to be ordered.
  • the resonators there are standing microwaves of one wavelength ⁇ generated.
  • the respective wave course leads to areas of different Field strength in the level of the conveyor belt 1 or the printing material in the areas of the resonators 8 to 11 indicated in Fig. 4 with framed fields and are symbolized.
  • the field strength curve itself is continuous.
  • areas of the respective field strength maxima are indicated in areas 12.
  • Fig. 5 there are namely temperature profiles of the substrate over the width of the substrate (broken down or measured in pixels) in ° C, at only a switched on resonator 8, with a combination of the resonators 8 + 9, at a combination of the resonators 8 + 9 + 10 and with operation of all resonators 8 + 9 + 10 + 11.
  • the last assigned temperature profile is recognizably uniform given over the substrate width at about 100 ° C.
  • Fig. 6 shows another preferred arrangement option in accordance with Fig. 4 the following resonators 13 to 16 in the conveying direction. Again, the areas are the field strength maxima in the plane of the printing material designated 12.
  • resonators 13, 14 and 15, 16 are in two successive groups with two resonators each.
  • resonators could be divided into N / 2 groups.
  • the field strength maxima of the resonators of the groups to one another offset, in such a way that a total of 7 field strength maxima in the conveying direction 12 each result in turn by ⁇ / 2N, or here by ⁇ / 8, to each other are offset.
  • the result is a temperature curve as in Fig. 5 when all resonators 13 to 16 are switched on.
  • the arrangement of the resonators is not based on the rectangular arrangement shown in Fig. 3-6 limited. In the case of an arrangement inclined to the transport direction 7 of the printing material this results in a more uniform heating of the substrate, however increased space requirements.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fixing For Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Constitution Of High-Frequency Heating (AREA)
  • Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
EP01127897A 2000-12-22 2001-11-23 Méthode et unité de fixage de toner sur un support, en particulier un support d'impression Withdrawn EP1217459A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10064565 2000-12-22
DE10064565 2000-12-22
DE10145002 2001-09-12
DE10145002A DE10145002B8 (de) 2000-12-22 2001-09-12 Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Fixierung von Toner auf einem Träger bzw. einem Bedruckstoff

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1217459A2 true EP1217459A2 (fr) 2002-06-26
EP1217459A3 EP1217459A3 (fr) 2006-11-15

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EP01127897A Withdrawn EP1217459A3 (fr) 2000-12-22 2001-11-23 Méthode et unité de fixage de toner sur un support, en particulier un support d'impression

Country Status (4)

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US (1) US6683287B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1217459A3 (fr)
JP (1) JP2002278360A (fr)
DE (1) DE10145002B8 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1217462A2 (fr) * 2000-12-22 2002-06-26 NexPress Solutions LLC Méthode et unité pour chauffer un support d'impression et/ou du toner
EP1217460A2 (fr) * 2000-12-22 2002-06-26 NexPress Solutions LLC Méthode et unité pour chauffer un support d'impression et/ou du toner
EP1217461A2 (fr) * 2000-12-22 2002-06-26 NexPress Solutions LLC Méthode et unité de fixage de toner sur un support, en particulier un support d'impression
EP1518152A2 (fr) * 2002-06-22 2005-03-30 Schott Ag Dispositif d'impression
WO2019170300A1 (fr) * 2018-03-08 2019-09-12 Siempelkamp Maschinen- Und Anlagenbau Gmbh Four à passage continu et installation de fabrication de plaques de matériau en bois
WO2019170299A1 (fr) * 2018-03-08 2019-09-12 Siempelkamp Maschinen- Und Anlagenbau Gmbh Four à passage continu et installation de fabrication de plaques de matériau en bois

Families Citing this family (19)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6608986B2 (en) * 2000-12-22 2003-08-19 Nexpress Solutions Llc Digital printing or copying machine and process for fixing a toner on a substrate
DE10225604B4 (de) * 2002-06-07 2005-12-15 Eastman Kodak Co. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Fixieren von Toner auf einem Aufzeichnungsmaterial
EP1411397B1 (fr) * 2002-10-14 2009-03-25 Eastman Kodak Company Méthode et dispositif pour chauffage d'un support d'enregistrement et/ou de toner
DE10343708A1 (de) * 2003-09-18 2005-05-12 Nexpress Solutions Llc Verfahren für das Befestigen von Toner an einem Bedruckstoff und Mikrowelleneinrichtung
EP1682945A1 (fr) * 2003-11-15 2006-07-26 Eastman Kodak Company Fixation d'images de toner dans le cadre d'une impression en duplex
DE102004004329B4 (de) * 2004-01-24 2010-04-22 Eastman Kodak Co. Einrichtung und Verfahren zum Einstellen einer Fixiereinrichtung und Fixiereinrichtung einer digitalen Druckmaschine
US7298994B2 (en) * 2004-04-16 2007-11-20 Eastman Kodak Company Process and printing machine for the use of liquid print colors
US20070280758A1 (en) * 2006-06-01 2007-12-06 Eastman Kodak Company Chilled finish roller system and method
US7740666B2 (en) 2006-12-28 2010-06-22 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Process for dyeing a textile web
US8182552B2 (en) 2006-12-28 2012-05-22 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Process for dyeing a textile web
US20080156427A1 (en) * 2006-12-28 2008-07-03 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Process For Bonding Substrates With Improved Microwave Absorbing Compositions
US7674300B2 (en) * 2006-12-28 2010-03-09 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Process for dyeing a textile web
US7606522B2 (en) * 2007-04-24 2009-10-20 Eastman Kodak Company Microwave fuser apparatus with overlaping heat applicators
DE102007060022B4 (de) * 2007-12-13 2017-01-05 Océ Printing Systems GmbH & Co. KG Verfahren zur Regelung der Wärmeabgabe an einen Bedruckstoff in einer Fixierstation eines elektrografischen Druck- oder Kopiergeräts
US8632613B2 (en) 2007-12-27 2014-01-21 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Process for applying one or more treatment agents to a textile web
JP2011060566A (ja) * 2009-09-10 2011-03-24 Panasonic Corp 高周波加熱装置
JP5536743B2 (ja) * 2011-11-28 2014-07-02 村田機械株式会社 マイクロ波加熱装置、及びこれを用いた画像定着装置
JP5792758B2 (ja) * 2012-04-16 2015-10-14 村田機械株式会社 マイクロ波加熱装置、及びこれを用いた画像定着装置
GB201406657D0 (en) 2014-04-14 2014-05-28 Pera Technology Ltd Heating apparatus and method

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US4456368A (en) * 1981-01-26 1984-06-26 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Image formation apparatus having high frequency wave fixing means
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EP0667732A1 (fr) * 1994-02-15 1995-08-16 International Business Machines Corporation Installation pour coupler de l'énergie micro-onde lors du traitement de matériaux en bande
US5631685A (en) * 1993-11-30 1997-05-20 Xerox Corporation Apparatus and method for drying ink deposited by ink jet printing
EP1217460A2 (fr) * 2000-12-22 2002-06-26 NexPress Solutions LLC Méthode et unité pour chauffer un support d'impression et/ou du toner
EP1217461A2 (fr) * 2000-12-22 2002-06-26 NexPress Solutions LLC Méthode et unité de fixage de toner sur un support, en particulier un support d'impression
EP1217462A2 (fr) * 2000-12-22 2002-06-26 NexPress Solutions LLC Méthode et unité pour chauffer un support d'impression et/ou du toner

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US4511778A (en) * 1980-12-11 1985-04-16 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Image fixing device utilizing a high frequency wave
US4456368A (en) * 1981-01-26 1984-06-26 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Image formation apparatus having high frequency wave fixing means
US4482239A (en) * 1981-04-25 1984-11-13 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Image recorder with microwave fixation
US5631685A (en) * 1993-11-30 1997-05-20 Xerox Corporation Apparatus and method for drying ink deposited by ink jet printing
EP0667732A1 (fr) * 1994-02-15 1995-08-16 International Business Machines Corporation Installation pour coupler de l'énergie micro-onde lors du traitement de matériaux en bande
EP1217460A2 (fr) * 2000-12-22 2002-06-26 NexPress Solutions LLC Méthode et unité pour chauffer un support d'impression et/ou du toner
EP1217461A2 (fr) * 2000-12-22 2002-06-26 NexPress Solutions LLC Méthode et unité de fixage de toner sur un support, en particulier un support d'impression
EP1217462A2 (fr) * 2000-12-22 2002-06-26 NexPress Solutions LLC Méthode et unité pour chauffer un support d'impression et/ou du toner

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1217462A2 (fr) * 2000-12-22 2002-06-26 NexPress Solutions LLC Méthode et unité pour chauffer un support d'impression et/ou du toner
EP1217460A2 (fr) * 2000-12-22 2002-06-26 NexPress Solutions LLC Méthode et unité pour chauffer un support d'impression et/ou du toner
EP1217461A2 (fr) * 2000-12-22 2002-06-26 NexPress Solutions LLC Méthode et unité de fixage de toner sur un support, en particulier un support d'impression
EP1217460A3 (fr) * 2000-12-22 2006-11-15 Eastman Kodak Company Méthode et unité pour chauffer un support d'impression et/ou du toner
EP1217462A3 (fr) * 2000-12-22 2006-11-15 Eastman Kodak Company Méthode et unité pour chauffer un support d'impression et/ou du toner
EP1217461A3 (fr) * 2000-12-22 2006-11-15 Eastman Kodak Company Méthode et unité de fixage de toner sur un support, en particulier un support d'impression
EP1518152A2 (fr) * 2002-06-22 2005-03-30 Schott Ag Dispositif d'impression
WO2019170300A1 (fr) * 2018-03-08 2019-09-12 Siempelkamp Maschinen- Und Anlagenbau Gmbh Four à passage continu et installation de fabrication de plaques de matériau en bois
WO2019170299A1 (fr) * 2018-03-08 2019-09-12 Siempelkamp Maschinen- Und Anlagenbau Gmbh Four à passage continu et installation de fabrication de plaques de matériau en bois

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE10145002A1 (de) 2002-08-01
JP2002278360A (ja) 2002-09-27
US6683287B2 (en) 2004-01-27
US20020088799A1 (en) 2002-07-11
EP1217459A3 (fr) 2006-11-15
DE10145002B8 (de) 2006-12-28
DE10145002C2 (de) 2003-08-14

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