EP1217088A2 - Coating process - Google Patents

Coating process Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1217088A2
EP1217088A2 EP01811205A EP01811205A EP1217088A2 EP 1217088 A2 EP1217088 A2 EP 1217088A2 EP 01811205 A EP01811205 A EP 01811205A EP 01811205 A EP01811205 A EP 01811205A EP 1217088 A2 EP1217088 A2 EP 1217088A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coating
drum
bulk material
bulk
smoothing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01811205A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1217088A3 (en
Inventor
Rainer Batliner
Gerald Felder
Werner Schörghofer
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Hilti AG
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Hilti AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hilti AG filed Critical Hilti AG
Publication of EP1217088A2 publication Critical patent/EP1217088A2/en
Publication of EP1217088A3 publication Critical patent/EP1217088A3/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
    • F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a coating method for mass parts as bulk goods according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • mass parts made of steel, for example in the form of Bolts, nails and screws etc., as bulk goods with a coating, for example made of zinc, of different thicknesses.
  • this coating can which are placed on the finished product by processes such as galvanizing, mechanical plating, hot dip galvanizing, etc.
  • No. 5,393,346 describes a coating method for bulk parts as bulk material is known in which on the bulk material located in a rotating drum liquid coating is sprayed onto the bulk material through an opening in the drum. The liquid coating is then heated by the bulk material dried, so that a film forms on the individual parts in the drum, which also is not excessively thick in the recesses of these parts.
  • the invention has for its object an environmentally friendly and inexpensive To develop coating processes for the coating of bulk parts as bulk goods, in which no harmful hydrogen entry into the individual parts of the bulk material he follows.
  • the bulk material is continuously turned with the help of the rotating drum kept in motion so that the individual parts of the bulk material are never for one Touch for a longer period in the same place.
  • the coating material is from provided in a coating system arranged outside the drum heated and atomized under high pressure and thereby onto the bulk material spun.
  • the coating material is applied at a rate of, for example 30 m / sec to 650 m / sec hurled onto the bulk material.
  • spray duration melting rate set can be. Heating causes the coating material to melt brought.
  • the coating material is a fusible material that is wire-shaped - for example zinc wire - or powdered - for example zinc powder, metal alloys, plastic or Ceramics - available.
  • a strong cooling of the heated and atomized coating material due to a large distance between the bulk material and that area of the coating system, in which the coating material is atomized, for example can be prevented by expediently heating the coating material with a spray gun of the coating system arranged close to the bulk material.
  • the surface of the bulk material is roughened and activated by means of a blasting process. This Roughening and activation of the surface of the bulk material contributes to better adhesion of the coating material that is applied to the bulk material during coating becomes.
  • the bulk material is expediently blasted outside the Drum, for example in a compressed air, sandblasting or centrifugal wheel system at fine-grained blasting medium is thrown onto the bulk material at high speed, roughened.
  • the bulk material has, for example, a surface roughness after the blasting process from RZ 16-20 ⁇ m.
  • the applied coating is relatively rough. If necessary, preferably the surface of the bulk material in a process step following the coating to be smoothed. The roughness typical of the process is leveled and the Layer compacted so that the properties of the coating in terms of appearance and Corrosion behavior can be improved.
  • Particularly high coating qualities can be achieved by smoothing the bulk material advantageously outside the drum in a smoothing device with at least an additional aid.
  • the tool is, for example around small polished steel balls with a diameter of, for example, 0.3 mm to 5 mm.
  • the container of the tumble mixer can, for example, rotate during the smoothing process or tumble. But it can also be cylindrical and with a conveyor spiral be equipped with the bulk material to be smoothed and the tool for smoothing one filling-side, first end transported to an ejection-side, second end of the container.
  • the bulk material 5 in which it is for example pin-shaped elements such as nails are roughened.
  • This blasting process does not result only clean surfaces, but also roughen them, so that the following Coating applied coating can adhere particularly well.
  • Method step B relates to coating, in which, for example, a Corrosion protection serving, heated and atomized coating material on the Surface of the bulk material is thrown.
  • FIG. 2 there is the bulk material 5 - a large one Number of nails - in a rotating drum 1.
  • a rotation axis 12 of the Drum 1 is arranged at an angle W of 25 ° with respect to a horizontal.
  • the drum 1 is connected to a drive shaft 2 of a drive device 3, which extends coaxially to the axis of rotation of the drum 1.
  • the drum 1 At a first, front end 10, the drum 1 has an opening 4 which the Feeding the bulk material 5 into the drum 1 and removing the bulk material 5 the drum 1 is used. A second, opposite the first end 10, the front end 11 of the drum 1 is fixed to the drive shaft 2 of the drive device 3 connected.
  • the drum 1 is made of a perforated plate, which is not Holes shown in more detail, for example, have a diameter of approximately 2 mm. The The distance between the holes is also approx. 2 mm.
  • the drum 1 is composed of two conical sections of different sizes together, with a larger section with respect to the length of the drum 1 in Tapered towards drive device 3.
  • a smaller section tapers to first, end 10 of the drum 1 and is of a large clear width having, opening 4 limited.
  • the drum 1 is designed such that it is also, but only partially tapered towards the first, front end 10. The clear expanse of the Opening 4 at the first end face is somewhat reduced.
  • a good loading of the drum with the bulk material or a good removal of the Bulk from the drum is achieved by preferably rotating the drum axis at an angle of 1 ° to 90 °, in particular between 20 ° and 30 ° a horizontal is arranged.
  • the bulk material 5 located in a receiving chamber 9 of the drum 1 is located in constant motion during coating.
  • the spray gun 6 is part of a Coating system 8. Inside the spray gun 6 is the coating material heated and atomized under high pressure and onto the bulk material to be coated spun.
  • the spray gun 6 is - depending on the inclination of the drum 1 and Size of the opening 4 in the drum 1 - just outside the drum 1 in front of the Opening 4 arranged or projects into this opening 4, for example.
  • the coating system 8 is not supported on one represented surface of a substrate. With a handling system, the Spray gun 6 are moved during coating.
  • FIG. 1 shows a further process step C - the smoothing - that of the second process step B - the coating - can be downstream.
  • the applied Coating material ensures a rough surface on the individual parts of the Bulk material 5. This surface is after coating in a not shown Smoothing device smoothed and compressed. This helps to improve the layer properties and the optical appearance of the same.
  • the smoothing is done outside the drum 1 in a container of the smoothing device together with one not tools shown in the form of polished steel balls. The container leads during the smoothing process for example, a rotating or tumbling movement.
  • the shown in Fig. 1 Process steps A, B and C can be integrated into one or two Plants are carried out. Process steps B and C can also be carried out simultaneously or alternately.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Glanulating (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)

Abstract

Coating method comprises heating a coating material using a coating unit (8) before it is applied to the bulk material (5). Preferred Features: The coating material is heated using a spray gun (6) of the coating unit. The surface of the bulk material is roughened or activated using a compressed air jet or sand blast outside of the drum (1). After coating, the surface of the bulk material is smoothed using auxiliary devices.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Beschichtungsverfahren für Massenteile als Schüttgut gemäss dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a coating method for mass parts as bulk goods according to the preamble of claim 1.

Zum Schutz gegen Korrosion werden Massenteile aus Stahl beispielsweise in Form von Bolzen, Nägeln und Schrauben usw., als Schüttgut mit einer Beschichtung, beispielsweise aus Zink, unterschiedlicher Dicke versehen.To protect against corrosion, mass parts made of steel, for example in the form of Bolts, nails and screws etc., as bulk goods with a coating, for example made of zinc, of different thicknesses.

Das Aufbringen dieser Beschichtung kann, je nach Korrosionsschutzanforderungen, welche an das fertige Produkt gestellt werden, durch Verfahren wie galvanisches Verzinken, mechanisches Plattieren, Feuerverzinken usw. durchgeführt werden.Depending on the corrosion protection requirements, the application of this coating can which are placed on the finished product by processes such as galvanizing, mechanical plating, hot dip galvanizing, etc.

Als heute weitest verbreitetes Verfahren ist hier das galvanische Verzinken zu nennen. Dabei werden Massenteile als Schüttgut in den einzelnen Behandlungsstufen in langsam rotierenden Trommeln durch verschiedene Bäder bewegt.The most widespread process today is galvanizing. Mass parts as bulk in the individual treatment stages are slow rotating drums moved through different baths.

Durch die notwendige nasschemische Vorbehandlung infolge Metallauflösung, und je nach Elektrolytzusammensetzung - sauer, alkalisch - sowie durch Wasserzersetzung infolge niedriger Stromausbeute, kann Wasserstoff entstehen, welcher in das Bauteil eindiffundieren und speziell bei hochfesten Bauteilen zu Sprödbrüchen - primäre Wasserstoffversprödung - führen kann. Durch entspröden der Bauteile durch relativ kostenintensives Tempern, bei dem der Wasserstoff teilweise wieder aus dem Bauteil entweicht, kann der Effekt der Wasserstoffversprödung teilweise wieder aufgehoben werden.Due to the necessary wet chemical pretreatment due to metal dissolution, and depending according to electrolyte composition - acidic, alkaline - as well as through water decomposition As a result of the low current yield, hydrogen can be generated, which diffuses into the component and especially for high-strength components for brittle fractures - primary hydrogen embrittlement - can lead. By embrittling the components through relatively expensive ones Annealing, in which the hydrogen escapes from the component, the effect of hydrogen embrittlement can be partially eliminated.

Durch Weiterentwicklungen auf dem Elektrolyt- und dem Anlagenbausektor sind zwar diese Verfahren gegenüber früher sehr viel ökologischer geworden, trotzdem sind die anfallenden Abfallmengen immer noch enorm und führen zu relativ hohen Bauteilkosten.Due to further developments in the electrolyte and plant engineering sectors these processes have become much more ecological than in the past, yet they are accumulated waste amounts are still enormous and lead to relatively high component costs.

Aus der US-5 393 346 ist ein Beschichtungsverfahren für Massenteile als Schüttgut bekannt, bei dem auf das sich in einer drehenden Trommel befindliche Schüttgut ein flüssiger Überzug durch eine Öffnung in der Trommel auf das Schüttgut aufgesprüht wird. Anschliessend wird der flüssige Überzug durch eine Erwärmung des Schüttgutes getrocknet, so dass sich auf den einzelnen Teilen in der Trommel ein Film bildet, der auch in Ausnehmungen dieser Teile nicht übermässig dick ausgebildet ist.No. 5,393,346 describes a coating method for bulk parts as bulk material is known in which on the bulk material located in a rotating drum liquid coating is sprayed onto the bulk material through an opening in the drum. The liquid coating is then heated by the bulk material dried, so that a film forms on the individual parts in the drum, which also is not excessively thick in the recesses of these parts.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein umweltfreundliches und preiswertes Beschichtungsverfahren für die Beschichtung von Massenteilen als Schüttgut zu entwickeln, bei dem kein schädlicher Wasserstoffeintrag in die einzelnen Teile des Schüttgutes erfolgt.The invention has for its object an environmentally friendly and inexpensive To develop coating processes for the coating of bulk parts as bulk goods, in which no harmful hydrogen entry into the individual parts of the bulk material he follows.

Die Lösung dieser Aufgaben erfolgt mit einem Beschichtungsverfahren, welches die im kennzeichnenden Abschnitt des Patentanspruchs 1 angeführten Merkmale aufweist.These tasks are solved with a coating process, which the in characterizing section of claim 1 has features.

Während des Beschichtens wird das Schüttgut mit Hilfe der rotierenden Trommel ständig in Bewegung gehalten, so dass sich die einzelnen Teile des Schüttgutes nie für einen längeren Zeitraum an der gleichen Stelle berühren. Das Beschichtungsmaterial wird von einer ausserhalb der Trommel angeordneten Beschichtungsanlage bereitgestellt, in dieser erhitzt sowie unter einem hohen Druck zerstäubt und dabei auf das Schüttgut geschleudert. Das Beschichtungsmaterial wird mit einer Geschwindigkeit von beispielsweise 30 m/sec bis 650 m/sec auf das Schüttgut geschleudert. Beim Beschichten entsteht auf dem kontinuierlich bewegten Schüttgut eine gleichmässige Beschichtung, deren Dicke durch verschiedene Prozessparameter wie z.B. Spritzdauer, Abschmelzleistung eingestellt werden kann. Durch das Erhitzen wird das Beschichtungsmaterial zum Schmelzen gebracht.During the coating process, the bulk material is continuously turned with the help of the rotating drum kept in motion so that the individual parts of the bulk material are never for one Touch for a longer period in the same place. The coating material is from provided in a coating system arranged outside the drum heated and atomized under high pressure and thereby onto the bulk material spun. The coating material is applied at a rate of, for example 30 m / sec to 650 m / sec hurled onto the bulk material. When coating occurs on the continuously moving bulk material a uniform coating, its thickness through various process parameters such as Spray duration, melting rate set can be. Heating causes the coating material to melt brought.

Zum Aufbringen der Beschichtung auf das Schüttgut sind erfindungsgemäss alle thermischen Spritzverfahren, wie das autogene Flammspritzen mit Draht, das autogene Flammspritzen mit Pulver, das Kunststoffflammspritzen, das Detonationsspritzen, das Lichtbogenflammspritzen, das Hochgeschwindigkeitsflammspritzen, das Plasmaspritzen, das Laserspritzen sowie das Kaltgasspritzen geeignet. Bei dem Beschichtungsmaterial handelt es sich um einen schmelzbaren Werkstoff, der drahtförmig - beispielsweise Zinkdraht - oder pulverförmig - beispielsweise Zinkpulver, Metalllegierungen, Kunststoff oder Keramiken - vorliegt.According to the invention, all are for applying the coating to the bulk material thermal spray processes, such as autogenous flame spraying with wire, the autogenous Flame spraying with powder, the plastic flame spraying, the detonation spraying, the Arc flame spraying, high speed flame spraying, plasma spraying, laser spraying and cold gas spraying are suitable. With the coating material is a fusible material that is wire-shaped - for example zinc wire - or powdered - for example zinc powder, metal alloys, plastic or Ceramics - available.

Ein starkes Abkühlen des erhitzten und zerstäubten Beschichtungsmaterials aufgrund einer grossen Distanz zwischen dem Schüttgut und jenem Bereich der Beschichtungsanlage, in dem das Beschichtungsmaterial zerstäubt wird, kann beispielsweise dadurch verhindert werden, indem zweckmässigerweise die Erhitzung des Beschichtungsmaterials mit einer nahe am Schüttgut angeordneten Spritzpistole der Beschichtungsanlage erfolgt.A strong cooling of the heated and atomized coating material due to a large distance between the bulk material and that area of the coating system, in which the coating material is atomized, for example can be prevented by expediently heating the coating material with a spray gun of the coating system arranged close to the bulk material.

Vorzugsweise wird in einem dem Beschichten vorgeschalteten Verfahrensschritt die Oberfläche des Schüttgutes mittels eines Strahlvorganges aufgerauht und aktiviert. Diese Aufrauhung und Aktivierung der Oberfläche des Schüttgutes trägt zur besseren Haftung des Beschichtungsmaterials bei, das beim Beschichten auf das Schüttgut aufgebracht wird.Preferably, in a process step preceding coating The surface of the bulk material is roughened and activated by means of a blasting process. This Roughening and activation of the surface of the bulk material contributes to better adhesion of the coating material that is applied to the bulk material during coating becomes.

Das Schüttgut wird zweckmässigerweise mittels eines Strahlvorganges ausserhalb der Trommel, beispielsweise in einer Druckluft-, Sandstrahl- oder Schleuderradanlage bei der feinkömiges Strahlmedium mit hoher Geschwindikeit auf das Schüttgut geschleudert wird, aufgerauht. Das Schüttgut weist nach dem Strahlvorgang beispielsweise eine Oberflächenrauhigkeit von RZ 16-20 µm auf.The bulk material is expediently blasted outside the Drum, for example in a compressed air, sandblasting or centrifugal wheel system at fine-grained blasting medium is thrown onto the bulk material at high speed, roughened. The bulk material has, for example, a surface roughness after the blasting process from RZ 16-20 µm.

Die aufgetragene Beschichtung ist verhältnismässig rauh. Bei Bedarf kann vorzugsweise in einem dem Beschichten nachgeschalteten Verfahrensschritt die Oberfläche des Schüttgutes geglättet werden. Dabei wird die verfahrenstypische Rauhigkeit eingeebnet und die Schicht verdichtet, so dass die Eigenschaften der Beschichtung bezüglich Aussehen und Korrosionsverhalten verbessert werden.The applied coating is relatively rough. If necessary, preferably the surface of the bulk material in a process step following the coating to be smoothed. The roughness typical of the process is leveled and the Layer compacted so that the properties of the coating in terms of appearance and Corrosion behavior can be improved.

Besonders hohe Beschichtungsgüten lassen sich erzielen, wenn das Glätten des Schüttgutes vorteilhafterweise ausserhalb der Trommel in einer Glättvorrichtung mit wenigstens einem zusätzlichen Hilfsmittel erfolgt. Bei dem Hilfsmittel handelt es sich beispielsweise um kleine polierte Stahlkugeln mit einem Durchmesser von beispielsweise 0,3 mm bis 5 mm. Der Behälter des Taumelmischers kann beim Glättvorgang beispielsweise rotieren oder taumeln. Er kann aber auch zylindrisch ausgebildet und mit einer Förderwendel bestückt sein, die das zu glättende Schüttgut sowie das Hilfsmittel zum Glätten von einem einfüllseitigen, ersten Ende zu einem auswurfseiten, zweiten Ende des Behälters transportiert.Particularly high coating qualities can be achieved by smoothing the bulk material advantageously outside the drum in a smoothing device with at least an additional aid. The tool is, for example around small polished steel balls with a diameter of, for example, 0.3 mm to 5 mm. The container of the tumble mixer can, for example, rotate during the smoothing process or tumble. But it can also be cylindrical and with a conveyor spiral be equipped with the bulk material to be smoothed and the tool for smoothing one filling-side, first end transported to an ejection-side, second end of the container.

Die Erfindung wird anhand von Zeichnungen, die ein Ausführungsbeispiel wiedergeben, näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig.1
eine schematische Darstellung der einzelnen Verfahrensschritte "Aufrauhen/Aktivieren, Beschichten und Glätten" des erfindungsgemässen Beschichtungsverfahrens
Fig. 2
den Verfahrensschritt "Beschichten";
The invention is explained in more detail with reference to drawings which show an exemplary embodiment. Show it:
Fig.1
is a schematic representation of the individual process steps "roughening / activating, coating and smoothing" of the coating method according to the invention
Fig. 2
the process step "coating";

Bei dem in Fig. 1 dargestellten Verfahrensschritt A wird das Schüttgut 5, bei dem es sich beispielsweise um stiftförmige Elemente wie Nägel handelt, aufgerauht. Dies geschieht beispielsweise mittels eines Strahlvorganges in einer nicht dargestellten Druckluft-Sandstrahl- oder Schleuderradanlage, bei der feinkörniges Strahlmedium mit hoher Geschwindigkeit auf das Schüttgut 5 geschleudert wird. Dieser Strahlvorgang ergibt nicht nur saubere Oberflächen sondern rauht diese auch auf, damit die beim nachfolgenden Beschichten aufgebrachte Beschichtung besonders gut haften kann.In method step A shown in FIG. 1, the bulk material 5 in which it is for example pin-shaped elements such as nails are roughened. this happens for example by means of a blasting process in a compressed air sandblast, not shown or centrifugal wheel system, with the fine-grained blasting medium with high Speed is thrown onto the bulk material 5. This blasting process does not result only clean surfaces, but also roughen them, so that the following Coating applied coating can adhere particularly well.

Der Verfahrensschritt B betrifft das Beschichten, bei dem beispielsweise ein dem Korrosionsschutz dienendes, erhitztes und zerstäubtes Beschichtungsmaterial auf die Oberfläche des Schüttgutes geschleudert wird.Method step B relates to coating, in which, for example, a Corrosion protection serving, heated and atomized coating material on the Surface of the bulk material is thrown.

Wie insbesondere der Fig. 2 zu entnehmen ist, befindet sich das Schüttgut 5 - eine grosse Anzahl von Nägeln - in einer rotierenden Trommel 1. Eine Rotationsachse 12 der Trommel 1 ist gegenüber einer Horizontalen unter einem Winkel W von 25° angeordnet. Die Trommel 1 steht mit einer Antriebswelle 2 einer Antriebsvorrichtung 3 in Verbindung, die sich koaxial zur Rotationsachse der Trommel 1 erstreckt.As can be seen in particular from FIG. 2, there is the bulk material 5 - a large one Number of nails - in a rotating drum 1. A rotation axis 12 of the Drum 1 is arranged at an angle W of 25 ° with respect to a horizontal. The drum 1 is connected to a drive shaft 2 of a drive device 3, which extends coaxially to the axis of rotation of the drum 1.

An einem ersten, stirnseitigen Ende 10 weist die Trommel 1 eine Öffnung 4 auf, die der Zuführung des Schüttgutes 5 in die Trommel 1 und der Entnahme des Schüttgutes 5 aus der Trommel 1 dient. Ein dem ersten, stirnseitigen Ende 10 gegenüberliegendes zweites, stirnseitigen Ende 11 der Trommel 1 ist fest mit der Antriebswelle 2 der Antriebsvorrichtung 3 verbunden. Die Trommel 1 ist aus einem Lochblech gefertigt, dessen nicht näher dargestellte Löcher beispielsweise einen Durchmesser von ca. 2 mm haben. Der Abstand der Löcher voneinander beträgt ebenfalls ca. 2 mm.At a first, front end 10, the drum 1 has an opening 4 which the Feeding the bulk material 5 into the drum 1 and removing the bulk material 5 the drum 1 is used. A second, opposite the first end 10, the front end 11 of the drum 1 is fixed to the drive shaft 2 of the drive device 3 connected. The drum 1 is made of a perforated plate, which is not Holes shown in more detail, for example, have a diameter of approximately 2 mm. The The distance between the holes is also approx. 2 mm.

Die Trommel 1 setzt sich aus zwei unterschiedlich grossen konischen Abschnitten zusammen, wobei sich ein in Bezug auf die Länge der Trommel 1 grösserer Abschnitt in Richtung Antriebsvorrichtung 3 hin verjüngt. Ein kleinerer Abschnitt verjüngt sich zum ersten, stirnseitigen Ende 10 der Trommel 1 hin und ist von der, eine grosse lichte Weite aufweisenden, Öffnung 4 begrenzt. The drum 1 is composed of two conical sections of different sizes together, with a larger section with respect to the length of the drum 1 in Tapered towards drive device 3. A smaller section tapers to first, end 10 of the drum 1 and is of a large clear width having, opening 4 limited.

Um eine Konzentration des Schüttgutes 5 in Ecken der Trommel 1, aufgrund der bei der Rotation auf das Schüttgut 5 einwirkenden Fliehkraft, verhindern zu können, verjüngt sich vorzugsweise die Aufnahmekammer der Trommel 1 zumindest zum zweiten, stirnseitigen Ende 11 hin im wesentlichen konisch. Insbesondere bei grossen Schüttgutmengen ist günstigerweise die Trommel 1 derart ausgebildet, dass sie sich ebenfalls, allerdings nur teilweise zum ersten, stirnseitigen Ende 10 hin konisch verjüngt. Die lichte Weite der Öffnung 4 an dem ersten, stirnseitigen Ende verringert sich dabei etwas.To a concentration of the bulk material 5 in corners of the drum 1, due to the Rotation acting on the bulk material 5 centrifugal force to prevent tapering preferably the receiving chamber of the drum 1 at least to the second end End 11 essentially conical. Especially with large quantities of bulk goods Conveniently, the drum 1 is designed such that it is also, but only partially tapered towards the first, front end 10. The clear expanse of the Opening 4 at the first end face is somewhat reduced.

Eine gute Beschickung der Trommel mit dem Schüttgut, bzw. eine gute Entnahme des Schüttgutes aus der Trommel wird erreicht, indem die Rotationsachse der Trommel vorzugsweise unter einem Winkel von 1° bis 90°, insbesondere zwischen 20° und 30°, zu einer Horizontalen angeordnet ist.A good loading of the drum with the bulk material or a good removal of the Bulk from the drum is achieved by preferably rotating the drum axis at an angle of 1 ° to 90 °, in particular between 20 ° and 30 ° a horizontal is arranged.

Das sich in einer Aufnahmekammer 9 der Trommel 1 befindliche Schüttgut 5 befindet sich während des Beschichtens in ständiger Bewegung. Die Spritzpistole 6 ist ein Teil einer Beschichtungsanlage 8. Innerhalb der Spritzpistole 6 wird das Beschichtungsmaterial erhitzt sowie unter hohem Druck zerstäubt und auf das zu beschichtende Schüttgut geschleudert. Die Spritzpistole 6 ist - abhängig von der Neigung der Trommel 1 und der Grösse der Öffnung 4 in der Trommel 1 - knapp ausserhalb der Trommel 1 vor der Öffnung 4 angeordnet oder ragt beispielsweise in diese Öffnung 4 hinein. Über eine Grundplatte 13 und einen Steher 14 stützt sich die Beschichtungsanlage 8 an einer nicht dargestellten Oberfläche eines Untergrundes ab. Mit einem Handlingssystem kann die Spritzpistole 6 während dem Beschichten bewegt werden.The bulk material 5 located in a receiving chamber 9 of the drum 1 is located in constant motion during coating. The spray gun 6 is part of a Coating system 8. Inside the spray gun 6 is the coating material heated and atomized under high pressure and onto the bulk material to be coated spun. The spray gun 6 is - depending on the inclination of the drum 1 and Size of the opening 4 in the drum 1 - just outside the drum 1 in front of the Opening 4 arranged or projects into this opening 4, for example. Over a Base plate 13 and a stand 14, the coating system 8 is not supported on one represented surface of a substrate. With a handling system, the Spray gun 6 are moved during coating.

Die Fig. 1 zeigt einen weiteren Verfahrensschritt C - das Glätten-, der dem zweiten Verfahrensschritt B - dem Beschichten - nachgeschaltet sein kann. Das aufgetragene Beschichtungsmaterial sorgt für eine rauhe Oberfläche an den einzelnen Teilen des Schüttgutes 5. Diese Oberfläche wird nach dem Beschichten in einer nicht dargestellten Glättvorrichtung geglättet und verdichtet. Dies trägt zur Verbesserung der Schichteigenschaften und der optischen Erscheinung derselben bei. Das Glätten erfolgt ausserhalb der Trommel 1 in einem Behälter der Glättvorrichtung zusammen mit einem nicht dargestellten Hilfsmittel in Form von polierten Stahlkugeln. Der Behälter führt beim Glättvorgang beispielsweise eine rotierende oder taumelnde Bewegung aus. Die in Fig. 1 dargestellten Verfahrensschritte A, B und C können durch Integration in einer oder in zwei Anlagen durchgeführt werden. Ebenso können die Verfahrensschritte B und C gleichzeitig oder alternierend ausgeführt werden.1 shows a further process step C - the smoothing - that of the second process step B - the coating - can be downstream. The applied Coating material ensures a rough surface on the individual parts of the Bulk material 5. This surface is after coating in a not shown Smoothing device smoothed and compressed. This helps to improve the layer properties and the optical appearance of the same. The smoothing is done outside the drum 1 in a container of the smoothing device together with one not tools shown in the form of polished steel balls. The container leads during the smoothing process for example, a rotating or tumbling movement. The shown in Fig. 1 Process steps A, B and C can be integrated into one or two Plants are carried out. Process steps B and C can also be carried out simultaneously or alternately.

Claims (6)

Beschichtungsverfahren für Massenteile als Schüttgut (5) bei dem die Oberfläche der Massenteile mit einer Beschichtung versehen wird, die mit Hilfe eines thermischen Beschichtungsprozesses aufgetragen wird, bei dem eine rotierende Trommel (1), der Aufnahme des Schüttgutes (5) dient, das von einer ausserhalb der Trommel (1) angeordneten Beschichtungsanlage (8) durch eine Öffnung (4) in der Trommel (1) hindurch beschichtet wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Beschichtungsmaterial vor dem Beschichten des Schüttgutes (5) von der Beschichtungsanlage (8) erhitzt wird.Coating process for bulk parts as bulk material (5) in which the surface of the bulk parts is provided with a coating which is applied with the aid of a thermal coating process in which a rotating drum (1) serves to hold the bulk material (5), which is provided by a Coating system (8) arranged outside the drum (1) is coated through an opening (4) in the drum (1), characterized in that the coating material is heated by the coating system (8) before the bulk material (5) is coated. Beschichtungsverfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Erhitzung des Beschichtungsmaterials mit einer Spritzpistole (6) der Beschichtungsanlage (8) erfolgt.Coating method according to claim 1, characterized in that the coating material is heated with a spray gun (6) of the coating system (8). Beschichtungsverfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in einem dem Beschichten vorgeschalteten Verfahrensschritt die Oberfläche des Schüttgutes (5) mittels eines Strahlvorganges aufgerauht und aktiviert wird.Coating method according to claim 2, characterized in that in a process step preceding the coating, the surface of the bulk material (5) is roughened and activated by means of a blasting process. Beschichtungsverfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Strahlvorgang ausserhalb der Trommel (1) in einer Druckluft-, Sandstrahl- oder einer Schleuderradanlage erfolgt.Coating method according to claim 3, characterized in that the blasting process takes place outside the drum (1) in a compressed air, sandblasting or a centrifugal wheel system. Beschichtungsverfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in einem dem Beschichten nachfolgenden Verfahrensschritt die Oberfläche des Schüttgutes (5) geglättet wird.Coating method according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the surface of the bulk material (5) is smoothed in a process step following the coating. Beschichtungsverfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Glätten ausserhalb der Trommel (1) in einer Glättvorrichtung mit zusätzlichen Hilfsmitteln zum Glätten erfolgt.Coating method according to claim 5, characterized in that the smoothing outside the drum (1) is carried out in a smoothing device with additional tools for smoothing.
EP01811205A 2000-12-22 2001-12-11 Coating process Withdrawn EP1217088A3 (en)

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JP4725589B2 (en) * 2008-03-25 2011-07-13 ソニー株式会社 Composite fine particle production apparatus and production method
CA2746709A1 (en) * 2008-12-23 2010-07-01 Harmonium International Inc. Turbine coating apparatus and spray gun assembly therefor
JP2011058071A (en) * 2009-09-11 2011-03-24 Sony Corp Composite particulate preparing apparatus and method
US9186819B1 (en) 2014-08-19 2015-11-17 Cambria Company Llc Synthetic molded slabs, and systems and methods related thereto
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US9427896B1 (en) 2016-03-02 2016-08-30 Alex Xie Method and apparatus for forming engineered stone
US9707698B1 (en) 2017-03-23 2017-07-18 Alex Xie Method and apparatus for forming marbelized engineered stone

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DE10065957A1 (en) 2002-06-27
JP4118048B2 (en) 2008-07-16
KR20020051827A (en) 2002-06-29
EP1217088A3 (en) 2004-05-12

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