EP1203637B1 - Ultraschallquerstrahlhämmern der Schaufeln eines Rotors - Google Patents

Ultraschallquerstrahlhämmern der Schaufeln eines Rotors Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1203637B1
EP1203637B1 EP01402410A EP01402410A EP1203637B1 EP 1203637 B1 EP1203637 B1 EP 1203637B1 EP 01402410 A EP01402410 A EP 01402410A EP 01402410 A EP01402410 A EP 01402410A EP 1203637 B1 EP1203637 B1 EP 1203637B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wheel
parts
active chamber
peening
blades
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01402410A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1203637A1 (de
Inventor
Benoit Jean Henri Berthelet
Gérard Michel Roland Gueldry
Claude Marcel Mons
Marie-Christine Ntsama-Etoundi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
Original Assignee
SNECMA SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SNECMA SAS filed Critical SNECMA SAS
Publication of EP1203637A1 publication Critical patent/EP1203637A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1203637B1 publication Critical patent/EP1203637B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
    • B24C1/10—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for compacting surfaces, e.g. shot-peening
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
    • B24B1/04—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes subjecting the grinding or polishing tools, the abrading or polishing medium or work to vibration, e.g. grinding with ultrasonic frequency
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B39/00—Burnishing machines or devices, i.e. requiring pressure members for compacting the surface zone; Accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C5/00—Devices or accessories for generating abrasive blasts
    • B24C5/005—Vibratory devices, e.g. for generating abrasive blasts by ultrasonic vibrations
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
    • C21D7/04—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface
    • C21D7/06—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface by shot-peening or the like
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/28—Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
    • F01D5/286—Particular treatment of blades, e.g. to increase durability or resistance against corrosion or erosion

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for ultrasonic blasting of parts which extend radially at the periphery of a wheel, such as blades of turbomachine blades on a rotor.
  • the invention also relates to a shot blasting machine for carrying out the method.
  • wheel means an object having a general shape of revolution along a geometric axis, capable of being rotated about its axis.
  • the angle of incidence is less than 45 ° with respect to the perpendicular to the surface so that the impacts can transmit sufficient energy from the ball to the impacted surface.
  • the exposure of the piece to shot blasting passes through an optimum. Insufficient shot blasting does not give the expected resistance, but further shot blasting can be carried out. On the other hand, excessive shot peening causes irreversible degradation of the part.
  • the blasting technique is particularly applicable for compressing the blade blade surfaces of a turbomachine rotor.
  • it is necessary to blast simultaneously the two faces of the blades, in order to avoid deformations by changing the curvatures in the thin zones.
  • the surfaces to be blasted are one-piece bladed wheel pegs, spaced a relatively small distance from each other, the method of shot blasting by nozzles is even more difficult to implement.
  • the method described in this application consists of a method of ultrasonically blasting pieces which extend radially at the periphery of a process wheel according to which the wheel is rotated about its geometric axis and a mist of microbeads is created in a fixed active enclosure disposed laterally to said wheel, by means of a first vibrating surface disposed in the lower part of said active enclosure, said active enclosure having an opening shaped to allow the entry and exit of the parts during the rotation of the wheel and being dimensioned to accommodate at least three adjacent rooms.
  • the wheel is rotated about its axis disposed horizontally.
  • the blades located in the lower part of the wheel pass through the active enclosure at low speed and are impacted by the microbeads of the fog maintained by the vibrating surface disposed under the ends of the lower blades.
  • microbeads activated by the vibrating surface strike the surfaces of the blades in the active chamber, on which they bounce, and the peripheral walls of the wheel located between the blades.
  • Some microballs exit the active speaker and are recovered in adjacent inactive speakers from where they return to the bottom of the active enclosure by gravity.
  • the thin ends of the blades are subjected to very violent impacts and must be trimmed at the end of the blasting operation.
  • the wheel rotates several turns. It is thus easier to reach the optimum, and avoid blasting asymmetries, generating deformation when the parts are thin.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method of ultrasonically blasting pieces which extend radially at the periphery of a wheel which allows effective blasting of the surfaces of these parts, whatever their length.
  • the invention therefore relates to a shot blasting method according to claim 1.
  • the wheel is rotated about its axis disposed substantially vertically and the first vibrating surface is arranged under the path of the parts in the active speaker.
  • This arrangement makes it possible to impact all the surface areas of the parts passing through the active enclosure whatever their distance from the axis of rotation of the wheel.
  • the enclosure comprises a second vibrating surface above the path of the parts in the active enclosure, and the microbeads which reach the upper part of the chamber with low kinetic energy and are ready to fall by gravity, are reactivated by this second vibrating surface, and participate again in effective shot peening on the surfaces of the parts and walls of the active speaker.
  • This protection can be provided preferably by rods integral in rotation of the wheel and each masking a thin edge. These rods are arranged between the thin edges and the sonotrodes. They have the effect of reducing the energy of the balls that may impact the thin edges. They may be in contact with the thin edges or a little spaced from them.
  • the wheel is rotated step by step during shot peening so that the edges of the parts located in the active chamber are located opposite the fixed rods. Shot peening can be stopped during the pivoting of one step of the wheel.
  • the rods are located between the thin edges of the blades and sonotrodes to protect the thin edges of the high energy impacts of the balls coming directly from a sonotrode.
  • the invention also relates to a shot blasting machine for carrying out the process described above according to claim 7.
  • a shot blasting machine 2 which extends radially to the periphery of a wheel 3 of axis x turbomachine.
  • the wheel 3 may be, for example, a monobloc blisk or a turbomachine wheel equipped with moving blades.
  • the blades 2 may also be parts whose surfaces must be shot-blasted and which comprise means for retaining them radially and regularly spaced angularly at the periphery of a wheel 3 which then serves as a support for the parts to be blasted.
  • the blasting machine 1 essentially comprises a turntable 4 carried by a shaft 5 with a substantially vertical axis 6.
  • the shaft 5 can be rotated about its axis 6 by rotation drive means, an electric motor for example, not shown in the drawings.
  • the wheel 3 is fixed on the turntable 4 by means of a clamping piece 7 cooperating with a tapped bore 7a of axis 6 formed in the turntable 4, so that its axis x coincides with the axis 6 turntable 4.
  • a first annular flange 8 is interposed between the turntable 4 and the wheel 3 and a second annular flange 9 is interposed between the wheel and the clamping piece 7.
  • annular flanges 8 and 9 have at their periphery radial rods respectively 8a and 9a, in number equal to the number of blades 2 of the wheel 3, regularly spaced about the x axis. Each bead wire 8a and 9a resumes the shape of the trailing edges and leading edges of the blades 2.
  • the lower annular flange 8 is positioned under the wheel 3 in such a way that the bundle of the radial rods 8a covers the lower edges of the blades 2.
  • the upper annular flange 9 is also positioned angularly with respect to the wheel 3 in such a way that the bundle of rods 9a covers the upper edges of the blades 2.
  • the diameter of the turntable 4 is chosen according to the wheel 3 and such that the blades 2 project radially outside the periphery of said turntable.
  • the machine 1 furthermore comprises a fixed, substantially horizontal slideway 10, integral with the support frame of the shaft 5, and whose axis is perpendicular to the axis 6 of the shaft 5.
  • the shot blasting device 11 On this slide 10 is slidably mounted the shot blasting device 11 itself. When mounting the wheel 3 on the turntable 4 or during its removal, the blasting device 11 is spaced from the turntable 4.
  • This blasting device 11 essentially comprises a so-called active central chamber 12 disposed between two lateral speakers 13 and 14 said inactive and intended to recover microbeads 15 which may escape from the central chamber and to return to the central chamber 12 as is explained later in this memo.
  • enclosures 12 and 13 and 14 are delimited together by an outer rigid peripheral wall 16 in the shape of a circular sector whose internal diameter is substantially equal to or slightly greater than the diameter of the path traveled by the ends of the blades 2 during the rotation of the wheel 3 about the axis 6, a bottom wall 17 in the form of a bowl which extends between the peripheral wall 16 and the periphery of the turntable 4 and an upper wall 18 in the shape of an inverted bowl or a dome which extends between the peripheral wall 16 and the periphery of the upper flange 9.
  • the bottom wall 17 is disposed under the path traveled by the blades 2 during the rotation of the wheel 3 and the upper wall 18 is located above this path.
  • a lower vibrating surface 20 is disposed in the bottom of the cuvette formed by the bottom wall 17 is a second vibrating surface 21 is disposed in the upper part of the dome formed by the upper wall 18.
  • the active enclosure 12 is thus delimited circumferentially by the partitions 22a and 22b and is disposed between the vibrating surfaces 20 and 21, as is visible on FIG. figure 5 .
  • This active enclosure 12 is such that at least three blades 2 can be housed in this active enclosure 12.
  • microbeads 15 are placed in the active chamber 12.
  • the microbeads 15 placed above the lower vibrating surface 20 are projected upwards, strike the surfaces of the blades 2, bounce off these surfaces and continue their way randomly.
  • Some of these microbeads 15 reach the upper vibrating surface 21 which provides them with new kinetic energy.
  • These balls 15 hit the walls of the blades 2 again during their descent. It goes without saying that some microbeads 15 strike the intermediate partitions 22a and 22b on which they bounce. These microbeads 15 remain in the active chamber 12, and fall on the vibrating surface 20 when they have lost their kinetic energy.
  • microbeads 15 Due to the displacement of the blades 2 through the openings formed between the upper and lower intermediate partitions 22a and 22b, some microbeads 15 penetrate into the lateral enclosures 13 and 14 by the space between the contours of the partitions 22a and 22b of the rods 8a and 9b closest. These microbeads 15 rapidly lose their kinetic energy in the lateral enclosures 13 and 14, fall on the lower wall 17 which is inclined, and return to the lower vibrating surface 20 through the slots 23 formed at the foot of the lower intermediate partitions 22a and 22b.
  • the blades 2 are impacted by the microbeads 15 during the duration of their passage through the active chamber 12.
  • this passage time is significantly less than the total shot blasting time required to obtain the optimum result, and the number of turns to be made to obtain the optimum result is calculated accordingly.
  • This number of turns is at least equal to 3. This makes it possible to reduce the deformation of the blades resulting from the temporary differences in blasting between the two blade faces during the treatment. Indeed, when a blade enters the enclosure, its face turned in the direction of rotation undergoes shot blasting more intense than its opposite face because it is better exposed to the high energy impacts of the balls coming directly from the sonotrode . The compression prestressing of the face facing forward is therefore greater than that of the opposite face, which causes the partially plastic deformation towards the rear of the blade. When the blade will emerge from the shot blasting chamber, it is the opposite phenomenon that occurs, but there remains however a residual deformation of the blade.
  • N By blasting in N turns instead of just one, the temporary blast gap between the two blade faces is divided by N, which substantially divides by N the resulting deformation of the blades.
  • the number of revolutions N is not critical. Three to five turns is considered by the applicant as being acceptable to obtain a significant result.
  • the figure 7 shows an alternative embodiment of the system for protecting the leading edges and trailing edges of the blades 2.
  • the annular flanges 8 and 9 do not include bundles of radial rods 8a, 9a.
  • the protection rods 30 and 31 fixed with respect to the blasting device 11, are mounted in the active enclosure 12.
  • the number of rods 30 and 31 is equal to the number of blades 2 capable of accommodating in the active enclosure 12.
  • the blades 2 are immobilized for a certain time in a position such that their leading edges and their trailing edges are protected by the rods 30 and 31. Then they are moved one step equal to the angular difference between two consecutive blades 2.
  • the rods 30, 31 are fixed, at one end 32, 33, to the outer wall 16 and, at the other end, to a common support 34, 35 which acts as a seal between the rotor 3 and the inner walls 17, 18 respectively, this sealing being ensured when the games left are smaller than the diameter of the balls.
  • This stepwise movement is carried out at high speed if shotblasting continues during this movement, so that the leading edges and the trailing edges are impacted infrequently during the displacement.
  • the sonotrodes can also be stopped for the duration of the stepwise movement of the blades 2.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
  • Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)
  • Non-Positive Displacement Air Blowers (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Grinding-Machine Dressing And Accessory Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Verfahren zum Ultraschallhämmern von Werkstücken (2), die sich radial zur Umfangslinie eines Rades (3) erstrecken, dem gemäß das Rad (3) um seine Geometrieachse (6) herum in Drehbewegung versetzt wird und in einem feststehenden, aktiven geschlossenen Raum (12), der seitlich zu dem genannten Rad (3) angeordnet ist, ein Mikrokügelchen-Nebel (15) erzeugt wird, und zwar mittels einer ersten vibrierenden Oberfläche (20), die im unteren Teil dieses aktiven geschlossenen Raum (12) angeordnet ist, wobei dieser aktive geschlossene Raum (12) eine entsprechend geformte Öffnung aufweist, die das Einführen und Ausführen der Werkstücke (2) während der Drehung des Rades (3) ermöglicht, und so bemessen ist, dass mindestens drei aneinander grenzende Werkstücke darin Aufnahme finden, das Rad (3) um eine im Wesentlichen vertikale Achse (6) gedreht wird und die erste vibrierende Oberfläche (20) unter dem Weg der Werkstücke in den aktiven geschlossenen Raum (12) angeordnet ist.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    dass der aktive geschlossene Raum (12) über dem Weg der Werkstücke (2) in den aktiven geschlossenen Raum (12) eine zweite vibrierende Oberfläche (21) enthält.
  3. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, das auf Werkstücke (2) mit dünnen Rändern gegenüber einer vibrierenden Oberfläche (20, 21) angewendet wird,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    dass diese dünnen Ränder während des Hämmerns geschützt werden.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    dass die dünnen Ränder der Werkstücke (2) mittels Schienen (8a, 9a) geschützt werden, die drehfest mit dem Rad (3) verbunden sind.
  5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    dass die dünnen Ränder der Werkstücke (2), die sich in dem aktiven geschlossenen Raum (12) befinden, mittels Schienen (30, 31) geschützt werden, die drehfest mit dem Raum (12) verbunden sind, und das Rad (3) während des Hämmerns schrittweise gedreht wird.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    dass das Rad während des Hämmerns mindestens N = 3 Umdrehungen vollführt.
  7. Hämmer-Maschine zum Durchführen des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    dass sie enthält:
    - eine Drehplatte (4) mit im Wesentlichen vertikaler Achse (6), die mit Haltemitteln für ein Rad (3) ausgestattet ist, welches radial zu hämmernde Werkstücke (2) koaxial zu dieser Drehplatte (4) enthält,
    - Mittel, um die Drehplatte (4) in Drehbewegung um ihre Achse (6) zu versetzen, und
    - mindestens eine Vorrichtung, um diese Werkstücke (2) zu hämmern, wobei diese Hämmer-Vorrichtung umfasst:
    • einen aktiven geschlossenen Raum (12), der seitlich zu dem genannten Rad (3) angeordnet ist und so bemessen ist, dass mindestens drei aneinander grenzende Werkstücke (2) Aufnahme darin finden, und eine entsprechend geformte Öffnung aufweist, die das Einführen und Ausführen der Werkstücke (2) während der Drehung des Rades (3) ermöglicht,
    • eine erste vibrierende Oberfläche (20), die im Boden des aktiven geschlossenen Raums (12) unterhalb des Weges der Werkstücke (2) in diesem aktiven geschlossenen Raum angeordnet ist und geeignet ist, in diesem aktiven geschlossenen Raum (12) einen Mikrokügelchen-Nebel (15) zu unterhalten, und
    • Mittel, um die Mikrokügelchen (15), die aus dem aktiven geschlossenen Raum (12) entweichen, aufzufangen und wieder in diesen geschlossenen Raum (12) zurückzubefördern.
  8. Maschine nach Anspruch 7,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    dass die Hämmer-Vorrichtung außerdem eine zweite vibrierende Oberfläche (21) enthält, die in dem aktiven geschlossenen Raum (12) oberhalb des Weges der Werkstücke (2) angeordnet ist.
  9. Maschine nach einem der Ansprüche 7 oder 8,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    dass sie außerdem Mittel enthält, um die Ränder der Werkstücke (2), die sich gegenüber einer vibrierenden Oberfläche (20, 21) befinden, zu schützen.
  10. Maschine nach Anspruch 9,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    dass die Schutzmittel aus einem Bündel radial verlaufender Schienen (8a, 9a) bestehen, die mit dem Rad (3) fest verbunden sind.
  11. Maschine nach Anspruch 9,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    dass die Schutzmittel aus Stangen (30, 31) bestehen, die mit dem aktiven geschlossenen Raum (12) fest verbunden sind.
  12. Maschine nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 11,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    dass die Mittel zum Hämmern in einer Richtung verschoben werden, die im Wesentlichen senkrecht zur Achse (6) der Drehplatte (4) verläuft.
EP01402410A 2000-09-21 2001-09-20 Ultraschallquerstrahlhämmern der Schaufeln eines Rotors Expired - Lifetime EP1203637B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0012017A FR2814099B1 (fr) 2000-09-21 2000-09-21 Grenaillage transversal par ultrassons des aubes sur un rotor
FR0012017 2000-09-21

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1203637A1 EP1203637A1 (de) 2002-05-08
EP1203637B1 true EP1203637B1 (de) 2008-09-24

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EP01402410A Expired - Lifetime EP1203637B1 (de) 2000-09-21 2001-09-20 Ultraschallquerstrahlhämmern der Schaufeln eines Rotors

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (1) US6837085B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1203637B1 (de)
JP (1) JP4202126B2 (de)
CN (1) CN1171701C (de)
AT (1) ATE409101T1 (de)
CA (1) CA2392138C (de)
DE (1) DE60135895D1 (de)
ES (1) ES2309044T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2814099B1 (de)
IL (2) IL149738A0 (de)
NO (1) NO320828B1 (de)
PL (1) PL200776B1 (de)
RU (1) RU2222419C1 (de)
WO (1) WO2002024411A1 (de)

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PL354253A1 (en) 2003-12-29
PL200776B1 (pl) 2009-02-27
CA2392138A1 (fr) 2002-03-28
EP1203637A1 (de) 2002-05-08
JP2004508963A (ja) 2004-03-25
CA2392138C (fr) 2007-02-13
CN1392822A (zh) 2003-01-22
NO320828B1 (no) 2006-01-30
US6837085B2 (en) 2005-01-04
WO2002024411A1 (fr) 2002-03-28
ES2309044T3 (es) 2008-12-16
ATE409101T1 (de) 2008-10-15
IL149738A0 (en) 2002-11-10
JP4202126B2 (ja) 2008-12-24
RU2222419C1 (ru) 2004-01-27
DE60135895D1 (de) 2008-11-06
US20030115922A1 (en) 2003-06-26
NO20022368D0 (no) 2002-05-16
FR2814099A1 (fr) 2002-03-22
NO20022368L (no) 2002-07-11
RU2002116366A (ru) 2004-01-20
IL149738A (en) 2007-06-03
FR2814099B1 (fr) 2002-12-20
CN1171701C (zh) 2004-10-20

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