EP1202411B1 - Bougie à effet de surface à étincelle radiale - Google Patents

Bougie à effet de surface à étincelle radiale Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP1202411B1
EP1202411B1 EP20010402770 EP01402770A EP1202411B1 EP 1202411 B1 EP1202411 B1 EP 1202411B1 EP 20010402770 EP20010402770 EP 20010402770 EP 01402770 A EP01402770 A EP 01402770A EP 1202411 B1 EP1202411 B1 EP 1202411B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
spark plug
counter
spark
insulator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP20010402770
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1202411A1 (fr
Inventor
Nicolas Delmas
André AGNERAY
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Renault SAS
Original Assignee
Renault SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Renault SAS filed Critical Renault SAS
Publication of EP1202411A1 publication Critical patent/EP1202411A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1202411B1 publication Critical patent/EP1202411B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/52—Sparking plugs characterised by a discharge along a surface

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field spark plug technology for combustion engines internal, intended in particular to equip a vehicle automobile.
  • the invention relates to a special geometry of spark plug surface, i.e. using amplification effects of the electric field in the vicinity of an insulating surface.
  • spark plug geometries characterized in particular in that the spark is said to be creeping, that is to say that it spreads along the separating insulation the central electrode, to which is applied a high voltage, of the ground electrode, the so-called electrode cooperating with the base or sometimes even being directly conformed in the said base.
  • the electrode mass can define with the surface of the insulation a obviously annular or, on the contrary, be directly in contact with said surface, but in any case, the ratio of the distances traveled by the spark in the air and on the insulation will have to remain very weak so that one could speak of surface sparks.
  • An implementation solution then consists in use a counter electrode which extends into the insulation, facing the surface on which is created the spark.
  • This electrode can be directly one of the two spark plug electrodes, as is the case with patent applications FR99 / 09473 and FR99 / 04733.
  • the counter electrode can be integrated inside the ceramic, independently functional electrodes between which is applied high voltage, and cooperate electrically with one of said functional electrodes.
  • the geometry of the candle presented is similar to that described in patent application FR99 / 07433 filed by the Applicant, and is characterized, inter alia, by a large length of spark which propagates over the surface of the dielectric 100, between the end 101 of the central electrode 102 and the collar 103 conformed to the end of the base 104.
  • This candle can be called surface spark plug with longitudinal or axial spark in the extent to which said spark is created on the insulator, in a direction substantially parallel to the axis of the candle.
  • this type of candle uses field amplification effects electric in the air in the vicinity of insulation 100 which surrounds the central electrode 102.
  • the part cylindrical metallic collar 103 added at the end of the base 104, makes it possible to reinforce field amplification by a peak effect. So, when a high voltage is applied at the central electrode 102, the amplification of the field along of the surface is maximum in the vicinity of the base and allows initiate a breakdown along said surface.
  • the presence of the dielectric 100 creates a field amplification electrostatic in the air in its vicinity, and promotes progression of the electronic avalanche along the area.
  • a first drawback of this type of geometry comes precisely from the fact that the path of the spark around the insulation is not clearly defined.
  • the said insulator systematically masks a part of the room with a spark.
  • the distribution of sparks around the insulation being random, and the local dispersions of wealth in a cylinder that can sometimes be significant, there may be cases or the said spark is generated on part of the insulator around which wealth is not conducive at the initialization of a combustion.
  • This drawback is all the more annoying on engines operating in laminate mix, in which the fuel cloud at conditions close to stoichiometry is moving in a generally poor environment.
  • the geometry electrodes of a surface effect candle generates very strong asymmetries in the distribution of electric field along the surface.
  • the effects of tip, generated by the beveled shape of the collar, contribute to reinforce this asymmetry so that the electronic avalanche phenomena that govern the physics of the spark, will always be initiated in neighborhood of the aforementioned collar 103.
  • the electrostatic field is more than 10 times greater than the field at the end 101 of the electrode central 102.
  • the object of the present invention is to resolve the aforementioned problems, by proposing new architectures for surface spark plugs, substantially different from the already existing geometries presented above.
  • the spark is created radially between the base and the central electrode along the surface of a insulator with a dielectric coefficient greater than one, and which separates the said base from the aforementioned central electrode.
  • the counter electrode which generates a amplification of the electric field along the surface of the insulation extends perpendicular to the axis of the spark plug, parallel to the surface of the insulation on which is creates the spark.
  • the quotient of the distance separating the said central electrode of said counter electrode by the relative permittivity of the insulation is substantially less than the length of the spark propagating in air along the surface.
  • the central electrode has one end flared which extends along the surface of the insulation in with respect to the aforementioned counter electrode, the so-called end ending in a beveled shape forming a angle less than 45 degrees.
  • the ground electrode could be directly conformed in the material which constitutes the cylinder head.
  • Figure 1 allowed us to present the concept of surface discharge by referring to a geometry of already existing candle, as described for example in the patent application of the Applicant FR99 / 07433.
  • This candle is shaped to present a symmetry of revolution around its longitudinal axis D. It is intended to be mounted on the cylinder head of an engine internal combustion.
  • Said candle thus comprises an electrode cylindrical low voltage 204, which serves as a base metallic, intended to be screwed into a well spark plug using a thread 205 shaped on its part exterior over a determined length.
  • the 204 base is therefore intended to come into contact with the cylinder head by through the shoulder 207 and therefore to be connected electrically grounded.
  • This base 204 surrounds a high voltage electrode 202, for example of cylindrical shape, arranged in position central, and therefore intended to be connected to the system high voltage generator ignition.
  • the electrode central 202 is isolated from. pellet 204 through an insulating sleeve 200, made of an insulating material with dielectric coefficient greater than 1, for example of the ceramic.
  • Said insulating sleeve 200 is shaped substantially cylindrical and its lower end 208 is shaped so as to form a circular collar, larger in diameter than the rest of the sleeve, the so-called collar cooperating on one of its sides with a shoulder 212 formed in the base 204, while the opposite side has a surface 206 oriented towards the combustion chamber.
  • Maintaining the insulating sleeve 200 in position is provided by the extreme part 201 of the central electrode 202, which has a flared shape, the so-called flared shape extending radially along the surface 206 of the sleeve insulating 200 above, and cooperates in support with said surface 206 over a determined length.
  • the extreme part 201 of the central electrode which covers the sleeve insulating 200, also characterized by a shape beveled which forms, with the extreme surface 206 of the sleeve insulator 200, an angle less than 45 degree.
  • the sharp edge thus shaped at the end of the cap 201 of the central electrode 202 contributes, thanks with advanced effects, to strengthen the electric field, already amplified at this point of the candle by the effects of aforementioned surface.
  • the length thus defined between the end of the base 203 and the end of the larger diameter of the cap 201 corresponds substantially to the length of spark generated when high voltage is applied to the central electrode 202 of the spark plug, object of the present invention, and that the breakdown phenomenon, along the surface of the sleeve insulator 206 between the central electrode 202 and the base 204.
  • said hat 201 conformed to the end of the central electrode 202 contributes according to this first embodiment, maintaining and sealing of the insulating sleeve 200 by means of tension applied to the opposite end 211, called upper end of the central electrode 202 by through means of restraint that we will detail below.
  • Figure 3 a view enlarged from the lower end of the candle presented in Figure 2.
  • This view highlights the particular shape to give to the contact area between the cap 201 of the central electrode 202, the collar 208 of the insulating sleeve 200, and the shoulder 212 shaped on the pellet 204 in order to obtain both good tightness of the system once assembled, good resistance of the insulator to electrostatic stresses, and to avoid that the stressing efforts applied along the surface 215, by the cap 201 on the flange 208, under the action of the setting means aforementioned constraint will damage the said flange 208.
  • a first point to respect in order to avoid the creation of local electrostatic stresses too important in the insulating sleeve 200, and make sure that the counter electrode does not have a sharp angle in look at the central electrode 202.
  • a radius of connection 216 greater than 1 mm is conformed on the part of the shoulder 212 opposite the said the central electrode 202.
  • the insulating material is ceramic, it is important to make sure that the flange 208 shaped at the end of the insulating sleeve 200 will not be subjected to bending stresses during assembly.
  • the bending moment generated in the flange 208 by the means for stressing the electrode 202 will be minimal.
  • cap 201 keeps the sleeve insulator 200, while ensuring the tightness of the device through surfaces 215 and 213, the so-called cooperating surfaces thanks to the stressing means that we mentioned above.
  • the cap 201 is integrally connected to the electrode central 202, and mechanical retaining means 209 exert tensile forces on the upper end 211 of said electrode 202.
  • the lower end 201 is kept in contact with the flange 208 along the surface 215, the so-called flange 208 then cooperates on its other side with the shoulder 212 shaped on the base 204.
  • the assembly thus forms a perfectly integral, rigid and waterproof assembly up to pressures of several tens of bars, when the device object of the invention is mounted in the cylinder head of an engine.
  • Said means of constraint 209 can be made for example using a cylindrical piece threaded, cooperating at the same time with a thread formed on the end 211 of the electrode 202, and also in support with the pellet 204, either directly or as it is presented, in Figure 2, through a part intermediate 210.
  • Radial surface spark plug geometry as well described allows, in accordance with the definition given more top of a surface spark plug, generate a amplification of the electric field along the surface 206 of the insulator 200 which separates the central electrode 202 from the pellet 204.
  • FIG. 4 represents a second mode of realization of a radial spark plug in which the counter electrode is no longer an integral part of the base 304 but is formed by an insert which can be for example a conductive metal washer 312.
  • said washer 312 cooperates electrically with the base 304 either by a direct physical contact, either via a capacitive link formed by a thin layer of air or insulation separating the said base 304 of said washer 312. In all cases, The washer 312 therefore has a substantially potential identical to that of base 304.
  • the said washer 312 is inserted inside an obviously shaped the inside of the sleeve 300 and extends radially opposite of the surface 306 of the insulation, so as to allow amplification of the field on said surface, favoring thus the progression of a spark on the surface 306 supra.
  • a shoulder 313, shaped in the base 304 allows sealing between said insulating sleeve 300 and the said base 304, by means of stressing 309 of the central electrode 302 similar to those presented upper.
  • This second embodiment has the advantage compared to the first embodiment, exposed on the Figure 2, possibly allowing, as we have seen above, the installation of an electrical coupling capacitive between the counter electrode 312 and the base 304 connected to ground, so that the amplitude can be modulated of the electric field applied through the insulating sleeve 300.
  • One solution for this is, for example, to drown the washer 312, constituting the counter electrode, at inside the insulating sleeve 300.
  • another advantage of this second embodiment is to be able to act simply on the temperature of the insulating sleeve 300, by modifying the longitudinal position of the contact zone 313 between the said insulating sleeve 300 and the base 304.
  • a radial spark plug also has the advantage of generating maximum amplification of the field electric which is obtained at the outside diameter cap 201, shaped at the end of the electrode central 202. This point also represents in operating the hottest point of the candle, and, as we saw earlier, this goes in the direction a reduction in the voltage required for breakdown.
  • the surface candle with radial spark is more suitable for integrating the cylinder head candle, made possible by aforementioned characteristics specific to candles surface, and in particular their longevity and robustness against fouling.
  • the reduction in the size of the candle optimizes the shape of the water core, thus allowing better cooling of the cylinder head, in order to repel the appearance of rattling.
  • Figures 5 and 6 and 7 show third, fourth and fifth embodiments of a candle radial spark surface according to the invention which have the additional characteristic of being directly integrated into the cylinder head, and therefore not removable.
  • FIG. 5 represents a central electrode 402, surrounded by an insulating sleeve 400, the assembly being integrated directly into the wall of a cylinder head 404.
  • the cap 401 shaped at the end of the central electrode 402.
  • the cap 401 partially extends along the surface 406 of the flange 408, while in the fourth mode of realization it is integrated into the said flange 408 of so as not to protrude from the surface 406.
  • the geometry of the central electrode 402 and of 400 insulation is similar to that of a candle removable radial spark surface as shown in Figure 1. The difference is at the low voltage electrode.
  • Said electrode, initially formed by the base dismountable is advantageously replaced according to this mode of realization by metal 404 of the cylinder head.
  • Cylinder head 404 is shaped to present a bore terminated by a shoulder 412 shaped directly into the material, so that the said material comes to cooperate with a insulation 400, said insulation having a nail shape inverted as previously described in Figure 2.
  • the said shoulder 412 acts as a counter electrode and thus generates an amplification of the field electric on the surface 406 of the insulation 400.
  • the end 403 of the bore formed in the cylinder head 404 has a form of step which limits the effect of the wear of the matter and generates a favorable turbulence at the start of the combustion.
  • the shape of the insulating sleeve 400 is similar to that described in Figure 4.
  • the against electrode 412 is formed by molding by the penetration of cast iron into the notch of the insulating sleeve 400, and the insulating sleeve 400 is maintained naturally by the material of the breech and no longer by the cap 401 shaped on the end of the electrode 402.
  • This embodiment therefore presents a solution advantageous in the case of direct integration with the pouring of the central electrode insulator assembly.

Landscapes

  • Spark Plugs (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
EP20010402770 2000-10-27 2001-10-25 Bougie à effet de surface à étincelle radiale Expired - Lifetime EP1202411B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0013821 2000-10-27
FR0013821A FR2816119B1 (fr) 2000-10-27 2000-10-27 Bougie a effet de surface a etincelle radiale

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1202411A1 EP1202411A1 (fr) 2002-05-02
EP1202411B1 true EP1202411B1 (fr) 2003-08-27

Family

ID=8855818

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20010402770 Expired - Lifetime EP1202411B1 (fr) 2000-10-27 2001-10-25 Bougie à effet de surface à étincelle radiale

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1202411B1 (es)
DE (1) DE60100653T2 (es)
ES (1) ES2201023T3 (es)
FR (1) FR2816119B1 (es)

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2859831B1 (fr) * 2003-09-12 2009-01-16 Renault Sa Bougie de generation de plasma.
FR2861509B1 (fr) * 2003-10-24 2006-03-03 Renault Sa Bougie d'allumage a effet de surface a etincelle dirigee.
FR2870052B1 (fr) * 2004-05-07 2006-06-23 Renault Sas Bougie d'allumage a effet de surface a etincelles multiples
FR2878086B1 (fr) 2004-11-16 2007-03-09 Renault Sas Bougie a plasma radiofrequence
LT5490B (lt) 2006-05-18 2008-04-25 Jevgenij Bugajec Uždegimo žvakė
US8671901B2 (en) * 2009-11-30 2014-03-18 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Excess demand voltage relief spark plug for vehicle ignition system
FR2965984B1 (fr) * 2010-10-12 2012-10-12 Renault Sa Prevention contre un court-circuit de la bougie rf
US9484717B2 (en) 2013-12-26 2016-11-01 Chentronics, Llc High energy ignition spark igniter
JP6709151B2 (ja) * 2016-12-15 2020-06-10 株式会社デンソー 点火制御システム及び点火制御装置

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3202859A (en) * 1961-11-08 1965-08-24 Mallory Res Co Spark plug
FR1321916A (fr) * 1962-05-11 1963-03-22 Magneti Marelli Spa Bougie d'allumage pour moteurs à combustion interne
FR2497273B1 (fr) * 1980-12-29 1985-09-20 Onera (Off Nat Aerospatiale) Procede et dispositif pour allumage d'un melange carbure
FR2771558B1 (fr) * 1997-11-25 2004-07-02 Renault Bougie d'allumage a effet de surface

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1202411A1 (fr) 2002-05-02
ES2201023T3 (es) 2004-03-16
FR2816119B1 (fr) 2003-02-21
DE60100653D1 (de) 2003-10-02
FR2816119A1 (fr) 2002-05-03
DE60100653T2 (de) 2004-06-24

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP2628220B1 (fr) Prevention contre un court-circuit de la bougie rf
EP1202411B1 (fr) Bougie à effet de surface à étincelle radiale
FR2886689A1 (fr) Systeme et procede d'allumage d'un moteur a combustion interne et moteur a combustion interne
EP1938430B1 (fr) Bougie d'allumage pour le moteur a combustion interne d'un vehicule automobile
EP2210079B1 (fr) Dispositif d'allumage par étincelle à capteur de combustion intégré
EP1662626A1 (fr) Nouveau procédé de montage d'un ensemble bougie et bobine utilisant une transmission du couple de serrage par le corps de la bobine
FR2847731A1 (fr) Bougie d'allumage et procede pour sa fabrication
EP3408522B1 (fr) Élément d'injection muni d'un dispositif d'allumage
EP1594201B1 (fr) Bougie d'allumage à effet de surface à étincelles multiples
FR2865264A1 (fr) Bougie de prechauffage et procede de fabrication d'une telle bougie
FR2902462A1 (fr) Moteur a combustion interne du type diesel a injection directe
FR2862347A1 (fr) Culasse de moteur a combustion interne et bougie d'allumage
EP1897193B1 (fr) Bougie d'allumage pour moteur a combustion interne
EP2559119B1 (fr) Bougie d'allumage équipée de moyens de prévention des courts-circuits
FR3007825A1 (fr) Bougie de prechauffage
WO2001006609A1 (fr) Bougie a effet de surface
FR2918413A1 (fr) Chambre de combustion pour moteur thermique, ameliorant le demarrage a froid.
FR2861509A1 (fr) Bougie d'allumage a effet de surface a etincelle dirigee.
FR2894397A1 (fr) Bougie d'allumage requerant une tension de decharge faible et presentant une capacite d'autonettoyage elevee
WO2006059037A1 (fr) Moteur diesel a injcetion directe et procede d'injection de combustible dans une chambre de combustion d'un tel moteur.
FR2949538A1 (fr) Bougie de prechauffage et procede de fabrication d'une telle bougie
FR2886776A1 (fr) Electrode notamment d'une bougie d'allumage de moteur a combustion interne
FR2904483A1 (fr) Bougie de moteur, a effet de surface et procede d'allumage.
FR3059774A1 (fr) Capteur de cliquetis a collerette inferieure percee de trous d'accroche
FR3093243A1 (fr) Corps semi-conducteur pour une bougie d’allumage de turbomachine

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): BE DE ES GB IT

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Free format text: AL;LT;LV;MK;RO;SI

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: RENAULT S.A.S.

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20021016

AKX Designation fees paid

Free format text: BE DE ES GB IT

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): BE DE ES GB IT

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20030827

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: NOT ENGLISH

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: FRENCH

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 60100653

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 20031002

Kind code of ref document: P

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20031031

GBV Gb: ep patent (uk) treated as always having been void in accordance with gb section 77(7)/1977 [no translation filed]

Effective date: 20030827

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Ref document number: 2201023

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T3

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FD4D

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: *RENAULT S.A.S.

Effective date: 20031031

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20040528

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20141022

Year of fee payment: 14

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Payment date: 20141030

Year of fee payment: 14

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 20151028

Year of fee payment: 15

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R119

Ref document number: 60100653

Country of ref document: DE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20151025

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20160503

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20030827

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FD2A

Effective date: 20181120

RIC2 Information provided on ipc code assigned after grant

Ipc: H01T 13/52 20060101AFI20020205BHEP

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20161026