EP1199139A1 - Wood composite and an assembly comprising said wood composite - Google Patents
Wood composite and an assembly comprising said wood composite Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1199139A1 EP1199139A1 EP00870240A EP00870240A EP1199139A1 EP 1199139 A1 EP1199139 A1 EP 1199139A1 EP 00870240 A EP00870240 A EP 00870240A EP 00870240 A EP00870240 A EP 00870240A EP 1199139 A1 EP1199139 A1 EP 1199139A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- wood
- slats
- assembly
- reconstituted
- material according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
- E04C2/16—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
- B27M3/00—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles
- B27M3/0013—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles of composite or compound articles
- B27M3/0026—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles of composite or compound articles characterised by oblong elements connected laterally
- B27M3/0053—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles of composite or compound articles characterised by oblong elements connected laterally using glue
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/12—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members
- E04C3/14—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members with substantially solid, i.e. unapertured, web
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a material wood-based composite, of homogeneous or mixed composition, bonded by an adhesive. It extends to assemblies containing this material or made from this material can affect all shapes and sizes and suitable for use, for example as construction panels or beams, parquet floors, floors, paneling, partitions, etc.
- wood must be understood broadly to apply to all wood products, including for example waste from linen, etc.
- the starting signs are in fact homogeneous products, in particular without knots and without other defects encountered in solid wood and that in principle, if you don't take into account a excessive congestion, they can be realized in practically unlimited length, you can avoid the obligation to use assembly techniques by but also avoid the need to have randomly in the vertical plane the areas butting for successive layers. None stands in the way however, to use such a technique, if desired.
- the assembly can be easily cut and assembled.
- the assembly can be carried out with materials of the same nature, i.e. obtained from recomposed wood or reconstituted or with products of the glulam type classic, that is to say obtained from solid wood.
- This type of assembly will preferably be carried out in making the best use of the intrinsic properties of each material, as will be explained later with reference to an illustrative embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a glued laminated element which can be produced using the material of the invention.
- the strips are glued using an adhesive which can be of the same nature as that used for the production of the starting slats.
- an adhesive which can be of the same nature as that used for the production of the starting slats.
- the material obtained in this case can be qualified as homogeneous in the sense that the elements constitutive of each lamella are in principle identical.
- the slats external A and internal B are performed using MDF or HDF and / or agglo type products or other types of particles bonded by an adhesive.
- a material is thus obtained in the form of multi-layer panels, laminated, with excellent mechanical properties approaching those of laminated products based on solid wood.
- the material according to the invention is suitable for many uses.
- the invention is in no way limited to the illustrated embodiments and the material according to the invention can find very many applications both in construction proper as a material for other areas.
- construction has a broad meaning and includes the restoration and renovation.
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne un matériau composite à base de bois, de composition homogène ou mixte, liés par une colle. Elle s'étend à des assemblages comportant ce matériau ou constitué à l'aide de ce matériau pouvant affecter toutes formes et toutes dimensions et convenant pour l'utilisation, par exemple sous forme de panneaux ou de poutres de construction, de parquets, de planchers, de lambris, de cloisons, etc.The present invention relates to a material wood-based composite, of homogeneous or mixed composition, bonded by an adhesive. It extends to assemblies containing this material or made from this material can affect all shapes and sizes and suitable for use, for example as construction panels or beams, parquet floors, floors, paneling, partitions, etc.
Dans la présente description, le terme "bois" doit s'entendre au sens large pour s'appliquer à tous les produits ligneux, en incluant par exemple les déchets de lin, etc.In the present description, the term "wood" must be understood broadly to apply to all wood products, including for example waste from linen, etc.
Afin d'accroítre les propriétés de résistance mécanique du bois, il est habituel d'utiliser la technique dite du "lamellé-collé". Cette technique implique le recours à des lamelles de bois massif qui sont collées en superposition. Le collage est réalisé sous pression, éventuellement en exécutant une mise en forme telle qu'un cintrage. On peut obtenir de cette manière des panneaux ou des poutres dont l'épaisseur dépend de l'épaisseur des couches individuelles des lamelles collées et de leur nombre. In order to increase the resistance properties wood mechanics it is usual to use the technique called "glulam". This technique involves use of solid wood slats which are glued in overlay. Bonding is done under pressure, possibly by performing formatting such as bending. In this way you can get panels or beams whose thickness depends on the thickness of the individual layers of the glued laminates and their number.
Pour réaliser des longueurs importantes, il est possible de constituer des lamelles en collant bout à bout successivement les éléments individuels. Généralement cependant, on préfère réaliser un aboutage par enturage ou fraisage et collage. Lors de la réalisation des superpositions successives de lamelles, on veille à éviter un alignement dans le sens vertical des aboutages pour obvier à la création de zones de moindre résistance.To achieve significant lengths, it it is possible to form slats by gluing end to end successively boils the individual elements. Usually however, it is preferable to carry out a finger-jointing or milling and gluing. When carrying out successive overlaps of lamellae, care is taken to avoid an alignment in the vertical direction of the abutments for obviate the creation of zones of least resistance.
Il n'existe donc pratiquement pas de limite dimensionnelle pour ces produits tant en longueur, qu'en épaisseur. Des largeurs importantes peuvent être obtenues également par des liaisons latérales obtenues par rainurage et languettage.There is therefore practically no limit dimensional for these products both in length and in thickness. Large widths can be obtained also by lateral connections obtained by grooving and tabbing.
Au départ de matériaux lamellés-collés, il est possible de réaliser des assemblages, par exemple pour créer des poutres, des voûtes, des planchers, etc. Ces produits se caractérisent par une remarquable stabilité dimensionnelle et une très haute résistance. Leur prix de revient reste cependant encore élevé.From laminated materials, it is possible to make assemblies, for example for create beams, arches, floors, etc. These products are characterized by remarkable stability dimensional and very high strength. Their price of returns however remains still high.
On connaít d'autre part des panneaux en bois reconstitué (dit agglo ou aggloméré) ou recomposé (MDF, HDF) ou autres. Il s'agit essentiellement de panneaux obtenus au départ de particules de produits ligneux tels que du bois ou des fibres de bois qui ont été formés en panneaux, sous pression, en solidarisant les particules ou fibres à l'aide d'une colle. En fonction de la nature de la colle utilisée, de la température et des forces exercées lors du pressage, ainsi que de la nature des matières (fibres ou particules) etc., on peut obtenir différents types de produits.We also know wooden panels reconstituted (said agglo or agglomerated) or recomposed (MDF, HDF) or others. These are mainly panels obtained from particles of wood products such only wood or wood fibers that have been formed in panels, under pressure, by joining the particles or fibers using an adhesive. Depending on the nature of the glue used, temperature and forces exerted during pressing, as well as the nature of the materials (fibers or particles) etc., we can get different types of products.
Les demandeurs ont observé que, contrairement aux craintes que l'on pouvait avoir pour ce qui concerne son comportement et en particulier sa résistance mécanique, un matériau composite constitué au moins en partie de lamelles en bois reconstitué ou recomposé, et éventuellement de lamelles en bois massif, ces lamelles étant assemblées par la technique du lamellé-collé, constitue un matériau d'excellente qualité.The plaintiffs observed that, unlike to the fears that one might have regarding its behavior and in particular its mechanical resistance, a composite material consisting at least in part of strips of reconstituted or recomposed wood, and possibly solid wood slats, these slats being assembled by the glulam technique, constitutes a material of excellent quality.
Etant donné que les panneaux de départ sont en fait des produits homogènes, en particulier sans noeuds et sans autres défauts rencontrés dans le bois massif et qu'en principe, si l'on ne tient pas compte d'un encombrement excessif, ils peuvent être réalisés en longueur pratiquement illimitée, on peut éviter l'obligation de recourir à des techniques d'assemblage par aboutage et également éviter la nécessité de disposer de manière aléatoire dans le plan vertical les zones d'aboutage pour les couches successives. Rien ne s'oppose cependant de recourir à une telle technique, si souhaité.Since the starting signs are in fact homogeneous products, in particular without knots and without other defects encountered in solid wood and that in principle, if you don't take into account a excessive congestion, they can be realized in practically unlimited length, you can avoid the obligation to use assembly techniques by but also avoid the need to have randomly in the vertical plane the areas butting for successive layers. Nothing stands in the way however, to use such a technique, if desired.
Le matériau ainsi obtenu se prête à toutes les opérations classiques de menuiserie et de réalisation de charpentes.The material thus obtained lends itself to all classic carpentry and realization operations of frameworks.
Il peut être aisément découpé et assemblé. L'assemblage peut être réalisé avec des matériaux de même nature, c'est-à-dire obtenus au départ de bois recomposé ou reconstitué ou avec des produits du type lamellé-collé classique, c'est-à-dire obtenus au départ de bois massif. Ce type d'assemblage s'effectuera de préférence en utilisant au mieux les propriétés intrinsèques de chaque matériau, ainsi qu'il sera expliqué plus loin en référence à une forme d'exécution illustrative de l'invention.It can be easily cut and assembled. The assembly can be carried out with materials of the same nature, i.e. obtained from recomposed wood or reconstituted or with products of the glulam type classic, that is to say obtained from solid wood. This type of assembly will preferably be carried out in making the best use of the intrinsic properties of each material, as will be explained later with reference to an illustrative embodiment of the invention.
L'invention sera décrite de façon plus détaillée à titre d'illustration sans caractère limitatif en se référant à une forme d'exécution préférée et à la figure unique annexée. The invention will be described in more detail detailed by way of illustration without limitation with reference to a preferred embodiment and the single figure appended.
La figure 1 représente une vue en perspective d'un élément lamellé-collé pouvant être réalisé à l'aide du matériau de l'invention.Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a glued laminated element which can be produced using the material of the invention.
Des lamelles 1,2,3,4... de type MDF à base de fibres de bois, obtenues par encollage sous haute pression, sont soumises à l'aide d'une installation à la technique du "lamellé-collé". Dans la figure, on a représenté quinze lamelles superposées, mais bien entendu, l'invention n'est nullement limitée à un nombre spécifique de lamelles ni à une épaisseur spécifique des lamelles.1,2,3,4 ... strips of MDF type based on wood fibers, obtained by gluing under high pressure, are subjected using an installation to the technique of "Laminated". In the figure, fifteen overlapping slats, but of course, the invention is not in no way limited to a specific number of lamellae or a specific thickness of the slats.
Afin de réaliser des longueurs importantes,
toutes les techniques d'aboutage classiques peuvent être
utilisées, par exemple un système d'enturage tel
qu'illustré par le repère 10.In order to achieve significant lengths,
all conventional butting techniques can be
used, for example a fencing system such
as illustrated by
En principe, on veillera à éviter une superposition des zones d'enturage dans les lamelles successives.In principle, care will be taken to avoid overlapping of the fencing areas in the slats successive.
En principe, on colle les lamelles à l'aide d'une colle qui peut être de même nature que celle utilisée pour la production des lamelles de départ. Etant donné cependant que des considérations de prix de revient et de nature des sollicitations physiques et d'autres considérations peuvent intervenir, le spécialiste choisira la colle la plus appropriée pour solidariser les lamelles sans tenir compte de celle qui a été utilisée pour la réalisation des panneaux.In principle, the strips are glued using an adhesive which can be of the same nature as that used for the production of the starting slats. Given however, considerations of cost price and nature of physical and other stresses considerations may arise, the specialist will choose the most suitable glue to secure the slats regardless of which was used for the realization of the panels.
En variante, des résultats satisfaisants peuvent être obtenus également au départ de lamelles provenant de panneaux du type HDF, MDF, de particules de bois agglomérées ou autre. Alternatively, satisfactory results can also be obtained from slats from HDF, MDF type panels, particles of agglomerated wood or other.
Le matériau obtenu dans ce cas peut être qualifié d'homogène en ce sens que les éléments constitutifs de chaque lamelle sont en principe identiques.The material obtained in this case can be qualified as homogeneous in the sense that the elements constitutive of each lamella are in principle identical.
En plus des composés homogènes susmentionnés, d'autres possibilités s'offrent dans le cadre de la présente invention. Selon l'invention, il est en effet envisageable de constituer un matériau mixte dont par exemple au moins les lamelles externes A sont à base de bois massif et une ou plusieurs lamelles internes B sont à base de bois recomposé (type MDF, HDF, etc.) ou reconstitué (type agglo).In addition to the above-mentioned homogeneous compounds, other possibilities are offered within the framework of the present invention. According to the invention, it is indeed possible to constitute a mixed material which by example at least the external slats A are based on solid wood and one or more internal slats B are base of recomposed (MDF, HDF, etc.) or reconstituted wood (agglo type).
On peut aussi envisager que les lamelles externes A et internes B soient réalisées à l'aide de produits du type MDF ou HDF et/ou du type agglo ou encore d'autres types de particules liées par une colle.We can also consider that the slats external A and internal B are performed using MDF or HDF and / or agglo type products or other types of particles bonded by an adhesive.
Dans la figure, on a représenté deux fois quatre lamelles en tant que lamelles externes A et sept lamelles en tant que lamelles internes B. Bien entendu, l'invention n'est nullement limitée à ces nombres spécifiques de lamelles.In the figure, we have represented twice four slats as outer slats A and seven slats as internal slats B. Of course, the invention is in no way limited to these numbers specific slats.
On obtient ainsi un matériau sous forme de panneaux multi-couches, lamellés-collés, présentant d'excellentes propriétés mécaniques approchant celles des produits lamellés-collés à base de bois massif.A material is thus obtained in the form of multi-layer panels, laminated, with excellent mechanical properties approaching those of laminated products based on solid wood.
Le matériau selon l'invention convient pour de nombreux usages.The material according to the invention is suitable for many uses.
A titre d'illustration de la technique de mise en oeuvre du matériau selon l'invention, on peut considérer la réalisation à titre d'exemple d'une poutre dont les deux semelles sont constituées par des éléments lamellés-collés à base de bois massif classique, mais dont l'âme est constituée d'un matériau selon l'invention, c'est-à-dire obtenu par la technique lamellé-collé au départ d'un panneau lui-même obtenu à base de bois reconstitué dérivé de fibres de bois. Les enturages nécessairement présents pour les grandes longueurs des semelles, ne sont pas nécessaires ou sont moins fréquents (mais néanmoins possibles) pour l'âme étant donné sa nature, qui permet de réaliser des portées plus longues.As an illustration of the technique of implementation of the material according to the invention, it is possible consider the realization as an example of a beam the two soles of which consist of elements glue-laminated based on classic solid wood, but the core consists of a material according to the invention, that is to say obtained by the laminated technique departure of a panel itself obtained from wood reconstituted derived from wood fibers. Stages necessarily present for long lengths of insoles, are not necessary or are less frequent (but nevertheless possible) for the soul given its nature, which allows longer spans.
Dans la pratique, de telles poutres sont essentiellement sollicitées (en compression et en traction) au niveau des semelles et l'âme n'est soumise qu'à des contraintes réduites, et le matériau de l'invention convient tout particulièrement pour réaliser l'âme.In practice, such beams are mainly stressed (in compression and traction) at the soles and the core is only subjected to reduced stresses, and the material of the invention particularly suitable for making the core.
On peut réaliser des poutres qui sont sous forme préfléchie, courbée ou droite.We can make beams that are under pre-bent, curved or straight shape.
Bien entendu, l'invention n'est en aucune manière limitée aux formes d'exécution illustrée et le matériau selon l'invention peut trouver de très nombreuses applications tant dans la construction à proprement parler que comme matériau pour d'autres domaines. Le terme "construction" s'entend au sens large et comprend la restauration et la rénovation.Of course, the invention is in no way limited to the illustrated embodiments and the material according to the invention can find very many applications both in construction proper as a material for other areas. The term "construction" has a broad meaning and includes the restoration and renovation.
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP00870240A EP1199139A1 (en) | 2000-10-20 | 2000-10-20 | Wood composite and an assembly comprising said wood composite |
EP01870224A EP1199140A3 (en) | 2000-10-20 | 2001-10-22 | Wood composite beam and method of manufacture |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP00870240A EP1199139A1 (en) | 2000-10-20 | 2000-10-20 | Wood composite and an assembly comprising said wood composite |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1199139A1 true EP1199139A1 (en) | 2002-04-24 |
Family
ID=8175830
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00870240A Withdrawn EP1199139A1 (en) | 2000-10-20 | 2000-10-20 | Wood composite and an assembly comprising said wood composite |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP1199139A1 (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2004005646A1 (en) * | 2002-07-10 | 2004-01-15 | The University Of Maine | Method of making laminated wood beams with varying lamination thickness throughout the thickness of the beam |
CN101293363B (en) * | 2007-04-23 | 2010-10-06 | 德华集团控股股份有限公司 | Method for producing glued adhesion thick plate for construction |
WO2010146222A1 (en) * | 2009-06-02 | 2010-12-23 | Jukka Lommi | A building construction part and its use, as well as the method to manufacture the part |
WO2011151300A1 (en) * | 2010-05-30 | 2011-12-08 | Dieffenbacher Gmbh | Process and apparatus for producing a multilayered panel of material for subdivision into beam-shaped products and a panel of material |
RU2499870C1 (en) * | 2012-06-20 | 2013-11-27 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Московский государственный строительный университет" (МГСУ) | Glued wooden structure |
US8906480B2 (en) | 2012-12-05 | 2014-12-09 | Anthony Hardwood Composites, Inc. | Reinforced laminated support mat |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2054355A5 (en) * | 1969-07-14 | 1971-04-16 | Formige Pierre | |
FR2299490A1 (en) * | 1975-01-28 | 1976-08-27 | Schock & Co Gmbh | Plastic sheathed wooden core profiled batten window frame - comprising glued wooden layers acryl resin surface with angle piece connected bevelled shanks |
EP0320803A2 (en) * | 1987-12-17 | 1989-06-21 | Pavatex Ag | Three-dimensional wooden work piece for use as a structural component |
FR2677692A1 (en) * | 1991-06-11 | 1992-12-18 | Gauthier Sa Paul | Inexpensive beam made of wood core plywood, method of manufacture and machine for carrying out the method |
DE4204675A1 (en) * | 1992-02-17 | 1993-08-19 | Valentin Schollmayer | Medium density fibreboard for window or door frames - consists of strips bonded together to produce required cross sectional profile containing hollow voids |
-
2000
- 2000-10-20 EP EP00870240A patent/EP1199139A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2054355A5 (en) * | 1969-07-14 | 1971-04-16 | Formige Pierre | |
FR2299490A1 (en) * | 1975-01-28 | 1976-08-27 | Schock & Co Gmbh | Plastic sheathed wooden core profiled batten window frame - comprising glued wooden layers acryl resin surface with angle piece connected bevelled shanks |
EP0320803A2 (en) * | 1987-12-17 | 1989-06-21 | Pavatex Ag | Three-dimensional wooden work piece for use as a structural component |
FR2677692A1 (en) * | 1991-06-11 | 1992-12-18 | Gauthier Sa Paul | Inexpensive beam made of wood core plywood, method of manufacture and machine for carrying out the method |
DE4204675A1 (en) * | 1992-02-17 | 1993-08-19 | Valentin Schollmayer | Medium density fibreboard for window or door frames - consists of strips bonded together to produce required cross sectional profile containing hollow voids |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2004005646A1 (en) * | 2002-07-10 | 2004-01-15 | The University Of Maine | Method of making laminated wood beams with varying lamination thickness throughout the thickness of the beam |
US7141137B2 (en) | 2002-07-10 | 2006-11-28 | University Of Maine System Board Of Trustees | Method of making laminated wood beams with varying lamination thickness throughout the thickness of the beam |
CN101293363B (en) * | 2007-04-23 | 2010-10-06 | 德华集团控股股份有限公司 | Method for producing glued adhesion thick plate for construction |
WO2010146222A1 (en) * | 2009-06-02 | 2010-12-23 | Jukka Lommi | A building construction part and its use, as well as the method to manufacture the part |
CN102482873A (en) * | 2009-06-02 | 2012-05-30 | J.洛米 | A Building Construction Part And Its Use, As Well As The Method To Manufacture The Part |
WO2011151300A1 (en) * | 2010-05-30 | 2011-12-08 | Dieffenbacher Gmbh | Process and apparatus for producing a multilayered panel of material for subdivision into beam-shaped products and a panel of material |
CN103249533A (en) * | 2010-05-30 | 2013-08-14 | 迪芬巴赫机械工程有限公司 | Process and apparatus for producing a multilayered panel of material for subdivision into beam-haped products and a panel of material |
RU2499870C1 (en) * | 2012-06-20 | 2013-11-27 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Московский государственный строительный университет" (МГСУ) | Glued wooden structure |
US8906480B2 (en) | 2012-12-05 | 2014-12-09 | Anthony Hardwood Composites, Inc. | Reinforced laminated support mat |
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