EP1198622B1 - Procede de preparation de derives organozinciques par voie electrochimique associee a une catalyse par des sels de cobalt - Google Patents
Procede de preparation de derives organozinciques par voie electrochimique associee a une catalyse par des sels de cobalt Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1198622B1 EP1198622B1 EP00949601A EP00949601A EP1198622B1 EP 1198622 B1 EP1198622 B1 EP 1198622B1 EP 00949601 A EP00949601 A EP 00949601A EP 00949601 A EP00949601 A EP 00949601A EP 1198622 B1 EP1198622 B1 EP 1198622B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cobalt
- use according
- zinc
- organozinc compounds
- advantageously
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B3/00—Electrolytic production of organic compounds
- C25B3/01—Products
- C25B3/13—Organo-metallic compounds
Definitions
- the subject of the present invention is a new process for the synthesis of aryl organozinc derivatives. It aims more particularly at synthesis of aryl organozinc derivatives by electrolytic means, in the presence cobalt element catalytic.
- organozincics especially aryl organozincics
- organometallic made with more electronegative metals, that is to say more reducing.
- organozinc synthesis reactions by a route electrolytic pose the risk of two parasitic reactions, on the one hand, the reduction reaction to give a hydrogenated derivative and on the other hand, a coupling reaction (biaryl formation).
- one of the aims of the present invention is to provide a process allowing access to organozinc derivatives with good yields, both reaction (RR) and transformation (TT).
- one of the objects of the present invention is to provide a technique which allows the transformation of the substrate with good selectivity (RT).
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a technique which reduces the reduction and coupling reactions.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a path capable of catalyze the electrolytic synthesis reaction of aryl organozincics, to from corresponding halogenated derivatives.
- cobalt can in particular be introduced into the electrolyte in the oxidation state II.
- cobalt can also be introduced in the form of cobalt III, but the medium being a medium reductive, this form will tend to disappear very quickly to transform into different species and in particular into cobalt II. He was not fully clarified in what state and form cobalt was catalytically active.
- the coordination of cobalt is advantageously carried out by compounds (solvents or solvating agents) with a high donor index. More specifically, we can indicate that it is preferable that the donor index D of these solvents is greater than or equal to 10, preferably less than or equal to 30, advantageously between 20 and 30, the limits being included.
- said donor index corresponds to ⁇ H (change in enthalpy) expressed in kilocalories of the association of said polar aprotic solvent or of said coordinant, with the antimony pentachloride. This is described more precisely in the work of Christian REINHARDT: "Solvants and Solvant Effects in Organic Chemistry - VCH, page 19, 1988. On this page, we find the definition of the donor index expressed in Anglo-Saxon terms by Donor Number ".
- the atom coordinating cobalt was an atom in the nitrogen column, and preferably nitrogen. In this case, it is preferable that the coordinating atom does not carry an electrical charge.
- a specific coordinating agent which does not play the role solvent
- the cobalt be present at a minimum concentration at least equal to 10 -3 M.
- the cobalt is not too concentrated, so it is preferred that the content in cobalt is at most equal to 0.2 M.
- the reaction medium advantageously comprises a solvent; this solvent must be sufficiently polar to dissolve the metals or more exactly the metal salts used and it. must be lipophilic enough to dissolve, at less in part, the substrates from which we want to form the organozinc.
- solvents that are sufficiently weak in acid (it it is desirable that their pKa is at least equal to 16, advantageously 20, of preferably 25), so that the reactions with hydrogen are as little marked as possible. So primary alcohols are too acidic to give very good results.
- the solvents used can themselves play the role of complexing agents or coordinators. They can in particular, and this is advantageous, to present one or more of the functions of coordination mentioned above.
- the solvent can be a mixture of an apolar solvent and a polar solvent as defined above by the donor index.
- said solvent has a substantially different boiling point of the compound to be synthesized and of the starting compound.
- general saline electrolytes sometimes called background salts, possibly modified by the presence of complexing agents. These electrolytes are chosen from so as not to disturb the reactions at the anode and at the cathode.
- the electrolyte can be chosen to so as to have as cations those corresponding to the metals of the anode.
- the electrolyte can be chosen so as to have metal cations with a high transport power such as the divalent, advantageously trivalent, of the aluminum type, provided that this does not disturb the basic reaction.
- the metals used in the base salts it is desirable to use those which have, in addition to degree 0, only one stable degree of oxidation.
- the electrolyte can be chosen so that these cations are directly soluble in the reaction medium. So, when the medium is not very polar, rather than making the metal cations soluble by means of additives, it may be advantageous to use stable "oniums" in the inactivity domain electric.
- onium is meant positively charged organic compounds of which the name assigned to them by the nomenclature has an affix, generally suffix, “onium” (such as sulfonium [trisubstituted sulfur], phosphonium [phosphorus tetrasubstituted], ammonium [tetrasubstituted nitrogen]).
- onium such as sulfonium [trisubstituted sulfur], phosphonium [phosphorus tetrasubstituted], ammonium [tetrasubstituted nitrogen]
- tetraalkylammoniums the alkyl groups taken in their sense etymological generally have from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms. It is also possible to use transfer agents phase.
- the anions can be usual anions for indifferent electrolytes, but it is preferable that they are chosen either from those released by the reaction, essentially halides, or for example by complex anions of the perfluorinated bis sulfonimide type, BF 4 - , PF 6 - , ClO 4 - .
- DMF used with tetrafluoroborate tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate at the concentration of 0.01 M, has given good results.
- the solvent and the cobalt coordinating agent can constitute a single and same entity, and even a single compound when the solvent is a compound unique.
- the cobalt content is advantageously between and 2.10 -1 and 10 -1 M, preferably between 5.10 -3 and 5.10 -2 M (closed interval, that is to say comprising the limits).
- the zinc content is advantageously between 0.05 M and the limit of solubility in the medium.
- a zinc soluble anode is not used, it may be possible a solid phase consisting of zinc salt (s) is present.
- Said composition when used to produce organozincic, further comprises an aryl halide whose preferred chemical characteristics will be detailed later.
- This aryl halide is advantageously present at a concentration of 0.1 to 1 M.
- the molar ratio (dissolved species and of course excluding the organozincics formed) zinc on cobalt is included between 100 and 1, preferably between 10 and 2 (closed interval i.e. including the terminals).
- the molar ratio (of course species dissolved and without taking into account the organozincs formed) zinc on halide aryl is between 0.05 and 4, preferably between 0.01 and 2 (range closed, i.e. including booms). The lowest values correspond to the case where a zinc soluble anode is used.
- the intensity and the surface of the reactive electrode, more precisely of the electrode where the reaction takes place are chosen, so that the current density j is between 5 and 5.10 2 A / m 2 , preferably between 20 and 200 A / m 2 (closed interval, that is to say including the terminals).
- halides capable of being transformed into organozincics by the present invention represent a wide range of compounds.
- the halides are generally halides corresponding to halogens relatively heavy, i.e. halogen heavier than fluorine.
- the halogen when the halogen is linked to an aromatic nucleus depleted in electrons, it is preferable to use bromines or chlorines as halogen, the chlorines being reserved for nuclei particularly depleted in electrons. If the condition is fulfilled by the six-chain heterocycles, in the case of homocyclic aryls, to use a chloride, it is preferable that the sum of the Hammett constants ⁇ p of the substituents (without taking into account the leaving halide) is at least equal to 0.40, preferably 0.50. On the other hand, the nuclei particularly enriched in electrons can use iodine as halide.
- Heterocycles with five chains and comprising as heteroatom a chalcogen have a transformability into high zinc, show a distinct reactivity, and are always easily convertible into zinc. Therefore the use of cobalt is less critical. This last element makes it possible, in their case, to obtain monozincic from of dihalogens of the same rank.
- the electron depletion of the nucleus may be due either to the presence of electron-attracting groups as substituents, that is, in the case of the nuclei with six chains, by replacing a carbon with a heteroatom.
- the electron depleted nucleus can be a nucleus six-chain heterocyclic, including heterocyclic nuclei having a nitrogen column atom and more particularly nitrogen.
- acyl groups nitrile groups, sulfone groups, carboxylate groups, groups trifluoromethyls or, more generally, perfluoroalkyl groups and halogens of lower rank than the halide which will be transformed into organozinc.
- substituents are halogens of the same rank, we generally forms a diorganozinc.
- diorganozincics constitute new compounds and correspond to the general formulas below where X and R both represent zinc groups.
- aryls can be in particular of formula: where Z1 is chosen from the same meanings as those given for Z.
- the substrates have at most 50 atoms of carbon, advantageously at most 30 carbon atoms, preferably at plus 20 carbon atoms.
- halides preferably aryl chlorides, carrying in particular in the meta position, an aliphatic carbon (ie sp 3 ) carrying at least two fluorines.
- halides preferably trifluoromethylaryl chlorides.
- organozincics can be extended, on the one hand to all of the organozincics linked to carbon atoms of sp 2 hybridization and in particular to the synthesis of organozincics from vinyl halides, especially when the latter are conjugated with aromatic nuclei.
- One of the advantages of the present invention is that it only requires complexing, or coordinating, easily accessible, such as nitriles (preferably aromatic or bidentate) or else the pyridines and the pyridine ring derivatives, such as quinoline. Furthermore, the bipyridyls, being bidentate, give also good results as a separate solvent coordinator.
- Bis nitriles although likely to act as bidentate, are little complexing agents and should be used in high proportions of the same order that single-toothed. They give good results.
- dinitroalkylenes including the alkylene group has 2 to 8 carbon atoms. Mention may in particular be made of glutaronitrile, methylglutaronitrile, adiponitrile, pimelonitrile, suberonitrile.
- Another advantage of the present invention is that it can be carried out easily at room temperature and, more generally, at a temperature below 50 ° C.
- the reaction does not require an indifferent electrolyte
- the zinc salt can be used as any electrolyte.
- Soluble zinc anodes can be used in this technique.
- the present invention has made it possible to obtain families of organozinc compounds corresponding to the preceding substrate formulas and where X has been replaced by a zinc function (generally denoted -Zn- X 'where X' is halogen) which could not be obtained before.
- a zinc function generally denoted -Zn- X 'where X' is halogen
- one of the radicals R, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 is a group carrying a sulfone group (-SO 2 -), including the sulfonates, vicinal of the aromatic nucleus, c that is, it adjoins it.
- the asterisk * indicates that the performance measurement was performed by the organozincic copulation with phenyl iodide.
- thiophene derivatives exhibit reactivity exceptional and it was possible in this case to perform a mono-transformation a dibromo.
- THF made conductive by tetrabutylammonium fluoroborate gives good results in organozincics, although slightly weaker than in dimethylformamide.
- Other amides such as dimethylacetamide also give good organozinc yields.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pyridine Compounds (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
Description
Lorsque l'on utilise des bi- ou des multidentés il est possible d'abaisser la limite inférieure à des rapports au moins égaux à 2, avantageusement à 4, de préférence à 6 mais plus préférentiellement à 8.
- les solvants purement oxygénés en particulier les éthers, de préférence les polyéthers tels que le diméthoxy-1,2-éthane ou des éthers cycliques tels que le THF ou dioxane ;
- des amides ou des urées (DMF, N-méthylpyrrolidone-2, imidazolidone, tétraméthylurée, diméthoxypropylène-urée, etc.) ;
- des sulfones (par exemple sulfolane) ou des sutfoxydes (tel que le DMSO) ;
- et, dans la mesure où ils sont liquides dans les conditions opératoires, des dérivés azotés, hétérocycles azotés, notamment pyridine, et des composés à fonction nitrile (pour ceux qui sont préférés, voir ci-après) ;
- et, dans la mesure où ils sont liquides dans les conditions opératoires, des agents complexants (éther couronne, HMPT, tris-(dioxa-3,6-heptyl)amine (TDA-1)) qui améliorent la bonne marche de la réaction par l'augmentation de la conductivité, l'augmentation de la réactivité de l'anion, la prévention du dépôt métallique à la cathode.
- Un sel de cobalt,
- un sel de zinc,
- un solvant conducteur, ou rendu conducteur, et
- un coordinant du cobalt.
- Z représente un chaínon trivalent -C(R1)=, un atome de la colonne V, avantageusement un azote ;
- X représente l'halogène partant ;
- A représente, soit un maillon choisi, soit parmi les groupes ZH, soit parmi les chalcogènes avantageusement d'un rang au moins égal à celui du soufre, soit parmi les groupes insaturés divalents à deux chaínons C R2=CR3, N=CR2, CR2=N.
Solvant: diméthylformamide-pyridine (45 ml-5 ml)
Température ambiante (20 à 25°)
Halogénure d'aryle : 10 millimoles
Chlorure de cobalt : 1 millimole
Bromure de zinc : 2,5 millimoles
Intensité constante : 0,2 A
Pas d'électrolyte indifférent
Surface de l'électrode : 20 cm2
Durée de l'électrolyse : 2 heures
Cas des halogénures aliphatiques | |||
RX | RZnX % | RH % | RR |
CH3(CH2)9Br | 30 | 40 | |
Br(CH2)3COOEt | 42 |
Cas d'halogénure vinylique | |
Ph-CH=CHBr | PhCH=CHZnBr 45% |
- le solvant est l'acétonitrile (45 ml)-pyridine (5 ml),
- CoCl2 2 millimoles,
- Arrêt de l'électrolyse après passage de 4 Faraday par mole de X-Ar-X (4 heures)
Claims (10)
- Utilisation du cobalt comme catalyseur dans la synthèse électrolytique de composés organozinciques avantageusement aryliques ou vinyliques.
- Utilisation selon la revendication 1, caractérisée par le fait que le cobalt est présent dans l'électrolyte à l'état d'oxydation II.
- Utilisation selon les revendications 1 et 2, caractérisée par le fait que le cobalt est présent sous une forme coordinée.
- Utilisation selon la revendication 3, caractérisée par le fait que la coordination du cobalt est réalisée par un composé solvant ou solutant présentant un indice donneur élevé.
- Utilisation selon la revendication 4, caractérisée par le fait que l'atome responsable du bon indice donneur est choisi parmi les atomes de la colonne de l'azote.
- Utilisation selon les revendications 3 à 5, caractérisée par le fait que la coordination du cobalt est réalisée par un agent coordinant spécifique.
- Utilisation selon les revendications 3 à 6, caractérisée par le fait que ledit agent coordinant présente des fonctions choisies parmi les fonctions pyridine, nitrile, phosphine, stibine et imine.
- Composition, pour la synthèse électrolytique de composés organozinciques caractérisée par le fait qu'elle comporte au moins :Un sel de cobalt,un sel de zinc,un solvant conducteur, ou rendu conducteur,un halogénure d'aryle, etun coordinant du cobalt.
- Procédé de synthèse par voie électrolytique d'organozinciques, avantageusement aromatiques ou vinyliques, comprenant l'utilisation du cobalt comme catalyseur selon les revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé par le fait qu'il consiste à soumettre une composition selon la revendication 8 comportant, en outre, un halogénure organique à une électrolyse sur une cathode inerte.
- composés organozinciques aromatique comportant directement lié à un atome de carbone sp2, avantageusement aromatique, au moins une fonction ou groupe choisi parmi les fonctions anilines au plus mono substituée, un groupement SO2 et une autre fontion zincique
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9908480 | 1999-07-01 | ||
FR9908480A FR2795750B1 (fr) | 1999-07-01 | 1999-07-01 | Procede de preparation de derives organozinciques par voie electrochimique associee a une catalyse par des sels de cobalt |
PCT/FR2000/001865 WO2001002625A1 (fr) | 1999-07-01 | 2000-06-30 | Procede de preparation de derives organozinciques par voie electrochimique associee a une catalyse par des sels de cobalt |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1198622A1 EP1198622A1 (fr) | 2002-04-24 |
EP1198622B1 true EP1198622B1 (fr) | 2004-10-06 |
Family
ID=9547587
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00949601A Expired - Lifetime EP1198622B1 (fr) | 1999-07-01 | 2000-06-30 | Procede de preparation de derives organozinciques par voie electrochimique associee a une catalyse par des sels de cobalt |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6808655B1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1198622B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE278820T1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU6290500A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2376968A1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE60014654T2 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2226888T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2795750B1 (fr) |
HU (1) | HUP0201885A2 (fr) |
PT (1) | PT1198622E (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2001002625A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2826963B1 (fr) * | 2001-07-04 | 2006-01-27 | Rhodia Chimie Sa | Preparation d'organozinciques aromatiques et composition pour ce faire |
US7332268B2 (en) * | 2005-04-07 | 2008-02-19 | Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. | Layered support sheet for high-yield spot cutting from gels or membranes |
KR20110137832A (ko) * | 2009-04-20 | 2011-12-23 | 바스프 에스이 | 전기화학적 환원에 의한 반응성 아연의 제조 방법 |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS565541A (en) * | 1979-06-27 | 1981-01-21 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Photosensitive heat-sensitive composition |
-
1999
- 1999-07-01 FR FR9908480A patent/FR2795750B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-06-30 PT PT00949601T patent/PT1198622E/pt unknown
- 2000-06-30 ES ES00949601T patent/ES2226888T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-06-30 EP EP00949601A patent/EP1198622B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-06-30 DE DE60014654T patent/DE60014654T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-06-30 CA CA002376968A patent/CA2376968A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2000-06-30 AT AT00949601T patent/ATE278820T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-06-30 AU AU62905/00A patent/AU6290500A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-06-30 WO PCT/FR2000/001865 patent/WO2001002625A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 2000-06-30 HU HU0201885A patent/HUP0201885A2/hu unknown
- 2000-06-30 US US10/019,145 patent/US6808655B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2376968A1 (fr) | 2001-01-11 |
ES2226888T3 (es) | 2005-04-01 |
HUP0201885A2 (en) | 2002-09-28 |
PT1198622E (pt) | 2004-12-31 |
FR2795750A1 (fr) | 2001-01-05 |
DE60014654D1 (de) | 2004-11-11 |
ATE278820T1 (de) | 2004-10-15 |
US6808655B1 (en) | 2004-10-26 |
EP1198622A1 (fr) | 2002-04-24 |
AU6290500A (en) | 2001-01-22 |
DE60014654T2 (de) | 2005-11-17 |
WO2001002625A1 (fr) | 2001-01-11 |
FR2795750B1 (fr) | 2001-09-07 |
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