EP1195449B3 - Durcissement par précipitation d'un alliage d'aluminium - Google Patents

Durcissement par précipitation d'un alliage d'aluminium Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1195449B3
EP1195449B3 EP01890265.0A EP01890265A EP1195449B3 EP 1195449 B3 EP1195449 B3 EP 1195449B3 EP 01890265 A EP01890265 A EP 01890265A EP 1195449 B3 EP1195449 B3 EP 1195449B3
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
temperature
minutes
hours
starting material
nuclear structure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01890265.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1195449A2 (fr
EP1195449B1 (fr
EP1195449A3 (fr
Inventor
Peter J. Prof.Dr. Uggowitzer
Simon Dipl.Ing. Kleiner
Helmut Dr. Kaufmann
Peter Dipl.Phys. Schulz
Franz Dipl.Ing.Dr.Techn. Kutner
Christoph Dr.Ing. Henkel
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Amag Rolling GmbH
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Amag Rolling GmbH
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Publication of EP1195449B1 publication Critical patent/EP1195449B1/fr
Publication of EP1195449B3 publication Critical patent/EP1195449B3/fr
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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22FCHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon

Definitions

  • the invention relates to precipitation hardening of aluminum alloys.
  • the invention relates to a method for precipitation hardening of structural or molded parts made of an aluminum alloy containing in% by weight 0.3 up to 1.8 silicon (Si) 0.25 up to 1.6 magnesium (Mg) 0.005 up to 0.6 iron (Fe) up to 0.15 titanium (Ti) up to 1.5 copper (Cu) up to 1.5 manganese (Mn) up to 0.25 chromium (Cr) up to 0.16 zirconium (Zr) Remainder aluminum (Al) and production-related impurities, in which in a 1st step the pre-material is subjected to a solution heat treatment at a temperature of 480 to 589 ° C for a period of 30 minutes and then increasingly cooled, whereupon in a 2nd pretreatment step of at least triple heat treatment the Pre-material for the formation of a superstructure at a temperature of below 100 ° C, but warmed above the lawn temperature and kept at this temperature for 3 to 28
  • the invention further comprises a pre-material for structural and molded parts made of an aluminum alloy with the above chemical composition, which is thermally pretreated after solution annealing.
  • An Al-Mg-Si alloy can be hardened because the solubility of magnesium and silicon in the aluminum matrix increases with increasing temperature. After solution annealing and increased cooling of parts made of the aforementioned alloy, they contain supersaturated mixed crystals which tend to form precipitates in order to achieve a state of thermal equilibrium again. Artificial aging can bring about such a precipitation morphology in the material that there are high values for the hardness, the yield strength, the tensile strength and the elongation of the material.
  • the so-called precipitation pressure leads to what is known as cold hardening of the material even at room temperature after short periods of time.
  • this cold hardening has an adverse effect on the material properties that can be achieved during subsequent artificial aging.
  • the primary material can usually not be processed and cured into components or molded parts immediately after it has cooled down from the solution annealing temperature, but high mechanical properties are required for the material after artificial aging, a pretreatment should prevent or reverse cold hardening at least during longer preparation times and artificial aging technology can be improved. This is of particular importance for the manufacture of components for automobiles and aircraft.
  • a thermal stabilization treatment immediately after the solution heat treatment and quenching, and thus to reduce the adverse effects resulting from storage at room temperature.
  • a heat treatment which is required for a paint bake response (PBR), for example on vehicle parts, can particularly advantageously bring about artificial aging of the part and represent high mechanical material values.
  • PBR paint bake response
  • a pretreatment of sheet metal is proposed, in which this is kept for 0.5 to 5 hours, preferably 2 hours, at a temperature between 70.degree. C. and 150.degree. C., preferably at 100.degree.
  • the yield point experiences a comparative value in a subsequent PBR treatment (180 ° C / 30 min) big increase.
  • a two-stage pretreatment of a sheet is intended to produce high mechanical values after artificial aging (PBR).
  • PBR artificial aging
  • the second pretreatment step involves heating to 66 ° C to 182 ° C with a holding period of 2 minutes to 24 hours.
  • a pre-curing 45 ° C- 100 ° C / 2-48 hours
  • a reversion annealing 180 ° C-300 ° C / 3-60 seconds
  • the invention aims to remedy this and aims to create a method of the type mentioned above, by means of which such a germination state is brought about in the material through pretreatment, which on the one hand enables a long period of availability of the primary material and on the other hand with a subsequent artificial aging with a Technology that can be used for baking varnish produces improved mechanical material values.
  • the goal is achieved with a generic method in that in the 2nd step or in the pretreatment step an at least triple heat treatment of the primary material is carried out with the proviso that the last or final artificial aging within the pretreatment step is carried out at a reduced temperature to stabilize the seed structure and the pre-material, optionally after a longer period of availability, is shaped and, in step 3, the molded part is stored and precipitation hardened at a temperature between 165 ° C. and 190 ° C. for a period of 12 to 38 minutes.
  • a finely dispersed seed structure is formed in the pretreatment step and this is stabilized. Due to the short diffusion paths and the germs that no longer dissolve during artificial aging, rapid hardening of the material is achieved. Furthermore, a stabilized seed structure has the effect that, in the case of long-term storage at room temperature, only a slightly noticeable cold hardening occurs in the course of providing the preliminary material.
  • Particularly favorable mechanical characteristics of the precipitation-hardened material can be achieved if, in the 2nd step or in the pretreatment step, the primary material is heated to a temperature of below 100 ° C, but above, within 10 minutes, preferably within 6 minutes, after the solution heat treatment to form a superstructure warmed to room temperature and kept at this temperature for 3 to 28 minutes and then brought to a temperature between 120 ° C and 220 ° C for nucleation formation and held for 3 to 28 minutes and then cooled, after which the germinal structure in the material is stabilized by hot storage between 75 ° C and 145 ° C takes place with a period of 0.6 to 24 hours.
  • nucleation is achieved and a subsequent one occurs Warming the ⁇ "nuclei, i.e. a fine nucleus structure which removes dissolved foreign atoms from the Al matrix.
  • This last-mentioned process is intensified by a subsequent stabilization at a lower temperature, a stabilization of the nucleation state is strengthened and a subsequent cold hardening during long periods at room temperature is largely prevented .
  • the pre-material is heated to a temperature between 100 ° C and 45 ° C, preferably between 90 ° C and 55 ° C, and at this temperature 3 to 10 Minutes, preferably 3 to 6 minutes, is held. This creates a large number of well-distributed centers of germination with a small distance from one another.
  • the pre-material having a superstructure is now brought to a temperature of 160 ° C. to 200 ° C., preferably from 175 ° C. to 195 ° C., and held there for 3 to 10 minutes, preferably 3 to 6 minutes, and then cooled small effective nuclei can advantageously be formed in a matrix depleted of foreign atoms.
  • a hot storage between 85 ° C and 125 ° C, preferably between 90 ° C and 110 ° C for a period of 2 to 16 hours, preferably from 4 to 12 hours.
  • An aluminum-based alloy with favorable mechanical properties can be created if, after the stabilization of the seed structure in the material, the primary material is deformed within 420 hours and the molded part is hardened. It is preferred if, after the stabilization of the seed structure in the material, the primary material is deformed within 1000 hours and the molded part is cured.
  • the further object of the invention to provide a pre-material which has a stable seed structure with favorable mechanical characteristics for processing for a long period of time and which can be fully hardened in a PBR treatment is achieved in that the material after a heating consisting of at least three times Pretreatment, in which the last heat treatment step to stabilize the seed structure takes place at a reduced temperature, at least for 420 hours, preferably for at least 1000 hours, a stabilized seed structure with the mechanical parameters hardness HB ⁇ 65 (2.5 / 62.5 / 16) Yield strength R p0.2 140 MPa, preferably 130 tensile strenght R m ⁇ 270 MPa, preferably ⁇ 240 Uniform expansion Ag ⁇ 18% and, optionally after the part has been shaped, it can be precipitation hardened at a temperature between 165 ° C. and 190 ° C. within a period of 12 to 38 minutes.
  • the advantages of the starting material according to the invention are, in particular, that larger storage quantities can be accepted for production with naturally longer idle times because cold hardening or aging at room temperature is largely suppressed. Even after longer preparation times, the material, which has a stable seed structure, can be fully hardened under PBR conditions, which indicates a lack of GP-I zones.
  • the stabilized preliminary structure has fine, homogeneously distributed, closely spaced nuclei in a surrounding zone depleted of Si and Mg, thereby ensuring a precipitation structure that has a beneficial effect on the mechanical properties during the subsequent precipitation treatment.
  • the diffusion paths for the elements forming the precipitates are short due to the fine and uniform distribution of the same, so that even short curing times are fully effective.
  • the precipitation-hardened structural or molded part produced therefrom has the following mechanical characteristics: hardness HB ⁇ 80 Yield strength R p0.2 ⁇ 190 MPa. preferably ⁇ 210 tensile strenght R m ⁇ 240 MPa, preferably ⁇ 260 Uniform expansion Ag ⁇ 12%
  • preliminary material pretreated according to the invention makes it possible that within a period of at least 1000 hours, preferably of at least 2000 hours, after the stabilization of the Seed structure the values for the yield point R p0.2 achieved by curing at a temperature between 165 ° C. and 190 ° C. within a period of 12 to 28 minutes are reduced by less than 10% and the elongation values are at least constant, preferably increased.
  • longer supply times of the primary material can be achieved without significant impairment of the ultimately required material characteristics.
  • Sheet metal samples made from an Al-Si-Mg alloy were solution-annealed at 540 ° C. for 2 minutes and then cooled to room temperature in water. A part of the sheet metal samples was stored for 10 minutes at 5 ° C. above room temperature, then held for 5 minutes at 185 ° C. and quenched in water. A second part of the samples was treated by holding the solution-annealed and cooled samples at 60 ° C. for 5 minutes and then storing them at 185 ° C. for 5 minutes and then cooling them with water.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
  • Chemically Coating (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Procédé de trempe par précipitation d'éléments de structure ou pièces moulées faites d'un alliage à base d'aluminium contenant en pourcentage en poids de 0,3 à 1,8% de silicium (Si) de 0,25 à 1,6% de magnésium (Mg) de 0,005 à 0,6% de fer (Fe) jusqu'à 0,15% de titane (Ti) jusqu'à 1,5% de cuivre (Cu) jusqu'à 1,5% de manganèse (Mn) jusqu'à 0,25% de chrome (Cr) jusqu'à 0,16% de zirconium (Zr)
    le reste étant de l'aluminium (Al) et des impuretés liées à la fabrication, dans lequel, dans une première étape, le produit primaire est soumis à un recuit de mise en solution à une température de 480 à 589°C pendant une durée allant jusqu'à 30 minutes puis à un refroidissement forcé, suite à quoi, dans une deuxième étape ou bien dans l'étape de prétraitement d'un traitement thermique à au moins trois reprises, le produit primaire est chauffé à une température inférieure à 100°C mais supérieure à la température ambiante et maintenu à cette température pendant3 à 28 minutes afin de former une sur structure et il est ensuite porté et maintenu pendant 3 à 28 minutes à une température allant de 120°C à 220°C afin de former la structure de germination puis refroidi, suite à quoi la structure de germination dans le matériau est stabilisée par un stockage à chaud à une température allant de 75°C à 145°Cpendant une durée de 0,6 à 24 heures et le produit primaire est le cas échéant façonné après un temps de préparation prolongé et, dans la troisième étape, la pièce moulée est stockée à une température allant de 165°C à 190°Cpendant une durée allant de 12 à 38 minutes et trempée par précipitation.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel, pour former la sur structure, le produit primaire est chauffé à une température allant de 100°C à 45°C, de préférence de 90°C à 55°C, et maintenu à cette température pendant 3 à 10 minutes, de préférence pendant 3 à 6 minutes.
  3. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, dans lequel, pour former la structure de germination, le produit primaire présentant une sur structure est porté à une température allant de 160°C à 200°C, de préférence de 175°C à 195°C, et maintenu à cette température pendant 3 à 10 minutes, de préférence pendant 3 à 6 minutes, puis refroidi.
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel, pour stabiliser la structure de germination dans le matériau, celui-ci est soumis à un stockage à chaud à une température allant de 85°C à 125°C, de préférence de 90°C à 110°C, pendant une durée allant de 2 à 16 heures, de préférence de 4 à 12 heures.
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel, après la stabilisation de la structure de germination dans le matériau, le produit primaire est façonné dans un délai de 420 heures et la pièce moulée est durcie.
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, dans lequel, après la stabilisation de la structure de germination dans le matériau, le produit primaire est façonné dans un délai de 1000 heures et la pièce moulée est durcie.
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, dans lequel la formation d'une sur structure et la formation de la structure de germination dans le produit primaire se font selon un processus continu.
  8. Produit primaire pour des éléments de structure ou des pièces moulées faites d'un alliage à base d'aluminium contenant en pourcentage en poids de 0,3 à 1,8% de silicium (Si) de 0,25 à 1,6% de magnésium (Mg) de 0,005 à 0,6% de fer (Fe) jusqu'à 0,15% de titane (Ti) jusqu'à 1,5% de cuivre (Cu) jusqu'à 1,5% de manganèse (Mn) jusqu'à 0,25% de chrome (Cr) jusqu'à 0,16% de zirconium (Zr)
    le reste étant de l'aluminium (Al) et des impuretés liées à la fabrication, lequel matériau primaire est soumis à un traitement thermique après un recuit de mise en solution, caractérisé en ce que le matériau, après un prétraitement consistant à le chauffer et le refroidir au moins à trois reprises, la dernière étape de traitement thermique de stabilisation de la structure de germination se faisant à une température abaissée, présente pendant au moins 420heures, de préférence pendant au moins 1000 heures, une structure de germination stabilisée ayant les caractéristiques mécaniques suivantes: dureté HB ≤ 65 (2,5/62,5/16) limite d'allongement Rp0,2 ≤ 130 MPa résistance à la traction Rm ≤ 270, de préférence ≤ 240 MPa allongement avant striction Ag ≥ 18%
    et, le cas échéant après avoir été façonnée, la pièce peut être durcie par précipitation à une température allant de165°C à 190°C pendant une durée allant de 12 à 38 minutes.
  9. Produit primaire selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de structure ou la pièce moulée trempéepar précipitation fabriquée à partir de ce produit possède les caractéristiques mécaniques suivantes : dureté HB ≥ 80 limite d'allongement Rp0,2 ≥ 210 MPa résistance à la traction Rm ≥ 240 MPa, de préférence ≥ 260 MPa allongement avant striction Ag ≥ 12%
  10. Produit primaire selon la revendication 8 ou 9, caractérisé en ce que, à l'intérieur d'une période d'au moins 1000 heures, de préférence au moins 2000 heures après une stabilisation de la structure de germination, les valeurs obtenues par un durcissement à une température allant de 165°C à 190°C pendant une durée de 12 à 38 minutes pour la limite d'allongement Rp0,2 diminuent de moins de 10% et les valeurs d'allongement sont au minimum constantes, de préférence augmentées.
EP01890265.0A 2000-09-14 2001-09-13 Durcissement par précipitation d'un alliage d'aluminium Expired - Lifetime EP1195449B3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT0156300A AT408763B (de) 2000-09-14 2000-09-14 Ausscheidungshärten einer aluminiumlegierung
AT15632000 2000-09-14

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1195449A2 EP1195449A2 (fr) 2002-04-10
EP1195449A3 EP1195449A3 (fr) 2003-12-17
EP1195449B1 EP1195449B1 (fr) 2006-12-13
EP1195449B3 true EP1195449B3 (fr) 2021-03-17

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EP (1) EP1195449B3 (fr)
AT (2) AT408763B (fr)
DE (2) DE20101474U1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8728258B2 (en) 2008-06-10 2014-05-20 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Sequential aging of aluminum silicon casting alloys
DE102012008245B4 (de) * 2012-04-25 2020-07-02 Audi Ag Verfahren zum Aushärten eines Bauteils
DE102013103469A1 (de) * 2013-04-08 2014-10-09 Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Kraftfahrzeug-Fahrwerksbauteils
RU2720277C2 (ru) 2015-12-18 2020-04-28 Новелис Инк. Высокопрочные алюминиевые сплавы 6xxx и способы их получения
EP3390678B1 (fr) 2015-12-18 2020-11-25 Novelis, Inc. Alliages d'aluminium 6xxx haute résistance et leurs procédés d'élaboration
KR102517599B1 (ko) 2018-05-15 2023-04-05 노벨리스 인크. 고강도 6xxx 및 7xxx 알루미늄 합금 및 이의 제조 방법

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3135633A (en) * 1959-09-08 1964-06-02 Duralumin Heat treatment process improving the mechanical properties of aluminiummagnesium-silicon alloys
DE69107392T2 (de) * 1990-10-09 1995-06-08 Sumitomo Light Metal Ind Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Werkstoffes aus eines Aluminiumlegierung mit ausgezeichneter Pressverformbarkeit und Einbrennhärtbarkeit.
JP4168411B2 (ja) * 1994-09-06 2008-10-22 ノベリス・インコーポレイテッド アルミニウム合金シートの熱処理方法
US5718780A (en) * 1995-12-18 1998-02-17 Reynolds Metals Company Process and apparatus to enhance the paintbake response and aging stability of aluminum sheet materials and product therefrom
NL1002861C2 (nl) * 1996-04-15 1997-10-17 Hoogovens Aluminium Nv Werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van een goed vervormbare aluminiumplaat.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE50111626D1 (de) 2007-01-25
AT408763B (de) 2002-03-25
EP1195449A2 (fr) 2002-04-10
ATA15632000A (de) 2001-07-15
EP1195449B1 (fr) 2006-12-13
EP1195449A3 (fr) 2003-12-17
DE20101474U1 (de) 2001-06-28
ATE348202T1 (de) 2007-01-15

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