EP3176275B1 - Alliage de coulée sous pression de silicium/aluminium. procédé de fabrication d'un composant coulé sous pression en alliage et composants de carrosserie comprenant un tel composant coulé sous pression - Google Patents

Alliage de coulée sous pression de silicium/aluminium. procédé de fabrication d'un composant coulé sous pression en alliage et composants de carrosserie comprenant un tel composant coulé sous pression Download PDF

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EP3176275B1
EP3176275B1 EP16002462.6A EP16002462A EP3176275B1 EP 3176275 B1 EP3176275 B1 EP 3176275B1 EP 16002462 A EP16002462 A EP 16002462A EP 3176275 B1 EP3176275 B1 EP 3176275B1
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minutes
component
die casting
maximum
alloy
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German (de)
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EP3176275B2 (fr
EP3176275A1 (fr
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Marc Hummel
Andreas Schubert
Jan Gaugler
Steffen Otterbach
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Audi AG
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Audi AG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
    • B22D21/002—Castings of light metals
    • B22D21/007—Castings of light metals with low melting point, e.g. Al 659 degrees C, Mg 650 degrees C
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/26—Methods of annealing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a bondable aluminum-silicon die cast alloy, a method for producing a die-cast component from the alloy and a body component with a die-cast component.
  • the EP 2 735 621 A1 an aluminum alloy for components with increased strength with a yield strength Rp 0.2 > 120 MPa and simultaneous elongation at break A> 7% in the as-cast condition, a yield strength Rp 0.2 > 200 MPa and at the same time a high elongation at break A> 6% after a T5 Heat treatment or a yield strength Rp 0.2 > 200 MPa and simultaneously high elongation at break A> 9% after a T6 heat treatment, especially for structural and chassis parts of a motor vehicle, containing 9 to 11.5 wt.% Silicon, 0.45 to 0 , 8% by weight of manganese, 0.2 to 1.0% by weight of magnesium, 0.1 to 1.0% by weight of copper, max.
  • an aluminum-silicon casting alloy containing 5 to 12 mass% silicon, 0.5 to 3.0 mass% zinc, 0.1 to 0.7 mass% magnesium, 0.2 to 0.8 mass% manganese, 0.05 to 0.3 Ma% zirconium, a maximum of 0.05 Ma% and a maximum of 0.4 Ma% impurities and balance aluminum.
  • This publication also describes a method of manufacturing a die cast component wherein a casting member is cast from one of the proposed casting alloys and after casting the casting member is subjected to a heat treatment to the condition T5, T6 or T7.
  • the aluminum-silicon casting alloy has a very good flowability for components with wall thicknesses below 2 mm and the components produced therefrom are characterized by a high strength and at the same time a good deformability.
  • a manganese content (Mn) of 0.3 to 0.8% by weight improves mold cavity mold release at low iron contents ⁇ 0.3% by weight.
  • Magnesium content (Mg) of min. 0.25 wt.% Leads to the formation of hardening Mg 2 Si phases, the upper limit of 0.5 wt.% Prevents excessive embrittlement of the material.
  • Zinc (Zn) is used for further strength enhancement by solid solution hardening of the alloy.
  • the zinc content in the aluminum-silicon die-casting alloy according to the present invention is limited to a maximum of 0.35 wt.%, Since a higher content greatly reduces the adhesive adhesion when installing such a component, and increases the tendency to corrosion.
  • a finer grain can be formed by the addition of zirconium (Zr).
  • the optimum content is between 0.05% by weight and 0.30% by weight of zirconium.
  • strontium content (Sr) in the range of 0.006 wt.% To 0.025 wt.%, Refining of the alloy according to the present invention can be achieved.
  • the objects of the present invention are particularly well resolved, provided that the magnesium content in the alloy more than 0.35 wt.% To 0.50 wt. %, preferably in the range of 0.38 wt.% To 0.45 wt.% Is.
  • the zinc content in the aluminum-silicon die casting alloy according to the present invention is limited to 0.35 wt% at most, because a higher content greatly reduces the adhesive adhesion when installing such a component and increases the tendency to corrosion. On the other hand, a higher zinc content would advantageously increase the strength further.
  • the aluminum-silicon diecasting alloy according to the present invention advantageously, depending on the strength level (eg., For very high-strength properties) tin (Sn) and / or cobalt (Co) to those specified maximum levels.
  • Tin leads to an increase in the number of vacancies after quenching, resulting in an accelerated precipitation kinetics.
  • the tin and cobalt content should, however, be limited to max. 0.30 wt .-%, otherwise embrittling intermetallic phases occur in cobalt and low-melting microstructural constituents in the case of tin.
  • V vanadium
  • Mo molybdenum
  • Ti titanium
  • the aluminum-silicon die-casting alloy according to the present invention individually has a maximum of 0.3% by weight, in total not more than 0.5% by weight of impurities, that is to say the aluminum-silicon diecasting alloy is produced from very pure starting materials ,
  • the requirement for high purity can be met, for example, by the use of pure aluminum from electrolysis or from unmixed aluminum recyclates, e.g. from the construction or packaging industry.
  • the maximum values of the impurity elements, especially copper (maximum 0.05% by weight), must be adhered to in order to fulfill the desired properties.
  • annealing and / or aging involves three or more stages, it is advantageous if the total duration of annealing and / or the total duration of thermal aging corresponds substantially to the abovementioned values, i. the time periods given above for the respective stages are proportionally reduced.
  • a three-stage annealing for example, as a first stage annealing at a temperature in the range of 320 ° C to 380 ° C may be provided (to reduce residual stresses), then a second annealing stage at about 440 ° C and a third annealing stage at about 490 ° C.
  • a thermal aging at a temperature in the range of 240 ° C to 300 ° C for a short period of time in the range of about 5 minutes to about 45 minutes be provided (to increase the ductility).
  • the present invention also encompasses a body component, in particular for a motor vehicle, which is characterized in that it at least partially consists of a die-cast component which has been produced using the method according to the invention or one of its advantageous developments or refinements.
  • the die cast component of the body component may advantageously have a wall thickness in the range of 0.6 mm to 10 mm. Furthermore, in the case of the body component, the die cast component can be glued to at least one sheet metal component, sheet steel component, aluminum component or cast component.
  • the body component may be formed, for example, in the form of a strut mount, a longitudinal member, a connecting part, a seat receptacle, a hinge receptacle or a baffle plate.
  • novel aluminum-silicon die-casting alloy in combination with the inventively provided heat treatment unexpected advantages can be achieved.
  • a two-stage or multi-stage solution annealing allows the annealing of a component at temperatures of 460 ° C. to 520 ° C. (for example above 480 ° C., preferably above 490 ° C., particularly preferably above 500 ° C.) for a short time of 5 minutes to 35 minutes (eg in the range of 5 minutes to 25 minutes) in the last stage.
  • the strength level can be adjusted according to the invention on the Abschreckgradienten after the solution annealing.
  • the relationship is that the higher the quench gradient is chosen, the higher the strength to be achieved.
  • a two- or multi-stage outsourcing allows the reduction of the aging time by means of separation of the removal mechanisms (nucleation, germ growth, etc.). Surprisingly, it has been shown that especially the second stage has a positive effect on the strength / ductility ratio at the indicated contents of zinc and zirconium.
  • the second aging stage is designed so that the temperature is higher than in the first Auslagerungsease and is in the range of 195 to 300 ° C.
  • Comparative examples 1 to 5 do not use an aluminum-silicon die casting alloy according to the present invention
  • comparative example 6 an aluminum-silicon die casting alloy according to the present invention is treated with only one-step solution heat treatment and single-stage thermal aging
  • examples 1 to 3 are examples in which aluminum-silicon die cast alloys according to the present invention were subjected to a heat treatment according to the present invention.
  • WBH No. 1 Solution annealing, single-stage: 460 ° C / 1.5 h
  • Deterrence Air quenching 0,5-2 K / s Hot storage, single-stage: 220 ° C / 3 h
  • WBH No. 2 (according to the invention): Solution annealing, two-stage: 400 ° C / 1 h + 510 ° C / 30 min
  • Deterrence Air quenching> 3 K / s Hot storage, two-stage: 120 ° C / 2 h + 230 ° C / 1 h
  • the specified time periods during the solution annealing and hot aging correspond to the furnace times.
  • the components can be transported, for example, either with the aid of a multi-chamber furnace into the chamber at the respectively indicated temperatures or heated by means of ramp heating from a first temperature to a second temperature.
  • the quenching is done without specifying a lower limit temperature and it was regularly cooled to about room temperature or slightly above, but at least to less than 200 ° C.
  • Alloy No. 1 AlSi10.5Mn0.60Mg0,30Sr0,012Ti0,06 (standard reference alloy)
  • Alloy No. 2 AlSi10.5Mn0.60Mg0.40Sr0.012Ti0.06Zn0.90Zr0.10 (Alloy acc DE 10 2013 002 632 A1 )
  • Alloy No. 3 AlSi10.5Mn0.60Mg0.32Sr0.012Ti0.06Zn0.10Cu0.25 (alloy according to EP 2 735 621 A1 ) Alloy No.
  • Table 1 shows the alloys used and the heat treatment carried out in each case.
  • Table 1 example Alloy (# #) Heat treatment (WBH Nr. #) Comparative Example 1 1 1 Comparative Example 2 2 1 Comparative Example 3 3 1 Comparative Example 4 1 2 Comparative Example 5 2 2 Comparative Example 6 4 1 example 1 4 2 Example 2 5 2 Example 3 4 3
  • Table 2 shows the resulting property profiles.
  • Table 2 example Rm (MPa) Rp 0.2 (MPa) A5 (%) FDI corrosion resistance flowability adhesive bond Comparative Example 1 205 133 16.3 25 + 0 + Comparative Example 2 233 169 13.1 24 0 + - Comparative Example 3 246 183 11.7 23 - - - Comparative Example 4 230 158 13.5 24 + 0 + Comparative Example 5 252 206 12.6 27 0 + - Comparative Example 6 235 163 14.7 27 + ++ + example 1 253 192 14.8 31 + ++ ++ Example 2 263 210 14.3 32 + ++ ++ Example 3 340 265 12.3 35 + ++ ++ ++: surprisingly very good; +: good 0: average -: bad; --:insufficient
  • the strength values were weighted after prioritization in the body shop (Rm: simple, Rp 0.2 : three times). The averaged strength value is multiplied by the corresponding strain (Rm: single, Rp 0.2 : triply) by the elongation at break A5 and divided by the divisor 100 for reasons of clarity.
  • Fig. 1 the dependence of the adhesive adhesion (tensile shear strength) in the immersion test after 2 and 4 weeks of the zinc content is shown.
  • Fig. 2 the dependence of adhesive adhesion (tensile shear strength) in the immersion test is plotted after 2 and 4 weeks depending on the copper content.
  • the alloys investigated according to these figures respectively correspond to Example 1.
  • Alloys No. 4 and No. 5 have particularly good mechanical properties at quench gradients> 3 K / s, in particular> 4 K / s.
  • the respective alloy was heated to about 700 ° C. and then poured into a test mold (maximum length 300 mm). Depending on the property of the alloy, different filling lengths result. This filling length was measured to determine the flowability and compared between the alloy variants. Usual flow lengths are 200-250 mm. Alloys with a flowability> 250 mm were rated as "good”; Alloys with a flowability of ⁇ 200 mm were rated as "poor”. The application was made relatively normalized to alloy no. 1 (reference alloy).
  • a cast sample was subjected in artificial atmospheres to a salt spray test according to DIN EN ISO 9227 for a duration of 3024 hours (18 weeks).
  • the evaluation of the corrosion behavior, ie the attack, on the sample was carried out according to DIN EN ISO 9227 and was evaluated accordingly.
  • the samples with the lowest or highest corrosion attack were normalized under the term corrosion to -100% (largest attack) and 0% (lowest attack).
  • test strips Two cast iron plates were glued with a defined overlap and placed in the immersion test after the adhesive had cured.
  • the test strips are stored for 2 or 4 weeks in a 5 percent NaCl solution at a defined temperature between 50-80 ° C.
  • the tensile specimens are destroyed by means of a tensile tester, i. the adhesive bead pulled apart until failure and the occurring tensile force (tensile shear strength) determined.
  • Typical tensile shear strength values after 4 weeks Immersionstest are about 25 MPa. Very good results are between 27-30 MPa, poor values have tensile shear strengths ⁇ 23 MPa. The results were then normalized to alloy no. 1 (reference alloy).
  • a particular advantage of the present invention is that aluminum-silicon die-cast alloys are provided by which castings can be obtained that stick through the vehicle body can be connected to each other. Compared to previously known alloys, the alloy according to the invention has a significantly increased adhesive adhesion at a high level of strength.
  • body components die-cast components in the wall thickness range in the range of ⁇ 1.0 mm and 10 mm wall thickness can be produced, particularly advantageous also very thin-walled components.
  • wall thicknesses of ⁇ 1.0 mm to a minimum of 0.6 mm are possible by the present invention.
  • strut mountings As some non-exhaustive examples of body components that can be produced by the present invention, mention may be made of strut mountings, side members, connecting parts, seat mounts, hinge mounts and / or baffle plates.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
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Claims (9)

  1. Alliage aluminium-silicium à coulée sous pression en vue de la fabrication d'une pièce coulée sous pression, en particulier un élément de carrosserie à paroi fine pour un véhicule automobile, contenant
    - 6,5 % pds à 12,0 % pds de silicium,
    - 0,30 % pds à 0,80 % pds de manganèse,
    - 0,25 % pds à 0,50 % pds de magnésium,
    - 0,08 % pds à 0,35 % pds de zinc,
    - 0,05 % pds à 0,30 % pds de zirconium,
    - 0,006 % pds à 0,025 % pds de strontium,
    - individuellement au maximum 0,3 % pds, globalement au maximum 0,5 % pds, d'impuretés,
    - comme constituants optionnels d'alliage
    - au maximum 0,2 % pds de vanadium,
    - au maximum 0,2 % pds de molybdène,
    - au maximum 0,3 % pds d'étain,
    - au maximum 0,3 % pds de cobalt, et/ou
    - au maximum 0,2 % pds de titane et
    - pour le reste, de l'aluminium.
  2. Alliage aluminium-silicium à coulée sous pression selon la revendication 1, contenant
    - plus de 0,35 % pds à 0,50 % pds de magnésium, de préférence
    - 0,38 % pds à 0,45 % pds de magnésium.
  3. Alliage aluminium-silicium à coulée sous pression selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, contenant comme impuretés
    - au maximum 0,05 % pds de cuivre,
    - au maximum 0,002 % pds de phosphore,
    - au maximum 0,002 % pds de calcium,
    - au maximum 0,002 % pds de sodium, et/ou
    - au maximum 0,30 % pds de fer.
  4. Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce coulée sous pression, en particulier pour un élément de carrosserie à paroi fine, comprenant les étapes :
    - coulée d'une pièce coulée sous pression en un alliage aluminium-silicium à coulée sous pression selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, et
    - traitement thermique de la pièce coulée sous pression, comprenant, dans l'ordre indiqué,
    - un recuit en plusieurs étapes comprenant au moins
    - un premier recuit à une température comprise entre 320 °C et 450 °C pendant 20 à 75 minutes, et
    - un second recuit à une température comprise entre 460 °C et 520 °C pendant 5 à 35 minutes,
    - une trempe avec un gradient de température compris entre 3 K/s et 200 K/s, et
    - un durcissement secondaire à chaud en plusieurs étapes comprenant au moins
    - un premier durcissement secondaire à chaud à une température comprise entre 100 °C et 180 °C pendant 40 à 150 minutes, et
    - un second durcissement secondaire à chaud à une température comprise entre 195 °C et 300 °C pendant 30 à 100 minutes.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 4, dans lequel on effectue
    - le premier recuit à une température comprise entre 380 °C et 440 °C pendant 20 à 45 minutes,
    - le second recuit à une température comprise entre 490 °C et 510 °C pendant 5 à 20 minutes,
    - la trempe au moyen d'air avec un gradient de température compris entre 3 K/s et 12 K/s ou au moyen d'eau avec un gradient de température compris entre 80 K/s et 200 K/s,
    - le premier durcissement secondaire à chaud à une température comprise entre 120 °C et 170 °C pendant 40 à 90 minutes, et
    - le second durcissement secondaire à chaud à une température comprise entre 200 °C et 240 °C pendant 40 à 80 minutes.
  6. Élément de carrosserie pour un véhicule automobile, caractérisé en ce qu'il est constitué au moins partiellement à partir d'une pièce coulée sous pression qui est fabriquée selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 ou 5.
  7. Élément de carrosserie selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que la pièce coulée sous pression a une épaisseur comprise entre 0,6 mm et 10 mm.
  8. Élément de carrosserie selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce que la pièce coulée sous pression est collée à au moins une pièce de tôle, une pièce de tôle d'acier, une pièce d'aluminium ou une pièce coulée.
  9. Élément de carrosserie selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 8 sous la forme d'un logement de jambe de force à ressort, d'un longeron, d'une pièce de liaison, d'un logement de siège, d'un logement de charnière ou d'une plaque de déviation.
EP16002462.6A 2015-12-03 2016-11-18 Alliage de coulée sous pression de silicium/aluminium. procédé de fabrication d'un composant coulé sous pression en alliage et composants de carrosserie comprenant un tel composant coulé sous pression Active EP3176275B2 (fr)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015015610.1A DE102015015610A1 (de) 2015-12-03 2015-12-03 Aluminium-Silizium-Druckgusslegierung, Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Druckgussbauteils aus der Legierung und Karosseriekomponente mit einem Druckgussbauteil

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EP3176275A1 EP3176275A1 (fr) 2017-06-07
EP3176275B1 true EP3176275B1 (fr) 2018-10-10
EP3176275B2 EP3176275B2 (fr) 2023-12-13

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US11313015B2 (en) * 2018-03-28 2022-04-26 GM Global Technology Operations LLC High strength and high wear-resistant cast aluminum alloy
US11352685B2 (en) 2019-09-17 2022-06-07 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Multi-step aging process for improved bond durability
EP3825428B1 (fr) 2019-11-25 2022-11-16 AMAG casting GmbH Composant moulé sous pression et procédé de fabrication d'un composant moulé sous pression
DE102020100688A1 (de) 2020-01-14 2021-07-15 Audi Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Kraftwagenfelge aus einer Aluminiumlegierung für ein Rad eines Kraftfahrzeugs sowie entsprechende Kraftwagenfelge
DE102020100689A1 (de) 2020-01-14 2021-07-15 Audi Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Kraftwagenfelge aus Aluminium oder einer Aluminiumlegierung für ein Rad eines Kraftfahrzeugs sowie Kraftwagenfelge
DE102021131973A1 (de) 2021-12-03 2023-06-07 Audi Aktiengesellschaft Aluminium-Druckgusslegierung
CN114231865B (zh) * 2021-12-22 2023-02-28 合肥工业大学 一种Al-Si合金双级球化退火方法
CN115961186A (zh) * 2022-11-11 2023-04-14 蔚来动力科技(合肥)有限公司 压铸铝合金材料及其制备方法和应用
CN117821813B (zh) * 2024-03-04 2024-04-26 鸿劲新材料研究(南通)有限公司 一种汽车副车架铝合金材料及制备方法

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DE102008046803A1 (de) 2008-09-11 2010-03-25 Audi Ag Aluminiumgusslegierung und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Gussbauteils
EP2653579A1 (fr) 2012-04-17 2013-10-23 Georg Fischer Druckguss GmbH & Co. KG Alliage d'aluminium
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DE102008046803A1 (de) 2008-09-11 2010-03-25 Audi Ag Aluminiumgusslegierung und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Gussbauteils
EP2653579A1 (fr) 2012-04-17 2013-10-23 Georg Fischer Druckguss GmbH & Co. KG Alliage d'aluminium
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