EP1192287A1 - Method for producing non-grain oriented electric sheet steel - Google Patents

Method for producing non-grain oriented electric sheet steel

Info

Publication number
EP1192287A1
EP1192287A1 EP00918861A EP00918861A EP1192287A1 EP 1192287 A1 EP1192287 A1 EP 1192287A1 EP 00918861 A EP00918861 A EP 00918861A EP 00918861 A EP00918861 A EP 00918861A EP 1192287 A1 EP1192287 A1 EP 1192287A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rolling
hot
strip
ferrite
annealing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP00918861A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1192287B1 (en
Inventor
Rudolf Kawalla
Hans Pircher
Karl Ernst Friedrich
Brigitte Hammer
Jürgen Schneider
Olaf Fischer
Carl-Dieter Wuppermann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG
Original Assignee
ThyssenKrupp Stahl AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ThyssenKrupp Stahl AG filed Critical ThyssenKrupp Stahl AG
Priority to SI200030038T priority Critical patent/SI1192287T1/en
Publication of EP1192287A1 publication Critical patent/EP1192287A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1192287B1 publication Critical patent/EP1192287B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
    • C21D8/1244—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest
    • C21D8/1261—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest following hot rolling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
    • C21D8/1216—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the working step(s) being of interest
    • C21D8/1222—Hot rolling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
    • C21D8/1216—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the working step(s) being of interest
    • C21D8/1233—Cold rolling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
    • C21D8/1244—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest
    • C21D8/1266—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest between cold rolling steps
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
    • C21D8/1244—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest
    • C21D8/1272—Final recrystallisation annealing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing non-grain-oriented electrical sheet, in which a hot strip is produced from a material produced from a steel, such as cast slabs, strips, pre-strips or thin slabs, the electrical sheet having a low loss of toxicity and a high polarization and has good mechanical properties.
  • a hot strip is produced from a material produced from a steel, such as cast slabs, strips, pre-strips or thin slabs
  • the electrical sheet having a low loss of toxicity and a high polarization and has good mechanical properties.
  • Such non-grain-oriented electrical sheets are mainly used as core material in electrical machines, such as motors and generators, with a rotating magnetic flow direction.
  • non-annealed electrical sheet here means electrical sheets falling under DIN EN 10106 (“final annealed electrical sheet”) and DIN EN 10165 (“non-final annealed electrical sheet”).
  • final annealed electrical sheet means electrical sheets falling under DIN EN 10106 (“final annealed electrical sheet”) and DIN EN 10165 (“non-final annealed electrical sheet”).
  • stronger anisotropic grades are included as long as they are not considered grain-oriented electrical sheets.
  • One way of producing a highly permeable electrical sheet based on medium or weakly silicated alloys is to subject the hot strip to a hot strip annealing during the course of production.
  • a hot strip annealing during the course of production.
  • an annealing of the coil is provided directly from the rolling heat. In this way an end product with good magnetic properties is obtained.
  • increased costs have to be accepted.
  • an increased reel temperature in combination with an additional hot strip annealing is desirable in order to obtain useful magnetic properties even with low alloy contents. This too can only be accomplished by accepting additional costs.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an inexpensive way of producing electrical sheets with improved properties.
  • This object is achieved by a method for producing non-grain-oriented electrical sheet metal, in which a starting material, such as cast slabs, strips or thin slabs, is made from a steel with (in% by weight)
  • a hot strip is produced by the prematerial directly from the casting heat or after a previous reheating to a reheating temperature of at least 1000 ° C and at most 1180 ° C several forming passes are hot-rolled and then coiled, with at least the first forming pass in the austenite area and at least one further forming pass in the two-phase mixing area austenite / ferrite being carried out during the hot rolling, and one during the rolling in the two-phase mixing area
  • the magnetic properties of an electrical sheet are deliberately influenced by a deformation during the individual forming passes that are carried out in the course of hot rolling, depending on the particular structural condition. Rolling in the two-phase mixing area plays a decisive role, whereas the amount of deformation in the ferrite area should be as low as possible.
  • the method according to the invention is therefore particularly suitable for the processing of such Fe-Si alloys which have a pronounced two-phase mixing region between the austenite and ferrite regions.
  • the coordination of the alloy additives to ferrite- and austenite-forming elements is based on a, taking into account the content ranges of the individual elements provided according to the invention
  • cast slabs are used as pre-material, they are reheated to a temperature> 1000 ° C., so that the material is completely in the austenitic state. For the same reason cast thin slabs or cast strips using the casting heat directly and, if necessary, heated to the initial rolling temperature of more than 1000 ° C.
  • the required reheating temperature grows with increasing Si content, an upper limit of 1180 ° C. not being exceeded.
  • the hot rolling according to the invention is generally carried out in a finishing rolling mill formed from a plurality of rolling stands.
  • the purpose of rolling in one or more passes in the austenite area is, on the one hand, to be able to carry out the transition from the austenite ms two-phase mixing area and from the two-phase mixing area ms ferrite area in a controlled manner within the finishing mill.
  • the forming passages passed through in the austenite area serve to adjust the thickness of the hot strip before the beginning of rolling in the two-phase mixing area in such a way that the desired overall shape change is reliably achieved during the rolling ("mixing rolls") taking place in the two-phase mixing area.
  • the mixing rolling also comprises at least one forming pass. However, preferably a plurality of forming passages are run through in the austenite / ferrite mixing area in order to reliably achieve the overall shape change of at least 35% required for this mixing roll and thus to obtain the desired setting of the hot strip structure.
  • the "overall shape change ⁇ h" is understood here to mean the ratio of the decrease in thickness during rolling in the respective phase area to the thickness of the strip when it enters the relevant phase area.
  • a Hot strip produced according to the invention for example after rolling in the austenite region, has a thickness h 0 .
  • the thickness of the hot strip is reduced to h x .
  • the total change in shape ⁇ h during rolling in the two-phase austenite / ferrite mixing area should reach at least 35% in order to set a condition of the hot-rolled strip which favors the desired magnetic and technological properties with regard to grain size, texture and precipitations or to prepare for the subsequent processing steps.
  • Optimal processing results can be achieved if the total deformation in the two-phase mixing area austenite / ferrite is limited to a maximum of 60%.
  • the hot rolling which mainly takes the form of mixed rolling, largely bypassing rolling in the ferrite region, allows a hot strip to be produced which can further be used for the production of an electrical sheet and for the production of components with excellent magnetic properties. Additional processing steps which cause costs or the maintenance of certain high temperatures during hot rolling are not necessary for this purpose. Instead, the method according to the invention enables a temperature control as well as rolling strategy optimized with regard to the staggering of the formations in conjunction with a suitably selected reel temperature, the cost-effective production of high-quality electrical sheet material.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that after the forming in the austenite area, the hot strip is only finished rolled in the two-phase mixing area austenite / ferrite.
  • the overall shape change ⁇ h achieved during rolling in the austenite / ferrite two-phase mixing area should be at least 50%.
  • rolling in the ferrite state of the hot strip is completely avoided. Strips which are based on Fe-Si steels and have a pronounced two-phase mixing area austenite / ferrite during the transition from austenite to ferrite are particularly suitable for this sequence of rolling steps excluding rolling in the ferrite region.
  • At least one forming pass is carried out in the ferrite area following the rolling in the austenite / ferrite two-phase mixing area.
  • the total shape change ⁇ h achieved during rolling in the ferrite area should be at least 10% and at most 33%.
  • the rolling in the ferrite area is limited to a minimum, so that the focus of the forming, despite the final rolling in the ferrite area, remains unchanged in the austenite / ferrite mixing area.
  • a reel temperature of at least 700 ° C. is generally suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention. If this coiling temperature is maintained, hot strip annealing can be saved entirely or at least in part.
  • the Hot strip is already softened in the coil, whereby the characteristics determining its properties, such as grain size, texture and excretions, are positively influenced.
  • Such "m-line" annealing of the hot strip coiled at high temperature and not significantly cooled in the coil can completely replace a hot strip hood annealing which may otherwise be necessary. This way, annealed hot strips with particularly good magnetic and technological properties can be produced. The time and energy required for this is considerably less than with the hot strip annealing conventionally carried out to improve the properties of electrical sheet.
  • the hot strip is rolled after rolling in the finishing season at a coiling temperature of less than 600 ° C., in particular less than 550 ° C, coiled. Coiling at these temperatures leads to a solidified hot strip state in the alloys concerned.
  • At least one of the last forming passes in the ferrite area is hot-rolled with lubrication.
  • Hot rolling with lubrication results in less shear deformation on the one hand, so that the rolled strip as a result obtains a more homogeneous structure across the cross section.
  • the Lubrication reduces the rolling forces so that a greater decrease in thickness is possible over the respective roll pass. Therefore, depending on the desired properties of the electrical sheet to be produced, it can be advantageous if all the forming stitches taking place in the ferrite area are carried out with roll lubrication.
  • a further improvement in the properties of the electrical steel strip produced can be achieved in that the hot strip is additionally annealed after coiling and cooling at an annealing temperature of at least 740 ° C.
  • This annealing can be carried out in the hood furnace or in the continuous furnace.
  • hot strips can be produced whose thickness is ⁇ 1.5 mm.
  • the production of particularly high-quality strips can be accomplished in this context by the fact that the cast primary material has been produced in a casting and rolling mill and is fed from it directly into the rolling mill.
  • Hot strips produced in accordance with the invention have such good properties that they can be used directly as electrical sheets for a large number of applications without the need for repeated cold rolling, in which a cold deformation that goes beyond smoothing or skin-passaging is carried out. Therefore, a preferred embodiment of the invention is that the hot strip is assembled and delivered as electrical sheet. It should be noted that particularly good magnetic properties are achieved in such cases in which directly used primary material is processed into hot strip in the manner according to the invention when hot rolling in the austenite / ferrite mixing area is ended. It has been shown that hot rolled hot strips, in particular avoiding the ferrite area, are suitable for being delivered to the end user without further deformation in the course of cold rolling.
  • a hot strip, if necessary pickled, produced in accordance with the invention can be used for certain applications without any final cold forming.
  • this can be achieved in that the pickled hot strip is smooth-rolled with a degree of deformation of ⁇ 3%.
  • unevenness of the strip surface is smoothed out without having any appreciable influence on the microstructure created in the course of hot rolling.
  • the magnetic properties of the hot-rolled strip produced according to the invention can also be improved in that the pickled hot strip is skin-pass rolled with a degree of deformation of more than 3 to at most 15%.
  • This re-rolling also does not lead to a typical reduction in thickness which was comparable to that achieved with typical cold rolling because of the high degrees of deformation achieved in the process Change in tape thickness. Rather, additional deformation energy is introduced into the strip, which has a positive influence on the later processability of the skin-rolled strip.
  • the electrical sheet which is delivered as a hot strip according to the invention, can be finally annealed in the usual way before its assembly and delivery at an annealing temperature> 740 ° C. If, on the other hand, the final annealing is carried out by the processor, a non-final annealed electrical hot strip can be made available by recrystallizing the hot strip to a non-final annealed electrical steel prior to its assembly and delivery at annealing temperatures> 650 ° C.
  • the hot strip produced in accordance with the invention is also particularly suitable for being cold-rolled to a final thickness in a conventional manner in one or more stages. If the cold rolling is carried out in several stages, intermediate annealing should take place after at least one of the cold rolling stages in order to maintain the good mechanical properties of the strip.
  • the cold rolling is followed by a final glow at an annealing temperature which is preferably> 740 ° C.
  • a "semi-finished" electrical strip is to be produced, then the cold rolling, which may be carried out in several stages, is followed by a re-installing annealing in the hood or Continuous furnace at temperatures of at least 650 ° C. The cold-rolled and annealed electrical steel is then straightened and re-rolled.
  • Cold-rolled electrical steel produced in accordance with the invention is excellently cut and punchable and, as such, is particularly suitable for processing into components, such as lamellae or round blanks.
  • components such as lamellae or round blanks.
  • the components made from this electrical sheet are expediently annealed by the user.
  • the final annealing of the cold-rolled electrical sheet is preferably carried out in a decarburizing atmosphere.
  • J2500 denotes the magnetic polarization at magnetic field strengths of 2500 A / m, 5000 A / m and 10000 A / m.
  • Reverse magnetization loss understood with a polarization of 1.0 T or 1.5 T and a frequency of 50 Hz.
  • Table 1 shows the contents of the essential alloy constituents in% by weight for three steels used for the production of electrical sheet according to the invention.
  • the slabs cast from steels A, B and C are re-heated as raw materials to a temperature of more than 1000 ° C and fed into a finishing mill comprising several rolling stands. In the finishing mill, at least the first forming pass was carried out exclusively in the austenite area.
  • Table 2 shows the magnetic properties Jsoo, J5000, J10000, P ⁇ , o and P ⁇ , 5 for two electrical sheets B1, B2 produced from steels A and B, respectively.
  • the respective hot strips intended for the production of the electrical sheets B1, B2 are after the rolling in
  • Austenite area with a total forming degree ⁇ h of 66% in the two-phase mixing area austenite / ferrite was finished rolled.
  • the rolled hot strips were then coiled at a reel temperature of 750 ° C. Immediately afterwards, the coiled hot strips were cooled and sent for further processing.
  • Table 2 Table 3 shows the magnetic properties J2500, J5000, Jioooo, P ⁇ , o and P ⁇ _ 5 for electrical sheets B3, B4, B5.
  • the sheet B3 was produced using the steel A, the sheet B4 using the steel B and the sheet B5 using the steel C.
  • the hot strips intended for the production of the electrical sheets B3, B4, B5 were also formed after the shaping in the austenite area exclusively in the two-phase mixing area austenite / ferrite. The total deformation ⁇ h achieved during rolling in the mixing area was 66%.
  • the hot strips were then coiled at a temperature of 750 ° C.
  • the hot strips intended for the production of the sheets B3, B4, B5 were then kept at the reel temperature for at least 15 minutes before they were passed on for further processing to cold strip.
  • Table 4 shows the magnetic properties J2500, J 5 000 Jioooo, P ⁇ , o and P ⁇ _ 5 are given for electrical sheets B6, B7, B8, has which is generated in the order given, likewise based on the steels A, B and C are.
  • the hot strips intended for the production of the electrical sheets B6, B7, B8 are after the forming in the austenite area in the two-phase mixing area austenite / Ferrite has been formed.
  • the total deformation ⁇ h achieved in the two-phase mixing area was 50%.
  • the hot strip then went through several forming passes in the ferrite area. The achieved thereby
  • Total deformation ⁇ h in the ferrite area was less than 30%.
  • the hot-rolled strip thus finished has been coiled at a temperature of 750 ° C. Immediately afterwards, the hot strip was cooled in the coil.
  • Table 5 shows the magnetic properties J 2 soo, J5000, Jioooo, P ⁇ , o and P ⁇ _ 5 for electrical sheets B9, BIO, B1.
  • the sheet B9 was produced using steel A, the sheet BIO using steel B and the sheet B1 using steel C.
  • the hot strips intended for the production of the electrical sheets B9, BIO, B1 have been subjected to the same transformations in the finishing rolling mill as the strips intended for the production of the sheets B6, B7, B8.
  • the hot-rolled strip thus finished has been coiled at a temperature of 750 ° C.
  • the hot strips intended for the production of the sheets B9, BIO, B1 were then kept at the reel temperature for at least 15 minutes before they were sent to cold strip for further processing.
  • Table 6 shows the magnetic properties J2500, J5000, Jioooo, P ⁇ , o and P1.5 for an electrical sheet B12, which was generated based on the steel C.
  • Table 7 shows the percentages by weight of the alloy constituents that are essential for the properties of two other steels used to produce a hot strip produced in accordance with the invention and then assembled without pronounced cold rolling and delivered as electrical steel.
  • melts formed in accordance with the compositions given in Table 7 were continuously cast to a preliminary strip, which was also continuously fed into a hot rolling mill comprising several rolling stands.
  • a hot rolling mill comprising several rolling stands.
  • the focus of the deformation was in each case placed in the area in which the respective strip is in the austenitic state.
  • the last pass of hot rolling was carried out according to the invention in the austenite / ferrite mixing area.
  • the total deformation ⁇ H achieved was 40%.
  • the hot strips were then coiled at a temperature of 750 ° C.
  • Tables 8a - 8c show the magnetic properties J 25 oo, J5000, Jioooo, P ⁇ , o and P 1 # 5 for the three electrical sheets Cl - C3 and Dl - D3 produced from steel C and D, respectively.

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for producing non grain-oriented magnetic steel sheets in which hot strip is produced from an input stock such as cast slabs, strip, roughed strip, or thin slabs, made of steel comprising (in weight %) C: 0.001-0.05%; Si: <=1.5%; Al: <=0.4% with Si+2Al<=1.7%; Mn: 0.1-1.2%; if necessary up to a total of 1.5% of alloying additions such as P, Sn, Sb, Zr, V, Ti, N, Ni, Co, Nb and/or B; with the remainder being iron as well as the usual accompanying elements; in that the input stock is hot-rolled directly from the casting heat or after preceding reheating to a reheating temperature between min. 1000° C. and max. 1180° C. in several deformation passes, and subsequently coiled, wherein during hot-rolling at least the first deformation pass takes place in the austenitic region and at least one further deformation pass takes place in the two-phase mixing region austenite/ferrite, and wherein during rolling in the two-phase mixing region a total deformation epsilonh of at least 35% is achieved.

Description

Verfahren zum Herstellen von nicht kornorientiertem Elektroblech Process for the production of non-grain-oriented electrical sheet
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Herstellen von nicht kornorientiertem Elektroblech, bei dem aus einem aus einem Stahl erzeugten Vormaterial, wie gegossenen Brammen, Bandern, Vorbandern oder Dunnbrammen, ein Warmband gefertigt w rd, wobei das Elektroblech einen geringen Um angetisierungsverlust und eine hohe Polarisation sowie gute mechanische Eigenschaften besitzt. Derartige nichtkornorientierte Elektrobleche werden hauptsächlich als Kernmateπal in elektrischen Maschinen, wie Motoren und Generatoren, mit rotierender magnetischer Flußrichtung verwendet.The invention relates to a method for producing non-grain-oriented electrical sheet, in which a hot strip is produced from a material produced from a steel, such as cast slabs, strips, pre-strips or thin slabs, the electrical sheet having a low loss of toxicity and a high polarization and has good mechanical properties. Such non-grain-oriented electrical sheets are mainly used as core material in electrical machines, such as motors and generators, with a rotating magnetic flow direction.
Unter dem Begriff "mchtkornoπentiertes Elektroblech" werden hier unter die DIN EN 10106 ("schlußgegluhtes Elektroblech") und DIN EN 10165 ("nicht schlußgegluhtes Elektroblech") fallende Elektrobleche verstanden. Darüber hinaus werden auch starker anisotrope Sorten einbezogen, solange sie nicht als kornorientierte Elektrobleche gelten.The term “non-annealed electrical sheet” here means electrical sheets falling under DIN EN 10106 (“final annealed electrical sheet”) and DIN EN 10165 (“non-final annealed electrical sheet”). In addition, stronger anisotropic grades are included as long as they are not considered grain-oriented electrical sheets.
Von der verarbeitenden Industrie wird die Forderung gestellt, nichtkornorientierte Elektrobleche zur Verfugung zu stellen, deren magnetische Eigenschaften gegenüber herkömmlichen Blechen dieser Art angehoben sind. So sollen die Ummagnetisierungsverluste herabgesetzt und die Polarisation im jeweils genutzten Induktionsbereich erhöht werden. Gleichzeitig ergeben sich aus den jeweiligen Be- und Verarbeitungsschritten, welchen die Elektrobleche im Zusammenhang mit ihren Verwendungen unterworfen werden, spezielle Anforderungen an die mechanisch-technologischen Eigenschaften der Elektrobleche. In diesem Zusammenhang kommt der Schneidbarkeit der Bleche, z.B. beim Stanzen, besondere Bedeutung zu.The processing industry demands that non-grain-oriented electrical sheets be made available, the magnetic properties of which are increased compared to conventional sheets of this type. The magnetization losses should be reduced and the polarization used in each case Induction range can be increased. At the same time, the respective processing steps to which the electrical sheets are subjected in connection with their uses result in special requirements for the mechanical-technological properties of the electrical sheets. In this context, the ability of the sheets to be cut, for example when punching, is of particular importance.
Durch die Erhöhung der magnetischen Polarisation wird der Magnetisierungsbedarf reduziert. Damit einhergehend gehen auch die Kupferverluste zurück, welche einen wesentlichen Anteil an den beim Betrieb elektrischer Maschinen entstehenden Verluste haben. Der wirtschaftliche Wert nichtkornorientierter Elektrobleche mit erhöhter Permeabilität ist daher erheblich.The need for magnetization is reduced by increasing the magnetic polarization. This is accompanied by a decrease in copper losses, which have a significant share in the losses incurred in the operation of electrical machines. The economic value of non-grain-oriented electrical sheets with increased permeability is therefore considerable.
Die Forderung nach hoherpermeablen nichtkornorientierten Elektroblechsorten betrifft nicht nur nichtkornorientierte Elektrobleche mit hohen Verlusten (Pl,5 > 5 - 6 W/kg), sondern auch Bleche mit mittleren (3,5 W/kg < Pl,5 < 5,5 W/kg) und niedrigen Verlusten (Pl,5 < 3.5) . Daher ist man bemuht, das gesamte Spektrum der schwach-, mittel- und hochsilizierten elektrotechnischen Stahle hinsichtlich seiner magnetischen Polaπsationswerte zu verbessern.The demand for highly permeable, non-grain-oriented electrical sheet types not only affects non-grain-oriented electrical sheets with high losses (Pl, 5> 5 - 6 W / kg), but also sheets with medium (3.5 W / kg <Pl, 5 <5.5 W / kg ) and low losses (Pl, 5 <3.5). For this reason, efforts are being made to improve the entire spectrum of weakly, moderately and highly silicated electrotechnical steels with regard to their magnetic polarization values.
Ein Weg, basierend auf mittel- oder schwachsilizierten Legierungen ein hoherpermeables Elektroblech herzustellen, besteht darin, im Zuge der Herstellung das Warmband einer Warmbandgluhung zu unterziehen. So wird beispielsweise in der WO 96/00306 vorgeschlagen, ein für die Erzeugung eines Elektroblechs bestimmtes Warmband im Austenitgebiet fertig zu walzen und das Haspeln bei Temperaturen oberhalb der vollständigen Umwandlung in Ferrit vorzunehmen. Zusatzlich ist ein Glühen des Coils unmittelbar aus der Walzhitze vorgesehen. Auf diese Weise wird ein Endprodukt mit guten magnetischen Eigenschaften erhalten. Allerdings müssen dazu wegen des hohen Energieaufwands für das Warmen vor und wahrend des Warmwalzens sowie wegen der erforderlichen Legierungszusatze erhöhte Kosten in Kauf genommen werden.One way of producing a highly permeable electrical sheet based on medium or weakly silicated alloys is to subject the hot strip to a hot strip annealing during the course of production. For example, in WO 96/00306 it is proposed to finish-roll a hot strip intended for the production of an electrical sheet in the austenite area and to reel it Temperatures above the complete transformation into ferrite. In addition, an annealing of the coil is provided directly from the rolling heat. In this way an end product with good magnetic properties is obtained. However, because of the high energy expenditure for the warming before and during the hot rolling and because of the necessary alloy additives, increased costs have to be accepted.
Gemäß der EP 0 469 980 ist eine erhöhte Haspeltemperatur in Kombination mit einer zusatzlichen Warmbandgluhung anzustreben, um auch bei niedrigen Legierungsgehalten brauchbare magnetische Eigenschaften zu erhalten. Auch dies kann nur unter Inkaufnahme zusatzlicher Kosten bewerkstelligt werden.According to EP 0 469 980, an increased reel temperature in combination with an additional hot strip annealing is desirable in order to obtain useful magnetic properties even with low alloy contents. This too can only be accomplished by accepting additional costs.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht darin, einen kostengünstigen Weg zur Herstellung von Elektroblechen mit verbesserten Eigenschaften anzugeben.The object of the invention is to provide an inexpensive way of producing electrical sheets with improved properties.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren zum Herstellen von nicht kornorientiertem Elektroblech gelost, bei dem aus einem Vormaterial, wie gegossenen Brammen, Bandern oder Dunnbrammen, das aus einem Stahl mit (in Gew.-%)This object is achieved by a method for producing non-grain-oriented electrical sheet metal, in which a starting material, such as cast slabs, strips or thin slabs, is made from a steel with (in% by weight)
0,001 - 0,05 % C, < 1,5 % Si, < 0,4 % AI, mit Si + 2 AI < 1,7 %, 0, 1 - 1,2 % Mn, gegebenenfalls bis insgesamt 1,5 % an Legierungszusatzen, wie P, Sn, Sb, Zr, V, Ti, N, Ni, Co, Nb und/oder B, und als Rest Eisen sowie üblichen Begleitelementen hergestellt ist, ein Warmband erzeugt wird, indem das Vormateπal direkt aus der Gießhitze oder nach einem vorhergehenden Wiedererwarmen auf eine mindestens 1000 °C und höchstens 1180 °C betragende Wiedererwarmungstemperatur in mehreren Umformstichen warmgewalzt und anschließend gehaspelt wird, wobei wahrend des Warmwalzens mindestens der erste Umformstich im Austenitgebiet und mindestens ein weiterer Umformstich im Zweiphasenmischgebiet Austenit / Ferrit durchgeführt wird und wobei wahrend des Walzens im Zweiphasenmischgebiet eine0.001 - 0.05% C, <1.5% Si, <0.4% AI, with Si + 2 AI <1.7%, 0.1 - 1.2% Mn, if necessary up to a total of 1.5% on alloy additives, such as P, Sn, Sb, Zr, V, Ti, N, Ni, Co, Nb and / or B, and as a remainder iron as well as usual accompanying elements, a hot strip is produced by the prematerial directly from the casting heat or after a previous reheating to a reheating temperature of at least 1000 ° C and at most 1180 ° C several forming passes are hot-rolled and then coiled, with at least the first forming pass in the austenite area and at least one further forming pass in the two-phase mixing area austenite / ferrite being carried out during the hot rolling, and one during the rolling in the two-phase mixing area
Gesamtformanderung εh von mindestens 35 % erreicht wird.Total shape change ε h of at least 35% is achieved.
Gemäß der Erfindung werden die magnetischen Eigenschaften eines Elektroblechs durch eine Verformung wahrend der einzelnen im Zuge des Warmwalzens durchlaufenen Umformstiche in Abhängigkeit vom jeweiligen Gefugezustand gezielt beeinflußt. Entscheidenden Anteil hat dabei das Walzen im Zweiphasenmischgebiet, wogegen der Anteil der Umformung im Ferritgebiet möglichst gering sein soll. Das erfmdungsgemaße Verfahren ist daher insbesondere für die Verarbeitung von solchen Fe-Si-Legierungen geeignet, welche ein ausgeprägtes Zweiphasenmischgebiet zwischen dem Austenit- und dem Ferritgebiet aufweisen.According to the invention, the magnetic properties of an electrical sheet are deliberately influenced by a deformation during the individual forming passes that are carried out in the course of hot rolling, depending on the particular structural condition. Rolling in the two-phase mixing area plays a decisive role, whereas the amount of deformation in the ferrite area should be as low as possible. The method according to the invention is therefore particularly suitable for the processing of such Fe-Si alloys which have a pronounced two-phase mixing region between the austenite and ferrite regions.
Die Abstimmung der Legierungszusatze an ferrit- und austenitbildenden Elementen ist unter Berücksichtigung der erfmdungsgemaß vorgesehenen Gehaltsbereiche der einzelnen Elemente ausgehend von einerThe coordination of the alloy additives to ferrite- and austenite-forming elements is based on a, taking into account the content ranges of the individual elements provided according to the invention
Basiszusammensetzung von (Si + 2A1) < 1,7 vorzunehmen; und zwar derart, daß eine ausreichende Ausprägung des Zweiphasenmischgebiets gegeben ist.Basic composition of (Si + 2A1) <1.7; in such a way that the two-phase mixing area is sufficiently well developed.
Im Fall der Verwendung von gegossenen Brammen als Vormateπal werden diese auf eine Temperatur > 1000 °C wiedererwarmt , so daß das Material sich vollständig im austenitischen Zustand befindet. Aus dem gleichen Grunde werden auch gegossene Dunnbrammen oder gegossene Bander unter Ausnutzung der Gießhitze direkt eingesetzt und erforderlichenfalls auf Walzanfangstemperatur von mehr als 1000 °C erwärmt. Dabei wachst die erforderliche Wiedererwarmungstemperatur mit zunehmendem Si-Gehalt, wobei eine Obergrenze von 1180 °C nicht überschritten wird.If cast slabs are used as pre-material, they are reheated to a temperature> 1000 ° C., so that the material is completely in the austenitic state. For the same reason cast thin slabs or cast strips using the casting heat directly and, if necessary, heated to the initial rolling temperature of more than 1000 ° C. The required reheating temperature grows with increasing Si content, an upper limit of 1180 ° C. not being exceeded.
Das Warmwalzen gemäß der Erfindung wird in der Regel m einer aus mehreren Walzgerusten gebildeten Fertigwalzstaffel durchgeführt. Dabei besteht der Zweck des m einem oder mehreren Stichen erfolgenden Walzens im Austenitgebiet zum einen darin, den Übergang vom Austenit ms Zweiphasenmischgebiet und vom Zweiphasenmischgebiet ms Ferritgebiet kontrolliert innerhalb der Fertigwalzstaffel durchfuhren zu können. Zum anderen dienen die im Austenitgebiet durchlaufenen Umformstiche dazu, die Dicke des Warmbands vor dem Beginn des Walzens im Zweiphasenmischgebiet so einzustellen, daß die wahrend des im Zweiphasenmischgebiet erfolgenden Walzens ("Mischwalzen") erwünschte Gesamtformanderung sicher erreicht wird. Das Mischwalzen umfaßt ebenfalls mindestens einen Umformstich. Vorzugsweise werden jedoch mehrere Umformstiche im Mischgebiet Austenit / Ferrit durchlaufen, um die bei diesem Mischwalzen geforderte Gesamtformanderung von mindestens 35 % sicher zu erreichen und so die gewünschte Einstellung des Warmbandgefuges zu erhalten.The hot rolling according to the invention is generally carried out in a finishing rolling mill formed from a plurality of rolling stands. The purpose of rolling in one or more passes in the austenite area is, on the one hand, to be able to carry out the transition from the austenite ms two-phase mixing area and from the two-phase mixing area ms ferrite area in a controlled manner within the finishing mill. On the other hand, the forming passages passed through in the austenite area serve to adjust the thickness of the hot strip before the beginning of rolling in the two-phase mixing area in such a way that the desired overall shape change is reliably achieved during the rolling ("mixing rolls") taking place in the two-phase mixing area. The mixing rolling also comprises at least one forming pass. However, preferably a plurality of forming passages are run through in the austenite / ferrite mixing area in order to reliably achieve the overall shape change of at least 35% required for this mixing roll and thus to obtain the desired setting of the hot strip structure.
Unter der "Gesamtformanderung εh" wird hier das Verhältnis der Dickenabnahme wahrend des Walzens im jeweiligen Phasengebiet zur Dicke des Bandes beim Eintritt in das betreffende Phasengebiet verstanden. Dieser Definition entsprechend weist ein gemäß der Erfindung hergestelltes Warmband beispielsweise nach dem Walzen im Austenitgebiet eine Dicke h0 auf. Im Zuge des darauffolgenden Walzens im Zweiphasenmischgebiet wird die Dicke des Warmbands auf hx reduziert. Definitionsgemaß ergibt sich damit die beispielsweise wahrend des Mischwalzens erreichte Gesamtformanderung εh zu (ho - hi) / h0 mit h0 = Dicke beim Eintritt in das erste im Mischzustand Austenit / Ferrit durchlaufene Walzgerust und hi = Dicke beim Verlassen des letzten im Mischzustand durchlaufenen Walzgerusts.The "overall shape change ε h " is understood here to mean the ratio of the decrease in thickness during rolling in the respective phase area to the thickness of the strip when it enters the relevant phase area. According to this definition, a Hot strip produced according to the invention, for example after rolling in the austenite region, has a thickness h 0 . In the course of the subsequent rolling in the two-phase mixing area, the thickness of the hot strip is reduced to h x . By definition, this results in the overall change in shape ε h to (ho - hi) / h 0 achieved during mixing rolling, with h 0 = thickness when entering the first rolling stand passed through in the austenite / ferrite mixed state and hi = thickness when leaving the last one passed through in the mixed state Walzgerusts.
Gemäß der Erfindung soll die Gesamtformanderung εh wahrend des Walzens im Zweiphasenmischgebiet Austenit / Ferrit mindestens 35 % erreichen, um einen die gewünschten magnetischen und technologischen Eigenschaften begünstigenden Zustand des warmgewalzten Bandes hinsichtlich Korngroße, Textur und Ausscheidungen einzustellen bzw. für die nachfolgenden Verarbeitungsschritte vorzubereiten. Optimale Verarbeitungsergebnisse lassen sich dabei erzielen, wenn die Gesamtverformung im Zweiphasenmischgebiet Austenit / Ferrit auf höchstens 60 % beschrankt ist.According to the invention, the total change in shape ε h during rolling in the two-phase austenite / ferrite mixing area should reach at least 35% in order to set a condition of the hot-rolled strip which favors the desired magnetic and technological properties with regard to grain size, texture and precipitations or to prepare for the subsequent processing steps. Optimal processing results can be achieved if the total deformation in the two-phase mixing area austenite / ferrite is limited to a maximum of 60%.
Durch das schwerpunktmäßig als Mischwalzen unter weitgehender Umgehung eines Walzens im Ferritgebiet erfolgende Warmwalzen laßt sich ein Warmband erzeugen, welches im weiteren zur Herstellung eines Elektroblechs und zur Fertigung von Bauteilen mit hervorragenden magnetischen Eigenschaften genutzt werden kann. Kosten verursachende zusatzliche Verarbeitungsschritte oder das Einhalten bestimmter hoher Temperaturen wahrend des Warmwalzens sind zu diesem Zweck nicht erforderlich. Statt dessen ermöglicht das erfindungsgemaße Verfahren durch eine sowohl hinsichtlich der Temperaturfuhrung als auch hinsichtlich der Staffelung der Umformungen optimierte Walzstrategie in Verbindung mit einer geeignet gewählten Haspeltemperatur die kostengünstige Erzeugung eines hochwertigen Elektroblechmaterials .The hot rolling, which mainly takes the form of mixed rolling, largely bypassing rolling in the ferrite region, allows a hot strip to be produced which can further be used for the production of an electrical sheet and for the production of components with excellent magnetic properties. Additional processing steps which cause costs or the maintenance of certain high temperatures during hot rolling are not necessary for this purpose. Instead, the method according to the invention enables a temperature control as well as rolling strategy optimized with regard to the staggering of the formations in conjunction with a suitably selected reel temperature, the cost-effective production of high-quality electrical sheet material.
Es ist festgestellt worden, daß sich schon durch die Kombination der erfindungsgemäßen Maßnahmen und die Einhaltung des für die Verformung im Mischgebiet Austenit / Ferrit erfindungsgemäß vorgesehenen Bereichs der Formänderung von 35 % bis 60 % Elektrobleche herstellen lassen, deren Eigenschaften den Eigenschaften von solchen in herkömmlicher Weise hergestellten Elektroblechen gleichkommen, die zusätzliche zeit- und kostenaufwendige Verfahrensschritte, wie ein ergänzendes Warmbandglühen, durchlaufen haben. Weiter ist festgestellt worden, daß für den Fall, daß ein Warmbandglühen in Ergänzung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorgehensweise angewendet wird, das Zusammenwirken dieser Maßnahmen zu Elektroblechen führt, die in ihren magnetischen und mechanischen Eigenschaften herkömmlich hergestellten Elektroblechen überlegen sind. Somit bewirkt die Erfindung einerseits eine deutliche Verminderung der Kosten bei der Herstellung von qualitativ hochwertigen Elektroblechen. Andererseits lassen sich auf Grundlage des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens Bleche erzeugen, deren Eigenschaften herkömmlich erzeugten Elektroblechen weit überlegen sind.It has been found that the combination of the measures according to the invention and compliance with the range of shape change from 35% to 60% according to the invention provided for the deformation in the austenite / ferrite mixing region, the properties of which can be produced in a conventional manner produced electrical sheets that have undergone additional time-consuming and costly process steps, such as additional hot-strip annealing. Furthermore, it has been found that in the event that hot strip annealing is used in addition to the procedure according to the invention, the interaction of these measures leads to electrical sheets which are superior in their magnetic and mechanical properties to conventionally produced electrical sheets. Thus, on the one hand, the invention brings about a significant reduction in the costs of producing high-quality electrical sheets. On the other hand, sheets can be produced on the basis of the method according to the invention, the properties of which are conventionally produced by far superior electrical sheets.
Eine vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Warmband nach der Umformung im Austenitgebiet ausschließlich im Zweiphasenmischgebiet Austenit / Ferrit fertig gewalzt wird. Insbesondere bei dieser Variante der Erfindung sollte die während des Walzens im Zweiphasenmischgebiet Austenit / Ferrit erreichte Gesamtformänderung εh mindestens 50 % betragen. Bei dieser Variante des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird das Walzen im Ferritzustand des Warmbandes vollständig vermieden. Besonders geeignet für diese Abfolge der Walzschritte unter Ausschluß des Walzens im Ferritgebiet sind Bänder, welche basierend auf Fe-Si-Stählen hergestellt sind, die ein ausgeprägtes Zweiphasenmischgebiet Austenit / Ferrit beim Übergang vom Austenit ins Ferrit besitzen. Hierbei kann durch eine geeignete Wahl des Verhältnisses von Umformgrad und Umformgeschwindigkeit, d.h. Ausnutzung der bei der Umformung entstehenden Wärme, eine optimale Temperaturführung im Sinne der Vermeidung einer Abkühlung des Walzgutes und damit eine vollständige Umwandlung in Ferrit vermieden werden.An advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that after the forming in the austenite area, the hot strip is only finished rolled in the two-phase mixing area austenite / ferrite. In particular in this variant of the invention the overall shape change ε h achieved during rolling in the austenite / ferrite two-phase mixing area should be at least 50%. In this variant of the method according to the invention, rolling in the ferrite state of the hot strip is completely avoided. Strips which are based on Fe-Si steels and have a pronounced two-phase mixing area austenite / ferrite during the transition from austenite to ferrite are particularly suitable for this sequence of rolling steps excluding rolling in the ferrite region. Here, through a suitable choice of the ratio of the degree of deformation and the speed of deformation, that is to say utilization of the heat generated during the forming, an optimal temperature control in the sense of avoiding cooling of the rolling stock and thus a complete conversion into ferrite can be avoided.
Gemäß einer alternativen Variante des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird im Anschluß an das Walzen im Zweiphasenmischgebiet Austenit / Ferrit mindestens ein Umformstich im Ferritgebiet durchgeführt. Dabei sollte die wahrend des Walzens im Ferritgebiet erreichte Gesamtformänderung εh mindestens 10 % und höchstens 33 % betragen. Auch bei dieser Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist das Walzen im Ferritgebiet auf ein Mindestmaß beschränkt, so daß der Schwerpunkt der Umformung trotz des abschließenden Walzens im Ferritgebiet unverändert im Mischgebiet Austenit / Ferrit liegt.According to an alternative variant of the method according to the invention, at least one forming pass is carried out in the ferrite area following the rolling in the austenite / ferrite two-phase mixing area. The total shape change ε h achieved during rolling in the ferrite area should be at least 10% and at most 33%. In this embodiment of the invention, too, the rolling in the ferrite area is limited to a minimum, so that the focus of the forming, despite the final rolling in the ferrite area, remains unchanged in the austenite / ferrite mixing area.
Grundsätzlich eignet sich für die Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens eine Haspeltemperatur von mindestens 700 °C. Bei Einhaltung dieser Haspeltemperatur kann eine Warmbandglühung ganz oder zumindest zum wesentlichen Teil eingespart werden. Das Warmband wird schon im Coil entfestigt, wobei die seine Eigenschaften bestimmenden Merkmale, wie Korngroße, Textur und Ausscheidungen, positiv beeinflußt werden. Besonders vorteilhaft ist es in diesem Zusammenhang, wenn das gehaspelte Warmband aus der Coilhitze einer direkten Gluhung unterzogen wird und wenn die Gluhzeit bei einer Gluhtemperatur oberhalb 700 °C mindestens 15 Minuten betragt. Eine solche "m-line" ausgeführte Gluhung des bei hoher Temperatur aufgehaspelten, im Coil nicht wesentlich abgekühlten Warmbandes kann eine andernfalls unter Umstanden erforderliche Warmbandhaubengluhung vollständig ersetzen. So lassen sich geglühte Warmbander mit besonders guten magnetischen und technologischen Eigenschaften herstellen. Der dazu erforderliche Zeit- und Energieaufwand ist erheblich geringer als bei der herkommlicherweise zur Verbesserung der Eigenschaften von Elektroblech durchgeführten Warmbandgluhung .A reel temperature of at least 700 ° C. is generally suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention. If this coiling temperature is maintained, hot strip annealing can be saved entirely or at least in part. The Hot strip is already softened in the coil, whereby the characteristics determining its properties, such as grain size, texture and excretions, are positively influenced. In this context, it is particularly advantageous if the coiled hot strip from the coil heat is subjected to direct annealing and if the annealing time at an annealing temperature above 700 ° C. is at least 15 minutes. Such "m-line" annealing of the hot strip coiled at high temperature and not significantly cooled in the coil can completely replace a hot strip hood annealing which may otherwise be necessary. This way, annealed hot strips with particularly good magnetic and technological properties can be produced. The time and energy required for this is considerably less than with the hot strip annealing conventionally carried out to improve the properties of electrical sheet.
Gemäß einer insbesondere für die Verarbeitung eines Stahls mit einem Si-Gehalt von mindestens 0,7 Gewichts-% besonders geeigneten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird das Warmband nach dem Walzen in der Fertigstaffel bei einer Haspeltemperatur von weniger als 600 °C, insbesondere weniger als 550 °C, gehaspelt. Das Haspeln bei diesen Temperaturen fuhrt bei den betreffenden Legierungen zu einem verfestigten Warmbandzustand.According to an embodiment of the invention that is particularly suitable for processing a steel with an Si content of at least 0.7% by weight, the hot strip is rolled after rolling in the finishing season at a coiling temperature of less than 600 ° C., in particular less than 550 ° C, coiled. Coiling at these temperatures leads to a solidified hot strip state in the alloys concerned.
Vorzugsweise wird mindestens bei einem der letzten Umformstiche im Ferritgebiet mit Schmierung warmgewalzt. Durch das Warmwalzen mit Schmierung treten einerseits geringere Scherverformungen auf, so daß das gewalzte Band im Ergebnis eine homogenere Struktur über den Querschnitt erhalt. Andererseits werden durch die Schmierung die Walzkrafte vermindert, so daß über dem jeweiligen Walzstich eine höhere Dickenabnahme möglich ist. Daher kann es, je nach den gewünschten Eigenschaften des zu erzeugenden Elektroblechs, vorteilhaft sein, wenn samtliche im Ferritgebiet erfolgenden Umformstiche mit einer Walzschmierung durchgeführt werden.Preferably, at least one of the last forming passes in the ferrite area is hot-rolled with lubrication. Hot rolling with lubrication results in less shear deformation on the one hand, so that the rolled strip as a result obtains a more homogeneous structure across the cross section. On the other hand, the Lubrication reduces the rolling forces so that a greater decrease in thickness is possible over the respective roll pass. Therefore, depending on the desired properties of the electrical sheet to be produced, it can be advantageous if all the forming stitches taking place in the ferrite area are carried out with roll lubrication.
Unabhängig von der jeweils gewählten Abfolge der Walzschritte kann eine weitere Verbesserung der Eigenschaften des erzeugten Elektrobandes dadurch erreicht werden, daß das Warmband nach dem Haspeln und Abkühlen zusatzlich bei einer Gluhtemperatur von mindestens 740 °C geglüht wird. Dieses Glühen kann im Haubenofen oder im Durchlaufofen durchgeführt werden. Insbesondere dann, wenn als Vormaterial gegossene Dunnbrammen oder gegossene Bander eingesetzt werden, lassen sich Warmbander erzeugen, deren Dicke < 1,5 mm ist. Die Erzeugung von qualitativ besonders hochwertigen Bandern laßt sich in diesem Zusammenhang dadurch bewerkstelligen, daß das gegossene Vormaterial in einer Gießwalzanlage erzeugt worden ist und aus dieser kommend direkt in die Walzstraße geleitet wird.Regardless of the sequence of rolling steps chosen in each case, a further improvement in the properties of the electrical steel strip produced can be achieved in that the hot strip is additionally annealed after coiling and cooling at an annealing temperature of at least 740 ° C. This annealing can be carried out in the hood furnace or in the continuous furnace. In particular, if cast thin slabs or cast strips are used as primary material, hot strips can be produced whose thickness is <1.5 mm. The production of particularly high-quality strips can be accomplished in this context by the fact that the cast primary material has been produced in a casting and rolling mill and is fed from it directly into the rolling mill.
Erfindungsgemaß erzeugte Warmbander weisen so gute Eigenschaften auf, daß sie sich für eine Vielzahl von Anwendungszwecken direkt als Elektrobleche einsetzen lassen, ohne daß es dazu eines nochmaligen Kaltwalzens bedarf, bei dem eine über ein Glatten oder Dressieren hinausgehende Kaltverformung vorgenommen wird. Daher besteht eine bevorzugte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung darin, daß das Warmband konfektioniert und als Elektroblech ausgeliefert wird. Zu beachten ist, daß in solchen Fallen, in denen direkt eingesetztes Vormaterial in erfindungsgemaßer Weise zu Warmband verarbeitet wird, besonders gute magnetische Eigenschaften erreicht werden, wenn das Warmwalzen im Mischgebiet Austenit / Ferrit beendet wird. Es hat sich gezeigt, daß insbesondere derart unter Meidung des Ferritgebietes warmgewalzte Warmbander dazu geeignet sind, ohne eine weitere Verformung im Zuge eines Kaltwalzens an den Endverwender ausgeliefert zu werden.Hot strips produced in accordance with the invention have such good properties that they can be used directly as electrical sheets for a large number of applications without the need for repeated cold rolling, in which a cold deformation that goes beyond smoothing or skin-passaging is carried out. Therefore, a preferred embodiment of the invention is that the hot strip is assembled and delivered as electrical sheet. It should be noted that particularly good magnetic properties are achieved in such cases in which directly used primary material is processed into hot strip in the manner according to the invention when hot rolling in the austenite / ferrite mixing area is ended. It has been shown that hot rolled hot strips, in particular avoiding the ferrite area, are suitable for being delivered to the end user without further deformation in the course of cold rolling.
Desweiteren ist festgestellt worden, daß ein erforderlichenfalls gebeiztes, erf dungsgemaß erzeugtes Warmband sich für bestimmte Anwendungszwecke ohne ede abschließende Kaltverformung einsetzten laßt. Für spezielle Anforderungen, bei denen eine verbesserte Verarbeitbarkeit des erfmdungsgemaß erzeugten und ohne ausgeprägtes Kaltwalzen ausgelieferten Elektrowarmbandes gefordert wird, kann dies dadurch erreicht werden, daß das gebeizte Warmband bei einem Umformgrad von < 3 % glattgewalzt wird. Durch das Glattwalzen werden Unebenheiten der Bandoberflache geglättet, ohne daß es zu einer nennenswerten Beeinflussung des im Zuge des Warmwalzens erzeugten Gefugezustands kommt.Furthermore, it has been found that a hot strip, if necessary pickled, produced in accordance with the invention can be used for certain applications without any final cold forming. For special requirements in which improved processability of the electrical hot strip produced according to the invention and delivered without pronounced cold rolling is required, this can be achieved in that the pickled hot strip is smooth-rolled with a degree of deformation of <3%. As a result of the smooth rolling, unevenness of the strip surface is smoothed out without having any appreciable influence on the microstructure created in the course of hot rolling.
Alternativ oder ergänzend zu einem reinen Glattstich der voranstehend erläuterten Art können neben der Oberflachenbeschaffenheit auch die magnetischen Eigenschaften des erfidungsgemaß Erzeugten warmgewalzten Bandes dadurch verbessert werden, daß das gebeizte Warmband bei einem Umformgrad von mehr als 3 bis höchstens 15 % dressiergewalzt wird. Auch dieses Nachwalzen fuhrt zu keiner typischen Dickenreduzierung, die vergleichbar waren mit den beim typischen Kaltwalzen wegen der dabei erzielten hohen Umformgrade erzielten Veränderung der Banddicke. Vielmehr wird zusatzliche Verformungsenergie in das Band eingebracht, welche einen positiven Einfluß auf die spatere Verarbeitbarkeit des dressiergewalzten Bandes hat.As an alternative or in addition to a pure smooth stitch of the type explained above, the magnetic properties of the hot-rolled strip produced according to the invention can also be improved in that the pickled hot strip is skin-pass rolled with a degree of deformation of more than 3 to at most 15%. This re-rolling also does not lead to a typical reduction in thickness which was comparable to that achieved with typical cold rolling because of the high degrees of deformation achieved in the process Change in tape thickness. Rather, additional deformation energy is introduced into the strip, which has a positive influence on the later processability of the skin-rolled strip.
Das erfmdungsgemaß als Warmband ausgelieferte Elektroblech kann in der üblichen Weise vor seiner Konfektionierung und Auslieferung bei einer Gluhtemperatur > 740 °C schlußgegluht werden. Wird dagegen die Schlußgluhung beim Verarbeiter durchgeführt, so kann ein nichtschlußgegluhtes Elektro-Warmband zur verfugung gestellt werden, indem das Warmband vor seiner Konfektionierung und Auslieferung bei Gluhtemperaturen > 650 °C rekristallisierend zu einem nichtschlußgegluhten Elektroband geglüht wird.The electrical sheet, which is delivered as a hot strip according to the invention, can be finally annealed in the usual way before its assembly and delivery at an annealing temperature> 740 ° C. If, on the other hand, the final annealing is carried out by the processor, a non-final annealed electrical hot strip can be made available by recrystallizing the hot strip to a non-final annealed electrical steel prior to its assembly and delivery at annealing temperatures> 650 ° C.
Das auf erfmdungsgemaße Weise hergestellte Warmband ist aufgrund seiner mechanischen Eigenschaften jedoch auch besonders dazu geeignet, in herkömmlicher Weise ein- oder mehrstufig auf eine Enddicke kaltgewalzt zu werden. Sofern das Kaltwalzen mehrstufig durchgeführt wird, sollte im Anschluß an mindestens eine der Kaltwalzstufen ein Zwischengluhen erfolgen, um die guten mechanischen Eigenschaften des Bandes beizubehalten.However, due to its mechanical properties, the hot strip produced in accordance with the invention is also particularly suitable for being cold-rolled to a final thickness in a conventional manner in one or more stages. If the cold rolling is carried out in several stages, intermediate annealing should take place after at least one of the cold rolling stages in order to maintain the good mechanical properties of the strip.
Soll ein "fully-fmιshed"-Elektroband hergestellt werden, so schließt sich an das Kaltwalzen ein Schlußgluhen bei einer Gluhtemperatur an, welche vorzugsweise > 740 °C ist.If a "fully-fmιshed" electrical strip is to be produced, the cold rolling is followed by a final glow at an annealing temperature which is preferably> 740 ° C.
Soll dagegen ein "semi-fmished"-Elektroband erzeugt werden, so schließt sich an das gegebenenfalls mehrstufig durchgeführte Kaltwalzen ein rekπstallisierendes Glühen im Hauben- oder Durchlaufofen bei Temperaturen von mindestens 650 °C an. Im Anschluß daran wird das kaltgewalzte und geglühte Elektroband gerichtet und nachgewalzt.If, on the other hand, a "semi-finished" electrical strip is to be produced, then the cold rolling, which may be carried out in several stages, is followed by a re-installing annealing in the hood or Continuous furnace at temperatures of at least 650 ° C. The cold-rolled and annealed electrical steel is then straightened and re-rolled.
Erfmdungsgemaß hergestelltes, kaltgewalztes Elektroband ist hervorragend schneid- und stanzbar und eignet sich als solches besonders dazu, zu Bauelementen, wie Lamellen oder Ronden, verarbeitet zu werden. Im Falle der Verarbeitung eines "semi-finιshed"-Elektroblechs werden zweckmaßigerweise die aus diesem Elektroblech hergestellten Bauelemente beim Anwender schlußgegluht .Cold-rolled electrical steel produced in accordance with the invention is excellently cut and punchable and, as such, is particularly suitable for processing into components, such as lamellae or round blanks. In the case of processing a "semi-finished" electrical sheet, the components made from this electrical sheet are expediently annealed by the user.
Unabhängig davon, ob ein "semi-" oder ein "fully- finished" Elektroblech erzeugt wird, erfolgt gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung die Schlußgluhung des kaltgewalzten Elektroblechs vorzugsweise in einer entkohlenden Atmosphäre.Regardless of whether a "semi-finished" or a "fully-finished" electrical sheet is produced, the final annealing of the cold-rolled electrical sheet is preferably carried out in a decarburizing atmosphere.
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand von Ausfuhrungsbeispielen naher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments.
"J2500", "J5000" bzw. "J10000" bezeichnen im folgenden die magnetische Polarisation bei magnetischen Feldstarken von 2500 A/m, 5000 A/m bzw. 10000 A/m."J2500", "J5000" and "J10000" in the following denote the magnetic polarization at magnetic field strengths of 2500 A / m, 5000 A / m and 10000 A / m.
Unter "P 1,0" bzw. "P 1,5" wird derUnder "P 1.0" or "P 1.5" the
Ummagnetisierungsverlust bei einer Polarisation von 1,0 T bzw. 1,5 T und einer Frequenz von 50 Hz verstanden.Reverse magnetization loss understood with a polarization of 1.0 T or 1.5 T and a frequency of 50 Hz.
Die in den nachfolgenden Tabellen angegebenen magnetischen Eigenschaften sind jeweils an Einzelstreifen längs der Walzrichtung gemessen worden. In Tabelle 1 sind für drei zur erfindungsgemäßen Herstellung von Elektroblech verwendete Stahle die Gehalte der wesentlichen Legierungsbestandteile in Gewichts-% angegeben.The magnetic properties given in the tables below were measured on individual strips along the rolling direction. Table 1 shows the contents of the essential alloy constituents in% by weight for three steels used for the production of electrical sheet according to the invention.
Tabelle 1 Table 1
Die aus den Stahlen A, B bzw. C gegossenen Brammen sind als Vormaterial jeweils auf eine Temperatur von mehr als 1000 °C wiedererwarmt und in eine mehrere Walzgeruste umfassende Fertigwalzstaffel geleitet worden. In der Fertigwalzstaffel ist mindestens der erste Umformstich ausschließlich im Austenitgebiet durchgeführt worden.The slabs cast from steels A, B and C are re-heated as raw materials to a temperature of more than 1000 ° C and fed into a finishing mill comprising several rolling stands. In the finishing mill, at least the first forming pass was carried out exclusively in the austenite area.
In Tabelle 2 sind die magnetischen Eigenschaften Jsoo, J5000, J10000, Pι,o und Pι,5 für zwei aus den Stahlen A bzw. B erzeugten Elektrobleche Bl, B2 angegeben. Die für die Herstellung der Elektrobleche Bl, B2 bestimmten jeweiligen Warmbander sind im Anschluß an das Walzen imTable 2 shows the magnetic properties Jsoo, J5000, J10000, Pι, o and Pι, 5 for two electrical sheets B1, B2 produced from steels A and B, respectively. The respective hot strips intended for the production of the electrical sheets B1, B2 are after the rolling in
Austenitgebiet bei einem Gesamtumformgrad εh von 66 % im Zweiphasenmischgebiet Austenit / Ferrit fertig gewalzt worden. Die gewalzten Warmbander sind daraufhin bei einer Haspeltemperatur von 750 °C gehaspelt worden. Unmittelbar anschließend sind die gehaspelten Warmbander abgekühlt und der Weiterverarbeitung zugeleitet worden.Austenite area with a total forming degree ε h of 66% in the two-phase mixing area austenite / ferrite was finished rolled. The rolled hot strips were then coiled at a reel temperature of 750 ° C. Immediately afterwards, the coiled hot strips were cooled and sent for further processing.
Tabelle 2 In Tabelle 3 sind die magnetischen Eigenschaften J2500, J5000, Jioooo, Pι,o und Pι_5 für Elektrobleche B3, B4, B5 angegeben. Das Blech B3 ist unter Verwendung des Stahls A, das Blech B4 unter Verwendung des Stahls B und das Blech B5 unter Verwendung des Stahls C erzeugt worden. Die zur Herstellung der Elektrobleche B3, B4, B5 bestimmten Warmbander sind ebenfalls nach der Umformung im Austenitgebiet ausschließlich im Zweiphasenmischgebiet Austenit / Ferrit umgeformt worden. Die dabei erreichte Gesamtumformung εh beim Walzen im Mischgebiet betrug 66 %. Anschließend sind die Warmbander bei einer Temperatur von 750 °C gehaspelt worden. Im Unterschied zur Herstellung der Elektrobleche Bl, B2 sind die für die Herstellung der Bleche B3, B4, B5 bestimmten Warmbander dann jedoch für eine Zeit von mindestens 15 Minuten auf der Haspeltemperatur gehalten worden, bevor sie der Weiterverarbeitung zu Kaltband zugeführt worden sind.Table 2 Table 3 shows the magnetic properties J2500, J5000, Jioooo, Pι, o and Pι_ 5 for electrical sheets B3, B4, B5. The sheet B3 was produced using the steel A, the sheet B4 using the steel B and the sheet B5 using the steel C. The hot strips intended for the production of the electrical sheets B3, B4, B5 were also formed after the shaping in the austenite area exclusively in the two-phase mixing area austenite / ferrite. The total deformation ε h achieved during rolling in the mixing area was 66%. The hot strips were then coiled at a temperature of 750 ° C. In contrast to the production of the electrical sheets B1, B2, the hot strips intended for the production of the sheets B3, B4, B5 were then kept at the reel temperature for at least 15 minutes before they were passed on for further processing to cold strip.
Tabelle 3 Table 3
In Tabelle 4 sind die magnetischen Eigenschaften J2500, J5000, Jioooo, Pι,o und Pι_5 für Elektrobleche B6, B7, B8 angegeben, welche, in der angegebenen Reihenfolge, ebenfalls basierend auf den Stahlen A, B bzw. C erzeugt worden sind. Die zur Herstellung der Elektrobleche B6, B7, B8 bestimmten Warmbander sind nach der Umformung im Austenitgebiet im Zweiphasenmischgebiet Austenit / Ferrit umgeformt worden. Die dabei erreichte Gesamtumformung εh im Zweiphasenmischgebiet betrug 50 %. Anschließend hat das Warmband mehrere Umformstiche im Ferritgebiet durchlaufen. Die dabei erreichteTable 4 shows the magnetic properties J2500, J 5 000 Jioooo, Pι, o and Pι_ 5 are given for electrical sheets B6, B7, B8, has which is generated in the order given, likewise based on the steels A, B and C are. The hot strips intended for the production of the electrical sheets B6, B7, B8 are after the forming in the austenite area in the two-phase mixing area austenite / Ferrite has been formed. The total deformation ε h achieved in the two-phase mixing area was 50%. The hot strip then went through several forming passes in the ferrite area. The achieved thereby
Gesamtumformung εh im Ferritgebiet betrug weniger als 30 %. Das derart fertig gewalzte Warmband ist bei einer Temperatur von 750 °C gehaspelt worden. Unmittelbar anschließend ist das Warmband im Coil abgekühlt worden.Total deformation ε h in the ferrite area was less than 30%. The hot-rolled strip thus finished has been coiled at a temperature of 750 ° C. Immediately afterwards, the hot strip was cooled in the coil.
Tabelle 4 Table 4
In Tabelle 5 sind die magnetischen Eigenschaften J2soo, J5000, Jioooo, Pι,o und Pι_5 für Elektrobleche B9, BIO, Bll angegeben. Das Blech B9 ist unter Verwendung des Stahls A, das Blech BIO unter Verwendung des Stahls B und das Blech Bll unter Verwendung des Stahls C erzeugt worden. Die zur Herstellung der Elektrobleche B9, BIO, Bll bestimmten Warmbander sind in der Fertigwalzstaffel denselben Umformungen unterzogen worden wie die zur Herstellung der Bleche B6, B7 , B8 bestimmten Bander. Das derart fertig gewalzte Warmband ist bei einer Temperatur von 750 °C gehaspelt worden. Im Unterschied zur Herstellung der Elektrobleche B6, B7, B8 sind die für die Herstellung der Bleche B9, BIO, Bll bestimmten Warmbander dann jedoch für eine Zeit von mindestens 15 Minuten auf der Haspeltemperatur gehalten worden, bevor sie der Weiterverarbeitung zu Kaltband zugeführt worden sind. Tabel le 5 Table 5 shows the magnetic properties J 2 soo, J5000, Jioooo, Pι, o and Pι_ 5 for electrical sheets B9, BIO, B1. The sheet B9 was produced using steel A, the sheet BIO using steel B and the sheet B1 using steel C. The hot strips intended for the production of the electrical sheets B9, BIO, B1 have been subjected to the same transformations in the finishing rolling mill as the strips intended for the production of the sheets B6, B7, B8. The hot-rolled strip thus finished has been coiled at a temperature of 750 ° C. In contrast to the production of the electrical sheets B6, B7, B8, the hot strips intended for the production of the sheets B9, BIO, B1 were then kept at the reel temperature for at least 15 minutes before they were sent to cold strip for further processing. Table 5
In Tabelle 6 sind die magnetischen Eigenschaften J2500, J5000, Jioooo, Pι,o und P1.5 für ein Elektroblech B12 angegeben, das basierend auf dem Stahl C erzeugt worden ist. Nach der Umformung im Austenitgebiet ist das zur Herstellung des Elektroblechs B12 bestimmte Warmband ausschließlich im Zweiphasenmischgebiet Austenit / Ferrit umgeformt worden. Die dabei erreichte Gesamtumformung εh im Zweiphasenmischgebiet betrug 66 %. Das fertig gewalzte Warmband ist dann bei einer Temperatur von weniger als 600 °C gehaspelt worden. Unmittelbar anschließend ist das Warmband im Coil abgekühlt worden.Table 6 shows the magnetic properties J2500, J5000, Jioooo, Pι, o and P1.5 for an electrical sheet B12, which was generated based on the steel C. After the forming in the austenite area, the hot strip intended for the production of the B12 electrical sheet was only formed in the two-phase mixing area austenite / ferrite. The total deformation ε h achieved in the two-phase mixing area was 66%. The hot rolled strip is then coiled at a temperature of less than 600 ° C. Immediately afterwards, the hot strip was cooled in the coil.
Tabelle 6 Table 6
In Tabelle 7 sind für zwei andere zur Herstellung eines erfmdungsgemaß erzeugten und daraufhin ohne ausgeprägtes Kaltwalzen konfektionierten und als Elektroblech ausgelieferten Warmbandes verwendeten Stahle die Gehalte der für die Eigenschaften wesentlichen Legierungsbestandteile in Gewιchts-% angegeben . - I ITable 7 shows the percentages by weight of the alloy constituents that are essential for the properties of two other steels used to produce a hot strip produced in accordance with the invention and then assembled without pronounced cold rolling and delivered as electrical steel. - II
Tabelle 7 Table 7
Entsprechend den in Tabelle 7 angegebenen Zusammensetzungen gebildete Schmelzen sind in einer Gießwalzanlage kontinuierlich zu jeweils einem Vorband gegossen worden, welches ebenso kontinuierlich in eine mehrere Walzgeruste umfassende Warmwalzstaffel geleitet worden ist. Beim Warmwalzen der entsprechend erzeugten Elektrobleche Cl - C3 und Dl - D3 ist der Schwerpunkt der Verformung jeweils m den Bereich gelegt worden, m dem das jeweilige Band sich im austenitischen Zustand befindet. Der letzte Stich des Warmwalzens ist jedoch erfmdungsgemaß im Austenit / Ferrit-Mischgebiet durchgeführt worden. Die dabei erzielte Gesamtverformung εH betrug 40 %. Anschließend sind die Warmbander jeweils bei einer Temperatur von 750 °C gehaspelt worden.In a casting and rolling plant, melts formed in accordance with the compositions given in Table 7 were continuously cast to a preliminary strip, which was also continuously fed into a hot rolling mill comprising several rolling stands. When hot-rolling the correspondingly produced electrical sheets Cl - C3 and Dl - D3, the focus of the deformation was in each case placed in the area in which the respective strip is in the austenitic state. However, the last pass of hot rolling was carried out according to the invention in the austenite / ferrite mixing area. The total deformation ε H achieved was 40%. The hot strips were then coiled at a temperature of 750 ° C.
In den Tabellen 8a - 8c sind die magnetischen Eigenschaften J25oo, J5000, Jioooo, Pι,o und P1#5 für die jeweils drei aus den Stahlen C bzw. D erzeugten Elektrobleche Cl - C3 bzw. Dl - D3 angegeben.Tables 8a - 8c show the magnetic properties J 25 oo, J5000, Jioooo, Pι, o and P 1 # 5 for the three electrical sheets Cl - C3 and Dl - D3 produced from steel C and D, respectively.
Im Fall der Beispiele Cl, Dl (Tabelle 8a) sind die Warmbander nach der Abkühlung direkt zu handelsüblichen Elektroblechen konfektioniert und an den Endverwender ausgeliefert worden. Im Fall der Beispiele C2, D2 (Tabelle 8b) sind die Warmbander vor ihrer Auslieferung an den Endverwender gebeizt und zusatzlich einem Glattstich unterworfen worden. Bei diesem Glattstich ist eine Verformung εH von maximal 3 % erreicht worden. Die Bander C3, D3 (Tabelle 8c) sind vor ihrer Auslieferung nach einem Beizen jeweils dressiergewalzt worden. Tabelle 8aIn the case of examples C1, Dl (Table 8a), the hot strips have been directly assembled into commercially available electrical sheets after cooling and have been delivered to the end user. In the case of Examples C2, D2 (Table 8b), the hot strips were pickled before they were delivered to the end user and additionally subjected to a smooth stitch. With this smooth stitch, a deformation ε H of at most 3% has been achieved. The strips C3, D3 (Table 8c) were each pass-pass rolled after pickling. Table 8a
Tabelle 8bTable 8b
Tabelle 8c Table 8c
Es zeigt sich, daß auch die erf dungsgemaß als Warmbander erzeugten und als solche ohne ein ausgeprägtes Kaltwalzen an den Endverbraucher gelieferten Elektrobleche Cl - C3 bzw. Dl - D3 hervorragende magnetische Eigenschaften besitzen, die sie ohne weiteres zur Verwendung für eine Vielzahl von Anwendungszwecken geeignet machen.It can be seen that the electrical sheets Cl - C3 and Dl - D3, which are produced according to the invention as hot strips and delivered as such to the end user without pronounced cold rolling, have excellent magnetic properties which make them suitable for use in a large number of applications ,
Vergleichsuntersuchungen, die an 1 mm dicken, nach dem erfmdungsgemaßen Verfahren erzeugten Elektroblechen und Elektroblechen durchgeführt worden sind, die in konventioneller Weise warm- und kaltgewalzt worden sind, zeigen, daß die erzielbaren Werte der magnetischen Polaπstaion und die erzielbaren Werte des spezifischen Ummagnetisierungsverlustes der erfindungsgemaß erzeugten Elektrobleche in engen Bereichen mit denjenigen Werten übereinstimmen, die für die betreffenden Eigenschaften an herkömmlich erzeugten Elektroblechen ermittelt werden konnten. Comparative investigations, which were carried out on 1 mm thick electrical sheets produced by the method according to the invention and electrical sheets which were hot and cold rolled in a conventional manner, show that the achievable values of the magnetic polarity and the achievable values of the specific magnetic loss of those produced according to the invention Electrical sheets in narrow areas match those values for the properties in question could be determined on conventionally produced electrical sheets.

Claims

P A T E N T A N S P R Ü C H EP A T E N T A N S P R U C H E
Verfahren zum Herstellen von nicht kornorientiertem Elektroblech, bei dem aus einem Vormaterial, wie gegossenen Brammen, Bändern, Vorbändern oder Dünnbrammen, das aus einem Stahl mit (in Gewichts-%)Process for producing non-grain-oriented electrical sheet metal, in which a primary material, such as cast slabs, strips, pre-strips or thin slabs, which consists of a steel with (in percent by weight)
C: 0,001 - 0,05 % Si: < 1,5 % AI: < 0,4 % mit Si + 2A1 < 1,7 %C: 0.001 - 0.05% Si: < 1.5% AI: < 0.4% with Si + 2A1 < 1.7%
Mn : 0,1 - 1,2 % gegebenenfalls bis insgesamt 1,5 % anMn: 0.1 - 1.2%, if necessary up to a total of 1.5%
Legierungszusätzen, wie P, Sn, Sb, Zr, V, Ti, N,Alloy additives such as P, Sn, Sb, Zr, V, Ti, N,
Ni, Co, Nb und/oder B, und als Rest Eisen sowie üblichen BegleitelementenNi, Co, Nb and/or B, and the remainder iron and usual accompanying elements
hergestellt ist, ein Warmband erzeugt wird, indem das Vormaterial direkt aus der Gießhitze oder nach einem vorhergehenden Wiedererwärmen auf eine mindestens 1000 °C und höchstens 1180 °C betragende Wiedererwärmungstemperatur in mehreren Umformstichen warmgewalzt und anschließend gehaspelt wird, wobei während des Warmwalzens mindestens der erste Umformstich im Austenitgebiet und mindestens ein weiterer Umformstich im Zweiphasenmischgebiet Austenit / Ferrit durchgeführt wird und wobei während des Walzens im Zweiphasenmischgebiet eine Gesamtformänderung εh von mindestens 35 % erreicht wird. is produced, a hot strip is produced by hot-rolling the raw material directly from the casting heat or after previous reheating to a reheating temperature of at least 1000 ° C and at most 1180 ° C in several forming passes and then reeling, with at least the first forming pass during the hot rolling in the austenite area and at least one further forming pass in the two-phase austenite/ferrite mixed area and whereby a total shape change ε h of at least 35% is achieved during rolling in the two-phase mixed area.
2. Verfahren nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a ß die Gesamtformanderung εh höchstens 60 % betragt .2. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the total shape change ε h is at most 60%.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a ß das Warmband nach der Umformung im Austenitgebiet ausschließlich im Zweiphasenmischgebiet Austenit / Ferrit fertig gewalzt wird.3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, so that the hot strip is finished rolling after forming in the austenite area exclusively in the two-phase mixed austenite / ferrite area.
4. Verfahren nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a ß die wahrend des Walzens im Zweiphasenmischgebiet Austenit / Ferrit erreichte Gesamtformanderung εh mindestens 50 % betragt.4. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the total shape change ε h achieved during rolling in the austenite/ferrite two-phase mixed region is at least 50%.
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a ß im Anschluß an das Walzen im Zweiphasenmischgebiet Austenit / Ferrit mindestens ein Umformstich im Ferritgebiet durchgeführt wird.5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one forming pass is carried out in the ferrite region following rolling in the austenite/ferrite two-phase mixed region.
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a ß die wahrend des Walzens im Ferritgebiet erreichte Gesamtformanderung εh mindestens 10 % und höchstens 33 % betragt.6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the total shape change ε h achieved during rolling in the ferrite region is at least 10% and at most 33%.
7. Verfahren nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a ß die Haspeltemperatur mindestens 700 °C betragt. 7. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reel temperature is at least 700 °C.
8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a ß das gehaspelte Warmband aus der Coilhitze einer direkten Gluhung unterzogen wird und d a ß die Gluhzeit bei einer Gluhtemperatur oberhalb 700 °C mindestens 15 Minuten betragt.8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the coiled hot strip from the coil heat is subjected to direct annealing and that the annealing time at an annealing temperature above 700 ° C is at least 15 minutes.
9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a ß der Stahl einen Si-Gehalt von mindestens 0,7 Gewichts-% aufweist .9. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the steel has an Si content of at least 0.7% by weight.
10. Verfahren nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a ß die Haspeltemperatur weniger als 600 °C, insbesondere weniger als 550 °C, betragt.10. The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reel temperature is less than 600 ° C, in particular less than 550 ° C.
11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9 oder 10, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a ß das Warmband m unmittelbarem Anschluß an das Haspeln im Coil beschleunigt abgekühlt wird.11. The method according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the hot strip is cooled down in an accelerated manner immediately after coiling in the coil.
12. Verfahren nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a ß wahrend des Warmwalzens im Ferritgebiet mindestens ein Umformstich mit Schmierung durchgeführt wird.12. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one forming pass with lubrication is carried out during hot rolling in the ferrite region.
13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a ß alle Umformstiche im Ferritgebiet mit einer Walzenschmierung durchgeführt werden. 13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that all forming passes in the ferrite area are carried out with roller lubrication.
14. Verfahren nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a ß das Warmband nach dem Haspeln bei einer Glühtemperatur von mindestens 740 °C geglüht wird.14. The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hot strip is annealed after coiling at an annealing temperature of at least 740 ° C.
15. Verfahren nach Anspruch 14, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a ß das Glühen des zu einem Coil gehaspelten Warmbands im Haubenofen durchgeführt wird.15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that the annealing of the hot strip coiled into a coil is carried out in the bell furnace.
16. Verfahren nach Anspruch 14, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a ß das Glühen im Durchlaufofen durchgeführt wird.16. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that the annealing is carried out in a continuous furnace.
17. Verfahren nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a ß die Dicke des Warmbandes < 1,5 mm ist.17. The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thickness of the hot strip is <1.5 mm.
18. Verfahren nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a ß das Warmband konfektioniert und als Elektroblech ausgeliefert wird.18. The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hot strip is assembled and delivered as electrical sheet metal.
19. Verfahren nach Anspruch 18, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a ß das Warmband vor seiner Konfektionierung und Auslieferung bei einem Umformgrad von < 3 % glattgewalzt wird.19. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that the hot strip is smooth-rolled at a degree of deformation of <3% before it is assembled and delivered.
20. Verfahren nach Anspruch 18 , d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a ß das Warmband vor seiner Konfektionierung und Auslieferung bei einem Umformgrad von > 3 - 15 % dressiergewalzt wird.20. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that the hot strip is present before it is assembled and delivered a degree of forming of > 3 - 15%.
21. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 18 bis 20, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a ß das Warmband vor seiner Konfektionierung und Auslieferung bei einer Gluhtemperatur > 740 °C schlußgeglüht wird.21. The method according to one of claims 18 to 20, characterized in that the hot strip is finally annealed at an annealing temperature > 740 ° C before it is assembled and delivered.
22. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 18 bis 20, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a ß das Warmband vor seiner Konfektionierung und Auslieferung bei Gluhtemperaturen > 650 °C rekristallisierend zu einem nichtschlußgegluhten Elektroband geglüht wird.22. The method according to one of claims 18 to 20, characterized in that the hot strip is recrystallized to form a non-finally annealed electrical steel strip before it is assembled and delivered at annealing temperatures > 650 ° C.
23. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 16, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a ß das Warmband ein- oder mehrstufig auf eine Enddicke kaltgewalzt wird.23. The method according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the hot strip is cold-rolled in one or more stages to a final thickness.
24. Verfahren nach Anspruch 23, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a ß das Kaltwalzen mehrstufig durchgeführt wird und d a ß im Anschluß an mindestens eine der Kaltwalzstufen em Zwischengluhen erfolgt.24. The method according to claim 23, characterized in that the cold rolling is carried out in several stages and that intermediate annealing takes place after at least one of the cold rolling stages.
25. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 23 oder 24, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a ß das Kaltband im Anschluß an das Kaltwalzen bei einer Gluhtemperatur > 740 °C schlußgegluht wird. 25. The method according to one of claims 23 or 24, characterized in that the cold strip is finally annealed following cold rolling at an annealing temperature > 740 ° C.
6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 23 oder 24, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a ß das Kaltband nach dem Kaltwalzen in einem Haubenoder Durchlaufofen bei Gluhtemperaturen > 650 °C rekristallisierend zu einem nicht schlußgegluhten Elektroband geglüht und im Anschluß daran gerichtet und nachgewalzt wird.6. The method according to one of claims 23 or 24, characterized in that the cold strip is recrystallized after cold rolling in a hood or continuous furnace at annealing temperatures > 650 ° C to form a non-finally annealed electrical strip and is then straightened and re-rolled.
27. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 21, 22, 25 oder 26, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a ß die Gluhung in einer entkohlenden Atmosphäre durchgeführt wird. 27. The method according to one of claims 21, 22, 25 or 26, characterized in that the annealing is carried out in a decarburizing atmosphere.
EP00918861A 1999-07-05 2000-04-07 Method for producing non-grain oriented electric sheet steel Expired - Lifetime EP1192287B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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SI200030038T SI1192287T1 (en) 1999-07-05 2000-04-07 Method for producing non-grain oriented electric sheet steel

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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DE19930519A DE19930519C1 (en) 1999-07-05 1999-07-05 Non-textured electrical steel sheet, useful for cores in rotary electrical machines such as motors and generators, is produced by multi-pass hot rolling mainly in the two-phase austenite-ferrite region
DE19930519 1999-07-05
PCT/EP2000/003125 WO2001002610A1 (en) 1999-07-05 2000-04-07 Method for producing non-grain oriented electric sheet steel

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BR (1) BR0012227A (en)
DE (2) DE19930519C1 (en)
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JP2009149993A (en) 2009-07-09
DE19930519C1 (en) 2000-09-14
BR0012227A (en) 2002-04-02
ES2189751T3 (en) 2003-07-16
DE50001064D1 (en) 2003-02-13
MXPA02000156A (en) 2002-07-30
WO2001002610A1 (en) 2001-01-11
JP5529418B2 (en) 2014-06-25
ATE230803T1 (en) 2003-01-15
AU3965500A (en) 2001-01-22
JP2003504508A (en) 2003-02-04
PL353181A1 (en) 2003-11-03
KR100707503B1 (en) 2007-04-16
US6773514B1 (en) 2004-08-10
EP1192287B1 (en) 2003-01-08
KR20020035827A (en) 2002-05-15

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