EP1186724A1 - Masonry - Google Patents

Abstract

A brickwork (1) has at least two prefabricated wall panels (2, 2 '), each of which has several rows of blocks arranged one above the other. Reinforcing bars (6) are arranged in the bearing joints (5) filled with mortar or glue and the rows of building blocks lying one above the other, which lie in the bearing slots of the building blocks (3) provided there and run in the direction of extension of the building block rows. The wall panels (2, 2 ') have vertical channels (8a, 8b) which penetrate the building blocks inside. At least one of the wall panels (2, 2 ') has on one of its side faces opposite the building blocks (3) of the wall panel (2, 2') projecting reinforcement loops (7) formed by the reinforcement bars (6), each with their loop openings in engage a vertical channel (8a, 8b) of an adjacent wall panel. The vertical channel (8a, 8b) of the adjacent wall panel (2, 2 ') is connected to transverse openings (10) through which the reinforcing bars (7) engage in the vertical channel (8a, 8b). The loop openings of the reinforcing bars (7) are penetrated by at least one vertical bar (11) arranged in the vertical channel (8a, 8b). The vertical channels (8a, 8b) and the transverse openings (10) are filled with a potting compound (12). <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to masonry, with at least two prefabricated blackboards, each several above the other arranged rows with building blocks, especially sand-lime bricks, have, with at least one between one another Modular rows of joints are roughly the entire length Reinforcing bars extending along these rows of blocks are provided are in the longitudinal slots of the building blocks provided there, wherein the reinforcing bars are at least partially of a mortar or adhesive layer are surrounded, and wherein at least one of the Wall panels on at least one of their faces opposite the Building blocks of the blackboard protruding through the reinforcing bars Has formed reinforcement loops, the loop openings are penetrated by at least one vertical rod, the Reinforcement loops and the vertical bar in mortar, concrete or the same potting compound are embedded.

Such masonry is known from DE 198 19 683 C1. It has several wall panels, each of which has a large number of building blocks arranged one above the other in horizontal rows. A bearing joint is provided between adjacent rows of building blocks in which a thin-bed mortar or adhesive layer is arranged. On their underside, the building blocks each have a continuous groove-like longitudinal slot, which is arranged approximately in the middle between the two longitudinal side surfaces of the building blocks. Two parallel reinforcement bars running parallel to each other are provided in the joints between adjacent rows of building blocks, which lie in the longitudinal slots and are partially surrounded by the thin-bed mortar or adhesive layer. At both ends of the wall panels, the reinforcement bars form an eyelet or loop, which protrudes from the front plane of the wall panel. When assembling the masonry, the prefabricated wall panels are butted together, leaving a vertical joint between the facing end faces of the wall panels, in which the reinforcement loops of the two wall panels are arranged. The wall panels are positioned so that the loop openings of these reinforcement loops are aligned one above the other. A steel rod that penetrates the loop openings is then inserted vertically through the reinforcement loops. Then the vertical joint is laterally sealed with a formwork and then filled with concrete or mortar. The prefabricated blackboards have sufficient stability for transport to the installation site, so that the danger of a wall breakage is avoided if the blackboards are accidentally pushed against an obstacle when they are moved. In the area of the connection points between the two wall panels, however, the stiffness of the masonry formed by the wall panels is only comparatively low, which is why the reinforcement provided in the masonry for supporting static loads acting on the masonry, such as a wind load on one in one attack the upper floor of a building located outer wall, is practically not suitable. It is also unfavorable that the assembly of the wall panel is still comparatively complicated, since the vertical joint located between the mutually facing end faces of the wall panels interconnected in the butt joint must be provided with a formwork before filling with concrete or mortar.
A major disadvantage of masonry is also that the wall panels are only intended for a butt joint connection, while they are not suitable for creating a rigid corner connection, as is required, for example, for a cellar wall that is exposed to the pressure of the soil. In particular, in the case of a corner connection, the reinforcement loops of the adjacent wall panels cannot be made to coincide during assembly, so that the adjacent wall panels can then only be loosely connected to one another by a vertical mortar layer located between them.
In the production of the wall panels, it has also proven difficult to completely encase the reinforcement bars in the longitudinal slots on the underside of the building blocks with mortar. In practice, it has been shown that cavities form in the longitudinal slots of the building blocks, which lead to bending or transverse forces acting on the wall panel being transmitted only incompletely to the reinforcing bars.

One knows from DIN 1053, part 4, page 16, September 1978 edition also one consisting of several brick wall panels Masonry, in which the blackboards are several on top of each other arranged rows of blocks, each with several adjacent have adjacent building blocks. Are there stacked blocks arranged so that they in aligned with each other in the horizontal direction. Between each Adjacent bricks of the blackboard a mortar pocket is provided, the width of which is in a about a quarter in the horizontal plane direction corresponds to the length of the bricks. Between the neighboring Overlying rows of building blocks in the wall panels are bed joints provided, in each of which a reinforcing bar is arranged, which extends the entire length of the blackboard. His Both ends are the rebar to form a loop each bent into a U or hook shape, this loop with protrudes its free end on the face of the blackboard. at The prefabricated wall panels are used to assemble the masonry joined together in the butt joint, being between each other a vertical joint remains on the facing end faces of the wall panels, whose dimensions correspond approximately to those of the mortar pockets. The wall panels are positioned so that in the vertical joint the reinforcement loops of the two wall panels with their loop openings are aligned one above the other. By The reinforcement loops are then vertical from above Steel rod penetrating the loop openings and then the vertical joint is laterally with a casing sealed and then filled with mortar. The masonry has in addition to the disadvantages of the known from DE 198 19 683 C1 Masonry has the further disadvantage that it is in the area of relatively wide, located laterally between the building blocks Mortar bags have a lower pressure resistance than in Area of building blocks. In addition, the bending stiffness of the Masonry only slight, because the U- or hook-shaped bent Reinforcement loops under bending stress at the free end of the Can loosen reinforcement bars from the anchoring in the masonry.

There is therefore the task of masonry the beginning mentioned type to create a uniform high pressure resistance and enables a high degree of bending stiffness.

The solution to this problem is that the blackboards Have vertical channels, which the blocks with a distance of whose side surfaces penetrate inside so that the reinforcement loops at least one blackboard with your loop openings in a vertical channel of an adjacent blackboard intervene that to do this to the reinforcement loop each neighboring building block of this blackboard at least one up extending from the reinforcement loop to the vertical channel has penetrated transverse opening, and that the at least one, the vertical rod penetrating the loop openings within the is arranged with the potting compound filled vertical channel.

This advantageously results in a positive fit Connection on the one hand between the building blocks of a blackboard and the vertical rod which penetrates these building blocks and on the other hand, also between the reinforcement bars of the others Blackboard and the vertical bar, creating a rigid Wall connection of the two wall panels is reached. Since the Reinforcing bars over the entire length of the wall panels extend, but also have high blackboards themselves Bending stiffness so that the masonry over its entire Length of bending forces and / or pressure transversely to the wall plane and / or can absorb and support tensile loads. The one in the Reinforcement contained in masonry not only fulfills the Task of constructive reinforcement that the prefabricated Blackboards the necessary when transported to the installation site Gives stability, so that the risk of wall breakage is avoided reinforcement is also suitable for support on the fully assembled wall static loads and can therefore be used when dimensioning the Masonry as a load-bearing part. The Masonry can then be used as an outer wall on one of the upper floors of a building may be provided where there are those occurring wind forces (pressure and / or suction) can support well.

Because the reinforcement loops are placed inside the building blocks are, can be between the interconnected wall parts Correspondingly narrow joint may be provided, for example the can have the same width as that between the end faces two in a row next to each other arranged blocks of the blackboard, so that practically one homogeneous masonry that gives a along its entire length has high, uniform pressure resistance. Finally are the blackboards can also be easily assembled, since after the positioning of the blackboards in the use position only the vertical rod is inserted into the vertical channel from above must, whereupon this immediately with concrete, mortar or the like Potting compound can be filled. An elaborate and complicated Attach a formwork at the junction of the blackboards is not necessary. The one with the vertical channel or the Vertical channels connected transverse openings can be used in the Manufacture of the blackboards brought into the factory become. Of course, it is also possible the cross openings only when the wall parts are installed on site to introduce, for example by means of a suitable drilling or Saw or milling tool. Advantageously, the Vertical channels in which no vertical bars are arranged, too can be used as installation channels, for example for recording of electrical cables, water pipes, heating pipes, ventilation pipes, Hoses or the like. As a result, the assembly effort additionally reduced for the completion of the masonry.

It is particularly advantageous if in at least one bed joint on both sides at least one vertical channel penetrating the bed joint Reinforcing bars are arranged, and if that with this Vertical channel connected cross opening (s) for the engagement of the Reinforcement loop (s) arranged on the front of the wall panel is (are). The reinforcement bars are then at least through the a vertical channel spaced from each other, whereby a gives even higher bending stiffness.

The longitudinal central axis is expediently one of the between at least two reinforcing bars in a bed joint arranged spacing through vertical channel approximately in the vertical vertical plane of the blackboard in the direction of extension of the blackboard arranged. The reinforcement bars then run on both sides of approximately in of the vertical wall panel longitudinal central plane Phase of the blackboard, creating an even greater bending stiffness is achieved.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention it is provided that at least one vertical channel is relative in this way to the reinforcement bars lying in at least one bed joint it is arranged that these reinforcing bars on the same side of the vertical channel and that with the vertical channel connected transverse opening (s) on the reinforcing bars opposite side of the vertical channel is (are). The blackboards can then be angular, T-shaped or X-shaped with each other be connected. In particular, the wall panels can be rigid Form a corner connection, which can even be part of a basement wall, because they are the pressure exerted by the earth on the wall and the resulting shear and bending forces can support. In Advantageously, it is possible to only in the Floor boards used now also in basement construction.

It is advantageous if the spaces between each reinforcing bars arranged in a bed joint inner vertical channels to the neighboring ones, outside these Intermediate vertical vertical channels in the direction of extension the blackboard are staggered, and if the through the normal to the plane of extension of the blackboard and the longitudinal central axis of the inner vertical channels tense levels preferably equally far from those to these levels each adjacent outer vertical channels are spaced. This ensures good thermal insulation on the one hand and on the other but also achieved a high strength of the blackboards.

In an expedient embodiment of the invention, that the blackboards are each transverse to their plane of extension outer vertical channels on both sides of the reinforcement bar spaces and that these are preferably symmetrical to the vertical vertical plane of the blackboard are arranged. The individual blackboards can then be mounted on different sides of the blackboard or on several sides of the blackboard simultaneously with one be connected to another blackboard.

It is particularly advantageous if the longitudinal slots on the top the blocks are arranged. The block rows can then in the manufacture of the prefabricated blackboards be stacked on top of each other, each before application another layer of blocks in the longitudinal slots of the blocks the reinforcing bars inserted and then a mortar or Adhesive layer is applied to the building blocks. Of course a reverse approach is also conceivable, in which first apply the mortar or adhesive layer and then the Reinforcing bars are inserted into the longitudinal slots. The mortar way The amount of adhesive can be measured so that the longitudinal slots completely with mortar or with Glue are filled and the reinforcement bars are thus complete are bordered with mortar or adhesive. Because the mortar or Glue flowing down by gravity will form of voids in the longitudinal slots when the mortar solidifies or glue avoided. Static attacking the building blocks or dynamic loads can be particularly good on the Reinforcing bars are transmitted.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention provided that the inner and / or outer vertical channels in are arranged in a grid that in the direction of extension of the rows of blocks oriented adjacent to each other juxtaposed inner and / or outer Vertical channels an integer fraction of the length of a full block corresponds, and that the building blocks of adjacent superimposed rows of blocks of the wall panels in Extension direction of the block rows by the grid spacing or an integer multiple of it is staggered are such that the sections passing through the building blocks the inner and / or outer vertical channels are aligned. The blocks can then be layer by layer half the length of a full block offset in the direction of the block rows be arranged to each other, with at the ends of the rows of blocks if necessary, half blocks can be arranged, such that the end faces of the rows of blocks each in a common Vertical plane.

In an expedient embodiment of the invention provided that at least two blackboards be angled with each other are connected such that the reinforcement loops of a first Blackboard through on one of the flat sides of a second Wall panel provided transverse openings in a vertical channel this second wall panel intervene that the longitudinal central axis of this Vertical channel from one parallel to the one with the ends of the Reinforcement loops connected to the first wall panel Reinforcing bars in the middle between these vertical median planes is spaced and that the reinforcement loops opposite the vertical center plane laterally towards the vertical channel are cranked. The blackboards can then also be in one layer are interconnected in which the vertical median plane between the reinforcing bars of a wall panel outside the by arranging the vertical channels of the other blackboard predetermined grid lies. As a result, especially in the case of Corner joint an offset or a paragraph at the connection point the blackboards are avoided, so that then in the area of Corner connection through flat wall surfaces on the masonry result.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention provided that a first of two at a corner joint interconnected wall panels in the area of the corner connection Cornerstones with an approximately square floor plan that the Corner stones longitudinal slots for the engagement of the reinforcement bars have the first wall panel that at least one vertical channel Corner stones at a distance from their side surfaces inside enforces that connected to this vertical channel, by push through the reinforcement loops of the second wall panel Cross openings through on the bottom and / or top of the corner stones arranged recesses are formed and that the at least a vertical rod penetrating the loop openings the vertical channel of the corner stones is arranged. The recesses can then be used in the manufacture of the corner stones be molded in, thereby introducing transverse openings in the finished wall panels can be saved. By the lateral stones can be aligned accordingly Openings in the open-edged recesses when walling the wall panels in different directions with respect to the vertical Longitudinal median plane of the blackboard, depending on whether the blackboard for a butt joint or corner connection to another one to the left or right of the blackboard Blackboard is provided.

Fig. 1

eine perspektivische Teildarstellung eines Mauerwerks, das zwei eine Eckverbindung bildende Wandtafeln aufweist, wobei nur einige Bausteine dieser Wandtafeln dargestellt sind, um die Sicht auf die in der Wandtafel angeordneten, nur teilweise dargestellten Bewehrungsstäbe freizugeben,

Fig. 2

einen horizontalen Teil-Querschnitt durch eine zwischen zwei benachbart übereinanderliegenden Bausteinreihen befindliche Lagerfuge des in Fig. 1 gezeigten Mauerwerks,

Fig. 3

eine Aufsicht auf einen Baustein einer Wandtafel,

Fig. 4

einen Querschnitt durch die vertikale Längsmittelebene des in Fig. 3 gezeigten Bausteines,

Fig. 5

eine Ansicht auf die Schmalseitenfläche des in Fig. 3 dargestellten Bausteines,

Fig. 6

eine Ansicht auf die Stirnseite einer Wandtafel, wobei die an der Stirnseitenfläche vorstehenden Bewehrungsschlaufen erkennbar sind,

Fig. 7

eine Ansicht auf die Flachseite einer Wandtafel, die mehrere mit im inneren der Wandtafel befindlichen Vertikalkanälen verbundene Queröffnungen aufweist, wobei Abschnitte der Vertikalkanäle strichliniert angedeutet sind,

Fig. 8

eine Ansicht auf die der in Fig. 7 gezeigten Flachseite der Wandtafel gegenüberliegende Flachseite der Wandtafel, wobei Abschnitte der die Wandtafel durchsetzenden Vertikalkanäle strichliniert angedeutet sind,

Fig. 9

eine Darstellung ähnlich Fig. 1, wobei jedoch eine der Wandtafeln im Bereich der Eckverbindung Ecksteine mit quadratischem Grundriß aufweist,

Fig. 10

einen horizontalen Querschnitt durch die zwischen zwei benachbart übereinander geschichteten Bausteinreihen befindliche Lagerfuge zweier eine Eckverbindung bildenden Wandtafeln, wobei im Bereich der Eckverbindung ein Eckstein angeordnet ist,

Fig. 11

eine Ansicht auf die eine der äußeren Flachseiten der in Fig. 9 gezeigten Eckverbindung,

Fig. 12

eine Seitenansicht des in Fig. 9 gezeigten Ecksteins, welche die an der Unterseite des Ecksteins für den Eingriff einer Bewehrungsschlaufe vorgesehene randoffene Ausnehmung oder Einformung erkennen läßt,

Fig. 13

einen horizontalen Teilquerschnitt durch die zwischen zwei benachbart übereinander angeordneten Steinreihen befindliche Lagerfuge zweier im Stumpfstoß aneinandergefügter Wandtafeln,

Fig. 14

eine perspektivische Darstellung zweier im Stumpfstoß aneinandergefügter Wandtafeln, wobei nur einige der Bausteine der Wandtafeln dargestellt sind, um die Sicht auf die in den Wandtafeln befindliche, nur teilweise dargestellte Bewehrung freizugeben,

Fig. 15

eine Ansicht auf eine Stirnseitenfläche einer der in Fig. 14 dargestellten Wandtafeln, wobei an der Stirnseite vorgesehene Queröffnungen erkennbar sind und wobei ein im Inneren der Wandtafel verlaufender Vertikalkanal strichliniert dargestellt ist,

Fig. 16

eine Ansicht auf die Schmalseitenfläche eines Mauersteines des in Fig. 14 dargestellten Mauerwerks, wobei ein den Baustein durchsetzender Vertikalkanal strichliniert dargestellt ist,

Fig. 17 u. 18

Horizontalquerschnitte durch eine zwischen zwei aufeinanderliegenden Steinreihen befindliche Vertikalfuge eines aus mehreren Wandtafeln bestehenden Mauerwerks, wobei in Fig. 18 das Mauerwerk nur teilweise dargestellt ist.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing. Some show more schematically:

Fig. 1

2 shows a perspective partial representation of a brickwork which has two wall panels forming a corner connection, only a few building blocks of these wall panels being shown in order to expose the view of the reinforcement bars arranged in the wall panel and only partially shown,

Fig. 2

3 shows a horizontal partial cross section through a bed joint of the masonry shown in FIG. 1, located between two adjacent rows of building blocks,

Fig. 3

a supervision of a building block of a blackboard,

Fig. 4

3 shows a cross section through the vertical longitudinal center plane of the module shown in FIG. 3,

Fig. 5

3 shows a view of the narrow side surface of the module shown in FIG. 3,

Fig. 6

2 shows a view of the end face of a blackboard, the reinforcement loops protruding from the end face being recognizable,

Fig. 7

2 shows a view of the flat side of a wall panel which has a plurality of transverse openings connected to vertical channels located in the interior of the wall panel, portions of the vertical channels being indicated by dashed lines,

Fig. 8

7 shows a view of the flat side of the wall panel opposite the flat side of the wall panel shown in FIG. 7, portions of the vertical channels passing through the wall panel being indicated by dashed lines,

Fig. 9

a representation similar to FIG. 1, but with one of the wall panels in the area of the corner connection having corner stones with a square plan,

Fig. 10

4 shows a horizontal cross section through the bed joint of two wall panels forming a corner connection between two adjacent rows of building blocks, a corner stone being arranged in the area of the corner connection,

Fig. 11

9 shows a view of one of the outer flat sides of the corner connection shown in FIG. 9,

Fig. 12

9 shows a side view of the corner stone shown in FIG. 9, which shows the open-ended recess or indentation provided on the underside of the corner stone for the engagement of a reinforcement loop,

Fig. 13

a horizontal partial cross section through the bed joint between two adjacent rows of blocks of two wall panels joined together in the butt joint,

Fig. 14

2 shows a perspective illustration of two wall panels joined together in the butt joint, only some of the building blocks of the wall panels being shown in order to expose the reinforcement in the wall panels, which is only partially shown,

Fig. 15

14 shows a view of an end face of one of the wall panels shown in FIG. 14, transverse openings provided on the front side being recognizable and a vertical channel running inside the wall panel being shown in broken lines,

Fig. 16

14 shows a view of the narrow side surface of a brick of the masonry shown in FIG. 14, a vertical channel passing through the brick being shown in broken lines,

Fig. 17 u. 18

Horizontal cross-sections through a vertical joint between two rows of stones lying on top of a masonry consisting of several wall panels, the masonry being shown only partially in FIG. 18.

A masonry designated as a whole has 1 prefabricated wall panels 2, 2 'with a variety of building blocks 3 on. In Fig. 8 it can be seen that the blocks 3 in several superimposed rows of blocks are arranged and that each of these block rows, several blocks next to each other having. The blocks 3 are arranged adjacent to one another Block rows are each half the length of a full block 3 offset in the direction of extension of the block rows arranged to each other. The first and last building block 3 each second row of blocks is designed as a half stone, so that overall an approximately rectangular shape of the wall panels 2, 2 'results. However, other embodiments are of course also possible conceivable in which, for example, the width of the Blackboard 2, 2 starting from a lower one to one above located row of blocks can take off. Such blackboards 2, 2 'can be arranged, for example, in the area of gable walls his.

In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 the building blocks 3 large-scale lime sandstone, the cuboid are formed and for example a size of 50 x 50 cm can have. As can be seen in FIGS. 3, 5 and 16, point the blocks 3 on their top two each parallel to each other running grooves or longitudinal slots 4, which extend in the longitudinal direction of the block rows extend. 16 it can be seen that that the cross section of the longitudinal slots 4 starting from the Surface level of the building blocks 3 to the bottom of the longitudinal slots 4 tapered towards. The blocks 3 can have a on their end faces Have profiling or a labyrinth (Fig. 5). The profiling may have protrusions that extend from their foot can taper to the most protruding point. When building blocks 3 are crunched, the projections engage into a matching recess in the neighboring building block (Fig. 13). In the rows of blocks next to each other Arranged blocks 3 can also by one in between located forehead joint mortar be connected to each other.

Is between adjacent rows of blocks a bearing joint 5 is provided, which as thin-bed mortar or Adhesive layer is formed. In the joints 5 are each two reinforcing bars 6 arranged in the longitudinal slots 4th lie and each over the entire length of the block rows extend. The reinforcement bars 6 are in the thin-bed mortar or arranged and preferably completely of the adhesive surround. Because of the mortar or the adhesive Reinforcing bars 6 fixed in the longitudinal slots 4 and non-positively connected with the building blocks 3. Besides, they are Reinforcement bars 6 through the mortar or adhesive from corrosion protected. The reinforcing bars 6 are preferably made of Reinforcing steel according to DIN 488 and can, for example Have a diameter of 6 to 8 mm. The reinforcement bars 6 can but also consist of another suitable material.

The reinforcement bars 6 or their extensions are each laterally on one of the end faces from the wall panel 2, 2 ' led out and form reinforcement loops 7 there extend substantially in a horizontal plane. As in 2 and 13 can be seen particularly well, the ends of the Reinforcement loops 7 each in one piece with one of the two Reinforcing bars 6 connected. This can be done, for example can be achieved that a rod - or wire - shaped reinforcement material in the manufacture of the wall panel 2, 2 'approximately U-shaped bent and then with its U-legs into the longitudinal slots 4 the building blocks 3 is inserted in such a way that the reinforcement loop 7 forming bent section laterally over the Module row survives.

The reinforcement loops 7 of the individual wall panels 2, 2 'grip each with its loop opening in a vertical channel 8a, 8b of a wall panel 2, 2 'adjoining it. As can be seen particularly well in FIGS. 1 and 14, the Vertical channels 8a, 8b through the interior of the blocks 3 and enforce them at a distance from their side faces 9. Die Blocks 3 are arranged so that the one above the other Blocks 3 penetrating vertical channels 8a, 8b with each other align, so that there is a total of one over the entire Height of the blackboard 2, 2 'or the floor height extending vertical channel 8a, 8b results. When manufacturing the Wall panel 2, 2 ', the mortar or the adhesive is so on the individual rows of blocks plotted that as little mortar as possible enters the vertical channels 8a, 8b.

The vertical channels are in the engagement area of the reinforcement loops 7 8a, 8b connected to transverse channels or transverse openings 10 by which the reinforcement loops 7 are passed through. In the Vertical channels 8a, 8b each have a vertical rod 11 arranged, which extends approximately over the entire height of the blackboard 2, 2 ' and the loop openings all in the vertical channel 8a, 8b of the reinforcement loops 7 engaging in the wall panel 2, 2 ' interspersed. The vertical bars 11 are preferably made of Reinforcing steel and can for example have a diameter of 8 mm exhibit.

The vertical channel 8a, 8b is made of concrete, mortar or the like Potting compound 12 filled, the vertical bar 11 and the reinforcement loops 7 bounded. About the potting compound 12 are the vertical rod 11 and the reinforcement loops 8 form-fitting with the building blocks 3 connected. In addition, the reinforcement loops 6 and Vertical rod 11 through the potting compound 12 against the entry of Moisture and thus protected against corrosion.

13 and 14 are the two each in the bed joints 5 lying reinforcement bars 6 transverse to Wall panel level arranged on both sides of the vertical channels 8. As in 15 can be seen, has a first wall panel 2 of the masonry 1 transverse openings 10, each from one end of this Wall panel 2 to an adjacent, the building blocks 3 of this wall panel 2 extending vertical channel 8a and are extended beyond the vertical channel 8a. A second wall panel 2 'is adjacent to the transverse openings 10. arranged, which connects to the first wall panel 2 in the butt joint. The second wall panel 2 ′ faces the first wall panel 2 facing the end of the reinforcement loops 7. As before the reinforcement loops 7 grip with their Loop openings through the transverse openings 10 into the adjacent to it, which penetrates the reinforcement loops 7 Vertical channel 8a of the first wall panel 2 a.

In Fig. 13 it can be seen that the on the end face of the second Blackboard 2 protruding reinforcement loops 7 each in the between the reinforcement bars 6 of a bed joint 5 of the first Wall panel 2 formed spaces are arranged. The Reinforcing bars 6 of the second wall panel 2 'are on the Connection point to the reinforcement loop in this way angled so that the width of the reinforcement loop 7 is smaller than the clear distance between the reinforcing bars 6 of the Bearing joint 5. In Fig. 13 it can still be seen that the vertical channels 8a arranged approximately in the vertical middle plane of the wall panel are.

2 and 13 have the Wall panels 2, 2 'in addition to those between the reinforcing bars 6 arranged inner vertical channels 8a or outer Vertical channels 8b, each on the same side of the two reinforcement bars 6 lying in the bed joint. there are the vertical channels penetrating a module 3 8b symmetrical to the vertical center line of the blocks 3 arranged. In Fig. 3 it can be seen that with the help of the vertical channels 8b a rigid corner connection between two wall panels 2, 2 ' can be realized. It is clearly recognizable that the one with the Vertical channels 8b connected transverse openings 10 of the first Wall panel 2 is provided on one of the flat sides of this wall panel 2 are and that the second wall panel 2 'with its end face to this Flat side of the first wall panel 2 connects. The grab on the end face of the second wall panel 2 'from this above Reinforcement loops 7 in the transverse openings of the first Wall panel 2 that the loop cross-sections the cross-section of the vertical channel 8b. Also in this embodiment is the loop openings in the vertical channel 8b penetrating vertical rod 11 arranged and the vertical channel 8b is filled with the potting compound 12.

In Fig. 2 it can be seen that the longitudinal central axis of the in Vertical channel 11 having vertical channel 28b from a center between the reinforcing bars 6 of a bed joint 5 of the second Wall panel 2 'located vertical center plane 13 is spaced and that the reinforcement loops 7 with respect to the vertical center plane 13 laterally to the vertical channel having the connecting rod 11 8b are bent. This vertical median plane is shown in FIG 13 indicated by dashed lines.

17 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a corner connection having masonry 1, in which at one Front of the individual wall panels 2 each through the reinforcement bars 6 of the wall panel 2 reinforcement loops 7 provided are symmetrical to the vertical longitudinal median plane of the blackboard 2 are arranged. Adjacent to the other front of the Wall panel 2 are each on the flat side of wall panel 2 the number of reinforcement loops 7 corresponding to the wall panel 2 Number of transverse openings 10 arranged for the engagement of the Reinforcement loops 7 of the adjacent wall panel 2 are provided. In this embodiment it follows the outside of the wall panels 2 each have a paragraph that at Assembly of the wall panels 2, for example, by applying one with the outside of the wall panels 2 aligned mortar layer 14 balanced on the exposed end faces of the wall panels 2 can be.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 18 there are two wall panels 2 connected to form a wall connection in a T-shape. With these wall panels 2 each additional wall panels 2 are in the Butt joint connected, these additional wall panels 2 in 18 are only partially shown. It is clearly recognizable that the wall panels 2 at any, by the grid of Vertical channels 8a predetermined positions T-shaped or in the form of a Corner connection can be connected to each other. To do this only at the appropriate points for the intervention of the Reinforcement loops 7 provided transverse openings 10 in the Flat side (s) of the wall panels 2 are brought in, which is the factory during the manufacture of the wall panels 2 and / or during assembly Place can happen.

In Fig. 3 it can be seen that between two on the same side of the reinforcement bars 6 located vertical channels 8b Reduction of the tube density of the blocks 3, one blind hole each 15 is provided. The distance between the longitudinal central axis of the Blind hole 15 and the longitudinal central axes in the direction of extension of the module 3 adjacent vertical channels 8b corresponds to about a quarter of the length L of the block 3. Also the distance between the longitudinal central axes to each other inner vertical channels 8a of module 3 each correspond to one Quarter of its length L. Here are the inner vertical channels 8a to the outer vertical channels 8b and the blind holes 15 Gap staggered. The distance between the longitudinal central axes of the outer vertical channels 8b and the adjacent ones The end face level of module 3 is one quarter each Length of the block 3. The distance between the longitudinal central axis which is arranged adjacent to the end faces of the modules 3 inner vertical channels 8a and the levels of the concerned The end faces of the module 3 is one eighth of the Block length L. In Fig. 3 it can still be seen that the vertical channels 8a, 8b each have a circular cross section and that the diameter of the inner vertical channels 8a is smaller than the diameter of the outer vertical channels 8b. Besides, is recognizable that the vertical channels 8a, 8b somewhat conical are and that the vertical channels 8a, 8b starting from the Tapered to the bottom of the blocks 3.

9 and 10 show a further embodiment, at the two wall panels 2, 2 'by a corner connection with each other are connected. The first wall panel 2 has in the area of Corner connection one of the number of layers stacked on top of each other Corresponding number of masonry layers aligned one above the other arranged corner stones 16 with an approximately square plan. The width of the corner stones 16 corresponds to the width of the rest Bricks 3. The corner stones 16 have two on their top parallel grooves or slots 4, which the longitudinal slots 4 arranged in series with the corner stones Continue building blocks 3 of the first blackboard 2. In these grooves or slots 4 is in each case an end region in the between the rows of bricks located adjacent to each other Vertical joint 5 lying reinforcement bars 6 of the wall panel 2 arranged.

The corner stone 16 is in the middle of one of the side surfaces of the Eckstein 16 spaced vertical channel 8a penetrates. The Vertical channel 8a runs in the bed joint 5 between the two reinforcement bars 6 lying in the bearing joint 5. If necessary, the corner stone 16 can have further vertical channels 8b have, preferably at the intersection of the through the straight extensions of the through the vertical channels 8a and / or 8b of the first wall panel with the straight rows Extensions through the vertical channels 8a and / or 8b of the second Wall panel formed rows are arranged. Instead of this additional vertical channels 8a can also blind holes 15th be provided.

In Fig. 12 it can be seen that the corner stones 16 on their undersides in each case a recess open to the edge of one of its side faces have, which forms the transverse opening 10 through which the Reinforcement loop 7 of the second wall panel 2 'with its loop opening engages in the vertical channel 8a of the corner stone 16. In Fig. 9 can be seen that in the vertical channel 8a of the corner stone a vertical rod 11 is arranged, the loop openings the reinforcement loops 7 penetrate. As with those previously described Embodiments is also in the embodiment 9 and 10 of the vertical channel with a sealing compound 12, especially filled with concrete. Should be mentioned that the four side surfaces 9 of the corner stone 16 are each flat are formed and that between the corner stones 16 and in the block row adjacent to the corner stones 16 adjacent Modules 3, a mortar joint 17 is provided, which a full frictional connection between the Eckseteinen 16 and the neighboring building blocks 3 produces. The Corner stones 16 can also be used in the manufacture of blackboard 2 180 ° with respect to their horizontal central axis Building blocks 3 of the blackboard 2 are connected. In this case the second wall panel 2 'is also 180 ° with respect to The central axis of the corner stones 16 is arranged offset. The cornerstones 16 can be profiled on at least one side surface, have a labyrinth or toothing. Of course the side surfaces of the corner stones 16 can also be flat be trained.

The assembly of the masonry 1 is explained below. First is a first prefabricated, with the vertical channels 8a, 8b and the transverse openings 10 provided wall panel 2 at the installation site positioned. This can be done, for example, by means of a crane or such hoists happen. The hoist points preferably a transport and assembly device with a Crossbeam on, straight extension over the blackboard the blackboard level is arranged. Can on the crossbar a plurality of straps can be arranged which the wall panel 2 in loop around and reach under. Instead of Ties or in addition to these can be attached to the crossbar but also expansion anchors can be arranged in the position of use engage in the vertical channels 8a, 8b of the blackboard 2 and during the transportation of the blackboard 2 by means of a suitable spreading or tensioning device on the lowest component layer of the blackboard 2 braced against the inner wall of the vertical channels 8a, 8b or are clamped. This type of attachment to the Wall panel 2 on a hoist is particularly advantageous viewed because they are easy to use the blackboard 2 allows.

After the first wall panel 2 is positioned at the installation site and in their location has been secured in a corresponding manner brought second wall panel 2 'to the installation site. This blackboard 2 ' is positioned on the first wall panel 2 so that the Reinforcement loops 7 of the wall panel 2 'with their loop openings through the transverse openings 10 of the first wall panel 2 in the adjacent vertical channel 8a, 8b of the first wall panel 2 intervention. Then the second wall panel 2 'by means of the hoist lowered a bit and brought the final assembly position. there can the reinforcement loops 7 of the second wall panel 2 ' the walls of the transverse openings and / or the reinforcement bars 6 the first blackboard 2 come into contact and with their free Ends from the through the reinforcement bars 6 of the second wall panel 2 'Swing the spanned plane up slightly. after the wall panels 2, 2 'to be connected to one another in the assembly position are positioned and secured, the transport and Mounting device removed.

In the vertical channel 8a, 8b of the first wall panel 2 is vertical from above, the vertical rod 11 inserted such that it Loop openings of the reinforcement loops 7 of the wall panel 2 ' interspersed. Then grout in the vertical channel 8a, 8b 12 filled in such a way that both the vertical channel 8a, 8b also the transverse openings 10 at the level of the bed joints 5 completely be filled with mortar. One possibly at the junction assembly joint remaining between the wall panels 2, 2 ' is sealed with mortar, for example using a Pump can be pressed into the joint. The assembly joint enables length compensation between two wall elements 2, 2 'or between a wall element 2, 2' and adjacent to it Cornerstones 16 (Fig. 9). Of course, the blackboards can 2, 2 'and / or the corner stones 16 but also crunched.

If necessary, the in further vertical channels 8a, 8b Wall panels 2, 2 'additionally introduced vertical rods 11 and corresponding vertical channels 8a, 8b with mortar or potting compound 12 can be filled. The vertical bars 11 can optionally protrude with its upper end from the wall panel 2, 2 ' and there, for example, be angled by 90 ° to one Anchoring for an in-situ concrete ceiling to be applied to the masonry 1 to build. If necessary, additional wall panels 2 can be used the masonry 1 are connected.

Installation lines can be installed in one or more of the vertical ducts pulled in, such as pipes, cables and / or Hoses. Overall, this results in an easy to assemble rigid masonry 1, which is compared to a conventional Masonry, in which the building blocks are bricked up individually on site a significantly shorter construction time. Since the Wall panels 2, 2 'can be manufactured industrially, can Masonry 1 can be manufactured with greater precision than conventional masonry.

In summary, this results in a masonry 1, at least has two prefabricated wall panels 2, 2 ', each several have rows of blocks arranged one above the other. In the mortar or adhesive filled bed joints 5 and one above the other Rows of reinforcement bars 6 are arranged in there provided storage slots of the blocks 3 and in Direction of extension of the rows of blocks. The blackboards 2, 2 'have vertical channels 8a, 8b, which are the building blocks inside push through. At least one of the wall panels 2, 2 'points to one their side faces opposite the building blocks 3 of the wall panel 2, 2 'protruding reinforcement loops formed by the reinforcing bars 6 7, each with its loop openings in one Intervene vertical channel 8a, 8b of an adjacent wall panel. The Vertical channel 8a, 8b of the adjacent wall panel 2, 2 'is for this connected to transverse openings 10 through which the reinforcing bars 7 engage in the vertical channel 8a, 8b. The loop openings the reinforcing bars 7 are of at least one in the vertical channel 8a, 8b arranged vertical rod 11 passes through. The Vertical channels 8a, 8b and the transverse openings 10 are with a Potting compound 12 filled.

Claims (11)

Masonry (1), with at least two prefabricated wall panels, each of which has several rows of blocks (3), in particular sand-lime bricks, which are arranged one above the other, with reinforcing bars extending at least over the entire length of these block rows in at least one bearing joint (5) between rows of blocks (6) are provided, which lie in the longitudinal slots (4) provided there of the building blocks (3), the reinforcing bars (6) being at least partially surrounded by a mortar or adhesive layer connecting the building blocks (3) one above the other, and at least one the wall panels (2, 2 ') have reinforcement loops (7) protruding from the building blocks (3) of the wall panel (2, 2') and formed by the reinforcement bars (6) on at least one of their end faces, the loop openings of which are at least one vertical bar (11 ) are interspersed, with the reinforcement loops (7) and the vertical bar (11) in M mortar, concrete or the like potting compound (12) are embedded, characterized in that the wall panels (2, 2 ') vertical channels (8a, 8b), which penetrate the blocks (3) at a distance from the side surfaces (9) in the interior, that the reinforcement loops (7) of at least one wall panel (2, 2 ') each engage with their loop openings in a vertical channel (8a, 8b) of an adjacent wall panel (2', 2), that the building block adjacent to the reinforcement loop (7) (3) this wall panel (2 ', 2) has a transverse opening (10) which extends at least as far as the vertical channel (8a, 8b) and is penetrated by the reinforcement loop (7), and that the at least one vertical rod (11 ) is arranged within the vertical channel (8a, 8b) filled with the sealing compound (12). Masonry (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that reinforcement bars (6) are arranged in at least one bearing joint (5) on both sides of at least one vertical channel (8a) passing through the bearing joint (5), and in that the vertical channel (8a) connected to this (4a) n) transverse opening (s) (10) for the engagement of the reinforcement loop (s) (7) is (are) arranged on the end face of the wall panel (2, 2 '). Masonry (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the longitudinal central axis of at least one vertical channel (8a) penetrating the space between at least two reinforcement bars (6) located in a bearing joint approximately in the direction of extension of the wall panel (2, 2 ') extending vertical vertical plane (13) is arranged. Masonry (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least one vertical channel (8b) is arranged relative to the reinforcing bars (6) lying in at least one bearing joint (5) such that these reinforcing bars (6) are on the same side of the vertical channel (8b) and that the transverse opening (s) (10) connected to the vertical channel (8b) is (are) arranged on the side of the vertical channel (8b) opposite the reinforcing bars (6). Masonry (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the inner vertical channels (8a) penetrating the spaces between the reinforcing bars (6) arranged in each case in a bearing joint (5) to the adjacent outer vertical channels running outside of these spaces (8b) are arranged offset in the direction of extension of the wall panel (2, 2 '), and that the planes spanned by the normal to the extension plane of the wall panel (2, 2') and the longitudinal central axis of the inner vertical channels (8a) are preferably equally far from each other the outer vertical channels (8b) adjacent to these planes are spaced apart. Masonry (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the wall panels (2, 2 ') each have external vertical channels (8b) transversely to their plane of extension on both sides of the reinforcement bar spaces, and that these are preferably symmetrical to the direction of extension of the wall panel (2, 2 ') extending the vertical vertical plane of the blackboard are arranged. Masonry (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the inner vertical channels (8a, 8b) on the one hand and the outer vertical channels (8a, 8b) on the other hand have different cross-sectional dimensions and that the inner vertical channels (8a, 8b) in particular have one have a smaller cross-section or diameter than the outer ones. Masonry (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the longitudinal slots (4) are arranged on the top of the building blocks (3). Masonry (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the inner and / or outer vertical channels (8a, 8b) are arranged in a grid, that the grid spacing oriented in the direction of extension of the rows of blocks adjacent to one another and inner and / or outer vertical channels (8a, 8b) corresponds to an integer fraction of the length (L) of a full building block, and that the building blocks (3) of adjacent rows of building blocks of the wall panels (2, 2 ') extend in the direction of extension of the building block rows by the grid spacing or a Integer multiples thereof are arranged offset from one another in such a way that the sections of the inner and / or outer vertical channels (8a, 8b) passing through the building blocks (3) are aligned with one another. Masonry (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that at least two wall panels (2, 2 ') are connected at an angle to one another in such a way that the reinforcement loops (7) of a first wall panel (2, 2') through them one of the flat sides of a second wall panel (2 ', 2) provided transverse openings (10) engage in a vertical channel (8a, 8b) of this second wall panel (2', 2), that the longitudinal central axis of this vertical channel (8a, 8b) is parallel to one another the reinforcement bars (6) connected to the ends of the reinforcement loops (7) of the first wall panel (2, 2 ') are spaced centrally between these vertical median planes and that the reinforcement loops (7) are laterally opposite the vertical median plane to the vertical channel (8a, 8b) are bent off. Masonry (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that a first of two wall panels (2, 2 ') connected to one another at a corner connection has corner stones (16) with an approximately square outline in the area of the corner connection, that the corner stones ( 16) longitudinal slots (4) for the engagement of the reinforcing bars (6) of the first wall panel (2, 2 ') have that at least one vertical channel (8a, 8b) passes through the corner stones (16) at a distance from their side surfaces inside, that the with this vertical channel (8a, 8b) connected by the reinforcement loops (7) of the second wall panel (2 ', 2) penetrating transverse openings (10) are formed by recesses arranged on the bottom and / or top of the corner stones (16) and that the at least one vertical bar (11) passing through the loop openings is arranged within the vertical channel (8a, 8b) of the corner stones (16).

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