EP1180915B1 - Elément chauffant - Google Patents

Elément chauffant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1180915B1
EP1180915B1 EP20010103783 EP01103783A EP1180915B1 EP 1180915 B1 EP1180915 B1 EP 1180915B1 EP 20010103783 EP20010103783 EP 20010103783 EP 01103783 A EP01103783 A EP 01103783A EP 1180915 B1 EP1180915 B1 EP 1180915B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating element
conductive
layer
element according
conductive layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP20010103783
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1180915A2 (fr
EP1180915A3 (fr
Inventor
Michael Weiss
Markus Dr. Hugenschmidt
Ferdinand Schuller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
WET Automotive Systems AG
Original Assignee
WET Automotive Systems AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19939174A external-priority patent/DE19939174A1/de
Application filed by WET Automotive Systems AG filed Critical WET Automotive Systems AG
Publication of EP1180915A2 publication Critical patent/EP1180915A2/fr
Publication of EP1180915A3 publication Critical patent/EP1180915A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1180915B1 publication Critical patent/EP1180915B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/84—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/28—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H05B3/286—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material the insulating material being an organic material, e.g. plastic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a heating element according to the preamble of Claim 1. It has a heating foil, which has a carrier layer and Has conductive layer. Under the carrier layer, a flat structure becomes one understood electrically non-conductive material. This can be woven, knitted and nonwovens - but especially films. Under heating element subsequently understood a heating foil with electrical connections. It can however also additional components such as Cushions and / or Sensors included.
  • Heating elements with heatable fabrics made of graphite fibers are known. These have good functionality. However, the disadvantage is the relative complex production and therefore its high price.
  • Electric blankets are also known in which an aluminum foil is used as the heating element is used.
  • the problem here is that this film is mechanical only low load and is therefore not suitable for many purposes. this applies even if the aluminum foil is covered with a plastic foil.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide an inexpensive, safe, to provide flexible and controlled heating element. This is with fulfills the features of claim 1.
  • At least one slot (13) has at least one connection point (14) is provided, on which at least two are arranged together Guide strips (12) at areas spaced from their respective ends (15) are electrically conductive with each other and at which the connected Guiding strip (12) even without electrical connection when operating the Heating element would have substantially the same potential. This increases the mechanical strength and manageability of the heating element.
  • the conductive layer of the heating foil is a metal layer deposited on the carrier layer.
  • Such a heating element has a high fire and Short-circuit safety. Should inadvertently short circuit at any point occur, the extreme thinness of the conductive layer leads to local burning the leading layer. This causes self-healing because this way a short circuit is immediately canceled.
  • the conductive layer of the heating foil at least form an interconnect has at least one recess to the flow of a Direct current through the conductive layer. It is also planned that at least one interconnect has at least one slot around the river to direct a current through the interconnect.
  • the temperature distribution and the power density can be influence in the heating foil. If the current is in multiple interconnects and / or conductive strip flows, becomes a current concentration and thus avoid overheating on the inside of bends. simultaneously reliability of the heating element is ensured by the redundancy of the interconnects and / or guiding strips increased.
  • the film is in the seat used in a vehicle seat, the film does not wrinkle, but folds controls along the slots. This results in higher seating comfort.
  • the Film can also spread to larger loads without overstretching adjust the slots.
  • the recesses and Slit moisture through the film For example, this is useful for air conditioning the seat.
  • connection point (14) is provided at which at least two are located together arranged guide strips (12) at a distance from their respective ends (15) Areas are electrically connected to each other by the connection points do not cut through the conductive layer (3) and on the connected guide strips (12) even without an electrical connection have essentially the same potential during operation of the heating element would. This simplifies the handling of the cut heating element assembly.
  • the carrier layer made of plastic, especially polyester, PI, PA, PP or PC, or paper, and that the conductive layer on the carrier layer is evaporated, sputtered or galvanized. This serves as a guarantee sufficient resistance to various media, e.g. Sweat or lemonade, as well as UV light and ensuring a low one Producer price.
  • the conductive layer should also be made of copper for price reasons his. However, it can also be made of aluminum, silver or nickel, for example be made.
  • High stability and functionality result especially when the thickness of the Heating film between 10 and 300 microns, especially between 20 and 150 microns, and the thickness of the conductive layer between 0.05 pm and 10 microns, in particular between 0.05 ⁇ m and 1 ⁇ m.
  • the stretchability of the heating foil is relatively large, and therefore greater than the ductility of a metal foil of the same thickness - and if the conductive layer is covered by a cover layer.
  • At least two guiding strips each have approximately the same total length. If several interconnects are provided, it is advisable that at least two interconnects each have approximately the same total length.
  • the width and / or the thickness at least one guiding strip or one guideway varies over its longitudinal course. This allows areas with higher or lower temperatures set specifically.
  • the heating foil in the seat and / or Backrest surface of a vehicle seat is integrated. Because of their easy processability the film is well suited for this purpose.
  • the heating element it is advantageous if at least a part of the conductive layer is not used or not only for heating but the power supply of further electrical functional elements, in particular of sensors.
  • the carrier layer and the top layer at the edges at least one slot or recess integrally with one another are connected. This prevents corrosion of the conductive layer.
  • the backing layer and / or the Cover layer also completely at least one slot or a recess cover.
  • Fig. 1 shows a cross section of a preferred embodiment of a heating foil 1 of a heating element.
  • the heating foil 1 has a carrier layer 2.
  • This Carrier layer 2 is made of an electrically non-conductive, elastic, smooth, tensile and kink-resistant material. In the embodiment, this is used Plastic - namely polyester - used.
  • a thin, electrically conductive conductive layer 3 is deposited on the carrier layer 2.
  • This L eit Anlagen 3 is preferably made of a metal, in particular Copper. It is expediently vapor-deposited. Its thickness is in Embodiment 0.1 microns.
  • the cover layer 4 On the side of the conductive layer 3 facing away from the carrier layer 2 there is a cover layer 4 applied.
  • the cover layer 4 consists of the same material as the carrier layer 2. It is by pressing with the Conductor layer 3 connected.
  • the function of the cover layer 4 is to protect the conductive layer 3 from corrosion protect. At the same time, it is intended to prevent the conductive layer 3 from buckling and scratching. This is ensured, among other things, by the fact that the larger Film thickness of the bending radius is limited.
  • FIG. 2 shows a heating element in which a heating foil 1 on two each other opposite edge regions has contact regions 16. This are connected via terminals 17 to a power source, not shown.
  • metallic bands are provided, which over their Entire length electrically connected to the conductive layer 3 of the heating film 1 are.
  • the current is fed from a connection 17 into the heating foil 1 over the entire length of the one contact area 16. It then flows over the entire width of the heating foil 1 to the opposite contact area 16.
  • the length and width of the heating foil 1 and the thickness of the conductive layer 3 determine the performance of the heating element.
  • length is understood to mean the distance between the two contact areas 16, and width is the extent of the film lying perpendicularly in the film plane.
  • the power density of the present exemplary embodiment is between 1 and 10 W / dm 2 .
  • Figure 3 shows a second embodiment of a heating element.
  • the heating element has a heating foil 1. This shows on one of its lateral edge areas two contact areas 16. The two contact areas 16 are included spaced apart and separated from one another by a recess 11. At each of these contact areas 16, the conductive layer 3 is not one shown power source connected.
  • the conductive layer 3 is divided by recesses 11 around a conductive path 10 to build. This connects the two contact areas 16 in a tortuous, continuous loop electrically conductive with each other.
  • the interconnect 10 can thereby, as in the exemplary embodiment, essentially the entire area of the Cover the heating foil.
  • the guideway 10 is in turn subdivided into several guiding strips 12.
  • the guiding lines 12 run essentially parallel to the interconnect 10 and thus parallel to the direction of current flow. They are separated from one another by slots 13.
  • the current flows through a contact area 16 the interconnect 10 in to the other contact area 16 and thereby heats the heating foil 1.
  • the subdivision of the interconnect 10 into several conductive strips 12 has the effect that the Current evenly distributed over changes in direction of the interconnect 10 the entire width of the interconnect 10 flows. Otherwise, there would be a bend the conductor 10 a current concentration and thus overheating at the Occur inside the bend.
  • An approximately equal total length of the guide strips 12 causes the same resistance of the individual guiding strips 12. This also serves a uniform Current distribution on the individual guiding strips and an even temperature distribution.
  • Fig. 4 essentially corresponds to the design of Fig. 3. In the present embodiment, however, are junctions 14 provided. These connect guiding strips 12 arranged with one another. The connection points 14 are arranged at positions at which the interconnected guiding strips 12 are similar without connection would have electrical potential. The connection points are in Embodiment manufactured so that a cut at these points the conductive layer 3 as in the recesses 11 and the slots 13 was waived.
  • connection points 14 are spaced in the course of the guide strips 12 and arranged to the ends 15 of the guide strips 12.
  • the heating foil is also suitable for use in particular in car seats.
  • it can be integrated in the seat surface and / or backrest surface. This can for example below the seat cover or in the upholstery of the seat respectively.
  • it is also conceivable to combine them with the seat cover or to replace the seat cover with the film itself.
  • Sensors can also be provided in the seat.
  • the leading layer can in this case can be used to supply the sensors with power and forward their signals.
  • Either the heating conductor can be used for this or separate interconnects are created.
  • These sensors can, for example serve for temperature measurement or pressure measurement.
  • the conductive layer 3 can also by galvanizing or by vapor deposition Similar chemical or physical processes are deposited on the carrier layer 2 become.
  • connection between the conductive layer 3 and the carrier layer 2 can also be achieved by Glue or the like can be produced.
  • the cover layer 4 can be made of a different material than the carrier layer 2 z. B. consist of a lacquer coating. It would also be conceivable for the top layer 4 omitted.
  • the film can be perforated or the Width of the slots can be increased.
  • interconnect 10 instead of one interconnect 10, several interconnects could also be provided.
  • the guiding strips 12 could in turn be further subdivided. The principle the same size resistances due to the same total lengths can also be found here apply.
  • the slots 11 could take the form of larger recesses. Thereby the area coverage of the conductive layer 3 can be significantly less and than Area used heating area, for example, only 50% of the heating foil area be.
  • the recesses 11 and slots 13 can the heating film 1 in its entirety Penetrate thick.
  • the carrier layer 2 and / or the cover layer 4 can handle the recesses 11 and slots 13, however, also completely cover. In these Areas the carrier layer 2 and the cover layer 4 could e.g. by gluing also be integrally connected.
  • the structuring of the conductive layer 3 can be carried out using conventional methods, such as, for. B. Cutting, done.

Landscapes

  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Élément chauffant comprenant un film chauffant (1) qui présente une couche porteuse (2) non conductrice d'électricité et une couche conductrice (3), la couche conductrice (3) étant une couche de métal précipitée sur la couche porteuse (2) et la couche conductrice (3) du film chauffant (1) présentant au moins un creux (11) pour former au moins une piste conductrice (10) afin de dévier de manière ciblée le flux d'un courant à travers la couche conductrice (3), et au moins une piste conductrice (10) présentant au moins une fente (13) afin de dévier de manière ciblée le flux d'un courant à travers la piste conductrice (10) et afin de former des bandes conductrices (12), caractérisé en ce que sur au moins une fente (13) est prévu au moins un point de liaison (14) au niveau duquel au moins deux bandes conductrices (12) disposées l'une près de l'autre se trouvent en liaison électrique l'une avec l'autre au niveau de zones écartées de leurs extrémités (15) respectives, en ce qu'un sectionnement de la couche conductrice (3) n'a pas lieu au niveau des points de liaison et où les bandes conductrices (12) reliées peuvent présenter essentiellement le même potentiel lors du fonctionnement de l'élément chauffant, même sans liaison électrique.
  2. Élément chauffant selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins deux pistes conductrices (10) présentent approximativement la même longueur totale et/ou qu'au moins deux bandes conductrices (12) présentent à chaque fois approximativement la même longueur totale.
  3. Élément chauffant selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la couche porteuse (2) est en matière plastique, notamment en polyester, PI, PA, PP ou PC ou en papier et que la couche conductrice (3) est métallisée sous vide, pulvérisée ou galvanisée sur la couche porteuse (2).
  4. Élément chauffant selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la couche conductrice (3) est en cuivre, en aluminium, en argent, en or ou en nickel.
  5. Élément chauffant selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'épaisseur du film chauffant (1) est comprise entre 10 et 300 µm, notamment entre 20 et 150 µm, et l'épaisseur de la couche conductrice (3) est comprise entre 0,05 µm et 10 µm, notamment entre 0,05 µm et 1 µm.
  6. Élément chauffant selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'expansibilité du film chauffant (1) est supérieure à l'expansibilité d'un film métallique de même épaisseur et que la couche conductrice (3) est recouverte d'une couche de protection (4).
  7. Élément chauffant selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la fente (13) ou les creux (11) s'étendent perpendiculairement aux sens de la charge d'expansion mécanique.
  8. Élément chauffant selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la largeur et/ou l'épaisseur d'au moins une bande conductrice (12) ou d'une piste conductrice (10) varie sur sa longueur afin d'obtenir une adaptation locale de la puissance surfacique.
  9. Élément chauffant selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la couche porteuse (2) et la couche de protection (4) sont reliées entre elles par assemblage des matériaux au niveau des bords d'au moins une fente (13) ou d'un creux (11).
  10. Élément chauffant selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la couche porteuse (2) et/ou la couche de protection (4) recouvrent aussi complètement au moins une fente (13) ou un creux (11).
  11. Élément chauffant selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une partie de la couche conductrice (3) sert à l'alimentation électrique d'autres éléments fonctionnels électriques, notamment des capteurs.
  12. Siège de véhicule avec une surface de siège et/ou une surface de dossier, caractérisé en ce qu'un élément chauffant selon l'une des revendications précédentes est intégré dans la surface de siège et/ou la surface de dossier.
EP20010103783 1999-08-20 2001-02-16 Elément chauffant Expired - Lifetime EP1180915B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19939174A DE19939174A1 (de) 1999-08-20 1999-08-20 Heizelement
JP2000247612 2000-08-17
JP2000247612A JP2001110554A (ja) 1999-08-20 2000-08-17 加熱素子
US09/642,167 US6686562B1 (en) 1999-08-20 2000-08-18 Heating element
US642167 2000-08-18

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1180915A2 EP1180915A2 (fr) 2002-02-20
EP1180915A3 EP1180915A3 (fr) 2002-06-19
EP1180915B1 true EP1180915B1 (fr) 2004-05-19

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ID=27219266

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20010103783 Expired - Lifetime EP1180915B1 (fr) 1999-08-20 2001-02-16 Elément chauffant

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EP (1) EP1180915B1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10259110B3 (de) * 2002-12-18 2004-07-22 Saint-Gobain Glass Deutschland Gmbh Plattenelement mit einer Schichtheizung
DE102004018109B3 (de) * 2004-04-14 2005-06-16 Saint-Gobain Glass Deutschland Gmbh Plattenelement mit einer elektrischen Leiterstruktur

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2186769A (en) * 1985-12-26 1987-08-19 Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd Conductive glass plate
DE4321474C2 (de) * 1993-06-28 1996-05-23 Ruthenberg Gmbh Waermetechnik Flächenheizelement

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1180915A2 (fr) 2002-02-20
EP1180915A3 (fr) 2002-06-19

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