EP1180776A1 - Schnelle mechanische Schaltstelle - Google Patents
Schnelle mechanische Schaltstelle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1180776A1 EP1180776A1 EP00810722A EP00810722A EP1180776A1 EP 1180776 A1 EP1180776 A1 EP 1180776A1 EP 00810722 A EP00810722 A EP 00810722A EP 00810722 A EP00810722 A EP 00810722A EP 1180776 A1 EP1180776 A1 EP 1180776A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- bridge contact
- switching point
- contact
- bridge
- central axis
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005520 electrodynamics Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/06—Contacts characterised by the shape or structure of the contact-making surface, e.g. grooved
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
- H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
- H01H1/20—Bridging contacts
- H01H1/2041—Rotating bridge
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
- H01H3/22—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
- H01H3/222—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using electrodynamic repulsion
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
- H01H3/22—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
- H01H3/222—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using electrodynamic repulsion
- H01H2003/225—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using electrodynamic repulsion with coil contact, i.e. the movable contact itself forms a secondary coil in which the repulsing current is induced by an operating current in a stationary coil
Definitions
- the invention is based on a switching point of a high or Medium-voltage switch according to the preamble of claim 1.
- Such switches are in the high or medium voltage level as mechanical On switch or as mechanical off switch with an arc duration of used at most a few 100 ⁇ s.
- the switching point of a high or medium voltage switch contains two fixed ones Switch pieces, which are cylindrical and coaxially one inside the other form an annular gap.
- a movable, designed in the form of a contact ring Bridge switching piece is in the closed state of the switching point in the ring-shaped Gap fitted.
- On both sides of the contact ring are coils of an electrodynamic Drive arranged to move the contact ring in the axial direction.
- the object of the invention is as set out in the claims based on specifying a switching point of the type mentioned, which quickly and can be opened and closed with little energy.
- a disc-shaped one closes Bridge contact piece two fixed contact pieces short in nominal current direction.
- the Bridge contact is around its own, perpendicular to the nominal current direction Center axis rotatably arranged.
- the one to form a pair of forces electrodynamic, rotary contact drive necessary eddy currents induced in the movable bridge contact.
- the energy to be applied for the rotary movement of the bridge contact is less than with translationally moving contact pieces of comparable switching points. This reduces the energy required to open and close the Switching.
- the switching point with the rotating moving contact piece can be dielectric make optimal use of it, since the fixed contact pieces are made rounder can be used as switching points with translationally moved contact pieces.
- FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the switching point according to the invention of a high or medium voltage switch for a nominal current I N in the range from 10 to a few 1,000 A.
- the fixed contact pieces 1 and 2 together with the electrically conductive bridge contact piece 3 form the nominal current path I N.
- the bridge contact is disc-shaped and fitted between the two fixed contact pieces.
- the bridge contact piece 3 is rotatably mounted about the central axis A normal to the nominal current direction I N.
- the bridge contact piece 3 is made of a light metal, in particular aluminum.
- the contact points to the fixed contact pieces 1 and 2 are preferably formed from good electrical contact materials, for example silver.
- the distance between the fixed contact pieces 1 and 2 is 10 to a few 10 mm.
- the cross section normal to the nominal current direction of the bridge contact 3 is determined by the nominal current I N and by the current density permitted in the bridge contact.
- the length in the nominal current direction and thus the distance between the two fixed contact pieces 1 and 2 is predetermined by the maximum voltage occurring during operation and the insulation medium present.
- Possible insulating media are air or SF 6 at atmospheric or elevated pressure.
- the first coil 5 is for opening the Switching point
- the second coil 6 is provided for closing the switching point.
- the Coils include the bridge contact 3 and contain several (e.g. 6-8) Turns.
- the coil for opening the switching point 5 is guided on one side of the central axis A below and on the other side above the bridge contact. These two coil sections 5 1 and 5 2 running parallel to the central axis A are not mechanically connected to the bridge contact 3 and are also electrically insulated from the latter. In order to ensure optimal drive with as little energy as possible, the coil sections 5 1 and 5 2 are arranged as close as possible to the bridge contact 3 and in the region of the ends of the bridge contact 3 facing the fixed contact 1 and 2 when the switching point is closed.
- the coil for closing the switching point 6 is also guided on one side of the central axis A above and on the other side below the bridge contact.
- These two coil sections 6 1 and 6 2 running parallel to the central axis A are likewise not mechanically connected to the bridge contact 3 and are electrically insulated from it.
- the coil sections 6 1 and 6 2 are arranged as close as possible to the bridge contact 3 and also in the region of the ends of the bridge contact 3 in the open state of the switching point.
- the two coils 5 and 6 are essentially mirrored with respect to the bridge contact and are arranged in a rotationally offset manner about the central axis A.
- the coil sections 5 1 and 6 1 and 5 2 and 6 2 essentially limit the rotational movement range of the bridge contact piece 3.
- the coils 5 and 6 can be designed so wide that they act practically on the entire bridge contact piece.
- the coil 5 can extend, for example, in width from the fixed formwork piece 1 to the axis of rotation A.
- insulation bodies 7 in particular a fixed contact piece 1 rsp. 2 with the corresponding coil sections on the same side of the bridge contact 5 1 and 6 2 rsp. 5 2 and 6 1 firmly connected by means of an insulation body 7.
- a power electronic control unit 9, as shown in FIG. 5, is provided for controlling the coils 5 and 6.
- the control unit 9 essentially contains a charging device Q, a drive capacitor C O rsp per coil. C S and a thyristor T O rsp. T S. To improve the drive efficiency, a free-wheeling diode D O rsp. D S be inserted into the drive circuit.
- a free-wheeling diode D O rsp. D S be inserted into the drive circuit.
- Such circuits can sometimes be found in the mentioned application EP 99810596.9.
- the opening process of the switching point is shown in Fig. 2.
- the bridge contact piece 3 is fitted between the fixed contact pieces.
- the drive capacitor C O is discharged via the coil 5.
- the resulting drive current I O is typically a half-wave with some 1,000 A current peak at a frequency of some 1000 Hz.
- Fig. 2 shows the driving current flows in the lower coil portion 5 1 backwards (I O1) and in the upper coil section 5 2 forward (I O2 ). In this case, eddy currents are induced in the bridge contact piece through which the nominal current I N is still flowing, and are essentially directed in the opposite direction to the drive current.
- the eddy currents I P1 caused by the drive current flowing backwards in the lower coil section I O1 thus flow to the front, the eddy currents I P2 caused by the drive current flowing in the lower coil section I O2 to the rear.
- the resulting pair of forces F O1 and F O2 sets the bridge contact piece 3 in a clockwise rotational movement.
- the bridge contact piece 3 detaches from the fixed contact pieces 1 and 2 with the formation of two arcs and moves rotationally around the central axis A.
- the bridge contact piece is first braked by a mechanical braking and holding device 4, for example by mechanical friction, and then held.
- the switching point has thus reached the open state.
- the angle of rotation is predetermined by the dielectric strength to be achieved and is in the range of 30-90 °, preferably approximately 60 °.
- the closing process of the switching point is shown in Fig. 3.
- the bridge contact piece 3 is held by the holding device 4.
- the drive capacitor C S is discharged via the coil 6.
- the resulting drive current I S is typically a half-wave with a few 1,000 A current peak at a frequency of a few 1,000 Hz.
- the drive current flows to the rear in the lower coil section 6 2 (I S2 ) and in the upper coil section 6 1 forward (I S1 ). Eddy currents are again induced in the bridge contact 3, which are essentially directed in the opposite direction to the drive current.
- the eddy currents I T2 caused by the backward flowing drive current in the lower coil section I S2 thus flow forward, the eddy currents I T1 caused by the forward flowing drive current in the lower coil section I S1 .
- the resulting pair of forces F S1 and F S2 sets the bridge contact 3 in a counterclockwise rotary movement.
- the bridge contact 3 detaches from the holding device 4 and rotates about the central axis A.
- the bridge contact 3 rotates until it is braked by the fixed contact pieces and then held.
- the switching point is closed again and the nominal current I N flows through the bridge contact 3.
Landscapes
- Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
- Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
- Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)
- Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- Fig. 1
- eine Ansicht einer Schaltstelle nach der Erfindung im geschlossenen Zustand mit zwei feststehenden Schaltstücken und einem dazwischenliegenden Brückenschaltstück,
- Fig. 2
- eine Ansicht in Pfeilrichtung auf einen entlang II-II geführten Schnitt durch die Schaltstelle nach Fig.1 in geschlossenem Zustand beim Öffnen der Schaltstelle,
- Fig. 3
- eine Ansicht auf die Schaltstelle nach Fig.2 in geöffneten Zustand beim Schliessen der Schaltstelle,
- Fig. 4
- eine Ansicht in Pfeilrichtung auf einen entlang IV-IV geführten Schnitt durch ein feststehendes Schaltstück der Schaltstelle nach Fig. 3, und
- Fig. 5
- eine schematische Darstellung der Steuerelektronik zum Steuern der Schaltstelle nach Fig. 1.
- 1,2
- Feststehende Schaltststücke
- 3
- Brückenschaltstück
- 4
- Haltevorrichtung
- 5
- Antriebsspule zum Öffnen der Schaltstelle
- 51, 52
- Parallel zur Mittelachse verlaufende Spulenabschnitte
- 6
- Antriebsspule zum Schliessen der Schaltstelle
- 61, 62
- Parallel zur Mittelachse verlaufende Spulenabschnitte
- 7
- Isolationskörper
- 9
- Leistungselektronische Steuereinheit
- A
- Mittelachse, Rotationsachse
- CO, CS
- Antriebskondensatoren
- DO, DS
- Freilaufdioden
- FO1, FO2
- Kraft auf Brückenschaltstück beim Öffnen der Schaltstelle
- FS1, FS2
- Kraft auf Brückenschaltstück beim Schliessen der Schaltstelle
- IN
- Nennstromrichtung
- IO1, IO2
- Antriebsstrom zum Öffnen der Schaltstelle
- IP1, IP2
- Induzierte Wirbelströme beim Öffnen der Schaltstelle
- IS1, IS2
- Antriebsstrom zum Schliessen der Schaltstelle
- IT1, IT2
- Induzierte Wirbelströme beim Schliessen der Schaltstelle
- Q
- Ladeeinrichtung
- TO, TS
- Thyristor
Claims (5)
- Schaltstelle eines Hoch- oder Mittelspannungsschalters, enthaltenddadurch gekennzeichnet, dasszwei feststehende Schaltstücke (1, 2),ein bewegliches, elektrisch leitendes Brückenschaltstück (3), welches im geschlossenen Zustand der Schaltstelle zwischen den feststehenden Schaltstücken (1, 2) eingepasst ist und diese in Nennstromrichtung (IN) kurzschliesst, undeinen Antrieb zum Bewegen des Brückenschaltstücks (3), welcher mindestens zwei, den Bewegungsbereich des Brückenschaltstücks (3) zumindest teilweise begrenzend angeordneten Spulen (5, 6) und eine leistungselektronische Steuereinheit (9) zur Speisung der Spulen (5, 6) umfasst,die feststehenden Schaltstücke (1, 2) im wesentlichen symmetrisch zueinander bezüglich einer normal zur Nennstromrichtung (IN) verlaufenden Mittelachse (A) des Brückenschaltstücks (3) ausgebildet und angeordnet sind, und dassdas Brückenschaltstück (3) zum Öffnen und Schliessen der Schaltstelle um die Mittelachse (A) rotierbar angeordnet ist.
- Schaltstelle nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dassdas Brückenschaltstück (3) in Nennstromrichtung (IN) und in Richtung der Mittelachse (A) plattenförmig ausgedehnt ist.
- Schaltstelle nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dasszwei gegenüber dem Brückenschaltstück (3) elektrisch isolierte, parallel zur Mittelachse (A) verlaufende Spulenabschnitte (51, 52) einer ersten der beiden Spulen (5) bezüglich des Brückenschaltstücks (3) im geschlossenen Zustand der Schaltstelle jeweilsim Bereich gegenüberliegender Enden des Brückenschaltstücks undentgegen der Rotationsrichtung des Brückenschaltstücks beim Öffnen der Schaltstelle versetzt auf gegenüberliegenden Seiten des Brückenschaltstücks (3)
angeordnet sind, und dasszwei gegenüber dem Brückenschaltstück (3) elektrisch isolierte, parallel zur Mittelachse (A) verlaufende Spulenabschnitte (61, 62) der zweiten Spule (6) bezüglich des Brückenschaltstücks (3) im offenen Zustand der Schaltstelle jeweilsim Bereich gegenüberliegender Enden des Brückenschaltstücks undin Rotationsrichtung des Brückenschaltstücks beim Öffnen der Schaltstelle versetzt auf gegenüberliegenden Seiten des Brückenschaltstücks (3)
angeordnet sind. - Schaltstelle nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dassim Bereich der den Bewegungsbereich des Brückenschaltstücks (3) beim Öffnen der Schaltstelle begrenzenden Spule (6) eine Haltevorrichtung (4) zum Festhalten des Brückenschaltstücks (3) im offenen Zustand der Schaltstelle angeordnet ist.
- Schaltstelle nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dassdie feststehenden Schaltstücke (1, 2) je mindestens einen, vom Brückenschaltstück (3) weg in Nennstromrichtung verlaufenden Schlitz (S) aufweisen.
Priority Applications (8)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE50013565T DE50013565D1 (de) | 2000-08-15 | 2000-08-15 | Schnelle mechanische Schaltstelle |
| ES00810722T ES2273658T3 (es) | 2000-08-15 | 2000-08-15 | Grupo mecanico de conmutacion rapida. |
| EP00810722A EP1180776B1 (de) | 2000-08-15 | 2000-08-15 | Schnelle mechanische Schaltstelle |
| AT00810722T ATE341824T1 (de) | 2000-08-15 | 2000-08-15 | Schnelle mechanische schaltstelle |
| KR1020010047866A KR20020014701A (ko) | 2000-08-15 | 2001-08-09 | 고속 기계 스위칭 포인트 |
| JP2001245151A JP2002117740A (ja) | 2000-08-15 | 2001-08-13 | 高速の機械的切換えポイント |
| CNB011254211A CN1211820C (zh) | 2000-08-15 | 2001-08-15 | 高压或中压开关的断口 |
| US09/929,029 US6636134B2 (en) | 2000-08-15 | 2001-08-15 | High-speed mechanical switching point |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP00810722A EP1180776B1 (de) | 2000-08-15 | 2000-08-15 | Schnelle mechanische Schaltstelle |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1180776A1 true EP1180776A1 (de) | 2002-02-20 |
| EP1180776B1 EP1180776B1 (de) | 2006-10-04 |
Family
ID=8174858
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP00810722A Expired - Lifetime EP1180776B1 (de) | 2000-08-15 | 2000-08-15 | Schnelle mechanische Schaltstelle |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6636134B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1180776B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2002117740A (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20020014701A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN1211820C (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE341824T1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE50013565D1 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2273658T3 (de) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE202011110140U1 (de) | 2011-07-09 | 2012-12-07 | Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh | Schaltelement und Laststufenschalter mit einem solchen Schaltelement |
| WO2013007437A1 (de) | 2011-07-09 | 2013-01-17 | Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh | Schaltelement und laststufenschalter mit einem solchen schaltelement |
| WO2023066526A1 (en) * | 2021-10-21 | 2023-04-27 | Eaton Intelligent Power Limited | Actuator with thomson coils |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2005067604A2 (en) * | 2004-01-05 | 2005-07-28 | Oqo Incorporated | Docking station for mobile computing device |
| US8890019B2 (en) | 2011-02-05 | 2014-11-18 | Roger Webster Faulkner | Commutating circuit breaker |
| WO2014048483A1 (en) * | 2012-09-28 | 2014-04-03 | Abb Technology Ag | Electrical switch with thomson coil drive |
| US11646575B2 (en) | 2018-10-24 | 2023-05-09 | The Florida State University Research Foundation, Inc. | Direct current hybrid circuit breaker with reverse biased voltage source |
| US11424093B2 (en) | 2018-10-24 | 2022-08-23 | The Florida State University Research Foundation, Inc. | Direct current hybrid circuit breaker with reverse biased voltage source |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1168235A (fr) * | 1955-12-28 | 1958-12-05 | Siemens Ag | Dispositif d'entraînement électrodynamique pour obtenir un mouvement de va-et-vient |
| EP0147036A1 (de) * | 1983-11-25 | 1985-07-03 | The Electricity Council | Einrichtung für Leistungsschalter |
| US5313180A (en) * | 1992-03-13 | 1994-05-17 | Merlin Gerin | Molded case circuit breaker contact |
| DE19629867A1 (de) * | 1996-07-24 | 1998-02-05 | Kloeckner Moeller Gmbh | Strombegrenzender Leistungsschalter |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1759933A (en) * | 1928-03-02 | 1930-05-27 | American Telephone & Telegraph | Contact-making device |
| US4134090A (en) * | 1976-03-22 | 1979-01-09 | Leach Corporation | Electromagnetic actuator for a relay |
| GB8321724D0 (en) * | 1983-08-12 | 1983-09-14 | Delta Acc & Domestic Switch | Switch mechanism |
| DD220846B5 (de) * | 1984-01-31 | 1994-05-05 | Oppach Schaltelektronik | Schaltsystemanordnung fuer elektromagnetische Schaltgeraete |
| EP0617449B1 (de) * | 1993-03-25 | 1997-10-22 | Schneider Electric Sa | Schaltgerät |
| JPH09321833A (ja) | 1996-05-28 | 1997-12-12 | Saitama Nippon Denki Kk | 携帯電話機 |
| ITMI981161A1 (it) * | 1998-05-26 | 1999-11-26 | Aeg Niederspannugstechnik Gmbh | Interruttore elettrico munito di complesso modulare di contatti consente differenti dimensioni di moduli unipolari di interruzione |
| US6396369B1 (en) * | 1999-08-27 | 2002-05-28 | General Electric Company | Rotary contact assembly for high ampere-rated circuit breakers |
-
2000
- 2000-08-15 AT AT00810722T patent/ATE341824T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-08-15 EP EP00810722A patent/EP1180776B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-08-15 ES ES00810722T patent/ES2273658T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-08-15 DE DE50013565T patent/DE50013565D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-08-09 KR KR1020010047866A patent/KR20020014701A/ko not_active Ceased
- 2001-08-13 JP JP2001245151A patent/JP2002117740A/ja active Pending
- 2001-08-15 CN CNB011254211A patent/CN1211820C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-08-15 US US09/929,029 patent/US6636134B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1168235A (fr) * | 1955-12-28 | 1958-12-05 | Siemens Ag | Dispositif d'entraînement électrodynamique pour obtenir un mouvement de va-et-vient |
| EP0147036A1 (de) * | 1983-11-25 | 1985-07-03 | The Electricity Council | Einrichtung für Leistungsschalter |
| US5313180A (en) * | 1992-03-13 | 1994-05-17 | Merlin Gerin | Molded case circuit breaker contact |
| DE19629867A1 (de) * | 1996-07-24 | 1998-02-05 | Kloeckner Moeller Gmbh | Strombegrenzender Leistungsschalter |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE202011110140U1 (de) | 2011-07-09 | 2012-12-07 | Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh | Schaltelement und Laststufenschalter mit einem solchen Schaltelement |
| WO2013007437A1 (de) | 2011-07-09 | 2013-01-17 | Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh | Schaltelement und laststufenschalter mit einem solchen schaltelement |
| WO2023066526A1 (en) * | 2021-10-21 | 2023-04-27 | Eaton Intelligent Power Limited | Actuator with thomson coils |
| US11908649B2 (en) | 2021-10-21 | 2024-02-20 | Eaton Intelligent Power Limited | Actuator with Thomson coils |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATE341824T1 (de) | 2006-10-15 |
| ES2273658T3 (es) | 2007-05-16 |
| JP2002117740A (ja) | 2002-04-19 |
| US20020056703A1 (en) | 2002-05-16 |
| CN1338764A (zh) | 2002-03-06 |
| KR20020014701A (ko) | 2002-02-25 |
| DE50013565D1 (de) | 2006-11-16 |
| US6636134B2 (en) | 2003-10-21 |
| CN1211820C (zh) | 2005-07-20 |
| EP1180776B1 (de) | 2006-10-04 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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