EP1177130A1 - Electric rudder propeller of lower installation height - Google Patents

Electric rudder propeller of lower installation height

Info

Publication number
EP1177130A1
EP1177130A1 EP00918680A EP00918680A EP1177130A1 EP 1177130 A1 EP1177130 A1 EP 1177130A1 EP 00918680 A EP00918680 A EP 00918680A EP 00918680 A EP00918680 A EP 00918680A EP 1177130 A1 EP1177130 A1 EP 1177130A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rudder propeller
ship
shaft
electric
propeller according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP00918680A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1177130B1 (en
Inventor
Wolfgang Rzadki
Manfred Heer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Schottel GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from PCT/DE1999/001422 external-priority patent/WO2000068071A1/en
Application filed by Siemens AG, Schottel GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP1177130A1 publication Critical patent/EP1177130A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1177130B1 publication Critical patent/EP1177130B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H23/00—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements
    • B63H23/32—Other parts
    • B63H23/34—Propeller shafts; Paddle-wheel shafts; Attachment of propellers on shafts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H5/00—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water
    • B63H5/07—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers
    • B63H5/08—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers of more than one propeller
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
    • B63B1/02—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement
    • B63B1/04—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with single hull
    • B63B1/042—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with single hull the underpart of which being partly provided with channels or the like, e.g. catamaran shaped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H1/00—Propulsive elements directly acting on water
    • B63H1/02—Propulsive elements directly acting on water of rotary type
    • B63H1/12—Propulsive elements directly acting on water of rotary type with rotation axis substantially in propulsive direction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
    • B63H21/22—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the propulsion power units being controlled from exterior of engine room, e.g. from navigation bridge; Arrangements of order telegraphs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H23/00—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements
    • B63H23/22—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements with non-mechanical gearing
    • B63H23/24—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements with non-mechanical gearing electric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H5/00—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water
    • B63H5/07—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers
    • B63H5/125—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers movably mounted with respect to hull, e.g. adjustable in direction, e.g. podded azimuthing thrusters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H5/00—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water
    • B63H5/07—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers
    • B63H5/16—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers characterised by being mounted in recesses; with stationary water-guiding elements; Means to prevent fouling of the propeller, e.g. guards, cages or screens
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H5/00—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water
    • B63H5/07—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers
    • B63H5/125—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers movably mounted with respect to hull, e.g. adjustable in direction, e.g. podded azimuthing thrusters
    • B63H2005/1254—Podded azimuthing thrusters, i.e. podded thruster units arranged inboard for rotation about vertical axis
    • B63H2005/1258—Podded azimuthing thrusters, i.e. podded thruster units arranged inboard for rotation about vertical axis with electric power transmission to propellers, i.e. with integrated electric propeller motors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H5/00—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water
    • B63H5/07—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers
    • B63H5/08—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers of more than one propeller
    • B63H5/10—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers of more than one propeller of coaxial type, e.g. of counter-rotative type

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electric rudder propeller with a low installation height for a seagoing fast ship, with a multi-phase electric motor which is fastened in a nacelle-like housing via a rotatable, preferably two-part shaft under the stern of the ship and can be supplied with electrical drive energy and via a slip ring arrangement Drive motors is rotatable.
  • the object of the invention is to design the known drive in such a way, in particular in the case of Roro ships, that there is more space in the stern of the ship.
  • Roro ships e.g. allow a continuous internal Cardeck to be constructed without having to lift the tailgate for the Cardeck and the Cardeck itself.
  • Sufficient repair and maintenance options should still be available.
  • the outflow conditions of the stern should be designed to be optimized for resistance, taking into account the flow conditions that result from the use of rudder propellers.
  • the rudder propeller is mounted in the stern of the ship via a flat ring bearing in the vicinity of the outer skin, in particular above the waterline, the slip ring arrangement in the upper part of the Shaft is housed at the level of the annular bearing and the drive motors for the rotary movement are of low construction and are at least partially arranged in the interior of the ring bearing.
  • the invention can be implemented by optimizing the size of all parts and largely dispensing with horizontal struts. It is possible to move the drive motors for the rotary movement into the area below the slip ring arrangement.
  • the flat ring bearing can be arranged above the waterline or alternatively below the waterline. In the case of an arrangement below the water line, it is advantageously kept under excess pressure.
  • the arrangement known from Canadian patent specification 1,311,657 with an entry of the shaft into the ship below the water line and an internal extension of the shaft up to above the water line is significantly less favorable. A seawater intrusion into the interior of the camp can occur here.
  • the shaft is mounted above the water line in a ring bearing of large diameter, the bearing diameter being approximately equal to or greater than the winding length of the electric motor, this results, particularly if, as advantageously provided, that ring bearing also has a large inner diameter such a spacious upper part of the shaft of the rudder propeller that the size-optimized slip ring arrangement and the rotary motors can be completely accommodated in it. In this way, a separate machine room above the rudder propeller can be dispensed with very advantageously, and installation height can be saved.
  • the ring bearing can be arranged directly under the Cardeck. It is advantageous if the shaft has a shaft upper part which is arranged sunk above the waterline of the ship and largely in the stern of the ship.
  • Hydraulic radial piston motors are formed. This results in a particularly favorable version of the rotary motors with small dimensions and high torque.
  • the shaft if necessary, via an intermediate deck part directly below the lowest loading deck in the rear area, e.g. the Cardeck on Roro ships, with which the hull is connected.
  • an intermediate deck part directly below the lowest loading deck in the rear area, e.g. the Cardeck on Roro ships, with which the hull is connected.
  • Such a small intermediate cover part which can also be designed as an annular disk, results in an advantageously particularly stable and low-profile mounting option for the electric rudder propeller.
  • the intermediate cover part can be fitted via assembly elements, e.g. Boxes, as well as immediately, e.g. by placing them on the raised floor in the rear area.
  • the shaft is mounted under a rudder propeller end cover in the stern of the ship, the end cover advantageously being part of the Cardeck when the ship is designed as a Roro ship.
  • the cardeck can be used in full length of the ship, so that the main cardeck uses space to an unprecedented extent. A full utilization of the area of the weather deck is also ensured, whereby the capstan drives etc. can advantageously be arranged under the weather deck to enlarge the usable area.
  • the end cover has access openings to individual units of the rudder propeller, e.g. to the slip ring arrangement, to the drive motors for the rotary movement and other essential functional elements.
  • the end cover in the Cardeck does not have to be removed, but the corresponding units can be accessed via manhole-like access openings.
  • the upper part of the rudder propeller is fireproofly sealed from the bottom deck in the stern area.
  • the safety requirements of Roro or Ropax ships can advantageously be taken into account without having to change the advantageous design of the electric rudder propeller, which requires a minimum installation height.
  • the slip rings for energy supply and control of the motor are at least partially designed as concentric slip rings. This results in a low design for the energy and signal transmission components.
  • the energy supply slip rings are only 3-phase and that there is branching to one more as a 3-phase winding system of the Motor behind the slip ring arrangement via power semiconductors, which form a decentralized converter and which are arranged in the shaft.
  • the energy supply can also be carried out for multi-phase or split electric motors. This simplifies the construction and considerably reduces the overall height of the slip ring arrangement. In this way, multi-phase winding systems can advantageously be supplied with controlled electrical energy.
  • the power semiconductors can be cooled very advantageously very well by means of heat dissipation elements which are connected to the shaft jacket which is well cooled by the flowing sea water.
  • the cables for the energy transmission are advantageously guided from the side to the slip ring arrangement of the shaft. This requires a separate connection element on the slip ring arrangement. The resulting additional costs are more than offset by the space gained.
  • the connecting element can advantageously run on the cardeck of a Roro ship between the vehicle tracks. So it does not reduce the low installation height of the rudder propeller.
  • the transition from the upper to the lower part of the shaft lies in the plane of the outer skin of the ship, preferably completely above the water line. So the flange between top and bottom part of the ship can be removed from the flow around the hull and the shaft can also be replaced with the electric motor for repairs without having to take the ship into the dock. For a "dry" replacement, it is sufficient if the ship is trimmed to the bow.
  • the motor shaft of the rudder propeller has an inclination that is approximately adapted to the course of the stern of the ship. This results in a particularly favorable outflow in the stern area of the ship, which uses the flow accelerated by the propellers very advantageously to reduce the stern resistance of the ship. Then the rudder propeller according to the invention can be arranged far back without any flow disadvantages. Then the space gain is greatest due to its advantageous training.
  • FIG. 1 shows a rudder propeller according to the invention with its installation which takes up little space
  • FIG. 2 shows a double rudder propeller arrangement in the rear area of the
  • FIG. 4 shows the upper shaft part with lateral cable feed from the side
  • 5 shows the upper shaft part corresponding to FIG. 4 from above
  • FIG. 6 shows a compressed section through a ring bearing arrangement with a particularly low installation height.
  • a small intermediate cover part 10 possibly designed as an annular disk, is used, on which the rudder propeller is founded.
  • the fixed parts of the ring bearing 7 are arranged above the intermediate cover part 10.
  • An advantageously fireproof sealed cover 4 is installed in the cardeck 5, through which the underlying rudder propeller unit is accessible.
  • small covers are used, which make the essential functional parts of the rudder propeller easily accessible.
  • the slip ring arrangement 8 and the rotary motors 9 are largely located in the interior of the ring bearing 7 and in the upper shaft part 3.
  • the ring bearing 7 with the intermediate cover part 10, which is particularly small here, is advantageously arranged in the stern of the ship via a box structure 11.
  • the large cover 4 can be supported directly or indirectly on the intermediate cover part 10, so that the space under the cover 4 has a very low overall height and the overall installation height is therefore optimally low.
  • the rigid energy Supply cables are advantageously brought from the side to the slip ring arrangement, so that the cover 4 is smooth and can be mounted directly above the slip ring arrangement.
  • the rudder propeller itself is advantageously inclined so that its drive axis rises to the rear. This improves the outflow even with a short tail.
  • the separating flange between the upper part of the rudder propeller 3 and the shaft can lie approximately in the plane of the outer skin, so that with a relatively far aft arrangement of the rudder propeller and its short design, no flange parts have to be arranged in the flow around the fuselage.
  • the cover 4 is advantageously given a fire-resistant seal, so that in the event of a fire in this part of the drive system, the cardecks above it are not endangered. Conversely, the function of the propulsion system is not impaired by a fire on the Cardeck and the ship remains ready to sail.
  • the low height between the intermediate cover part and cover is also achieved by using flat-construction radial piston hydraulic motors for the azimuth drive.
  • the medium voltage of the main motor, low voltage for the auxiliary systems and the signals for the control / regulation of the motor are transmitted via the electrical, in particular multi-part, slip ring arrangement 8 located in the upper part 3 of the shaft.
  • the rudder propeller itself can be rotated 360 °.
  • the slip rings of the slip ring arrangement 8 are in particular arranged concentrically to one another, the signal transmission antennas (not shown in more detail) advantageously being located on the outside.
  • the two rudder propeller units are designated 18 and 19.
  • the intermediate deck part is advantageously located directly on the raised floor 17.
  • the ring bearing is fastened, for example, by means of claws, and the rotary motors, like the slip ring body, are arranged according to the invention in the space 16 below the card deck 15. This results in a low overall height for the installation of the rudder propellers arranged far astern.
  • the auxiliary units 12 for the azimuth drive e.g. the hydraulic pumps and their motors also in the space below the cardeck.
  • the two rudder propellers 13 and 14 are supplied with rotational energy via short hydraulic lines. Even so, according to the invention, a separate machine room above the rudder propellers 13 and 14 can advantageously be dispensed with.
  • 21 designates a cable connection piece which is led out to the side, 23 the upper cover of the slip ring arrangement and 22 the upper parts of the drives for the rotary movement. 4 shows a particularly good example of the achievable small installation height.
  • 24 denotes the connecting part of the cable socket 29
  • 27 denotes an entry into the shaft and 26
  • 28 denotes a fan and 30 a drive for the rotary movement. Since the components shown all still have connection lines, terminals, fastening elements, flanges etc., it shows that an optimization was necessary here, which required detailed considerations.
  • FIG. 6 which shows a low-profile ring bearing according to the invention in a partial sectional view
  • 31 denotes the Ship structure part that forms the foundation of the ring bearing. This can be, for example, an intermediate deck part, part of the double floor or a ring part on the outer skin of the ship.
  • 32 denotes e.g. in the case of a Roro ship, the deck or a cover in the deck.
  • 33 denotes a motor for the rotary drive, which is attached to a carrier 37.
  • a drive pinion for the rotating ring 35 of the ring bearing is designated.
  • 36 finally designates the shaft of the rudder propeller, which is connected directly to the rotating part of the ring bearing.
  • FIG. 6 is a basic illustration of a particularly low-profile bearing arrangement.
  • the drive motors 33 for the rotary movement are even arranged completely inside the shaft.
  • the rudder propellers 13, 14, 18 and 19 are exposed to free flow.
  • flow guiding bodies can also be arranged in front of the rudder propellers, which are in particular hook-shaped with the hook tip at the level of the waves of the rudder propellers.
  • the propensity to vibrate of the drive system must be optimized in relation to the advantages achieved, so that these flow guide bodies are more suitable for Roro ferries and less for Ropax ferries or for cruise ships.
  • the optimization is dependent on the ship type, speed and area of application. With the appropriate optimization, all types of ships are advantageous with those in front of the rudder propellers orderly, in cross-section approximately teardrop-shaped flow guide bodies can be equipped. Although the flow guide bodies increase the wetted surface, their advantages for ship behavior, outflow resistance and propulsion efficiency can more than compensate for this disadvantage. Their combination (not shown) with the low-fitting, possibly short, rudder propellers according to the invention is particularly favorable, since here the additional wetted area can be kept small.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
  • Patch Boards (AREA)
  • Actuator (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an electric rudder propeller for a high-speed marine ship, comprising a multi-phase electric motor which is mounted in a gondola-shaped housing beneath the stern of the ship, using a rotatable, preferably two-part shaft. Said motor can be supplied with electric drive energy by means of a slip ring assembly and can be rotated using drive motors. The rudder propeller is mounted in close proximity to the outer hull (6) in the stern of the ship, in particular, above the water line, using a flat ring bearing (7). The slip ring assembly (8) is located in the upper section (3) of the shaft (2, 3) at the level of the ring-shaped bearing (7) and the drive motors for the rotational movement (9) are low in design and are located at least partially in the interior of the ring bearing (7).

Description

Beschreibungdescription
Elektrischer Ruderpropeller mit niedriger EinbauhöheElectric rudder propeller with low installation height
Die Erfindung betrifft einen elektrischen Ruderpropeller mit niedriger Einbauhöhe für ein seegehendes schnelles Schiff, mit einem mehrphasigen elektrischen Motor, der in einem gondelartigen Gehäuse über einen drehbaren, vorzugsweise zweiteiligen Schaft unter dem Heck des Schiffes befestigt ist und über eine Schleifringanordnung mit elektrischer Antriebsenergie versorgbar und über Antriebsmotore drehbar ist.The invention relates to an electric rudder propeller with a low installation height for a seagoing fast ship, with a multi-phase electric motor which is fastened in a nacelle-like housing via a rotatable, preferably two-part shaft under the stern of the ship and can be supplied with electrical drive energy and via a slip ring arrangement Drive motors is rotatable.
Aus dem Prospekt der Firmen Siemens und Schottel, Titel "The SSP Propulsor", Nr. 159U559 04982, April 1998, ist ein dreh- barer Ruderpropeller bekannt, bei dem die Schleifringe für die Übertragung der elektrischen Antriebsenergie ebenso wie die hydraulischen Antriebsmotore für die Drehbewegung und deren Hydraulikpumpen in einem Antriebsmaschinenraum (Propulsor 500 m) oberhalb des Ruderpropellers angeordnet sind. Die Ka- belzuführung zu den Schleifringen erfolgt von oben.From the brochure of the companies Siemens and Schottel, title "The SSP Propulsor", No. 159U559 04982, April 1998, a rotating rudder propeller is known in which the slip rings for the transmission of the electrical drive energy as well as the hydraulic drive motors for the rotary movement and whose hydraulic pumps are arranged in a drive machine room (propulsor 500 m) above the rudder propeller. The cables are fed to the slip rings from above.
Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, den bekannten Antrieb derart auszugestalten, insbesondere bei Roro-Schiffen, dass sich im Heck des Schiffes mehr Platz ergibt. Bei Roro-Schiffen soll sich z.B. ein durchgehendes innenliegendes Cardeck konstruktiv ermöglichen lassen, ohne die Heckklappe für das Cardeck und das Cardeck selbst hochlegen zu müssen. Dabei sollen nach wie vor ausreichende Reparatur- und Wartungsmöglichkeiten gegeben sein. Die Abströmverhältnisse des Hecks sollen dabei unter Berücksichtigung der Strömungsverhältnisse, die sich durch den Einsatz von Ruderpropellern ergeben, widerstandsoptimiert ausgebildet werden können.The object of the invention is to design the known drive in such a way, in particular in the case of Roro ships, that there is more space in the stern of the ship. For Roro ships, e.g. allow a continuous internal Cardeck to be constructed without having to lift the tailgate for the Cardeck and the Cardeck itself. Sufficient repair and maintenance options should still be available. The outflow conditions of the stern should be designed to be optimized for resistance, taking into account the flow conditions that result from the use of rudder propellers.
Die Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, dass der Ruderpropeller über ein flachbauendes Ringlager in der Nähe der Außenhaut, insbesondere oberhalb der Wasserlinie, im Heck des Schiffes gelagert ist, wobei die Schleifringanordnung im Oberteil des Schaftes in Höhe des ringförmigen Lagers untergebracht ist und wobei die Antriebsmotoren für die Drehbewegung niedrig bauend ausgebildet und zumindest teilweise im Inneren des Ringlagers angeordnet sind. So ergibt sich die erfindungsge- maß erwünschte niedrige Einbauanordnung für den elektrischen Ruderpropeller. Zwar erscheint er zunächst als unmöglich, in dem Oberteil des Schaftes mit seiner Engstelle "Drehlager" die Schleifringe und die Antriebsmotore für die Drehbewegung etc. so unterzubringen, dass noch ein Durchstieg nach unten möglich ist. Bei einer größenmäßigen Optimierung aller Teile und dem weitgehenden Verzicht auf horizontal verlaufende Verstrebungen ist die Erfindung jedoch realisierbar. Eine Verlegung der Antriebsmotore für die Drehbewegung in den Bereich unterhalb der Schleifringanordnung ist dabei möglich.The object is achieved in that the rudder propeller is mounted in the stern of the ship via a flat ring bearing in the vicinity of the outer skin, in particular above the waterline, the slip ring arrangement in the upper part of the Shaft is housed at the level of the annular bearing and the drive motors for the rotary movement are of low construction and are at least partially arranged in the interior of the ring bearing. This results in the desired low installation arrangement for the electric rudder propeller according to the invention. It initially appears to be impossible to accommodate the slip rings and the drive motors for the rotary movement etc. in the upper part of the shaft with its narrow point "pivot bearing" in such a way that it is still possible to climb down. However, the invention can be implemented by optimizing the size of all parts and largely dispensing with horizontal struts. It is possible to move the drive motors for the rotary movement into the area below the slip ring arrangement.
Das flachbauende Ringlager kann sowohl oberhalb der Wasserlinie als auch alternativ unterhalb der Wasserlinie angeordnet werden. Bei einer Anordnung unterhalb der Wasserlinie wird es vorteilhaft unter Überdruck gehalten. Die aus der Kanadischen Patentschrift 1.311.657 bekannte Anordnung mit einem Eintritt des Schaftes in das Schiff unterhalb der Wasserlinie und einer inneren Verlängerung des Schaftes bis oberhalb der Wasserlinie ist deutlich ungünstiger. Hier kann sich ein Seewassereinbruch in das Innere des Lagers ergeben.The flat ring bearing can be arranged above the waterline or alternatively below the waterline. In the case of an arrangement below the water line, it is advantageously kept under excess pressure. The arrangement known from Canadian patent specification 1,311,657 with an entry of the shaft into the ship below the water line and an internal extension of the shaft up to above the water line is significantly less favorable. A seawater intrusion into the interior of the camp can occur here.
Wenn der Schaft oberhalb der Wasserlinie in einem Ringlager großen Durchmessers gelagert ist, wobei der Lagerdurchmesser etwa gleich oder größer als die Wicklungslänge des elektrischen Motors ist, ergibt sich, insbesondere wenn, wie vor- teilhaft vorgesehen, dass Ringlager auch einen großen Innendurchmesser aufweist, ein so geräumiges Oberteil des Schaftes des Ruderpropellers, dass die größenmäßig optimierte Schleif- ringanordnung und die Drehmotore vollständig darin untergebracht werden können. So kann sehr vorteilhaft auf einen se- paraten Maschinenraum oberhalb des Ruderpropellers verzichtet und Einbauhöhe eingespart werden. Das Ringlager kann unmittelbar unter den Cardeck angeordnet werden. Es ist dabei vorteilhaft, wenn der Schaft ein Schaftoberteil aufweist, das oberhalb der Wasserlinie des Schiffes und weitgehend im Heck des Schiffes versenkt angeordnet ist. So wird sehr vorteilhaft erreicht, dass alle wesentlichen Teile des Drehantriebs geschützt außerhalb des den Rumpf umströmenden Wassers angeordnet sind. Wenn dabei die Höhe des Schaftunterteils etwa dem Gondeldurchmesser entspricht, ergibt sich ein insgesamt sehr niedrigbauender Antrieb, da aufgrund der zur Verwendung vorgesehenen schnelllaufenden Doppelpropeller re- lativ kleine Propellerdurchmesser gewählt werden können. Ein Antrieb von flachgehenden Schiffen ist dabei in der erfindungsgemäßen Ausgestaltung vorteilhaft möglich.If the shaft is mounted above the water line in a ring bearing of large diameter, the bearing diameter being approximately equal to or greater than the winding length of the electric motor, this results, particularly if, as advantageously provided, that ring bearing also has a large inner diameter such a spacious upper part of the shaft of the rudder propeller that the size-optimized slip ring arrangement and the rotary motors can be completely accommodated in it. In this way, a separate machine room above the rudder propeller can be dispensed with very advantageously, and installation height can be saved. The ring bearing can be arranged directly under the Cardeck. It is advantageous if the shaft has a shaft upper part which is arranged sunk above the waterline of the ship and largely in the stern of the ship. In this way it is very advantageously achieved that all essential parts of the rotary drive are arranged protected outside the water flowing around the hull. If the height of the lower part of the shaft corresponds approximately to the nacelle diameter, the result is an overall very low-profile drive, since relatively small propeller diameters can be selected on account of the high-speed double propellers provided for use. A drive of flat going ships is advantageously possible in the embodiment according to the invention.
In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die Antriebsmotore für die Drehbewegung als flachbauendeIn a further embodiment of the invention it is provided that the drive motors for the rotary movement as a flat construction
Hydraulik-Radialkolbenmotore ausgebildet sind. So ergibt sich eine besonders günstige Ausführung der Drehmotore mit kleinen Abmessungen bei großem Drehmoment.Hydraulic radial piston motors are formed. This results in a particularly favorable version of the rotary motors with small dimensions and high torque.
Es ist dabei vorteilhaft vorgesehen, dass der Schaft gegebenenfalls über ein Zwischen-Deckteil unmittelbar unter dem untersten Ladedeck im Heckbereich, z.B. dem Cardeck bei Roro- Schiffen, mit dem Schiffskörper verbunden ist. Durch ein derartiges, kleines Zwischendeckteil, das auch als Ringscheibe ausgebildet sein kann, ergibt sich eine vorteilhaft sowohl besonders stabile als auch niedrigbauende Montagemöglichkeit für den elektrischen Ruderpropeller. Das Zwischendeckteil kann sowohl über Montageelemente, z.B. Kästen, als auch unmittelbar, z.B. durch Aufsetzen auf den Doppelboden im Heck- bereich angeordnet werden.It is advantageously provided that the shaft, if necessary, via an intermediate deck part directly below the lowest loading deck in the rear area, e.g. the Cardeck on Roro ships, with which the hull is connected. Such a small intermediate cover part, which can also be designed as an annular disk, results in an advantageously particularly stable and low-profile mounting option for the electric rudder propeller. The intermediate cover part can be fitted via assembly elements, e.g. Boxes, as well as immediately, e.g. by placing them on the raised floor in the rear area.
Insbesondere für Roro-Schiffe ist es dabei vorteilhaft, wenn der Schaft unter einem Ruderpropeller-Abschlussdeckel im Schiffsheck montiert ist, wobei der Abschlussdeckel bei einer Ausbildung des Schiffes als Roro-Schiff vorteilhaft Bestandteil des Cardecks ist. So ergibt sich eine besonders gute Ausnutzung der im Heck des Schiffes zur Verfügung stehenden Bauhöhe, die es ermöglicht, das innere Cardeck über die Heckklappe direkt anzufahren. Das Cardeck ist dabei in voller Länge des Schiffes nutzbar, so dass sich eine bisher unerreicht gute Raumausnutzung für das Hauptcardeck ergibt. Eine volle Ausnutzung der Fläche des Wetterdecks ist dabei ebenso gewährleistet, wobei vorteilhaft zur Vergrößerung der nutzbaren Fläche die Spillantriebe etc. unter dem Wetterdeck angeordnet werden können.For Roro ships in particular, it is advantageous if the shaft is mounted under a rudder propeller end cover in the stern of the ship, the end cover advantageously being part of the Cardeck when the ship is designed as a Roro ship. This results in a particularly good utilization of those available in the stern of the ship Height that enables the inner Cardeck to be approached directly via the tailgate. The cardeck can be used in full length of the ship, so that the main cardeck uses space to an unprecedented extent. A full utilization of the area of the weather deck is also ensured, whereby the capstan drives etc. can advantageously be arranged under the weather deck to enlarge the usable area.
In Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist dabei vorgesehen, dass der Abschlussdeckel Zugangsöffnungen zu Einzelaggregaten des Ruderpropellers, z.B. zu der Schleifringanordnung, zu den Antriebsmotoren für die Drehbewegung sowie anderen wesentlichen Funktionselementen aufweist. So muss für Wartungsarbeiten und kleine Reparaturen vorteilhaft nicht der Abschlussdeckel im Cardeck demontiert werden, sondern die entsprechenden Aggregate können über mannlochähnliche Zugangsöffnungen erreicht werden.In an embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the end cover has access openings to individual units of the rudder propeller, e.g. to the slip ring arrangement, to the drive motors for the rotary movement and other essential functional elements. For maintenance work and small repairs, the end cover in the Cardeck does not have to be removed, but the corresponding units can be accessed via manhole-like access openings.
Es ist dabei vorteilhaft vorgesehen, dass das Oberteil des Ruderpropellers gegenüber dem untersten Deck im Heckbereich feuerfest abgedichtet ist. So kann vorteilhaft den Sicherheitsanforderungen von Roro- oder Ropax-Schiffen Rechnung getragen werden, ohne dass die vorteilhafte, eine minimale Ein- bauhöhe erfordernde Ausführung des elektrischen Ruderpropellers geändert werden muss.It is advantageously provided that the upper part of the rudder propeller is fireproofly sealed from the bottom deck in the stern area. In this way, the safety requirements of Roro or Ropax ships can advantageously be taken into account without having to change the advantageous design of the electric rudder propeller, which requires a minimum installation height.
Für den elektrischen Ruderpropeller ist weiterhin vorgesehen, dass die Schleifringe zur Energieversorgung und Kontrolle des Motors zumindest teilweise als konzentrische Schleifringe ausgebildet sind. So ergibt sich eine niedrige Bauform für die Energie- und Signalübertragungskomponenten. Für mehr als 3-phasige Elektromotore, z.B. für 6-phasige oder 12-phasige Elektromotore, aber auch für geteilte Elektromotore, ist da- bei insbesondere vorgesehen, dass die Energieversorgungs- Schleifringe nur 3-phasig ausgebildet sind und dass eine Verzweigung zu einem mehr als 3-phasigen Wicklungssystems des Motors hinter der Schleifringanordnung über Leistungshalbleiter erfolgt, die einen dezentralen Stromrichter bilden und die im Schaft angeordnet sind. So kann mit einem niedrigbauenden, relativ einfachen Schleifringkörper die Energieversor- gung auch für mehrphasige oder geteilte Elektromotore vorgenommen werden. Dies vereinfacht den Aufbau und verkleinert die Bauhöhe der Schleifringanordnung erheblich. So können vielphasige WicklungsSysteme vorteilhaft mit Elektroenergie gesteuert versorgt werden. Über Wärmeableitungselemente, die mit dem über das umströmende Seewasser gut gekühlten Schaftmantel in Verbindung stehen, können die Leistungshalbleiter sehr vorteilhaft gut gekühlt werden.For the electric rudder propeller it is further provided that the slip rings for energy supply and control of the motor are at least partially designed as concentric slip rings. This results in a low design for the energy and signal transmission components. For more than 3-phase electric motors, for example for 6-phase or 12-phase electric motors, but also for split electric motors, it is particularly provided that the energy supply slip rings are only 3-phase and that there is branching to one more as a 3-phase winding system of the Motor behind the slip ring arrangement via power semiconductors, which form a decentralized converter and which are arranged in the shaft. With a low-profile, relatively simple slip ring body, the energy supply can also be carried out for multi-phase or split electric motors. This simplifies the construction and considerably reduces the overall height of the slip ring arrangement. In this way, multi-phase winding systems can advantageously be supplied with controlled electrical energy. The power semiconductors can be cooled very advantageously very well by means of heat dissipation elements which are connected to the shaft jacket which is well cooled by the flowing sea water.
Die Kabel für die Energieübertragung werden vorteilhaft von der Seite zur Schleifringanordnung des Schaftes geführt. Dies erfordert zwar ein gesondertes Anschlusselement an der Schleifringanordnung. Die hierdurch entstehenden Mehrkosten werden jedoch durch den Platzgewinn mehr als wettgemacht. Das Anschlußelement kann vorteilhaft auf dem Cardeck eines Roro- Schiffes zwischen den Fahrzeugspuren verlaufen. Es verringert also die niedrige Einbauhöhe des Ruderpropellers nicht.The cables for the energy transmission are advantageously guided from the side to the slip ring arrangement of the shaft. This requires a separate connection element on the slip ring arrangement. The resulting additional costs are more than offset by the space gained. The connecting element can advantageously run on the cardeck of a Roro ship between the vehicle tracks. So it does not reduce the low installation height of the rudder propeller.
Durch die Anordnung der Antriebe zur Drehbewegung und des Schleifringkörpers etc. im Schaftoberteil müssen diese nahe an die Hilfsaggregate im Schaft, z.B. die Bilgenpumpen undDue to the arrangement of the drives for the rotary movement and the slip ring body etc. in the upper part of the shaft, they must be close to the auxiliary units in the shaft, e.g. the bilge pumps and
Ölpumpen etc., heran. Gegebenenfalls befinden sich auch Leistungshalbleiter in diesem Bereich, da der untere Schaftteil strömungsgünstig schmal (auch als Ruder wirkend) ausgebildet ist. Das Entstehen von Wärmenestern ist nicht auszuschließen. Zur Abhilfe ist im Oberteil des Schaftes zumindest ein Lüfter angeordnet, der ein Luftumwälzen im Schaftoberteil, ggf. auch einen Luftaustausch ermöglicht.Oil pumps etc. If necessary, there are also power semiconductors in this area, since the lower shaft part is designed to be streamlined and narrow (also acting as a rudder). The formation of heat pockets cannot be ruled out. To remedy this, at least one fan is arranged in the upper part of the shaft, which allows air to circulate in the upper part of the shaft, and possibly also an air exchange.
Es ist weiterhin vorteilhaft vorgesehen, dass der Übergang vom Ober- zum Unterteil des Schaftes in der Ebene der Außenhaut des Schiffes liegt, vorzugsweise vollständig oberhalb der Wasserlinie. So kann der Flansch zwischen Ober- und Un- terteil des Schiffes aus der Umströmung des Rumpfes herausgenommen werden und auch ein Auswechseln des Schaftes mit dem Elektromotor für Reparaturen ist möglich, ohne dass das Schiff ins Dock genommen werden muss. Für ein mit Sicherheit "trockenes" Auswechseln genügt es, wenn das Schiff auf den Bug getrimmt wird.It is also advantageously provided that the transition from the upper to the lower part of the shaft lies in the plane of the outer skin of the ship, preferably completely above the water line. So the flange between top and bottom part of the ship can be removed from the flow around the hull and the shaft can also be replaced with the electric motor for repairs without having to take the ship into the dock. For a "dry" replacement, it is sufficient if the ship is trimmed to the bow.
In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die Motorwelle des Ruderpropellers eine Neigung aufweist, die etwa dem Heckverlauf des Schiffes angepasst ist. So ergibt sich eine besonders günstige Abströmung im Heckbereich des Schiffes, die die durch die Propeller beschleunigte Strömung sehr vorteilhaft zur Verringerung des Heckwiderstandes des Schiffes ausnutzt. Dann kann der erfindungsgemäße Ruderpro- peller ohne strömungsmäßige Nachteile weit hinten angeordnet werden. Dann ist der Platzgewinn durch seine vorteilhafte Ausbildung am größten. Insgesamt ergeben sich also nicht nur durch die Verwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Ruderpropellers mit kleiner Einbauhöhe eine bessere Ausnutzung des im Schiffsrumpf zur Verfügung stehenden Platzes im Heckbereich, sondern auch keine strömungsmäßige Verschlechterung des Heckbereichs gegenüber tiefer unter dem Schiff angeordneten konventionellen Ruderpropellern.In a further embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the motor shaft of the rudder propeller has an inclination that is approximately adapted to the course of the stern of the ship. This results in a particularly favorable outflow in the stern area of the ship, which uses the flow accelerated by the propellers very advantageously to reduce the stern resistance of the ship. Then the rudder propeller according to the invention can be arranged far back without any flow disadvantages. Then the space gain is greatest due to its advantageous training. Overall, not only the use of the rudder propeller according to the invention with a small installation height results in a better utilization of the space available in the hull in the stern area, but also no flow deterioration of the stern area compared to conventional rudder propellers arranged below the ship.
Die Erfindung wird anhand von Zeichnungen näher erläutert, aus denen, ebenso wie aus den Unteransprüchen, weitere erfindungswesentliche Einzelheiten entnehiribar sind. Im einzelnen zeigen:The invention is explained in more detail with reference to drawings, from which, as well as from the subclaims, further details essential to the invention can be found. In detail show:
FIG 1 einen erfindungsgemäßen Ruderpropeller mit seinem wenig Platz beanspruchenden Einbau von der Seite, FIG 2 eine Doppelruderpropelleranordnung im Heckbereich des1 shows a rudder propeller according to the invention with its installation which takes up little space, FIG. 2 shows a double rudder propeller arrangement in the rear area of the
Schiffes von achtern, FIG 3 die Doppelrüderpropelleranordnung gemäß FIG 2 von oben,3, the twin rudder propeller arrangement according to FIG. 2 from above,
FIG 4 das Schaftoberteil mit seitlicher Kabelzuführung von der Seite, FIG 5 das Schaftoberteil entsprechend FIG 4 von oben und FIG 6 einen komprimierten Schnitt durch eine Ringlageranordnung mit besonders niedriger Einbauhöhe.4 shows the upper shaft part with lateral cable feed from the side, 5 shows the upper shaft part corresponding to FIG. 4 from above and FIG. 6 shows a compressed section through a ring bearing arrangement with a particularly low installation height.
FIG 1 zeigt eine Roro- oder Ropax-Anwendung mit sehr geringer Einbauhöhe zwischen Außenhaut 6 und Cardeck 5. In diese geringe Einbauhöhe sind alle Bauteile des elektrischen Ruderpropellers mit Ausnahme des Schaftes 2 und des Motorteils 1 eingepasst .1 shows a Roro or Ropax application with a very low installation height between the outer skin 6 and Cardeck 5. All components of the electric rudder propeller with the exception of the shaft 2 and the motor part 1 are fitted into this low installation height.
Um die vorstehend beschriebene Einpassung zu erreichen, werden beispielsweise folgende Maßnahmen ergriffen:To achieve the adjustment described above, the following measures are taken, for example:
Zwischen Außenhaut 6 und Cardeck 5 wird ein kleines, ggf. als Ringscheibe ausgebildetes Zwischendeckteil 10 eingesetzt, auf dem der Ruderpropeller fundamentiert ist. Oberhalb des Zwischendeckteils 10 werden die feststehenden Teile des Ringlagers 7 angeordnet. In das Cardeck 5 wird ein vorteilhaft feuerfest abgedichteter Deckel 4 eingebaut, durch diesen wird die darunterliegende Ruderpropellereinheit zugänglich. In diesen - großen - Deckel 4 werden verschiedene, nicht gezeigte, kleine Deckel eingesetzt, die die wesentlichen Funktionsteile des Ruderpropellers leicht zugänglich machen. Die Schleifringanordnung 8 und die Drehmotore 9 befinden sich weitestgehend im Inneren des Ringlagers 7 und im Schaftoberteil 3. Das Ringlager 7 mit dem, hier besonders klein ausgebildeten, Zwischendeckteil 10 ist vorteilhaft über eine Kastenstruktur 11 im Heck des Schiffes angeordnet.Between the outer skin 6 and Cardeck 5, a small intermediate cover part 10, possibly designed as an annular disk, is used, on which the rudder propeller is founded. The fixed parts of the ring bearing 7 are arranged above the intermediate cover part 10. An advantageously fireproof sealed cover 4 is installed in the cardeck 5, through which the underlying rudder propeller unit is accessible. In this - large - cover 4 various, not shown, small covers are used, which make the essential functional parts of the rudder propeller easily accessible. The slip ring arrangement 8 and the rotary motors 9 are largely located in the interior of the ring bearing 7 and in the upper shaft part 3. The ring bearing 7 with the intermediate cover part 10, which is particularly small here, is advantageously arranged in the stern of the ship via a box structure 11.
Der große Deckel 4 kann auf dem Zwischendeckteil 10 direkt oder indirekt abgestützt werden, so dass der Raum unter dem Deckel 4 eine sehr geringe Bauhöhe bekommt und damit die Gesamteinbauhöhe optimal niedrig ist. Die biegesteifen Energie- Versorgungskabel werden vorteilhaft von der Seite an die Schleifringanordnung herangeführt, so dass der Deckel 4 glatt ausgebildet und unmittelbar oberhalb der Schleifringanordnung montiert werden kann.The large cover 4 can be supported directly or indirectly on the intermediate cover part 10, so that the space under the cover 4 has a very low overall height and the overall installation height is therefore optimally low. The rigid energy Supply cables are advantageously brought from the side to the slip ring arrangement, so that the cover 4 is smooth and can be mounted directly above the slip ring arrangement.
Der Ruderpropeller selbst wird vorteilhaft so geneigt, dass seine Antriebsachse nach hinten ansteigend verläuft. Dies verbessert die Abströmung auch bei einem kurzen Heck. Dabei kann der Trennflansch zwischen dem Oberteil des Ruderpropel- lers 3 und dem Schaft etwa in der Ebene der Außenhaut liegen, so dass bei relativ weit achterer Anordnung des Ruderpropellers und seiner kurzen Bauweise keine Flanschteile in der Um- strömung des Rumpfes angeordnet werden müssen.The rudder propeller itself is advantageously inclined so that its drive axis rises to the rear. This improves the outflow even with a short tail. The separating flange between the upper part of the rudder propeller 3 and the shaft can lie approximately in the plane of the outer skin, so that with a relatively far aft arrangement of the rudder propeller and its short design, no flange parts have to be arranged in the flow around the fuselage.
Der Deckel 4 erhält vorteilhaft eine feuerbeständige Abdichtung, so dass im Falle eines Feuers in diesem Teil der Antriebsanlage die darüber liegenden Cardecks nicht gefährdet werden. Umgekehrt wird das Antriebssystem nicht durch ein Feuer auf dem Cardeck in seiner Funktion beeinträchtigt und das Schiff bleibt fahrbereit.The cover 4 is advantageously given a fire-resistant seal, so that in the event of a fire in this part of the drive system, the cardecks above it are not endangered. Conversely, the function of the propulsion system is not impaired by a fire on the Cardeck and the ship remains ready to sail.
Die niedrige Höhe zwischen Zwischendecksteil und Deckel wird auch durch die Verwendung flachbauender Radialkolben-Hydrau- likmotore für den Azimutantrieb erreicht. Über die im Ober- teil 3 des Schaftes befindliche elektrische, insbesondere mehrteilige, Schleifringanordnung 8 werden die Mittelspannung des Hauptmotors, Niederspannung für die Hilfssysteme und die Signale für die Steuerung/Regelung des Motors übertragen. Der Ruderpropeller selbst ist endlos 360° drehbar. Die Schleif- ringe der Schleifringanordnung 8 sind insbesondere konzentrisch zueinander angeordnet, wobei sich die nicht näher gezeigten Signalübertragungsantennen vorteilhaft außen befinden. In FIG 2 sind die beiden Ruderpropellereinheiten mit 18 und 19 bezeichnet. In dieser Bauausführung befindet sich das Zwischendecksteil vorteilhaft direkt auf dem Doppelboden 17. Das Ringlager ist z.B. über Pratzen befestigt und die Drehmotoren sind ebenso wie der Schleifringkörper erfindungsgemäß in dem Zwischenraum 16 unterhalb des Cardecks 15 angeordnet. So ergibt sich eine niedrige Bauhöhe für den Einbau der weit achtern angeordneten Ruderpropeller.The low height between the intermediate cover part and cover is also achieved by using flat-construction radial piston hydraulic motors for the azimuth drive. The medium voltage of the main motor, low voltage for the auxiliary systems and the signals for the control / regulation of the motor are transmitted via the electrical, in particular multi-part, slip ring arrangement 8 located in the upper part 3 of the shaft. The rudder propeller itself can be rotated 360 °. The slip rings of the slip ring arrangement 8 are in particular arranged concentrically to one another, the signal transmission antennas (not shown in more detail) advantageously being located on the outside. In FIG 2, the two rudder propeller units are designated 18 and 19. In this construction, the intermediate deck part is advantageously located directly on the raised floor 17. The ring bearing is fastened, for example, by means of claws, and the rotary motors, like the slip ring body, are arranged according to the invention in the space 16 below the card deck 15. This results in a low overall height for the installation of the rudder propellers arranged far astern.
Wie aus FIG 3 ersichtlich, befinden sich die Hilfsaggregate 12 für den Azimutantrieb, z.B. die Hydraulikpumpen und ihre Motore ebenfalls im Zwischenraum unterhalb des Cardecks. Über kurze Hydraulik-Leitungen werden die beiden Ruderpropeller 13 und 14 mit Drehenergie versorgt. Auch so kann erfindungsgemäß vorteilhaft auf einen separaten Maschinenraum oberhalb der Ruderpropeller 13 und 14 verzichtet werden.As can be seen from FIG. 3, the auxiliary units 12 for the azimuth drive, e.g. the hydraulic pumps and their motors also in the space below the cardeck. The two rudder propellers 13 and 14 are supplied with rotational energy via short hydraulic lines. Even so, according to the invention, a separate machine room above the rudder propellers 13 and 14 can advantageously be dispensed with.
In FIG 4 bezeichnet 21 einen seitlich herausgeführten Kabelanschlussstutzen, 23 die obere Abdeckung der Schleifringan- Ordnung und 22 die Oberteile der Antriebe für die Drehbewegung. FIG 4 zeigt ein besonders gutes Beispiel für die erreichbare kleine Einbauhöhe.In FIG. 4, 21 designates a cable connection piece which is led out to the side, 23 the upper cover of the slip ring arrangement and 22 the upper parts of the drives for the rotary movement. 4 shows a particularly good example of the achievable small installation height.
In FIG 5 bezeichnet 24 das Anschlussteil des Kabelstutzens 29, 27 bezeichnet einen Einstieg in den Schaft und 26 einen Reservequerschnitt . 28 bezeichnet einen Lüfter und 30 einen Antrieb für die Drehbewegung. Da die gezeigten Komponenten alle noch Anschlussleitungen, Klemmen, Befestigungselemente, Flansche etc. besitzen, zeigt sich, dass hier eine Optimie- rung notwendig war, die eingehenden Überlegungen erforderte.In FIG. 5, 24 denotes the connecting part of the cable socket 29, 27 denotes an entry into the shaft and 26 a reserve cross section. 28 denotes a fan and 30 a drive for the rotary movement. Since the components shown all still have connection lines, terminals, fastening elements, flanges etc., it shows that an optimization was necessary here, which required detailed considerations.
In FIG 6, die ein erfindungsgemäßes niedrig bauendes Ringlager in Teilschnittdarstellung zeigt, bezeichnet 31 den Schiffsstrukturteil, der das Fundament des Ringlagers bildet. Dies kann z.B. ein Zwischendeckteil, ein Teil des Doppelbodens oder ein Ringteil an der Außenhaut des Schiffes sein. 32 bezeichent zB. bei einem Roro-Schiff das Fahrdeck oder einen Deckel im Fahrdeck. 33 bezeichnet einen Motor für den Drehantrieb, der an einem Träger 37 befestigt ist. Mit 34 ist ein Antriebsritzel für den drehenden Ring 35 des Ringlagers bezeichnet. 36 schließlich bezeichnet den Schaft des Ruderpropellers, der direkt mit dem drehenden Teil des Ringlagers verbunden ist. Die Verbindungselemente zwischen den einzelnen Teilen, wie Flansche mit Schrauben, Schweißnähte, etc. sind nicht gezeigt, da es sich bei FIG 6 um eine Prinzipdarstellung einer besonders niedrigbauenden Lageranordnung handelt. Hier sind die Antriebsmotore 33 für die Drehbewegung sogar vollständig im Schaftinneren angeordnet.In FIG. 6, which shows a low-profile ring bearing according to the invention in a partial sectional view, 31 denotes the Ship structure part that forms the foundation of the ring bearing. This can be, for example, an intermediate deck part, part of the double floor or a ring part on the outer skin of the ship. 32 denotes e.g. in the case of a Roro ship, the deck or a cover in the deck. 33 denotes a motor for the rotary drive, which is attached to a carrier 37. With 34 a drive pinion for the rotating ring 35 of the ring bearing is designated. 36 finally designates the shaft of the rudder propeller, which is connected directly to the rotating part of the ring bearing. The connecting elements between the individual parts, such as flanges with screws, weld seams, etc., are not shown, since FIG. 6 is a basic illustration of a particularly low-profile bearing arrangement. Here, the drive motors 33 for the rotary movement are even arranged completely inside the shaft.
In dem in den FIG 2 und 3 gezeigten Beispiel werden die Ruderpropeller 13, 14, 18 und 19 frei angeströmt. Dies ist insbesondere für einen besonders vibrationsarmen Betrieb wich- tig, es können jedoch auch vor den Ruderpropellern Strömungs- leitkörper angeordnet werden, die insbesondere hakenförmig mit der Hakenspitze in Höhe der Wellen der Ruderpropeller ausgebildet werden. Dann ergibt sich ein besonders guter Geradeauslauf des Schiffes, eine mögliche Verbesserung des Pro- pulsionswirkungsgrades und eine mögliche Verbesserung des Abströmverhaltens des Schiffshecks. Hierbei muss jedoch die Vibrationsneigung des Antriebssystems im Verhältnis zu den erreichten Vorteilen optimiert werden, so dass diese Strömungsleitkörper mehr für Roro-Fähren und weniger für Ropax- Fähren oder für Kreuzfahrtschiffe in Betracht kommen. Die Optimierung ist jeweils schiffstyp-, geschwindigkeits- und einsatzgebietabhängig. Bei entsprechender Optimierung sind alle Schiffstypen vorteilhaft mit vor den Ruderpropellern an- geordneten, im Querschnitt etwa tropfenförmigen, Strömungsleitkörpern ausrüstbar. Die Strömungsleitkörper erhöhen zwar die benetzte Oberfläche, ihre Vorteile für das Schiffsverhalten, den Abströmwiderstand und den Propulsionswirkungsgrad können jedoch diesen Nachteil mehr als ausgleichen. Besonders günstig ist ihre (nicht gezeigte) Kombination mit den erfindungsgemäßen, niedrig einbauenden, ggf. kurzen, Ruderpropellern, da hier die zusätzliche benetzte Fläche klein gehalten werden kann. In the example shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the rudder propellers 13, 14, 18 and 19 are exposed to free flow. This is important, in particular, for particularly low-vibration operation, but flow guiding bodies can also be arranged in front of the rudder propellers, which are in particular hook-shaped with the hook tip at the level of the waves of the rudder propellers. This results in particularly good straight running of the ship, a possible improvement in the propulsion efficiency and a possible improvement in the outflow behavior of the ship's stern. Here, however, the propensity to vibrate of the drive system must be optimized in relation to the advantages achieved, so that these flow guide bodies are more suitable for Roro ferries and less for Ropax ferries or for cruise ships. The optimization is dependent on the ship type, speed and area of application. With the appropriate optimization, all types of ships are advantageous with those in front of the rudder propellers orderly, in cross-section approximately teardrop-shaped flow guide bodies can be equipped. Although the flow guide bodies increase the wetted surface, their advantages for ship behavior, outflow resistance and propulsion efficiency can more than compensate for this disadvantage. Their combination (not shown) with the low-fitting, possibly short, rudder propellers according to the invention is particularly favorable, since here the additional wetted area can be kept small.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Elektrischer Ruderpropeller für ein seegehendes schnelles Schiff mit einem mehrphasigen elektrischen Motor, der in ei- nem gondelartigen Gehäuse über einen drehbaren, vorzugsweise zweiteiligen, Schaft unter dem Heck des Schiffes befestigt ist und über eine Schleifringanordnung mit elektrischer Antriebsenergie versorgbar und über Antriebsmotore drehbar ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Ruderpropeller über ein flachbauendes Ringlager (7) in der Nähe der Außenhaut (6) , insbesondere oberhalb der Wasserlinie, im Heck des Schiffes gelagert ist, wobei die Schleifringanordnung (8) im Oberteil (3) des Schaftes (2,3) in Höhe des ringförmigen Lagers (7) untergebracht ist und wobei die Antriebsmotore für die Drehbewegung (9) niedrig bauend ausgebildet und zumindest teilweise im Inneren des Ringlagers (4) angeordnet sind.1. Electric rudder propeller for a sea-going fast ship with a multi-phase electric motor, which is fastened in a nacelle-like housing via a rotatable, preferably two-part, shaft under the stern of the ship and can be supplied with electrical drive energy via a slip ring arrangement and rotatable via drive motors , characterized in that the rudder propeller is mounted in the stern of the ship via a flat ring bearing (7) in the vicinity of the outer skin (6), in particular above the waterline, the slip ring arrangement (8) in the upper part (3) of the shaft (2 , 3) is accommodated at the level of the annular bearing (7) and the drive motors for the rotary movement (9) are of low construction and are at least partially arranged in the interior of the ring bearing (4).
2. Elektrischer Ruderpropeller nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er unterhalb der Wasserlinie im Heck des Schiffes gelagert ist.2. Electric rudder propeller according to claim 1, characterized in that it is mounted below the water line in the stern of the ship.
3. Elektrischer Ruderpropeller nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Ringlager (7) über ein Zwischen-Decksteil (10), ggf. in ringförmiger Aus- bildung, mit den Strukturteilen des Schiffshecks verbunden ist .3. Electric rudder propeller according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the ring bearing (7) is connected to the structural parts of the ship's stern via an intermediate deck part (10), possibly in an annular configuration.
4. Elektrischer Ruderpropeller nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Zwischen-Decksteil (10) über eine Kastenkonstruktion (11) mit den Strukturteilen des4. Electric rudder propeller according to claim 3, characterized in that the intermediate deck part (10) via a box structure (11) with the structural parts of the
Schiffshecks verbunden ist.Ship's stern is connected.
5. Elektrischer Ruderpropeller nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Zwischen-Decksteil (10), insbesondere in Ringform ausgebildet, mit dem Doppelboden (20) des Schiffs verbunden ist. 5. Electric rudder propeller according to claim 3, characterized in that the intermediate deck part (10), in particular in the form of a ring, is connected to the raised floor (20) of the ship.
6. Elektrischer Ruderpropeller nach Anspruch 3, 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Zwischen- Decksteil (10) unmittelbar unter dem untersten Ladedeck im Heckbereich, bei Roro-Schiffen also unmittelbar unter dem Cardeck (5), angeordnet ist.6. Electric rudder propeller according to claim 3, 4 or 5, characterized in that the intermediate deck part (10) is arranged directly below the bottom loading deck in the stern area, that is to say, in Roro ships, directly below the card deck (5).
7. Elektrischer Ruderpropeller nach Anspruch 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schaft (2,3) unter einem Ruderpropeller-Abschlussdeckel (4) im Schiffsheck montiert ist.7. Electric rudder propeller according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, characterized in that the shaft (2, 3) is mounted under a rudder propeller end cover (4) in the ship's stern.
8. Elektrischer Ruderpropeller nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Abschlussdeckel (4) bei einer Ausbildung des Schiffes als Roro-Schiff Bestandteil des Cardecks (5) ist.8. Electric rudder propeller according to claim 7, characterized in that the end cover (4) is part of the card deck (5) when the ship is designed as a Roro ship.
9. Elektrischer Ruderpropeller nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Abschlussdeckel (4) Zugangsöffnungen zu Einzelaggregaten, wie der Schleif- ringanordnung (8), den Antriebsmotoren (9) für die Drehbewegung, sowie anderen wesentlichen Funktionselementen des Ruderpropellers aufweist.9. Electric rudder propeller according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the end cover (4) has access openings to individual units, such as the slip ring arrangement (8), the drive motors (9) for the rotary movement, and other essential functional elements of the rudder propeller.
10. Elektrischer Ruderpropeller nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Antriebsmotore (9) für die Drehbewegung als flachbauende Radialkolben-Hydraulikmotore ausgebildet sind.10. Electric rudder propeller according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drive motors (9) for the rotary movement are designed as flat-construction radial piston hydraulic motors.
11. Elektrischer Ruderpropeller nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Ringlager (7) einen Zahnkranz für die Drehbewegung am drehbaren Ring (35) des Ringlagers (7) aufweist und der feststehende Ring mit einem Schiffsstrukturteil (31) , vorzugsweise unmittelbar, verbunden ist.11. Electric rudder propeller according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ring bearing (7) has a ring gear for the rotary movement on the rotatable ring (35) of the ring bearing (7) and the fixed ring with a ship structure part (31), preferably immediately connected.
12 . Elektrischer Ruderpropeller nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche , d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h - net , dass die Motoren (33) für die Drehbewegung unter dem Ringlager (7) im Schaftoberteil (36) angeordnet sind, wobei sie über Träger (37) gehalten werden und über Ritzel (34) in den drehbaren Ring (35) des Ringlagers (7) eingreifen.12th Electric rudder propeller according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized - net that the motors (33) for the rotary movement are arranged under the ring bearing (7) in the upper shaft part (36), they being held by the carrier (37) and by pinions (34) in the rotatable ring (35) of the ring bearing ( 7) intervene.
13. Elektrischer Ruderpropeller nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Hydraulikpumpen zum Antrieb der Motore (33) im Schaft (36) angeordnet sind, insbesondere in Powerpackform.13. Electric rudder propeller according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that hydraulic pumps for driving the motors (33) are arranged in the shaft (36), in particular in the form of a power pack.
14. Elektrischer Ruderpropeller nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die elektrische Energiezuführung zur Schleifringanordnung über von der Seite zur Schleifringanordnung führende Kabel erfolgt, um eine flache Bauweise zu erreichen.14. Electric rudder propeller according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrical energy supply to the slip ring arrangement takes place via cables leading from the side to the slip ring arrangement in order to achieve a flat design.
15. Elektrischer Ruderpropeller nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schleifringanordnung ein Anschlusselement (21) für einen Anschluss von der Seite kommender Kabel aufweist .15. Electric rudder propeller according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the slip ring arrangement has a connection element (21) for a connection from the side coming cables.
16. Elektrischer Ruderpropeller nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche , dadurch gekennzeich- net, dass er im Oberteil (3) des Schaftes zumindest einen Lüfter, insbesondere zur Vermeidung von Wärmenestern im Schaft (2,3) im Bereich der Hilfsantriebe o.a., aufweist.16. Electric rudder propeller according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has at least one fan in the upper part (3) of the shaft, in particular to avoid heat pockets in the shaft (2, 3) in the region of the auxiliary drives or the like.
17. Elektrischer Ruderpropeller nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet , dass der obere Durchmesser des Schaftoberteils (3) gleich oder größer als die Wicklungslänge des elektrischen Motors (1) ist.17. Electric rudder propeller according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the upper diameter of the upper shaft part (3) is equal to or greater than the winding length of the electric motor (1).
18. Elektrischer Ruderpropeller nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Oberteil (3) des Ruderpropellerschafts (2,3) gegenüber dem darüber liegenden Deck feuerfest abgedichtet ist.18. Electric rudder propeller according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the upper part (3) of the rudder propeller shaft (2,3) is fire-proof sealed from the deck above.
19. Elektrischer Ruderpropeller nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in der Schleifringanordnung (8) die Schleifringe zur Energieversorgung und Kontrolle des Motors zumindest teilweise als konzentrische Schleifringe ausgebildet sind.19. Electric rudder propeller according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the slip ring arrangement (8) the slip rings for energy supply and control of the motor are at least partially designed as concentric slip rings.
20. Elektrischer Ruderpropeller, insbesondere nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schleifringe für die Energieversorgung des elektrischen Motors zwei- oder dreiphasig ausgebildet sind und dass eine Verzweigung für ein mehr als zwei- oder dreiphasiges WicklungsSystem des Motors hinter der Schleifringanordnung, insbesondere über Leistungshalbleiter in Form eines dezentralen Stromrichters, erfolgt, der im Schaft (2,3) angeordnet ist.20. Electric rudder propeller, in particular according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the slip rings for the energy supply of the electric motor are formed in two or three phases and that a branching for a more than two or three-phase winding system of the motor behind the slip ring arrangement , in particular via power semiconductors in the form of a decentralized converter, which is arranged in the shaft (2, 3).
21. Elektrischer Ruderpropeller nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Trennstelle zwischen Ober- (3) und Unterteil (2) des Schaftes etwa in der Ebene der Außenhaut (6) des Schiffes liegt und der Ruderpropeller vorzugsweise soweit achtern im Heck angeordnet ist, dass die Teilfuge vollständig oberhalb der Wasserlinie liegt.21. Electric rudder propeller according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the separation point between the upper (3) and lower part (2) of the shaft lies approximately in the plane of the outer skin (6) of the ship and the rudder propeller preferably as far aft in The stern is arranged so that the parting line lies completely above the water line.
22. Elektrischer Ruderpropeller nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeich- net, dass die Trennstelle zwischen Ober- (3) und Unterteil (2) des Schaftes oberhalb der Schiffsaußenhaut in einem Schaftbrunnen im Heck des Schiffes angeordnet ist.22. Electric rudder propeller according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the separation point between the upper (3) and lower part (2) of the shaft is arranged above the ship's outer skin in a shaft well in the stern of the ship.
23. Elektrischer Ruderpropeller nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Länge des Schiffs (2,3) derart bemessen und dass die Motorwelle des Ruderpropellers zum Heck hin derart ansteigend angeordnet ist, dass die von ihm erzeugte Strömung sich etwa an den Heckverlauf des Schiffes anlegt. 23. Electric rudder propeller according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the length of the ship (2, 3) is dimensioned in such a way and that the motor shaft of the rudder propeller towards the stern is such is arranged in an increasing manner that the flow generated by it attaches itself approximately to the stern course of the ship.
EP00918680A 1999-05-11 2000-02-25 Electric rudder propeller of lower installation height Expired - Lifetime EP1177130B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
WOPCT/DE99/01422 1999-05-11
PCT/DE1999/001422 WO2000068071A1 (en) 1999-05-11 1999-05-11 High-speed marine ship
DE19928961 1999-06-24
DE19928961 1999-06-24
WOPCT/DE99/01842 1999-06-24
DE9901842 1999-06-24
PCT/DE2000/000537 WO2000068073A1 (en) 1999-05-11 2000-02-25 Electric rudder propeller of lower installation height

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EP1177130A1 true EP1177130A1 (en) 2002-02-06
EP1177130B1 EP1177130B1 (en) 2003-08-06

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JP (1) JP2002544039A (en)
KR (1) KR100655006B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1122616C (en)
AT (1) ATE246629T1 (en)
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DE (1) DE50003193D1 (en)
DK (1) DK1177130T3 (en)
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WO (1) WO2000068073A1 (en)

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DE50003193D1 (en) 2003-09-11
EP1177130B1 (en) 2003-08-06
ES2204550T3 (en) 2004-05-01
KR100655006B1 (en) 2006-12-07
KR20020021633A (en) 2002-03-21
DK1177130T3 (en) 2003-11-10
CA2373465A1 (en) 2000-11-16
CN1359345A (en) 2002-07-17
CN1122616C (en) 2003-10-01
PT1177130E (en) 2003-12-31
ATE246629T1 (en) 2003-08-15
WO2000068073A1 (en) 2000-11-16
CA2373465C (en) 2007-01-02
JP2002544039A (en) 2002-12-24

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