EP1173873A1 - Dispositif limiteur de courant a retablissement automatique et a metal liquide - Google Patents

Dispositif limiteur de courant a retablissement automatique et a metal liquide

Info

Publication number
EP1173873A1
EP1173873A1 EP00906218A EP00906218A EP1173873A1 EP 1173873 A1 EP1173873 A1 EP 1173873A1 EP 00906218 A EP00906218 A EP 00906218A EP 00906218 A EP00906218 A EP 00906218A EP 1173873 A1 EP1173873 A1 EP 1173873A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
limiting device
current limiting
liquid metal
current
insulating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP00906218A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1173873B1 (fr
Inventor
Wolfgang Kremers
Frank Berger
Andreas Krätzschmar
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eaton Industries GmbH
Original Assignee
Moeller GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Moeller GmbH filed Critical Moeller GmbH
Publication of EP1173873A1 publication Critical patent/EP1173873A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1173873B1 publication Critical patent/EP1173873B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H87/00—Protective devices in which a current flowing through a liquid or solid is interrupted by the evaporation of the liquid or by the melting and evaporation of the solid when the current becomes excessive, the circuit continuity being reestablished on cooling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a self-recovering current limiting device with liquid metal according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a self-recovering current limiting device is known from the publication SU 922 911 A, which contains electrodes made of solid metal, which are separated by first insulating bodies designed as pressure-resistant insulating housings. Inside the insulating housing, insulated intermediate walls and second insulating bodies arranged between them, which are designed as ring-shaped sealing disks, form compressor chambers which are partially filled with liquid metal and which are connected to one another via eccentrically arranged connecting channels of the intermediate walls filled with liquid metal. In normal operation, there is therefore a continuous internal conductive connection between the electrodes via the liquid metal. In the case of current limitation, the liquid metal is displaced from the connecting channels due to the high current density.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of improving the current limiting behavior of a current limiting device, in particular with regard to its current limiting factor and its response time.
  • the repulsive electromagnetic forces caused by the opposite current profile in the first connection conductor and in the liquid metal and the bundling of the magnetic field caused by the ferromagnetic body deflects the current path within the current limiting device in such a way that on the one hand an arc which arises in the event of a short circuit is extended and on the other hand at higher currents the adjusting Pinch pressure causes a faster constriction of the current path in the area of the connecting channels.
  • the relevant magnetic forces are quadratic in relation to the current, so that the described effect is negligible in nominal operation, whereas the current limiting behavior is positively influenced in the area of short-circuit currents.
  • the mechanism of action described is self-acting, that is, it is based solely on the triggering effect of a short-circuit current and the resulting magnetic field.
  • Ferromagnetic materials with high to very high relative initial permeabilities can advantageously be used; Representative are iron and soft magnetic iron, cobalt or nickel alloys, such as Permalloy or Mu metal.
  • the ferromagnetic body extends over the entire length of the compression spaces. It is advantageous to fix and isolate the first connecting conductor or the ferromagnetic body by means of or part of the pressure-resistant insulating bodies. The lengthening of the arc is further increased by the staggered arrangement of the connecting channels.
  • GalnSn alloys in particular are easy to handle due to their physiological harmlessness.
  • An alloy of 660 parts by weight gallium, 205 parts by weight indium and 135 parts by weight tin is liquid at normal pressure from 10 ° C to 2000 ° C and has sufficient electrical conductivity.
  • a current limiting device according to the invention is shown in longitudinal section in the associated single FIG. 1.
  • the unipolar current limiting device 1 contains on both sides an electrode 11 or 12 made of solid metal, preferably copper, which is rotationally symmetrical and merges into an outer connecting conductor 21 or 22. Between the electrodes 11 and 12 there are a number of compressor chambers 3, which are formed by a corresponding number of annular sealing disks 4 and insulating partition walls 6. The electrodes 11 and 12, the sealing disks 4 and the intermediate walls 6 are held by a molded housing 5, known means for sealing the compression spaces 3 and for non-positively connecting the ones in the molded housing
  • the means for sealing can be, for example, sealing rings between the sealing disks 4 and the intermediate walls 6 or electrodes 11, 12.
  • the means for non-positive connection are, for example, continuous tensioning screws along the two lines 7.
  • the two outer compression spaces 3 are laterally delimited by one of the electrodes 11 and 12 and by an intermediate wall 6.
  • the inner compressor rooms 3 are laterally separated by two partitions
  • the generally multi-part molded housing 5 and the sealing washers 4 are pressure-resistant first and second insulating bodies. All of the compressor rooms 3 are partially filled with a liquid metal 8, for example a GalnSn alloy. For example, there is a vacuum above the liquid metal 8.
  • the intermediate walls 6 are provided below the liquid level with connecting channels 9. The connecting channels 9 are also filled with liquid metal 8.
  • the left, first connecting conductor 21 belonging to the left, first electrode 11 is guided inside the molded housing 5 below the compression spaces 3 and emerges from the molded housing 5 on the right side.
  • the right, second connecting conductor 22 belonging to the right, second electrode 12 likewise emerges from the molded housing 5 on the right side.
  • a ferromagnetic body 10, which is fixed in the molded housing 5, extends over the compression chambers 3.
  • the second connecting conductor 21 extends in such a way that the current through the liquid metal 8 and through the second connecting conductor 22 is opposite, whereby a first electromagnetic force component F1 acts on the current in the liquid metal 8 is exercised.
  • the effect of the magnetic field influenced by the ferromagnetic body 10 exerts a second electromagnetic force component F2 on the current in the liquid metal 8.
  • Both force components F1 and F2 are directed essentially upwards, but in the nominal operation of the current limiting device 1 without any appreciable effect on the current in the liquid metal 8.
  • the force components F1 and F2 increase to such an extent that the resulting current-limiting arc is within the compressor rooms 8 are considerably distracted and thus extended. This state is indicated by the broken line L in Fig. 1.
  • the arc resistance increases to a significant extent.
  • an improved current limiting factor is achieved with the current limiting device 1.
  • the extension of the current-limiting arc is additionally promoted by the staggered arrangement of the connecting channels 9 belonging to adjacent partition walls 6.

Landscapes

  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Fuses (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
EP00906218A 1999-02-01 2000-01-22 Dispositif limiteur de courant a retablissement automatique et a metal liquide Expired - Lifetime EP1173873B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19903837A DE19903837B4 (de) 1999-02-01 1999-02-01 Selbsterholende Strombegrenzungseinrichtung mit Flüssigmetall
DE19903837 1999-02-01
PCT/EP2000/000479 WO2000046829A1 (fr) 1999-02-01 2000-01-22 Dispositif limiteur de courant a retablissement automatique et a metal liquide

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1173873A1 true EP1173873A1 (fr) 2002-01-23
EP1173873B1 EP1173873B1 (fr) 2003-05-21

Family

ID=7895976

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00906218A Expired - Lifetime EP1173873B1 (fr) 1999-02-01 2000-01-22 Dispositif limiteur de courant a retablissement automatique et a metal liquide

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US6850145B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1173873B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP3457282B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE241213T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE19903837B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2000046829A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1644951B1 (fr) * 2003-07-10 2007-09-19 Abb Research Ltd. Procede et dispositif permettant de limiter le courant au moyen d'un limiteur de courant a metal liquide
US7023307B2 (en) * 2003-11-06 2006-04-04 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Electro-magnetically enhanced current interrupter
DE102005060096B4 (de) * 2004-12-17 2008-01-17 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Gekapselter Überspannungsableiter für den Einsatz als Netzfunkenstrecke im Niederspannungsbereich mit getrennten, elektrisch in Reihe geschalteten Funktionseinheiten
DE102005050044A1 (de) * 2005-10-19 2007-05-03 Moeller Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Strombegrenzung
WO2009055763A2 (fr) * 2007-10-26 2009-04-30 Kowalik Daniel P Fusible à bulle microfluidique
US9234979B2 (en) 2009-12-08 2016-01-12 Magna Closures Inc. Wide activation angle pinch sensor section
US8493081B2 (en) 2009-12-08 2013-07-23 Magna Closures Inc. Wide activation angle pinch sensor section and sensor hook-on attachment principle
US8773235B2 (en) 2011-11-30 2014-07-08 General Electric Company Electrical switch and circuit breaker
CN106026059B (zh) * 2016-06-29 2018-06-29 西安交通大学 一种基于绝缘挡板的液态金属限流装置和方法
CN109637874B (zh) * 2018-11-21 2020-01-17 云南靖创液态金属热控技术研发有限公司 液态金属限流器

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US1595061A (en) * 1922-10-17 1926-08-03 Valerius Johann Electric cut-out
CH308101A (de) * 1952-08-19 1955-06-30 Fkg Ag Lichtbogenfester Isolierkörper.
US3331937A (en) * 1965-03-01 1967-07-18 Gen Electric Liquid metal switch
US3381248A (en) * 1965-10-23 1968-04-30 Harold P. Furth Magnetic pressure liquid circuit breaker
US3369094A (en) * 1966-07-15 1968-02-13 Metcom Inc Gallium metal contact switch
US3389360A (en) * 1967-04-19 1968-06-18 Gen Electric Change of state current limiter having flat plate construction
US3644860A (en) * 1969-04-24 1972-02-22 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Self-restoring current limiter
US3699489A (en) * 1970-03-28 1972-10-17 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Current limiting device
FR2204872B1 (fr) 1972-10-30 1976-08-20 Legrand Sa
CH560462A5 (fr) * 1973-01-25 1975-03-27 Mitsubishi Electric Corp
US3806855A (en) * 1973-04-30 1974-04-23 Gen Electric Vapor state current limiting device
US3902150A (en) * 1973-06-08 1975-08-26 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Self-restoring type current limiting device
US3991396A (en) * 1975-05-07 1976-11-09 General Electric Company Electric circuit protector comprising parallel-connected liquid-metal current-limiting devices
GB1538194A (en) * 1976-01-26 1979-01-10 Gec Elliott Automation Ltd High-current electrical switches employing liquid metal
DE2652506A1 (de) * 1976-11-18 1978-05-24 Gec Elliott Automation Ltd Elektrische hochstromvorrichtungen
GB2036443B (en) * 1978-11-21 1983-04-13 Gec Elliott Automation Ltd Liquidi-metal switch
SU922911A1 (ru) * 1980-05-05 1982-04-23 Kb Polt Inst Kujbysheva Токоограничитель 1
US4429295A (en) * 1981-11-13 1984-01-31 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. Variable impedance current limiting device
SU1076981A1 (ru) * 1982-07-29 1984-02-29 Куйбышевский ордена Трудового Красного Знамени политехнический институт им.В.В.Куйбышева Токоограничитель
US4598332A (en) * 1984-07-20 1986-07-01 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Current limiting apparatus utilizing multiple resistive parallel rails
JPH02100216A (ja) * 1988-10-07 1990-04-12 Hitachi Ltd 液体金属スイッチ
DD282778A5 (de) * 1989-04-26 1990-09-19 Karl Marx Stadt Tech Hochschul Stromgesteuerte abschaltvorrichtung
US5581192A (en) * 1994-12-06 1996-12-03 Eaton Corporation Conductive liquid compositions and electrical circuit protection devices comprising conductive liquid compositions
US5471185A (en) * 1994-12-06 1995-11-28 Eaton Corporation Electrical circuit protection devices comprising conductive liquid compositions
DE19914147A1 (de) * 1999-03-29 2000-10-05 Moeller Gmbh Selbsterholende Strombegrenzungseinrichtung mit Flüssigmetall

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO0046829A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE19903837B4 (de) 2004-02-19
JP3457282B2 (ja) 2003-10-14
US6850145B1 (en) 2005-02-01
JP2002536950A (ja) 2002-10-29
ATE241213T1 (de) 2003-06-15
EP1173873B1 (fr) 2003-05-21
WO2000046829A1 (fr) 2000-08-10
DE19903837A1 (de) 2000-08-10
DE50002269D1 (de) 2003-06-26

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