EP1173395B1 - Pyrotechnic smoke screen units for producing an aerosol impenetrable in the visible, infrared and millimetric wave range - Google Patents

Pyrotechnic smoke screen units for producing an aerosol impenetrable in the visible, infrared and millimetric wave range Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1173395B1
EP1173395B1 EP00906220A EP00906220A EP1173395B1 EP 1173395 B1 EP1173395 B1 EP 1173395B1 EP 00906220 A EP00906220 A EP 00906220A EP 00906220 A EP00906220 A EP 00906220A EP 1173395 B1 EP1173395 B1 EP 1173395B1
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pyrotechnic
dipoles
infrared
visible
conductive
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1173395A1 (en
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Ernst-Christian Koch
Josef Schneider
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Pepete GmbH
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Pepete GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/56—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing discrete solid bodies
    • F42B12/70—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing discrete solid bodies for dispensing radar chaff or infrared material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
    • C06D3/00—Generation of smoke or mist (chemical part)

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a pyrotechnic mist set for generation one impenetrable in the visible, infrared and millimeter wave range Aerosol.
  • the human and ecotoxicologically compatible smoke substance consists of pre-assembled dipoles for radiation in the frequency range of 2 - 300 GHz, which is used to create an impenetrable in the millimeter wave range Suitable aerosols, and suitable smoke substances, which are visible and infrared Absorb area.
  • a major problem in use with tarnaerosols is in shielding from electromagnetic radiation in the frequency range 2 - 300 GHz; preferably in the atmospheric attenuation windows between 2-18 GHz and in particular at 35, 94, 140 and 220 GHz, as typically in these frequency bands
  • Target acquisition and tracking systems (radars) of ground-to-surface guided weapons work e.g. SMArt 155, Longbow Hellfire.
  • the fog sets according to the invention contain, as pre-assembled, heat-resistant dipoles made of graphite or a ceramic material made conductive or in-situ conductive, such as ziconium oxide or aluminum oxide, which are coated with pyrotechnic substances. These dipoles are entrained by the hot swathes of gas when the known mist theorem burns.
  • the dipoles consist of thin, conductive fibers, the length of which is for that typical target acquisition and tracking systems usual frequency bands is coordinated. For the frequencies of 35, 94, 140 u. For example, 220 Ghz a mixture of lengths from 1 to 30 mm is used.
  • the fiber diameter is 0.001 to 0.1 mm, preferably 0.005 to 0.02 mm.
  • the conductive fibers consist of either metal or graphite, which is caused by carbonization is made from spun plastic fibers, or from glass, Ceramic or plastic fibers made conductive by a metal coating are. Methods for coating surfaces with a very thin metal film are known.
  • metals can be deposited on the fibers from the gas phase.
  • the pure metals can be deposited on the fibers from transition metal organyls, in particular carbonyls, by heating under reduced pressure.
  • Pyrotechnic switch systems are therefore suitable as coating materials for the ceramic fibers. Suitable systems are in the scheme. 1 reproduced. 2 PbO + Si ⁇ SiO 2 + 2 Pb 2 CuO + Si ⁇ SiO 2 + 2 Cu 2 CuO + Ti ⁇ TiO 2 + 2 Cu 3 NiO + 2 B ⁇ B 2 O 3 + 3 Ni
  • the dipole fiber 3 is first coated according to the invention with a phosphor or phosphor sulfide coating 2, which burns off after the dipoles have been applied and distributed and increases their buoyancy or slows their rate of descent and additionally generates a strong IR emission ,
  • these fibers also have an ignition coating 1, which has a known, easily flammable pyrotechnic mass from a fuel, for example red phosphorus, hexachlorocyclohexane, metal powder etc., an oxidizing agent, for example alkali nitrate, alkali perchlorate etc., and a binder made of a polymer Contains plastic and, if necessary, combustion moderators.
  • Cover layer (not shown in the figure) made of a plastic paint his.
  • the thickness of all layers corresponds to the size of the fiber itself, d. H. have thicknesses of 0.001 to 0.1 mm, preferably 0.01 to 0.02 mm and are usually obtained by immersing or spraying the Fibers with appropriate solutions or suspensions of the components and Drying the solvent.
  • the fiber dipoles according to the invention are known per se from pyrotechnic Nebula masses that are highly scattering in the visible and infrared spectral range and produce absorbent aerosols, mixed and in for application suitable moldings or granules are formed. These are also known in Way with appropriate detonators, igniter charges, propellant charges etc. in Sleeves to the desired smoke projectiles, smoke grenades or rockets united. The corresponding techniques are the same as those of known ones Nebulae for IR and visible spectrum identical, so that on a separate Description is waived.
  • 500 g graphite fibers (50% 35 GHz, 25% 94 GHz, 12.5% 144 GHz and 12.5% 220 GHz fiber cut) are 5 min in a saturated solution of phosphorus sesulfide shaken in carbon disulfide and in vacuum at 40 ° C and 20 mbar dried.
  • the fibers After the fibers have dried, they are coated by dipping in a suspension of red phosphorus (50%), bis ( ⁇ 5 -cyclopentadienyl) iron (25%), potassium nitrate (23%) and a novolak binder (2%).
  • An active composition according to the invention is produced according to the following recipe: 2750 g red phosphorus, 990 g potassium nitrate, 220 g silicon, 220 g boron, 220 g zirconium / iron alloy and 990 g Macroplast binder (30% solids) by gradually adding the components to the red phosphorus a dough Sentence generated.
  • the solvent-moist mass is sieved (7 mm mesh size) and Dried in vacuo at 40 ° C and 20 mbar for 20 minutes.
  • the granulate comes with a pressure of 20 tons to cylindrical compacts with an edge height of 7 mm and 74 mm diameter pressed.
  • One tablet has a burning time of about 27 seconds.
  • the smoke substance which is laboratoryized according to the invention dampens the radiation in the infrared and visual very good (> 95%) moreover in the millimeter wave range in the relevant frequency bands (35, 94, 140 and 220 GHz) an attenuation of each reached about 20 dB.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Radiation-Therapy Devices (AREA)
  • Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Cosmetics (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
  • Curtains And Furnishings For Windows Or Doors (AREA)
  • Shielding Devices Or Components To Electric Or Magnetic Fields (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a pyrotechnic smoke screen unit for producing an aerosol which is impenetrable in the visible, infrared and millimetric wave range and used for camouflage and decoy purposes. The units are obtained by combining fibre-like conductive dipoles or dipole precursors which become conductive in situ and conventional pyrotechnic smoke substances active in the visible and infrared range.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen pyrotechnischen Nebelsatz zur Erzeugung eines im sichtbaren, infraroten und Miilimeterwellen-Bereich undurchdringlichen Aerosols. Der human- und ökotoxikologisch verträgliche Nebelstoff besteht aus vorkonfektionierten Dipolen für Strahlung im Frequenzbereich von 2 - 300 GHz, welcher sich zur Erzeugung eines im Millimeterwellenbereich undurchdringlichen Aerosols eignet, und geeigneten Nebelstoffen, die im sichtbaren und infraroten Bereich absorbieren.The present invention relates to a pyrotechnic mist set for generation one impenetrable in the visible, infrared and millimeter wave range Aerosol. The human and ecotoxicologically compatible smoke substance consists of pre-assembled dipoles for radiation in the frequency range of 2 - 300 GHz, which is used to create an impenetrable in the millimeter wave range Suitable aerosols, and suitable smoke substances, which are visible and infrared Absorb area.

Pyrotechnisch erzeugte Aerosole werden heute überwiegend im militärischen Bereich zum Tarnen, Täuschen, Blenden, Simulieren und Markieren eingesetzt.Today, pyrotechnically generated aerosols are mainly used in the military Area used for camouflaging, deceiving, dazzling, simulating and marking.

Ein Hauptproblem im Einsatz mit Tarnaerosolen besteht bei der Abschirmung von elektromagnetischer Strahlung im Frequenzbereich von 2 - 300 GHz; vorzugsweise in den atmosphärischen Dämpfungsfenstern zwischen 2-18 GHz und insbesondere bei 35, 94, 140 und 220 GHz, da in diesen Frequenzbändern typischerweise Zielerfassungs- und Verfolgungssysteme (Radargeräte) von Boden-Boden-Lenkwaffen arbeiten (z.B. SMArt 155, Longbow Hellfire).A major problem in use with tarnaerosols is in shielding from electromagnetic radiation in the frequency range 2 - 300 GHz; preferably in the atmospheric attenuation windows between 2-18 GHz and in particular at 35, 94, 140 and 220 GHz, as typically in these frequency bands Target acquisition and tracking systems (radars) of ground-to-surface guided weapons work (e.g. SMArt 155, Longbow Hellfire).

Als Methoden zur Tarnung in diesem Frequenzbereich kennt man augenblicklich nur zwei Methoden.

  • a) Die Explosivdispersion geeigneter Dipole, z.B. aluminisierte Glasfasern und Nickel- gecoatete Nylonfasern, mit im ν-Bereich angepasster Dipollänge.
  • b) Pyrotechnische Erzeugung von Graphitfasern durch thermisch induzierte Expansion von Graphit-Intercalationsverbindungen.
    • There are currently only two methods known as camouflage methods in this frequency range.
  • a) The explosive dispersion of suitable dipoles, eg aluminized glass fibers and nickel-coated nylon fibers, with the dipole length adjusted in the ν range.
  • b) Pyrotechnic production of graphite fibers by thermally induced expansion of graphite intercalation compounds.

    • Ein Beispiel für die thermische induzierte Expansion von Graphitverbindungen zum Zwecke der Aerosolerzeugung ist in der DE 4337071 C 1 beschrieben.An example of the thermal induced expansion of graphite compounds for the purpose of aerosol generation is described in DE 4337071 C 1.

    Die generellen Nachteile beider Methoden bestehen zunächst in der völligen Transparenz dieses Aerosols für sichtbare Strahlung und das nahe bis mittlere Infrarot. Als weitere Nachteile kommt es bei der Explosivdispersion von vorkonfektionierten Partikeln stets zum sogenannten Bird-nesting. Darunter versteht man das durch den Explosionsvorgang der Mitte in der Aerosolwolke hervorgerufene Loch mit sehr niedriger Teilchendichte. An dieser Stelle der Wolke wird die Line of sight (LOS) nicht blockiert. Weiterhin sinken die bekannten Dipole aufgrund ihres spezifischen Gewichts sehr schnell zu Boden, so daß nur unbefriedigende Abdeckzeiten erreicht werden.The general disadvantages of both methods are the complete transparency of this aerosol for visible radiation and the near to middle infrared. Bird-nesting is always a further disadvantage of explosive dispersion of pre-assembled particles . This means the hole with a very low particle density caused by the explosion process in the center of the aerosol cloud. At this point in the cloud, the line of sight (LOS) is not blocked. Furthermore, the known dipoles sink very quickly to the ground due to their specific weight, so that only unsatisfactory covering times are achieved.

    Die durch thermisch induzierte Expansion von Graphit-Intercalationsverbindungen erzeugten Strang und Spiral-förmigen Graphitfasern liegen, in Bezug auf ihre Länge, nur statistisch verteilt vor. Es ist also nicht möglich nur Graphitfasern bestimmter Länge (z.B. bei 35 und 94 GHz) zu erzeugen, was zur Folge hat, daß die Wirksamkeit (Dämpfungsleistung) so erzeugter Aerosole in einzelnen Spektralbereichen nur sehr begrenzt ist. Weiterhin werden auch Alveolen-gängige Partikeln erzeugt, was das Risiko von Atemwegserkrankungen evident macht.The thermally induced expansion of graphite intercalation compounds generated strand and spiral-shaped graphite fibers lie in relation to their Length, only statistically distributed in front. So it is not possible to use only graphite fibers certain length (e.g. at 35 and 94 GHz), which has the consequence that the effectiveness (damping performance) of aerosols generated in this way in individual spectral ranges is very limited. Furthermore, alveolar particles become common generates what makes the risk of respiratory diseases evident.

    Es stellte sich daher die Aufgabe, neue im sichtbaren, infraroten und im Millimeterwellenbereich undurchdringliche Aerosole zu finden, welche darüber hinaus human- und ökotoxologisch verträglich sind. It was therefore the task to create new ones in the visible, infrared and millimeter wave range to find impenetrable aerosols, which are beyond are human and ecotoxologically compatible.

    Es wurde nun gefunden, daß herkömmliche, im visuellen und infraroten Bereich transmissionshindernde, pyrotechnische Nebelsätze durch Zusatz von mit pyrotechnischen Stoffen beschichteten vorkonfektionierten Dipolen die oben beschriebenen Probleme lösen können.It has now been found to be conventional, in the visual and infrared range Transmission-preventing, pyrotechnic fog sentences by adding pyrotechnic Fabrics coated pre-assembled dipoles described above Can solve problems.

    Dazu enthalten die erfindungsgemäßen Nebelsätze als vorkonfektionierte hitzebeständige Dipole aus Graphit oder einem leitfähig gemachten oder in-situ leitfähigen keramischen Material wie beispielsweise Ziconiumoxid oder Aluminiumoxid die mit pyrotechnischen Stoffen beschichtet sind. Diese Dipole werden durch die heißen Gas-Schwaden beim Abbrand des bekannten Nebelsatzes mitgerissen.For this purpose, the fog sets according to the invention contain, as pre-assembled, heat-resistant dipoles made of graphite or a ceramic material made conductive or in-situ conductive, such as ziconium oxide or aluminum oxide, which are coated with pyrotechnic substances. These dipoles are entrained by the hot swathes of gas when the known mist theorem burns.

    Die Dipole bestehen aus dünnen, leitfähigen Fasern, deren Länge auf die für die typischen Zielerfassungs- und Verfolgungssysteme üblichen Frequenzbänder abgestimmt ist. Für die Frequenzen von 35, 94, 140 u. 220 Ghz wird beispielsweise eine Mischung aus Längen von 1 bis 30 mm verwendet. Der Faserdurchmesser liegt bei 0,001 bis 0,1 mm, vorzugsweise 0,005 bis 0,02 mm.The dipoles consist of thin, conductive fibers, the length of which is for that typical target acquisition and tracking systems usual frequency bands is coordinated. For the frequencies of 35, 94, 140 u. For example, 220 Ghz a mixture of lengths from 1 to 30 mm is used. The fiber diameter is 0.001 to 0.1 mm, preferably 0.005 to 0.02 mm.

    Die leitfähigen Fasern bestehen entweder aus Metall oder Graphit, der durch Verkohlung von gesponnenen Kunststoff-Fasern hergestellt ist, oder aus Glas-, Keramik- oder Kunststoff-Fasern, die durch einen Metallüberzug leitfähig gemacht sind. Methoden zum Beschichten von Oberflächen mit einem sehr dünnen Metallfilm sind bekannt.The conductive fibers consist of either metal or graphite, which is caused by carbonization is made from spun plastic fibers, or from glass, Ceramic or plastic fibers made conductive by a metal coating are. Methods for coating surfaces with a very thin metal film are known.

    Beispielsweise lassen sich Metalle aus der Gasphase auf den Fasern abscheiden. Ebenso können aus Übergangsmetallorganylen, insbesondere Carbonylen, durch Erhitzen bei vermindertem Druck die reinen Metalle auf den Fasern abgeschieden werden. Alternativ ist auch das in-situ-leitfähig machen mit Hilfe einer pyrotechnischer Beschichtung denkbar. Diese könnte unter dem Einfluß der Reaktionswärme des Hauptsatzes unter Bildung eines leitfähigen z.B. metallischen Überzugs abreagieren. Als Überzugsmaterialien für die keramischen Fasern kommen daher pyrotechnische Schalter-Systeme in Frage. Geeignete Systeme sind in Schema. 1 wiedergegeben. 2 PbO + Si → SiO2 + 2 Pb 2 CuO + Si → SiO2 + 2 Cu 2 CuO + Ti → TiO2 + 2 Cu 3 NiO + 2 B → B2O3 + 3 Ni For example, metals can be deposited on the fibers from the gas phase. Likewise, the pure metals can be deposited on the fibers from transition metal organyls, in particular carbonyls, by heating under reduced pressure. Alternatively, it is also conceivable to make it conductive in situ with the aid of a pyrotechnic coating. This could react under the influence of the heat of reaction of the main clause to form a conductive, for example metallic, coating. Pyrotechnic switch systems are therefore suitable as coating materials for the ceramic fibers. Suitable systems are in the scheme. 1 reproduced. 2 PbO + Si → SiO 2 + 2 Pb 2 CuO + Si → SiO 2 + 2 Cu 2 CuO + Ti → TiO 2 + 2 Cu 3 NiO + 2 B → B 2 O 3 + 3 Ni

    Wie in der Figur 1 dargestellt ist, wird die Dipolfaser 3 erfindungsgemäß zunächst mit einer Phosphor- oder Phosphorsulfidbeschichtung 2 überzogen, welche nach dem Ausbringen und Verteilen der Dipole abbrennt und den Auftrieb derselben erhöht bzw. ihre Sinkrate verlangsamt und zusätzlich eine starke IR-Emission erzeugt. Ferner weisen diese Fasern noch einen Anzünd-Überzug 1 auf, welcher eine bekannte, leicht brennbare pyrotechnische Masse aus einem Brennstoff, beispielsweise roter Phosphor, Hexachlorcyclohexan, Metallpulver etc., ein Oxidationsmittel, beispielsweise Alkalinitrat, Alkaliperchlorat etc., und ein Bindemittel aus einem polymeren Kunststoff und gegebenenfalls noch Abbrandmoderatoren enthält.As shown in FIG. 1 , the dipole fiber 3 is first coated according to the invention with a phosphor or phosphor sulfide coating 2, which burns off after the dipoles have been applied and distributed and increases their buoyancy or slows their rate of descent and additionally generates a strong IR emission , Furthermore, these fibers also have an ignition coating 1, which has a known, easily flammable pyrotechnic mass from a fuel, for example red phosphorus, hexachlorocyclohexane, metal powder etc., an oxidizing agent, for example alkali nitrate, alkali perchlorate etc., and a binder made of a polymer Contains plastic and, if necessary, combustion moderators.

    Aus Stabilitätsgründen und als Oxidationsschutz kann gegebenenfalls noch eine Deckschicht (in der Figur nicht dargestellt) aus einem Kunststofflack vorgesehen sein. Alle Schichten entsprechen in ihrer Dicke größenordnungsmäßig der Faserdicke selbst, d. h. weisen Dicken von 0,001 bis 0,1 mm, vorzugsweise 0,01 bis 0,02 mm auf und werden üblicherweise durch Eintauchen oder Besprühen der Fasern mit entsprechenden Lösungen oder Suspensionen der Bestandteile und Trocknen der Lösemittel hergestellt. For reasons of stability and as protection against oxidation, one may also be used Cover layer (not shown in the figure) made of a plastic paint his. The thickness of all layers corresponds to the size of the fiber itself, d. H. have thicknesses of 0.001 to 0.1 mm, preferably 0.01 to 0.02 mm and are usually obtained by immersing or spraying the Fibers with appropriate solutions or suspensions of the components and Drying the solvent.

    Die erfindungsgemäßen Faserdipole werden mit an sich bekannten pyrotechnischen Nebelmassen, die im sichtbaren und infraroten Spektralbereich stark streuende und absorbierende Aerosole erzeugen, gemischt und in für die Ausbringung geeignete Preßkörper oder Granulate geformt. Diese werden in ebenfalls bekannter Weise mit entsprechenden Zündern, Anzündladungen, Treibladungen etc. in Hüllen zu den gewünschten Nebelwurfkörpern, Nebel-Granaten oder Raketen vereinigt. Die entsprechenden Techniken sind mit denen von bekannten Nebelkörpern für IR- und sichtbares Spektrum identisch, so daß auf eine gesonderte Beschreibung verzichtet wird.The fiber dipoles according to the invention are known per se from pyrotechnic Nebula masses that are highly scattering in the visible and infrared spectral range and produce absorbent aerosols, mixed and in for application suitable moldings or granules are formed. These are also known in Way with appropriate detonators, igniter charges, propellant charges etc. in Sleeves to the desired smoke projectiles, smoke grenades or rockets united. The corresponding techniques are the same as those of known ones Nebulae for IR and visible spectrum identical, so that on a separate Description is waived.

    Das folgende Beispiel soll die Erfindung verdeutlichen, ohne sie jedoch zu beschränken:The following example is intended to illustrate the invention, but without it restrict:

    Beispielexample

    500 g Graphitfasern (50 % 35 GHz, 25 % 94 GHz, 12,5 % 144 GHz und 12,5 % 220 GHz-Faser-Cut) werden 5 min in einer gesättigten Lösung von Phosphorsesquisulfid in Schwefelkohlenstoff geschüttelt und im Vakuum bei 40°C und 20 mbar getrocknet.500 g graphite fibers (50% 35 GHz, 25% 94 GHz, 12.5% 144 GHz and 12.5% 220 GHz fiber cut) are 5 min in a saturated solution of phosphorus sesulfide shaken in carbon disulfide and in vacuum at 40 ° C and 20 mbar dried.

    Nach dem Trocknen der Fasern werden diese durch Tauchen in einer Suspension aus Rotem Phosphor (50 %), Bis(η5-cyclopentadienyl)eisen (25%), Kaliumnitrat (23 %) und einem Novolak-Binder (2 %) beschichtet.After the fibers have dried, they are coated by dipping in a suspension of red phosphorus (50%), bis (η 5 -cyclopentadienyl) iron (25%), potassium nitrate (23%) and a novolak binder (2%).

    Aus 100 g vorbehandelter Fasern und einem herkömmlichen Tarnnebelsatz bspw. gemäß folgender Rezeptur wird eine erfindungsgemäße Wirkmasse hergestellt: 2750 g Rotem Phosphor, 990 g Kaliumnitrat, 220 g Silicium, 220 g Bor, 220 g Zirkonium/Eisen-Legierung und 990 g Macroplast-Binder (30 % Festkörper) wird durch schrittweise Zugabe der Komponenten zum roten Phosphor ein teigiger Satz erzeugt. Die lösemittelfeuchte Masse wird (7 mm Maschenweite) gesiebt und 20 Minuten im Vakuum bei 40°C und 20 mbar getrocknet. Das Granulat wird mit einem Pressdruck von 20 Tonnen zu zylindrischen Presslingen von 7 mm Kantenhöhe und 74 mm Durchmesser verpresst. Eine Tablette besitzt eine Brennzeit von ca 27 Sekunden.For example, from 100 g of pretreated fibers and a conventional camouflage fog set. An active composition according to the invention is produced according to the following recipe: 2750 g red phosphorus, 990 g potassium nitrate, 220 g silicon, 220 g boron, 220 g zirconium / iron alloy and 990 g Macroplast binder (30% solids) by gradually adding the components to the red phosphorus a dough Sentence generated. The solvent-moist mass is sieved (7 mm mesh size) and Dried in vacuo at 40 ° C and 20 mbar for 20 minutes. The granulate comes with a pressure of 20 tons to cylindrical compacts with an edge height of 7 mm and 74 mm diameter pressed. One tablet has a burning time of about 27 seconds.

    Der erfindungsgemäß laborierte Nebelstoff dämpft die Strahlung im Infraroten und visuellen sehr gut (> 95 %) darüber hinaus wird im Millimeterwellenbereich in den betreffenden Frequenzbändern (35, 94, 140 und 220 GHz) eine Dämpfung von jeweils etwa 20 dB erreicht.The smoke substance which is laboratoryized according to the invention dampens the radiation in the infrared and visual very good (> 95%) moreover in the millimeter wave range in the relevant frequency bands (35, 94, 140 and 220 GHz) an attenuation of each reached about 20 dB.

    Claims (5)

    1. Pyrotechnic smoke screen unit for the production of an aerosol for camouflage and decoy purposes impenetrable in the visible, infrared and in the millimetric wave region, characterised in that fibre-formed conductive dipoles or dipole precursors becoming conductive in situ, which are coated with pyrotechnic materials, are combined with conventional pyrotechnic smoke screen masses effective in the visual as well as infrared range to give a joint unit.
    2. Pyrotechnic unit according to claim 1, characterised in that the pre-produced dipoles correspond to the electromagnetic radiation in the millimetric wave region of the frequency bands usual for the targeting apparatus.
    3. Pyrotechnic unit according to the preceding claims, characterised in that the batch contains 5 to 25% of pre-prepared dipoles or their precursors.
    4. Pyrotechnic unit according to one of the preceding claims, whereby the dipoles consist of thin, conductive fibres of metal, graphite or of glass, ceramic or synthetic material fibres which are provided with a conductive coating of metal, have a length of 1 to 30 mm and a diameter of 0.001 to 0.1 mm, characterised in that the fibres are coated with a first layer of phosphorus or phosphorus sulphide and a second ignition layer of a combustible material, an oxidation agent and a binding agent, whereby these layers have thicknesses of 0.001 to 0.1 mm.
    5. Pyrotechnic unit according to the preceding claims, characterised in that dipoles of graphite fibres are coated with phosphorus sesquisulphide, as well as with a mixture of 50% red phosphorus, 25% bis-(η5-cyclopentadienyl)-iron, 23% potassium nitrate and 2% novolac binder.
    EP00906220A 1999-03-27 2000-01-24 Pyrotechnic smoke screen units for producing an aerosol impenetrable in the visible, infrared and millimetric wave range Expired - Lifetime EP1173395B1 (en)

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    DE19914095A DE19914095A1 (en) 1999-03-27 1999-03-27 Pyrotechnic mist set for generating an aerosol that is impenetrable in the visible, infrared and millimeter-wave range
    DE19914095 1999-03-27
    PCT/EP2000/000499 WO2000058238A1 (en) 1999-03-27 2000-01-24 Pyrotechnic smoke screen units for producing an aerosol impenetrable in the visible, infrared and millimetric wave range

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    EP1173395A1 EP1173395A1 (en) 2002-01-23
    EP1173395B1 true EP1173395B1 (en) 2002-12-11

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    DE10226507A1 (en) * 2002-06-14 2003-12-24 Diehl Munitionssysteme Gmbh A smoke
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    PT1173395E (en) 2003-04-30
    DE50000928D1 (en) 2003-01-23
    DK1173395T3 (en) 2003-03-10
    ES2188507T3 (en) 2003-07-01
    JP2002540375A (en) 2002-11-26
    ATE229489T1 (en) 2002-12-15
    EP1173395A1 (en) 2002-01-23
    DE19914095A1 (en) 2000-09-28
    US6578492B1 (en) 2003-06-17
    IL145113A0 (en) 2002-06-30
    TR200102720T2 (en) 2002-04-22

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