EP1637510B1 - Use of a infrared radiation generating material for a civil airplane - Google Patents
Use of a infrared radiation generating material for a civil airplane Download PDFInfo
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- EP1637510B1 EP1637510B1 EP05019400.0A EP05019400A EP1637510B1 EP 1637510 B1 EP1637510 B1 EP 1637510B1 EP 05019400 A EP05019400 A EP 05019400A EP 1637510 B1 EP1637510 B1 EP 1637510B1
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 20
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- CCAKQXWHJIKAST-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanitroethane Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C([N+]([O-])=O)([N+]([O-])=O)C([N+]([O-])=O)([N+]([O-])=O)[N+]([O-])=O CCAKQXWHJIKAST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XYODKMYYACGWBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminoazanium;nitroformate Chemical compound [NH3+]N.[O-]C(=O)[N+]([O-])=O XYODKMYYACGWBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BRUFJXUJQKYQHA-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium dinitramide Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-][N+](=O)[N-][N+]([O-])=O BRUFJXUJQKYQHA-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 3
- YLDBWNXELVQOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexacarbonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=C(C#N)C(C#N)=C(C#N)C(C#N)=C1C#N YLDBWNXELVQOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- JSOGDEOQBIUNTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(azidomethyl)oxirane Chemical compound [N-]=[N+]=NCC1CO1 JSOGDEOQBIUNTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000008359 benzonitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003278 mimic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
- C06C15/00—Pyrophoric compositions; Flints
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the use of an infrared decoy for a civil aircraft, wherein the infrared exchange body comprises an infrared illuminant for generating an infrared radiation.
- missiles such as jet airplanes, helicopters and transport machines are used to combat air targets such as air-to-air and ground-to-air guided missiles which emit the infrared (IR) radiation emitted by the engine of the target, primarily in the range between 0 , 8 and 5 ⁇ m, using a sensitive to IR radiation seeker head and track.
- decoy also called flares
- Such decoys can also be used preventively to make it difficult or even prevent the detection of targets by reducing the contrast of the scene.
- Infrared exchange bodies are out US 6427599 and US20040011235 known.
- Infrared (IR) decoys are typically used in military scenarios, but recently civil aircraft have been threatened by IR - guided missiles, and civilian aircraft are vulnerable to MANPADS (Man Portable Air Defense Systems), a typical asymmetric threat to civilian aircraft Aircraft are, for example, the SA-7, SA-14, SA-16, SA-18 and the STINGER models Basic, POST and RMP.
- MANPADS Man Portable Air Defense Systems
- Civil aircraft unlike military aircraft, are only threatened during takeoff and landing. Although there would also be a threat in the cruising altitude (> 10,000 m) would be conceivable, but this would require weapons systems that are at least not readily available to terrorists in pacified territory and are also not to be used with the necessary camouflage, as is the case with MANPADS.
- the threat of civil aircraft in take-off and landing is particularly precarious because, unlike agile small military platforms, a passenger aircraft is unable to make tactical maneuvers to avoid a recognized threat.
- a starting aircraft offers a particularly intense! R-signature, which facilitates the connection of a seeker head.
- pyrotechnic IR decoys are the preferred countermeasures in the fight against IR-controlled missiles.
- the pyrotechnic active charges of conventional IR decoys burn with a strong visible light and smoke development alike. Since the ejection of decoys and the visibility of this measure can cause panic among passengers on the ground and in the air, the visual signature of such decoys should be as low as possible during the day and at night. Furthermore, it is to be feared that ejected decoys will burn down to the ground and cause fires there.
- Typical active charges have a burning time of more than 3.5 seconds, so that decoys ejected near the ground can readily fall down burning on the runway or in the airport environment.
- the invention is therefore based on the object to provide an infrared luminous material which is suitable for infrared decoys for the protection of civil aircraft.
- the infrared luminous material should have only a low light intensity in the visual range and low smoke.
- the infrared luminous material for generating an infrared radiation contains a fuel, an oxidizing agent and a binder, in contrast to conventional infrared illuminants according to the invention but no metals or metal-containing compounds and no halogens or halogen-containing compounds. Since the infrared luminous substance contains no halogens or halogen-like compounds, the formation of hygroscopic HCl is prevented, in other words the visible smoke formation is suppressed or minimized. Due to the lack of metals or metal-containing compounds, the signature of the infrared luminous material in the visible range and in the near infrared range is significantly minimized.
- the fuel of the infrared luminous material is selected from the group consisting of hexacyanobenzene and nitrated cyanobenzenes. The combustion of these fuels takes place without any recognizable smoke signature and with only low radiation intensity in the visible range.
- the fuel is contained in a mass fraction of about 10 wt .-% to about 55 wt .-%, more preferably from about 10 wt .-% to about 35 wt .-% in the infrared luminous material according to the invention.
- an oxidizing agent is used which itself does not show smoke formation and emission in the visible and near infrared regions.
- Typical examples of such a low-signature oxidizing agent are, for example, hexanitroethane (HNE) C 2 (NO 2 ) 6 , ammonium dinitramide (ADN) NH 4 N (NO 2 ) 2 and hydrazinium nitroformate (HNF) C (NO 2 ) 3 N 2 H 5 .
- Suitable oxidizing agents are substances of the general composition C x H y N z O m with an oxygen balance of at least about 15% by weight, ideally at least about 25% by weight.
- the oxygen balance describes the mass fraction of available oxygen after the formal oxidation of combustible constituents of the compound, such as H and C.
- the oxidizing agent does not contain halogens to prevent the formation of hygroscopic HCl.
- the active charge according to the invention contains no alkali metals in order to minimize the signature in the visible and near infrared as much as possible.
- the oxidizing agent is preferably contained in a mass fraction of about 40 wt .-% to about 85 wt .-%, more preferably from about 55 wt .-% to about 85 wt .-% in the infrared luminous material according to the invention.
- the binders used are, for example, polynitropolyphenylene (PNP) and glycidyl azide polymer (GAP). These materials are energetic and at the same time insensitive binders which burn off with a balanced oxygen balance of the active substance soot-free and without any significant signature in the visible range.
- the energetic binder also takes over the function of the metals conventionally contained in the luminescent materials, which otherwise pass on the heat of reaction quickly.
- the binder is preferably contained in a mass fraction of about 1.5 wt .-% to about 5 wt .-% in the infrared luminous material of the invention.
- Another feature of the invention is the consideration to dimension the effective charge in an ammunition so that no total burning times are achieved over 1.5 seconds. This is done, for example, by choosing a sufficiently large ratio of surface area to volume of the infrared luminous material of at least about 4.
- infrared luminescent material in an infrared exchange body for a civil aircraft lies in particular in the fact that the infrared luminescent material according to the invention does not produce any visualization during combustion, i. There is no smoke and only a very low radiation intensity in the visible range.
- the enclosed figure shows by way of example the radiance I with respect to the wavelength ⁇ for an infrared luminous substance based on 35% by weight of hexacyanobenzene, 60% by weight of hexanitroethane and 5% by weight of polynitropolyphenylene.
- the luminescent mass shows a strong selective emission between 3 and 5 ⁇ m (so-called ⁇ -band) and also between 2 and 3 ⁇ m (so-called ⁇ -band), thus well imitating the signature of an aircraft engine.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung eines Infrarot-Täuschkörpers für ein Zivilflugzeug, wobei der Infrarot-Tauschkörper eine Infrarot-Leuchtmasse zum Erzeugen einer Infrarot-Strahlung umfasst.The present invention relates to the use of an infrared decoy for a civil aircraft, wherein the infrared exchange body comprises an infrared illuminant for generating an infrared radiation.
Im militärischen Bereich werden zur Bekämpfung von Luftzielen, wie beispielsweise Strahlflugzeugen, Hubschraubern und Transportmaschinen, Flugkörper wie Luft-Luft-und Boden-Luft-Lenkflugkörper eingesetzt, welche die vom Triebwerk des Ziels ausgehende Infrarot (IR) - Strahlung, vornehmlich im Bereich zwischen 0,8 und 5 µm, mit Hilfe eines auf IR-Strahlung empfindlichen Suchkopfes anpeilen und verfolgen. Zur Abwehr dieser Flugkörper werden daher Täuschkörper (auch Flares genannt) eingesetzt, welche die IR-Signatur des Ziels imitieren, um anfliegende Lenkflugkörper abzulenken. Derartige Täuschkörper können auch präventiv eingesetzt werden, um die Erfassung von Zielen durch die Herabsetzung des Kontrasts der Szene zu erschweren oder sogar zu verhindern. Infrarot-Tauschkörper sind aus
Pyrotechnische Infrarot (IR - Täuschkörper finden typischerweise in militärischen Szenarien Anwendung. Neuerdings werden aber auch zivile Flugzeuge durch IRgesteuerte Flugkörper bedroht. Zivile Flugzeuge sind insbesondere durch so genannte MANPADS (Man Portable Air Defense Sytems) gefährdet. Typische MANPADS im Sinne einer asymmetrischen Bedrohung von zivilen Flugzeugen sind zum Beispiel die SA-7, SA-14, SA-16, SA-18 und die STINGER-Modelle Basic, POST und RMP.Infrared (IR) decoys are typically used in military scenarios, but recently civil aircraft have been threatened by IR - guided missiles, and civilian aircraft are vulnerable to MANPADS (Man Portable Air Defense Systems), a typical asymmetric threat to civilian aircraft Aircraft are, for example, the SA-7, SA-14, SA-16, SA-18 and the STINGER models Basic, POST and RMP.
Zivile Flugzeuge sind im Gegensatz zu Militärflugzeugen nur während der Start und Landephase bedroht. Zwar wäre auch eine Bedrohung in der Reiseflughöhe (> 10.000 m) denkbar, doch würde dies Waffensysteme erfordern, die zumindest nicht in befriedetem Gebiet für Terroristen ohne weiteres verfügbar sind und auch nicht mit der notwendigen Tarnung einzusetzen sind, so wie dies bei MANPADS der Fall ist. Die Bedrohung der zivilen Flugzeuge in der Start- und Landephase ist besonders prekär, weil ein Passagierflugzeug im Gegensatz zu agileren kleinen militärischen Plattformen nicht in der Lage ist, taktische Manöver zu fliegen, um einer erkannten Bedrohung auszuweichen. Zusätzlich bietet ein startendes Flugzeug eine besonders intensive !R-Signatur, was die Aufschaltung eines Suchkopfes erleichtert.Civil aircraft, unlike military aircraft, are only threatened during takeoff and landing. Although there would also be a threat in the cruising altitude (> 10,000 m) would be conceivable, but this would require weapons systems that are at least not readily available to terrorists in pacified territory and are also not to be used with the necessary camouflage, as is the case with MANPADS. The threat of civil aircraft in take-off and landing is particularly precarious because, unlike agile small military platforms, a passenger aircraft is unable to make tactical maneuvers to avoid a recognized threat. In addition, a starting aircraft offers a particularly intense! R-signature, which facilitates the connection of a seeker head.
Da das für den Schutz der zivilen Flugzeuge zur Verfügung stehende Zeitfenster somit sehr begrenzt ist, bilden pyrotechnische IR-Täuschkörper die bevorzugten Gegenmaßnahmen bei der Bekämpfung von IR-gesteuerten Flugkörpern.Since the time window available for the protection of civil aircraft is thus very limited, pyrotechnic IR decoys are the preferred countermeasures in the fight against IR-controlled missiles.
Herkömmliche IR-Täuschkörper für militärische Anwendungen sind aber durch bestimmte Merkmale gekennzeichnet, die einen Einsatz für das oben beschriebene Szenario erschweren.However, conventional IR decoys for military applications are characterized by certain features that make it difficult to use for the scenario described above.
So verbrennen die pyrotechnischen Wirkladungen herkömmlicher IR-Täuschkörper mit einer starken sichtbaren Licht- und Rauchentwicklung gleichermaßen. Da der Ausstoß von Täuschkörpern und die Sichtbarkeit dieser Maßnahme zu Panik unter den Fluggästen am Boden und in der Luft führen kann, sollte die visuelle Signatur solcher Täuschkörper bei Tag und bei Nacht möglichst gering sein. Weiterhin ist zu befürchten, dass ausgestoßene Täuschkörper brennend zu Boden fallen und dort Brände auslösen können. Typische Wirkladungen besitzen eine Brennzeit von mehr als 3,5 Sekunden, sodass in Bodennähe ausgestoßene Täuschkörper ohne weiteres brennend auf die Rollbahn oder im Flughafenumfeld herunter fallen können.Thus, the pyrotechnic active charges of conventional IR decoys burn with a strong visible light and smoke development alike. Since the ejection of decoys and the visibility of this measure can cause panic among passengers on the ground and in the air, the visual signature of such decoys should be as low as possible during the day and at night. Furthermore, it is to be feared that ejected decoys will burn down to the ground and cause fires there. Typical active charges have a burning time of more than 3.5 seconds, so that decoys ejected near the ground can readily fall down burning on the runway or in the airport environment.
Die Nachteile bekannter spektral angepasster Wirkmassen für IR-Täuschkörper für die Anwendung zum Schutz von zivilen Flugzeugen sind also eine hohe Lichtstärke im visuellen Bereich bei Verwendung von Metallen als leistungssteigernde Zusätze, sichtbare Rauchspuren durch die Bildung kondensierter Produkte, und Brandgefahr am Boden durch lange Brenndauer der Wirkmassen.The disadvantages of known spectrally adjusted effective masses for IR decoys for use in the protection of civil aircraft are thus high light intensity in the visual field when using metals as performance-enhancing additives, visible traces of smoke through the formation of condensed products, and fire hazard on the ground by long burning time of active masses.
Ausgehend von der oben beschriebenen Problematik herkömmlicher Infrarot-Täuschkörper liegt daher der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Infrarot-Leuchtmasse bereitzustellen, die für Infrarot-Täuschkörper zum Schutz von zivilen Flugzeugen geeignet ist. Insbesondere soll die Infrarot-Leuchtmasse nur eine geringe Lichtstärke im visuellen Bereich und eine geringe Rauchbildung aufweisen.Based on the above-described problem of conventional infrared decoys, the invention is therefore based on the object to provide an infrared luminous material which is suitable for infrared decoys for the protection of civil aircraft. In particular, the infrared luminous material should have only a low light intensity in the visual range and low smoke.
Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch die Verwendung eines Infrarot-Tauschkörpers mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Ansprüche.This object is achieved by the use of an infrared exchange body with the features of
Die Infrarot-Leuchtmasse zum Erzeugen einer Infrarot-Strahlung enthält einen Brennstoff, ein Oxidationsmittel und ein Bindemittel, im Gegensatz zu herkö mmlichen Infrarot-Leuchtmassen erfindungsgemäß aber keine Metalle oder metallhaltigen Verbindungen und keine Halogene oder halogenhaltigen Verbindungen. Da die Infrarot-Leuchtmasse keine Halogene oder halogenartigen Verbindungen enthält, wird die Bildung hygroskopischer HCl verhindert, mit anderen Worten die sichtbare Rauchbildung unterdrückt bzw. minimiert. Aufgrund der fehlenden Metalle oder metallhaltigen Verbindungen ist die Signatur der Infrarot-Leuchtmasse im sichtbaren Bereich und im nahen Infrarotbereich deutlich minimiert.The infrared luminous material for generating an infrared radiation contains a fuel, an oxidizing agent and a binder, in contrast to conventional infrared illuminants according to the invention but no metals or metal-containing compounds and no halogens or halogen-containing compounds. Since the infrared luminous substance contains no halogens or halogen-like compounds, the formation of hygroscopic HCl is prevented, in other words the visible smoke formation is suppressed or minimized. Due to the lack of metals or metal-containing compounds, the signature of the infrared luminous material in the visible range and in the near infrared range is significantly minimized.
Der Brennstoff der Infrarot-Leuchtmasse ist ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Hexacyanobenzol und nitrierten Cyanobenzolen. Der Abbrand dieser Brennstoffe erfolgt ohne erkennbare Rauchsignatur und mit nur geringer Strahlungsintensität im sichtbaren Bereich.The fuel of the infrared luminous material is selected from the group consisting of hexacyanobenzene and nitrated cyanobenzenes. The combustion of these fuels takes place without any recognizable smoke signature and with only low radiation intensity in the visible range.
In einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist der Brennstoff in einem Massenanteil von etwa 10 Gew.-% bis etwa 55 Gew.-%, bevorzugter von etwa 10 Gew.-% bis etwa 35 Gew.-% in der erfindungsgemäßen Infrarot-Leuchtmasse enthalten ist.In one embodiment of the invention, the fuel is contained in a mass fraction of about 10 wt .-% to about 55 wt .-%, more preferably from about 10 wt .-% to about 35 wt .-% in the infrared luminous material according to the invention.
In der Infrarot-Leuchtmasse, die in der Erfindung verwendet wird, wird ein Oxidationsmittel eingesetzt, das selbst keine Rauchbildung und keine Emission im sichtbaren Bereich und nahen Infrarotbereich zeigt. Typische Beispiele eines solchen signaturarmen Oxidationsmittels sind zum Beispiel aus Hexanitroethan (HNE) C2(NO2)6, Ammoniumdinitramid (ADN) NH4N(NO2)2 und Hydraziniumnitroformat (HNF) C(NO2)3N2H5.In the infrared luminous material used in the invention, an oxidizing agent is used which itself does not show smoke formation and emission in the visible and near infrared regions. Typical examples of such a low-signature oxidizing agent are, for example, hexanitroethane (HNE) C 2 (NO 2 ) 6 , ammonium dinitramide (ADN) NH 4 N (NO 2 ) 2 and hydrazinium nitroformate (HNF) C (NO 2 ) 3 N 2 H 5 .
Weitere geeignete Oxidationsmittel sind Stoffe der allgemeinen Zusammensetzung CxHyNzOm mit einer Sauerstoffbilanz von wenigstens etwa 15 Gew.-%, idealerweise wenigstens etwa 25 Gew.-%. Dabei beschreibt die Sauerstoffbilanz den Massenanteil verfügbaren Sauerstoffs nach der formalen Oxidation verbrennlicher Bestandteile der Verbindung, wie H und C.Further suitable oxidizing agents are substances of the general composition C x H y N z O m with an oxygen balance of at least about 15% by weight, ideally at least about 25% by weight. In this case, the oxygen balance describes the mass fraction of available oxygen after the formal oxidation of combustible constituents of the compound, such as H and C.
Es ist ein Merkmal der Erfindung, dass das Oxidationsmittel keine Halogene enthält, um die Bildung hygroskopischer HCl zu verhindern. Auch enthält die erfindungsgemäße Wirkladung keine Alkalimetalle, um die Signatur im sichtbaren und nahen Infrarot soweit wie möglich zu minimieren.It is a feature of the invention that the oxidizing agent does not contain halogens to prevent the formation of hygroscopic HCl. Also, the active charge according to the invention contains no alkali metals in order to minimize the signature in the visible and near infrared as much as possible.
Das Oxidationsmittel ist vorzugsweise in einem Massenanteil von etwa 40 Gew.-% bis etwa 85 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt von etwa 55 Gew.-% bis etwa 85 Gew.-% in der erfindungsgemäßen Infrarot-Leuchtmasse enthalten.The oxidizing agent is preferably contained in a mass fraction of about 40 wt .-% to about 85 wt .-%, more preferably from about 55 wt .-% to about 85 wt .-% in the infrared luminous material according to the invention.
Als Bindemittel werden beispielsweise Polynitropolyphenylen (PNP) und Glycidylazidpolymer (GAP) eingesetzt. Diese Materialien sind energetische und zugleich unempfindliche Binder, die bei einer ausgeglichenen Sauerstoffbilanz der Wirkmasse rußfrei und ohne nennenswerte Signatur im sichtbaren Bereich abbrennen. Das energetische Bindemittel übernimmt dabei auch die Funktion der herkömmlicherweise in den Leuchtmassen enthaltenen Metalle, welche die Reaktionswärme sonst schnell weiterleiten.The binders used are, for example, polynitropolyphenylene (PNP) and glycidyl azide polymer (GAP). These materials are energetic and at the same time insensitive binders which burn off with a balanced oxygen balance of the active substance soot-free and without any significant signature in the visible range. The energetic binder also takes over the function of the metals conventionally contained in the luminescent materials, which otherwise pass on the heat of reaction quickly.
Das Bindemittel ist bevorzugt in einem Massenanteil von etwa 1,5 Gew.-% bis etwa 5 Gew.-% in der Infrarot-Leuchtmasse der Erfindung enthalten.The binder is preferably contained in a mass fraction of about 1.5 wt .-% to about 5 wt .-% in the infrared luminous material of the invention.
Ein weiteres Merkmal der Erfindung ist die Überlegung, die Wirkladung in einer Munition so zu dimensionieren, dass keine Gesamt-Brennzeiten über 1,5 Sekunden erreicht werden. Dies erfolgt beispielsweise über die Wahl eines genügend großen Verhältnisses von Oberfläche zu Volumen der Infrarot-Leuchtmasse von wenigstens etwa 4.Another feature of the invention is the consideration to dimension the effective charge in an ammunition so that no total burning times are achieved over 1.5 seconds. This is done, for example, by choosing a sufficiently large ratio of surface area to volume of the infrared luminous material of at least about 4.
Die vorteilhafte Einsetzbarkeit der oben beschriebenen Infrarot-Leuchtmasse in einem Infrarot-Tauschkörper für ein Zivilflugzeug liegt insbesondere darin, dass die erfindungsgemäße Infrarot-Leuchtmasse beim Abbrand keine Visualisierung erzeugt, d.h. es erfolgt keine Rauchbildung und nur eine sehr geringe Strahlungsintensität im sichtbaren Bereich.The advantageous applicability of the above-described infrared luminescent material in an infrared exchange body for a civil aircraft lies in particular in the fact that the infrared luminescent material according to the invention does not produce any visualization during combustion, i. There is no smoke and only a very low radiation intensity in the visible range.
Die beiliegende Figur zeigt beispielhaft die Strahldichte I gegenüber der Wellenlänge λ für eine Infrarot-Leuchtmasse auf der Basis von 35 Gew.-% Hexacyanobenzol, 60 Gew.-% Hexanitroethan und 5 Gew.-% Polynitropolyphenylen. Die Leuchtmasse zeigt eine starke selektive Ausstrahlung zwischen 3 und 5 µm (so genanntes β-Band) und auch zwischen 2 und 3 µm (so genanntes α-Band), bildet also die Signatur eines Flugzeugtriebwerks gut nach.The enclosed figure shows by way of example the radiance I with respect to the wavelength λ for an infrared luminous substance based on 35% by weight of hexacyanobenzene, 60% by weight of hexanitroethane and 5% by weight of polynitropolyphenylene. The luminescent mass shows a strong selective emission between 3 and 5 μ m (so-called β-band) and also between 2 and 3 μ m (so-called α-band), thus well imitating the signature of an aircraft engine.
Claims (12)
- Use of an infrared flare for a civil aircraft, wherein the infrared flare comprises an infrared phosphorescent material for generating infrared radiation, wherein the infrared phosphorescent material comprises a fuel, an oxidizing agent and a binder, wherein the infrared phosphorescent material contains no metals or metal-containing compounds and no halogens or halogen-containing compounds, and wherein the fuel is selected from the group consisting of hexacyanobenzene and nitrated cyanobenzenes.
- Use according to Claim 1, wherein the fuel is contained in a proportion of about 10% by weight to about 55% by weight.
- Use according to Claim 2, wherein the fuel is contained in a proportion of about 10% by weight to about 35% by weight.
- Use according to any of Claims 1 to 3, wherein the oxidizing agent is selected from the group consisting of hexanitroethane, ammonium dinitramide and hydrazinium nitroformate.
- Use according to any of Claims 1 to 3, wherein the oxidizing agent is a substance of the general composition CxHyNzOm.
- Use according to Claim 5, wherein the oxygen balance of the oxidizing agent is at least about 15% by weight, preferably at least about 25% by weight.
- Use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the oxidizing agent is contained in a proportion of about 40% by weight to about 85% by weight.
- Use according to Claim 7, wherein the oxidizing agent is contained in a proportion of about 55% by weight to about 85% by weight.
- Use according to any of Claims 1 to 8, wherein the binder is selected from the group consisting of polynitropolyphenylene and glycidyl azide polymer.
- Use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the binder is contained in a proportion of about 1.5% by weight to about 5% by weight.
- Use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the duration of combustion of the infrared phosphorescent material is not more than about 1.5 seconds.
- Use according to Claim 11, wherein the ratio of surface to volume of infrared phosphorescent material is at least about 4.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP14001025.7A EP2746245A3 (en) | 2004-09-11 | 2005-09-07 | Mass for generating infrared radiation |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102004043991.5A DE102004043991C5 (en) | 2004-09-11 | 2004-09-11 | Infrared decoys and its use |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP14001025.7A Division EP2746245A3 (en) | 2004-09-11 | 2005-09-07 | Mass for generating infrared radiation |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1637510A2 EP1637510A2 (en) | 2006-03-22 |
| EP1637510A3 EP1637510A3 (en) | 2012-10-17 |
| EP1637510B1 true EP1637510B1 (en) | 2014-03-26 |
Family
ID=35560566
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP05019400.0A Not-in-force EP1637510B1 (en) | 2004-09-11 | 2005-09-07 | Use of a infrared radiation generating material for a civil airplane |
| EP14001025.7A Withdrawn EP2746245A3 (en) | 2004-09-11 | 2005-09-07 | Mass for generating infrared radiation |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP14001025.7A Withdrawn EP2746245A3 (en) | 2004-09-11 | 2005-09-07 | Mass for generating infrared radiation |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7404867B2 (en) |
| EP (2) | EP1637510B1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102004043991C5 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2465640T3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102012023549B4 (en) * | 2012-11-28 | 2014-11-06 | Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg | Use of a dinitromethane salt |
| DE102014001866B3 (en) * | 2014-02-06 | 2015-07-02 | Martin Rybol | From the cartridge of an infrared decoy ejectable active body |
| CN104134009B (en) * | 2014-08-11 | 2017-02-22 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Blinding grenade radiation energy numerical simulation system and method |
Family Cites Families (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2988435A (en) * | 1956-04-30 | 1961-06-13 | Standard Oil Co | Ammonium nitrate gas-generating compositions |
| US3117044A (en) * | 1957-03-18 | 1964-01-07 | Charles W Sauer | Solid propellant containing organic oxidizers and polymeric fuel |
| US3017301A (en) * | 1959-03-27 | 1962-01-16 | Du Pont | Propellant compositions containing a polycyano fuel component |
| US4131499A (en) * | 1976-09-07 | 1978-12-26 | Thiokol Corporation | Low smoke propellant |
| US4499723A (en) * | 1982-07-26 | 1985-02-19 | Rockwell International Corporation | Tris(2-azidoethyl)amine and method of preparation thereof |
| CA2140003A1 (en) * | 1992-07-15 | 1994-02-03 | Daniel B. Nielson | Pressable infrared illuminant compositions |
| DE4327976C1 (en) * | 1993-08-19 | 1995-01-05 | Buck Chem Tech Werke | Flare charge for producing decoys |
| US6364975B1 (en) * | 1994-01-19 | 2002-04-02 | Universal Propulsion Co., Inc. | Ammonium nitrate propellants |
| US5861571A (en) * | 1997-04-18 | 1999-01-19 | Atlantic Research Corporation | Gas-generative composition consisting essentially of ammonium perchlorate plus a chlorine scavenger and an organic fuel |
| US5917146A (en) * | 1997-05-29 | 1999-06-29 | The Regents Of The University Of California | High-nitrogen energetic material based pyrotechnic compositions |
| US6427599B1 (en) * | 1997-08-29 | 2002-08-06 | Bae Systems Integrated Defense Solutions Inc. | Pyrotechnic compositions and uses therefore |
| GB9802454D0 (en) * | 1998-01-28 | 2000-12-20 | Secr Defence | Infra-red emitting decoy flare |
| US6214139B1 (en) * | 1999-04-20 | 2001-04-10 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Low-smoke pyrotechnic compositions |
| IL156406A0 (en) * | 2000-12-13 | 2004-01-04 | Sec Dep For Defence Dstl | Infra-red emitting decoy flare |
| CA2367192A1 (en) * | 2001-01-10 | 2002-07-10 | Cesaroni Technology Incorporated | Propellant system for solid fuel rocket |
| US6730181B1 (en) * | 2001-01-22 | 2004-05-04 | Alliant Techsystems Inc. | Process for making stable cured poly(glycidyl nitrate) |
| DE10355507A1 (en) * | 2003-11-27 | 2005-06-30 | Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg | Pyrotechnic set for generating IR radiation |
| DE102004024857B4 (en) * | 2004-05-19 | 2008-07-10 | Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg | Pyrotechnic set |
-
2004
- 2004-09-11 DE DE102004043991.5A patent/DE102004043991C5/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-08-25 US US11/211,812 patent/US7404867B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-09-07 ES ES05019400.0T patent/ES2465640T3/en active Active
- 2005-09-07 EP EP05019400.0A patent/EP1637510B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2005-09-07 EP EP14001025.7A patent/EP2746245A3/en not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2465640T3 (en) | 2014-06-06 |
| EP1637510A3 (en) | 2012-10-17 |
| DE102004043991B4 (en) | 2010-09-02 |
| EP1637510A2 (en) | 2006-03-22 |
| US7404867B2 (en) | 2008-07-29 |
| EP2746245A2 (en) | 2014-06-25 |
| EP2746245A3 (en) | 2017-11-29 |
| DE102004043991A1 (en) | 2006-04-27 |
| DE102004043991C5 (en) | 2015-11-05 |
| US20070251617A1 (en) | 2007-11-01 |
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