EP1173395A1 - Pyrotechnic smoke screen units for producing an aerosol impenetrable in the visible, infrared and millimetric wave range - Google Patents

Pyrotechnic smoke screen units for producing an aerosol impenetrable in the visible, infrared and millimetric wave range

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Publication number
EP1173395A1
EP1173395A1 EP00906220A EP00906220A EP1173395A1 EP 1173395 A1 EP1173395 A1 EP 1173395A1 EP 00906220 A EP00906220 A EP 00906220A EP 00906220 A EP00906220 A EP 00906220A EP 1173395 A1 EP1173395 A1 EP 1173395A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pyrotechnic
dipoles
fibers
visible
infrared
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Granted
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EP00906220A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1173395B1 (en
Inventor
Ernst-Christian Koch
Josef Schneider
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Pepete GmbH
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Piepenbrock Pyrotechnik GmbH
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Publication of EP1173395A1 publication Critical patent/EP1173395A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/56—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing discrete solid bodies
    • F42B12/70—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing discrete solid bodies for dispensing radar chaff or infrared material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
    • C06D3/00—Generation of smoke or mist (chemical part)

Definitions

  • Pyrotechnic mist set for generating an aerosol that is impenetrable in the visible, infrared and millimeter-wave range
  • the present invention relates to a pyrotechnic mist set for generating an aerosol impenetrable in the visible, infrared and millimeter wave range.
  • the human and ecotoxicologically compatible smoke substance consists of pre-assembled dipoles for radiation in the frequency range of 2 - 300 GHz, which is suitable for the generation of an impermeable aerosol in the millimeter wave range, and suitable smoke substances that absorb in the visible and infrared range.
  • a major problem in use with tarna aerosols is the shielding of electromagnetic radiation in the frequency range from 2 to 300 GHz; preferably in the atmospheric damping windows between 2-18 GHz and in particular at 35, 94, 140 and 220 GHz, since target detection and tracking systems (radars) of ground-to-surface guided weapons typically work in these frequency bands (e.g. SMArt 155, Longbow Hellfire).
  • radars target detection and tracking systems
  • camouflage methods There are currently only two methods known as camouflage methods in this frequency range.
  • the strand and spiral-shaped graphite fibers produced by thermally induced expansion of graphite intercalation compounds are only statistically distributed with respect to their length. It is therefore not possible to produce only graphite fibers of a certain length (e.g. at 35 and 94 GHz), which means that the effectiveness (damping performance) of aerosols produced in this way is only very limited in individual spectral ranges. Furthermore, alveolar particles are also generated, which makes the risk of respiratory diseases evident.
  • the fog sets according to the invention contain as pre-assembled heat-resistant dipoles made of graphite or a ceramic material made conductive or in-situ conductive, such as ziconium oxide or aluminum oxide, which are coated with pyrotechnic substances. These dipoles are entrained by the hot swathes of gas when the known mist theorem burns up.
  • the dipoles consist of thin, conductive fibers, the length of which is matched to the frequency bands common to typical target acquisition and tracking systems. For the frequencies of 35, 94, 140 u. 220 Ghz, for example, a mixture of lengths from 1 to 30 mm is used.
  • the fiber diameter is 0.001 to 0.1 mm, preferably 0.005 to 0.02 mm.
  • the conductive fibers consist either of metal or graphite, which is produced by charring spun plastic fibers, or of glass, ceramic or plastic fibers, which are made conductive by a metal coating. Methods for coating surfaces with a very thin metal film are known.
  • metals can be deposited on the fibers from the gas phase.
  • the pure metals can be deposited on the fibers from transition metal organyls, in particular carbonyls, by heating under reduced pressure.
  • the / ns / uv-conductive is also conceivable with the help of a pyrotechnic coating. Under the influence of the reaction React heat from the main theorem to form a conductive, for example metallic, coating. Pyrotechnic switch systems are therefore suitable as coating materials for the ceramic fibers. Suitable systems are in the scheme. 1 reproduced.
  • the dipole fiber 3 is first coated according to the invention with a phosphor or phosphor sulfide coating 2, which burns off after the dipoles have been applied and distributed and increases their buoyancy or slows their rate of descent and additionally generates a strong IR emission .
  • these fibers also have an ignition coating 1, which comprises a known, easily combustible pyrotechnic mass from a fuel, for example red phosphorus, hexachlorocyclohexane, metal powder etc., an oxidizing agent, for example alkali nitrate, alkali perchlorate etc., and a binder a polymeric plastic and, if appropriate, also contains combustion moderators.
  • a cover layer (not shown in the figure) made of a plastic lacquer can optionally also be provided.
  • the thickness of all the layers corresponds to the size of the fiber itself, ie it has a thickness of 0.001 to 0.1 mm, preferably 0.01 to 0.02 mm, and is usually obtained by immersing or spraying the fibers with appropriate solutions or suspensions of the constituents and drying them of the solvent.
  • the fiber dipoles according to the invention are mixed with known pyrotechnic nebulas, which produce aerosols which are highly scattering and absorbing in the visible and infrared spectral range, and are shaped into compacts or granules suitable for application.
  • the fibers After the fibers have dried, they are immersed in a suspension of RRootteemm PPhhoosspphhoorr ((5500 %%)), BBiiss (( ⁇ 55 --ccyyccllooppeennttaaddiieennyyll) iron (25%), potassium nitrate (23%) and a novolak binder ( 2%) coated.
  • An active composition according to the invention is produced from 100 g of pretreated fibers and a conventional camouflage fog set, for example according to the following recipe: 2750 g of red phosphorus, 990 g of potassium nitrate, 220 g of silicon, 220 g of boron, 220 g of zirconium conium / iron alloy and 990 g Macroplast binder (30% solids) is created by gradually adding the components to the red phosphorus.
  • the solvent-moist mass is sieved (7 mm mesh size) and dried for 20 minutes in a vacuum at 40 ° C. and 20 mbar. The granulate is pressed with a pressure of 20 tons to cylindrical presses with 7 mm edge height and 74 mm diameter.
  • One tablet has a burning time of approx. 27 seconds.
  • the fog substance which is laboratoryized according to the invention attenuates the radiation in the infrared and visual very well (> 95%).
  • attenuation of approximately 20 dB is achieved in the respective frequency bands (35, 94, 140 and 220 GHz) in the millimeter wave range.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Shielding Devices Or Components To Electric Or Magnetic Fields (AREA)
  • Cosmetics (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
  • Curtains And Furnishings For Windows Or Doors (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Radiation-Therapy Devices (AREA)
  • Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a pyrotechnic smoke screen unit for producing an aerosol which is impenetrable in the visible, infrared and millimetric wave range and used for camouflage and decoy purposes. The units are obtained by combining fibre-like conductive dipoles or dipole precursors which become conductive in situ and conventional pyrotechnic smoke substances active in the visible and infrared range.

Description

Pyrotechnischer Nebelsatz zur Erzeugung eines im sichtbaren, infraroten und im Millimeterwellen-Bereich undurchdringlichen Aerosols Pyrotechnic mist set for generating an aerosol that is impenetrable in the visible, infrared and millimeter-wave range
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen pyrotechnischen Nebelsatz zur Erzeugung eines im sichtbaren, infraroten und Millimeterwellen-Bereich undurchdringlichen Aerosols. Der human- und Ökotoxikologisch verträgliche Nebelstoff besteht aus vorkonfektionierten Dipolen für Strahlung im Frequenzbereich von 2 - 300 GHz, welcher sich zur Erzeugung eines im Millimeterwellenbereich undurchdringlichen Aerosols eignet, und geeigneten Nebelstoffen, die im sichtbaren und infraroten Bereich absorbieren.The present invention relates to a pyrotechnic mist set for generating an aerosol impenetrable in the visible, infrared and millimeter wave range. The human and ecotoxicologically compatible smoke substance consists of pre-assembled dipoles for radiation in the frequency range of 2 - 300 GHz, which is suitable for the generation of an impermeable aerosol in the millimeter wave range, and suitable smoke substances that absorb in the visible and infrared range.
Pyrotechnisch erzeugte Aerosole werden heute überwiegend im militärischen Bereich zum Tarnen, Täuschen, Blenden, Simulieren und Markieren eingesetzt.Today, pyrotechnically generated aerosols are mainly used in the military for camouflaging, deceiving, dazzling, simulating and marking.
Ein Hauptproblem im Einsatz mit Tarnaerosolen besteht bei der Abschirmung von elektromagnetischer Strahlung im Frequenzbereich von 2 - 300 GHz; vorzugsweise in den atmosphärischen Dämpfungsfenstern zwischen 2-18 GHz und insbesondere bei 35, 94, 140 und 220 GHz, da in diesen Frequenzbändern typischerweise Zielerfassuπgs- und Verfolgungssysteme (Radargeräte) von Boden- Boden-Lenkwaffen arbeiten (z.B. SMArt 155, Longbow Hellfire).A major problem in use with tarna aerosols is the shielding of electromagnetic radiation in the frequency range from 2 to 300 GHz; preferably in the atmospheric damping windows between 2-18 GHz and in particular at 35, 94, 140 and 220 GHz, since target detection and tracking systems (radars) of ground-to-surface guided weapons typically work in these frequency bands (e.g. SMArt 155, Longbow Hellfire).
Als Methoden zur Tarnung in diesem Frequenzbereich kennt man augenblicklich nur zwei Methoden.There are currently only two methods known as camouflage methods in this frequency range.
a) Die Explosivdispersion geeigneter Dipole, z.B. aluminisierte Glasfasern und Nickel- gecoatete Nylonfasern, mit im v-Bereich angepasster Dipollänge. b) Pyrotechnische Erzeugung von Graphitfasern durch thermisch induzierte Expansion von Graphit-Intercalationsverbindungen.a) The explosive dispersion of suitable dipoles, eg aluminized glass fibers and nickel-coated nylon fibers, with the dipole length adjusted in the v range. b) Pyrotechnic production of graphite fibers by thermally induced expansion of graphite intercalation compounds.
Ein Beispiel für die thermische induzierte Expansion von Graphitverbindungen zum Zwecke der Aerosolerzeugung ist in der DE 4337071 C 1 beschrieben.An example of the thermally induced expansion of graphite compounds for the purpose of aerosol generation is described in DE 4337071 C 1.
Die generellen Nachteile beider Methoden bestehen zunächst in der völligen Transparenz dieses Aerosols für sichtbare Strahlung und das nahe bis mittlere Infrarot. Als weitere Nachteile kommt es bei der Explosivdispersion von vorkonfektionierten Partikeln stets zum sogenannten Bird-nesting. Darunter versteht man das durch den Explosionsvorgang der Mitte in der Aerosolwolke hervorgerufene Loch mit sehr niedriger Teilchendichte. An dieser Stelle der Wolke wird die Line of sight (LOS) nicht blockiert. Weiterhin sinken die bekannten Dipole aufgrund ihres spezifischen Gewichts sehr schnell zu Boden, so daß nur unbefriedigende Abdeckzeiten erreicht werden.The general disadvantages of both methods are the complete transparency of this aerosol for visible radiation and the near to middle infrared. Bird-nesting is always a further disadvantage of explosive dispersion of pre-assembled particles. This means the hole with a very low particle density caused by the explosion process in the center of the aerosol cloud. At this point in the cloud, the line of sight (LOS) is not blocked. Furthermore, the known dipoles sink very quickly to the ground due to their specific weight, so that only unsatisfactory covering times are achieved.
Die durch thermisch induzierte Expansion von Graphit-Intercalationsverbindungen erzeugten Strang und Spiral-förmigen Graphitfasern liegen, in Bezug auf ihre Länge, nur statistisch verteilt vor. Es ist also nicht möglich nur Graphitfasern bestimmter Länge (z.B. bei 35 und 94 GHz) zu erzeugen, was zur Folge hat, daß die Wirksamkeit (Dämpfungsleistung) so erzeugter Aerosole in einzelnen Spektralbereichen nur sehr begrenzt ist. Weiterhin werden auch Alveolen-gängige Partikeln erzeugt, was das Risiko von Atemwegserkrankungen evident macht.The strand and spiral-shaped graphite fibers produced by thermally induced expansion of graphite intercalation compounds are only statistically distributed with respect to their length. It is therefore not possible to produce only graphite fibers of a certain length (e.g. at 35 and 94 GHz), which means that the effectiveness (damping performance) of aerosols produced in this way is only very limited in individual spectral ranges. Furthermore, alveolar particles are also generated, which makes the risk of respiratory diseases evident.
Es stellte sich daher die Aufgabe, neue im sichtbaren, infraroten und im Millimeterwellenbereich undurchdringliche Aerosole zu finden, welche darüber hinaus human- und ökotoxologisch verträglich sind. Es wurde nun gefunden, daß herkömmliche, im visuellen und infraroten Bereich transmissionshindernde, pyrotechnische Nebelsätze durch Zusatz von mit pyro- technischen Stoffen beschichteten vorkonfektionierten Dipolen die oben beschriebenen Probleme lösen können.The task was therefore to find new aerosols that are visible, infrared and millimeter-wave impenetrable, and which are also human and ecotoxologically compatible. It has now been found that conventional pyrotechnic mist sets which prevent transmission in the visual and infrared range can solve the problems described above by adding pre-assembled dipoles coated with pyro-technical substances.
Dazu enthalten die erfindungsgemäßen Nebelsätze als vorkonfektionierte hitzebeständige Dipole aus Graphit oder einem leitfähig gemachten oder in-situ leitfähigen keramischen Material wie beispielsweise Ziconiumoxid oder Aluminiumoxid die mit pyrotechnischen Stoffen beschichtet sind. Diese Dipole werden durch die heißen Gas-Schwaden beim Abbrand des bekannten Nebelsatzes mitgerissen.For this purpose, the fog sets according to the invention contain as pre-assembled heat-resistant dipoles made of graphite or a ceramic material made conductive or in-situ conductive, such as ziconium oxide or aluminum oxide, which are coated with pyrotechnic substances. These dipoles are entrained by the hot swathes of gas when the known mist theorem burns up.
Die Dipole bestehen aus dünnen, leitfähigen Fasern, deren Länge auf die für die typischen Zielerfassungs- und Verfolgungssysteme üblichen Frequenzbänder abgestimmt ist. Für die Frequenzen von 35, 94, 140 u. 220 Ghz wird beispielsweise eine Mischung aus Längen von 1 bis 30 mm verwendet. Der Faserdurchmesser liegt bei 0,001 bis 0,1 mm, vorzugsweise 0,005 bis 0,02 mm.The dipoles consist of thin, conductive fibers, the length of which is matched to the frequency bands common to typical target acquisition and tracking systems. For the frequencies of 35, 94, 140 u. 220 Ghz, for example, a mixture of lengths from 1 to 30 mm is used. The fiber diameter is 0.001 to 0.1 mm, preferably 0.005 to 0.02 mm.
Die leitfähigen Fasern bestehen entweder aus Metall oder Graphit, der durch Verkohlung von gesponnenen Kunststoff-Fasern hergestellt ist, oder aus Glas-, Keramik- oder Kunststoff-Fasern, die durch einen Metallüberzug leitfähig gemacht sind. Methoden zum Beschichten von Oberflächen mit einem sehr dünnen Metallfilm sind bekannt.The conductive fibers consist either of metal or graphite, which is produced by charring spun plastic fibers, or of glass, ceramic or plastic fibers, which are made conductive by a metal coating. Methods for coating surfaces with a very thin metal film are known.
Beispielsweise lassen sich Metalle aus der Gasphase auf den Fasern abscheiden. Ebenso können aus Übergangsmetallorganylen, insbesondere Carbonylen, durch Erhitzen bei vermindertem Druck die reinen Metalle auf den Fasern abgeschieden werden. Alternativ ist auch das /n-s/uv-leitfähig machen mit Hilfe einer pyrotechni- scher Beschichtung denkbar. Diese könnte unter dem Einfluß der Reaktions- wärme des Hauptsatzes unter Bildung eines leitfähigen z.B. metallischen Überzugs abreagieren. Als Überzugsmaterialien für die keramischen Fasern kommen daher pyrotechnische Schalter-Systeme in Frage. Geeignete Systeme sind in Schema. 1 wiedergegeben.For example, metals can be deposited on the fibers from the gas phase. Likewise, the pure metals can be deposited on the fibers from transition metal organyls, in particular carbonyls, by heating under reduced pressure. Alternatively, the / ns / uv-conductive is also conceivable with the help of a pyrotechnic coating. Under the influence of the reaction React heat from the main theorem to form a conductive, for example metallic, coating. Pyrotechnic switch systems are therefore suitable as coating materials for the ceramic fibers. Suitable systems are in the scheme. 1 reproduced.
2 PbO + Si > Si02 + 2 Pb2 PbO + Si> Si0 2 + 2 Pb
2 CuO + Si > Si02 + 2 Cu2 CuO + Si> Si0 2 + 2 Cu
2 CuO + Ti > Ti02 + 2 Cu2 CuO + Ti> Ti0 2 + 2 Cu
3 NiO + 2 B > B203 + 3 Ni3 NiO + 2 B> B 2 0 3 + 3 Ni
Wie in der Figur 1 dargestellt ist, wird die Dipolfaser 3 erfindungsgemäß zunächst mit einer Phosphor- oder Phosphorsulfidbeschichtung 2 überzogen, welche nach dem Ausbringen und Verteilen der Dipole abbrennt und den Auftrieb derselben erhöht bzw. ihre Sinkrate verlangsamt und zusätzlich eine starke IR-Emission erzeugt. Ferner weisen diese Fasern noch einen Anzünd-Überzug 1 auf, welcher eine bekannte, leicht brennbare pyrotechnische Masse aus einem Brennstoff, beispielsweise roter Phosphor, Hexachlorcyclohexan, Metallpulver etc., ein Oxidati- onsmittel, beispielsweise Alkalinitrat, Alkaliperchlorat etc., und ein Bindemittel aus einem polymeren Kunststoff und gegebenenfalls noch Abbrandmoderatoren enthält.As shown in FIG. 1, the dipole fiber 3 is first coated according to the invention with a phosphor or phosphor sulfide coating 2, which burns off after the dipoles have been applied and distributed and increases their buoyancy or slows their rate of descent and additionally generates a strong IR emission . Furthermore, these fibers also have an ignition coating 1, which comprises a known, easily combustible pyrotechnic mass from a fuel, for example red phosphorus, hexachlorocyclohexane, metal powder etc., an oxidizing agent, for example alkali nitrate, alkali perchlorate etc., and a binder a polymeric plastic and, if appropriate, also contains combustion moderators.
Aus Stabilitätsgründen und als Oxidationsschutz kann gegebenenfalls noch eine Deckschicht (in der Figur nicht dargestellt) aus einem Kunststofflack vorgesehen sein. Alle Schichten entsprechen in ihrer Dicke größenordnungsmäßig der Faserdicke selbst, d. h. weisen Dicken von 0,001 bis 0,1 mm, vorzugsweise 0,01 bis 0,02 mm auf und werden üblicherweise durch Eintauchen oder Besprühen der Fasern mit entsprechenden Lösungen oder Suspensionen der Bestandteile und Trocknen der Lösemittel hergestellt. Die erfindungsgemäßen Faserdipole werden mit an sich bekannten pyrotechni- schen Nebelmassen, die im sichtbaren und infraroten Spektralbereich stark streuende und absorbierende Aerosole erzeugen, gemischt und in für die Ausbringung geeignete Preßkörper oder Granulate geformt. Diese werden in ebenfalls bekannter Weise mit entsprechenden Zündern, Anzündladungen, Treibladungen etc. in Hüllen zu den gewünschten Nebelwurfkörpern, Nebel-Granaten oder Raketen vereinigt. Die entsprechenden Techniken sind mit denen von bekannten Nebelkörpern für IR- und sichtbares Spektrum identisch, so daß auf eine gesonderte Beschreibung verzichtet wird.For reasons of stability and as protection against oxidation, a cover layer (not shown in the figure) made of a plastic lacquer can optionally also be provided. The thickness of all the layers corresponds to the size of the fiber itself, ie it has a thickness of 0.001 to 0.1 mm, preferably 0.01 to 0.02 mm, and is usually obtained by immersing or spraying the fibers with appropriate solutions or suspensions of the constituents and drying them of the solvent. The fiber dipoles according to the invention are mixed with known pyrotechnic nebulas, which produce aerosols which are highly scattering and absorbing in the visible and infrared spectral range, and are shaped into compacts or granules suitable for application. These are also combined in a known manner with corresponding detonators, ignition charges, propellant charges, etc. in casings to form the desired smoke projectiles, smoke grenades or missiles. The corresponding techniques are identical to those of known fog bodies for the IR and visible spectrum, so that a separate description is dispensed with.
Das folgende Beispiel soll die Erfindung verdeutlichen, ohne sie jedoch zu beschränken:The following example is intended to illustrate the invention without, however, restricting it:
Beispielexample
500 g Graphitfasern (50 % 35 GHz, 25 % 94 GHz, 12,5 % 144 GHz und 12,5 % 220 GHz-Faser-Cut) werden 5 min in einer gesättigten Lösung von Phosphor- sesquisulfid in Schwefelkohlenstoff geschüttelt und im Vakuum bei 40°C und 20 mbar getrocknet.500 g of graphite fibers (50% 35 GHz, 25% 94 GHz, 12.5% 144 GHz and 12.5% 220 GHz fiber cut) are shaken for 5 min in a saturated solution of phosphorus sesquisulfide in carbon disulphide and in a vacuum 40 ° C and 20 mbar dried.
Nach dem Trocknen der Fasern werden diese durch Tauchen in einer Suspension aauuss RRootteemm PPhhoosspphhoorr ((5500 %%)),, BBiiss((ηη55--ccyyccllooppeennttaaddiieennyyll)eisen (25%), Kaliumnitrat (23 %) und einem Novolak-Binder (2 %) beschichtet.After the fibers have dried, they are immersed in a suspension of RRootteemm PPhhoosspphhoorr ((5500 %%)), BBiiss ((ηη 55 --ccyyccllooppeennttaaddiieennyyll) iron (25%), potassium nitrate (23%) and a novolak binder ( 2%) coated.
Aus 100 g vorbehandelter Fasern und einem herkömmlichen Tarnnebelsatz bspw. gemäß folgender Rezeptur wird eine erfindungsgemäße Wirkmasse hergestellt: 2750 g Rotem Phosphor, 990 g Kaliumnitrat, 220 g Silicium, 220 g Bor, 220 g Zir- konium/Eisen-Legierung und 990 g Macroplast-Binder (30 % Festkörper) wird durch schrittweise Zugabe der Komponenten zum roten Phosphor ein teigiger Satz erzeugt. Die lösemittelfeuchte Masse wird (7 mm Maschenweite) gesiebt und 20 Minuten im Vakuum bei 40°C und 20 mbar getrocknet. Das Granulat wird mit einem Pressdruck von 20 Tonnen zu zylindrischen Pressungen von 7 mm Kantenhöhe und 74 mm Durchmesser verpresst. Eine Tablette besitzt eine Brennzeit von ca 27 Sekunden.An active composition according to the invention is produced from 100 g of pretreated fibers and a conventional camouflage fog set, for example according to the following recipe: 2750 g of red phosphorus, 990 g of potassium nitrate, 220 g of silicon, 220 g of boron, 220 g of zirconium conium / iron alloy and 990 g Macroplast binder (30% solids) is created by gradually adding the components to the red phosphorus. The solvent-moist mass is sieved (7 mm mesh size) and dried for 20 minutes in a vacuum at 40 ° C. and 20 mbar. The granulate is pressed with a pressure of 20 tons to cylindrical presses with 7 mm edge height and 74 mm diameter. One tablet has a burning time of approx. 27 seconds.
Der erfindungsgemäß laborierte Nebelstoff dämpft die Strahlung im Infraroten und visuellen sehr gut (> 95 %) darüber hinaus wird im Millimeterwellenbereich in den betreffenden Frequenzbändern (35, 94, 140 und 220 GHz) eine Dämpfung von jeweils etwa 20 dB erreicht. The fog substance which is laboratoryized according to the invention attenuates the radiation in the infrared and visual very well (> 95%). In addition, attenuation of approximately 20 dB is achieved in the respective frequency bands (35, 94, 140 and 220 GHz) in the millimeter wave range.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Pyrotechnischer Nebelsatz zur Erzeugung eines im sichtbaren, infraroten und im Millimeterwellen-Bereich undurchdringlichen Aerosols für Tarn- und Täuschzwecke, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß faseiförmige leitfähige Dipole oder in-situ leitfähig werdende Dipol-Vorläufer und als herkömmliche pyrotechnische im visuellen wie infaroten Bereich wirksamer Nebelmassen zu einem gemeinsamen Satz vereinigt sind.1. Pyrotechnic fog set for generating a visible, infrared and millimeter-wave impenetrable aerosol for camouflage and deceptive purposes, characterized in that phase-shaped conductive dipoles or in-situ conductive dipole precursors and as conventional pyrotechnic in the visual and infra-red area more effective Nebula masses are combined in a common sentence.
2. Pyrotechnischer Satz nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die vorkonfektionierten Dipole der elektromagnetischen Strahlung im Millimeterwellenbereich den für Zielsuchgeräte üblichen Frequenzbändern entsprechen.2. Pyrotechnic set according to claim 1, characterized in that the pre-assembled dipoles of electromagnetic radiation in the millimeter wave range correspond to the frequency bands usual for homing devices.
3. Pyrotechnischer Satz nach den vorhergehenden Ansprüchen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Satz 5 bis 25 % vorkonfektionierte Dipole oder deren Vorläuferenthält.3. Pyrotechnic set according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the set contains 5 to 25% pre-assembled dipoles or their precursors.
4. Pyrotechnischer Satz nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Dipole aus dünnen leitfähigen Fasern aus Metall, Graphit oder aus Glas-, Keramik- oder Kunststoffasern, die mit einem leitfähigen Überzug aus Metall versehen sind, bestehen, eine Länge von 1 bis 30 mm und einen Durchmesser von 0,001 bis 0,1 mm aufweisen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Fasern mit einer ersten Schicht aus Phosphor oder Phosphorsulfid und einer zweiten Anzündschicht aus einem Brennstoff, einem Oxidationsmittel und einem Bindemittel überzogen sind, wobei diese Schichten Dicken von 0,001 bis 0,1 mm aufweisen. Pyrotechnischer Satz nach den vorhergehenden Ansprüchen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Dipole aus Graphitfasern, die mit Phosphorsesquisulfid sowie mit einer Mischung aus 50% rotem Phosphor, 25 % Bis(η5-cyclopentadienyl)eisen, 23 % Kaliumnitrat und 2 % Novolak-Binder beschichtet sind. 4. Pyrotechnic kit according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the dipoles made of thin conductive fibers made of metal, graphite or glass, ceramic or plastic fibers, which are provided with a conductive coating made of metal, a length of 1 to 30 mm and have a diameter of 0.001 to 0.1 mm, characterized in that the fibers are coated with a first layer of phosphorus or phosphorus sulfide and a second ignition layer of a fuel, an oxidizing agent and a binder, these layers having thicknesses of 0.001 to 0 , 1 mm. Pyrotechnic kit according to the preceding claims, characterized in that dipoles made of graphite fibers are coated with phosphorus sesquisulfide and with a mixture of 50% red phosphorus, 25% bis (η 5 -cyclopentadienyl) iron, 23% potassium nitrate and 2% novolak binder .
EP00906220A 1999-03-27 2000-01-24 Pyrotechnic smoke screen units for producing an aerosol impenetrable in the visible, infrared and millimetric wave range Expired - Lifetime EP1173395B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19914095 1999-03-27
DE19914095A DE19914095A1 (en) 1999-03-27 1999-03-27 Pyrotechnic mist set for generating an aerosol that is impenetrable in the visible, infrared and millimeter-wave range
PCT/EP2000/000499 WO2000058238A1 (en) 1999-03-27 2000-01-24 Pyrotechnic smoke screen units for producing an aerosol impenetrable in the visible, infrared and millimetric wave range

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1173395A1 true EP1173395A1 (en) 2002-01-23
EP1173395B1 EP1173395B1 (en) 2002-12-11

Family

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Family Applications (1)

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EP00906220A Expired - Lifetime EP1173395B1 (en) 1999-03-27 2000-01-24 Pyrotechnic smoke screen units for producing an aerosol impenetrable in the visible, infrared and millimetric wave range

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US6578492B1 (en)
EP (1) EP1173395B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2002540375A (en)
AT (1) ATE229489T1 (en)
DE (2) DE19914095A1 (en)
DK (1) DK1173395T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2188507T3 (en)
IL (1) IL145113A0 (en)
PT (1) PT1173395E (en)
TR (1) TR200102720T2 (en)
WO (1) WO2000058238A1 (en)

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DE102004047231B4 (en) 2004-09-28 2008-08-21 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh submunitions
DE102005020159B4 (en) * 2005-04-29 2007-10-04 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Camouflage and deception ammunition for the protection of objects against missiles
US7343861B1 (en) 2005-05-31 2008-03-18 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Device and method for producing an infrared emission at a given wavelength
US7710643B2 (en) 2007-01-31 2010-05-04 Alion Science And Technology Corporation Apparatus for and method of delivering visual image into air
WO2009048599A1 (en) * 2007-10-09 2009-04-16 The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York Friend or foe detection
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
TR200102720T2 (en) 2002-04-22
JP2002540375A (en) 2002-11-26
ES2188507T3 (en) 2003-07-01
IL145113A0 (en) 2002-06-30
DK1173395T3 (en) 2003-03-10
DE19914095A1 (en) 2000-09-28
ATE229489T1 (en) 2002-12-15
DE50000928D1 (en) 2003-01-23
EP1173395B1 (en) 2002-12-11
WO2000058238A1 (en) 2000-10-05
US6578492B1 (en) 2003-06-17
PT1173395E (en) 2003-04-30

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