EP1165883B1 - Element chauffant, corps chauffable et procede de fabrication d'un tel corps - Google Patents

Element chauffant, corps chauffable et procede de fabrication d'un tel corps Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1165883B1
EP1165883B1 EP00917012A EP00917012A EP1165883B1 EP 1165883 B1 EP1165883 B1 EP 1165883B1 EP 00917012 A EP00917012 A EP 00917012A EP 00917012 A EP00917012 A EP 00917012A EP 1165883 B1 EP1165883 B1 EP 1165883B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating element
cavity
adhesive material
heating
electrically insulative
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP00917012A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1165883A2 (fr
Inventor
Nicholas J. Racster
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Individual
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F5/00—Elements specially adapted for movement
    • F28F5/02—Rotary drums or rollers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21G—CALENDERS; ACCESSORIES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
    • D21G1/00—Calenders; Smoothing apparatus
    • D21G1/02—Rolls; Their bearings
    • D21G1/0253—Heating or cooling the rolls; Regulating the temperature
    • D21G1/028—Heating or cooling the rolls; Regulating the temperature using electrical means
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21G—CALENDERS; ACCESSORIES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
    • D21G1/00—Calenders; Smoothing apparatus
    • D21G1/02—Rolls; Their bearings
    • D21G1/0253—Heating or cooling the rolls; Regulating the temperature
    • D21G1/0286—Regulating the axial or circumferential temperature profile of the roll

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a heating element for a body having a temperature controllable outer surface.
  • the present invention relates to a heatable body having a temperature controllable surface and comprising a plurality of open-end elongate cavities, each of said cavities being provided with at least one electrical heating element.
  • the invention also relates to a method of making a body having a temperature controllable outer surface, the body having a plurality of elongate cavities with openings at either end to receive heating elements.
  • the invention relates particularly, though not exclusively, to rolls or bowls for calendering sheet materials such as for example paper, steel, plastics, board, cloth, foodstuffs, etc..
  • Rolls having a temperature controllable surface are extensively used in paper making, and are often called Thermo calender rolls. Such rolls are usually cylindrical, having a typical axial length of less than 0.5 meters to about 15 meters. A typical 12 meter calender roll weighs over 80 tons, and is formed by a casting process in which the cooling rate is controlled such that a very hard, smooth martensite surface forms on a nodular iron core. Much research and development has gone into the manufacturing process to provide the current state of the art. The surface of a typical roll will be ground to a mirror-like finish, having a surface roughness of less than 0.1 micrometers.
  • Systems using a hot fluid lack good temperature control, and typically require air jets to cool larger surface areas not in contact with the product in order to minimise damage to plastic coated non-heated bodies facing the heated body in use.
  • this non-heated body may also require air jet cooling to reduce the temperature differential across the axial length of the surface cover of the non-heated body in use.
  • Said lack of good temperature control also causes the roll's journals to operate at too high a temperature, which in turn, even with bearing cooling through increased circulatory lubrication, reduces the operating life of the journal bearings.
  • a heating mat made of silicone and heating wires is rolled up into the shape of an expandable pipe, and inserted into the bore holes.
  • the mat is fixed in place either by using a layer of adhesive on the outer surface of the rolled up heating mat, and/or by vulcanising.
  • an inflatable inner tube is inserted into the expandable pipe, and this tube is inflated to provide good contact between the pipe and the bore surface whilst the adhesive material is curing or the silicone is vulcanised.
  • the heating element comprises an elongate rod-shaped carrier which is at least partially surrounded by an electrically insulative material having embedded therein resistance heating means.
  • the carrier is surrounded by the electrically insulative material by an angle of substantially 315°, in order to facilitate the insertion of the heating element by providing a passage for an adhesive material used for fixing the heating element in the cavity of the heatable body.
  • the material-free gap 360° - 315° provides a short passage for release of excess adhesive material and acetoxy vapors released during cure of the adhesive layer.
  • the resistance heating means comprises a heating foil, which is either pressed or etched from film or sheet material
  • the resistance heating means is advantegously relativly flat.
  • the heater foil may be chosen dependent on the necessary voltage, current and resistance and will therefore be made from an electrically conductive material, like cooper, steel, nickel, nickel chromium, aluminium, etc..
  • the resistance heating means comprises a heating wire.
  • the electrically insulative material comprising said resistance heating means forms at least one heating mat attached to the rod-shaped carrier.
  • the heating mat may be prefabricated, and may be attached to the rod-shaped carrier e.g. by a silicone adhesive.
  • uniform radial pressure should be exerted during attaching the heating mat to the carrier rod, e.g. by winding a foil around the mat and/or using a die to apply a uniform, radial, compressive force.
  • the rod-shaped carrier defines at least one inner passage for accommodating connection leads for the resistance heating means. This provides a convenient and secure connection of the resistance heating means with a power supply, where the connection leads are protected by the carrier's outer body.
  • the rod-shaped carrier is simply a tube.
  • the rod-shaped carrier comprises a plurality of openings provided in an electrically insulative material-free area and extending from the outer surface of the rod-shaped carrier to the inner passage. Therefore the adhesive material, which is used for fixing the heating element in a cavity, can escape to the inside of the rod-shaped carrier and a blockage of the heating element during insertion is avoided.
  • Acetoxy vapors released during cure of the adhesive layer do not react chemically with steels, but can permeate through the relatively limited volume of the heating element and the adhesive material comprising the chemical and/or mechanical bond between the rod-shaped carrier and the cavity surface respectively, and the excess adhesive material filling the gap in the heating element on the rod-shaped carrier and penetrating the openings in the rod-shaped carrier to protrude slightly into (but not filling) the rod-shaped carrier, compared with the axial length of the heating element and/or the axial length of chemical and or mechanical bond between said heating element and cavity surface (after insertion of the heating element).
  • a deflector which extends from one front face of the rod-shaped carrier to the free space between the longitudinally extending edges of the electrically insulative material.
  • the heating element can be advantageously inserted into a cavity of a heatable body without clogging the inner passage of the carrier tube.
  • the plug or bung is removed after insertion of the heating element, air can pass through the inner passage when a second heating element is inserted into the respective cavity from the opposite side thereof.
  • the rod-shaped carrier preferably is made of metallic material, for example copper or steel. Such material is suitable since it is both electrically and thermally conductive. Steel is particularly suitable since its thermal expansivity is very similar to silopren and other silicone materials. Further the thermal conductivity of a metallic carrier helps to reduce the operating temperature of the underside of the heater mats in operation, by conducting the heat away from the underside of the heater mats.
  • the heating element is intended to be provided in a body which is rotating in operation, it is advantageous if the resistance heating means is arranged within said electrically insulative material so as to minimize external electromagnetic fields in use, which is particularly relevant for use with modern direct current, fuel cell electricity generation units.
  • the resistance heating means is arranged such, that in use, electric current in adjacent conductors flows in opposite directions.
  • the electromagnetic fields of adjacent conductors will interfere, and therefore there will be substantially no external electromagnetic fields.
  • the heating element comprises a plurality of separate heating mats to define different heating zones along said rod-shaped carrier, the heating element can advantageously be used to provide different temperatures (e.g. different heat fluxes) in different zones.
  • the electric current in a respective heating mat can be controlled independently of those in other heating mats.
  • the electrically insulative material comprises silicone.
  • an electrically insulative material comprising polyimide.
  • the electrically insulative material comprises compressed glass, ceramic, metal oxide, and/or PAN (Polyacrylonitrile) fibres; or mica material.
  • the heater mat may be sintered under pressure so eliminating the need for chemical and mechanical binder additives like resins, silicones and PAN fibre additives. Such sintering under pressure causes the component materials to bond chemicaly at elevated temperatures, typically 700°C - 900°C.
  • the at least one heating mat is attached to the carrier by an adhesive material.
  • the connection patch of the heater mat since it protrudes through the carrier tube does act as an anchor within the heating element to prevent movement, particularly during attachment to the carrier tube.
  • the heating mat may comprise at least one temperature sensor.
  • the heating elements may comprise a temperature sensor, since it may be sufficient to control the temperature in one or two cavities in the heatable body in which the heating elements will be inserted.
  • the heating mat comprises at least one temperature sensor in a middle region of the heating mat. This middle mat region is next to the body surface when the heating element has been inserted.
  • heating mat comprises at least one temperature sensor in an edge region
  • this at least one temperature sensor can be used to watch and control the temperature of the body or the temperature of the foil at some distance from the body surface. Where measuring foil temperature it is possible to detect the onset of overheat and to prevent overheat occurance.
  • the temperature sensor comprises coated junctions, for example dipped in Teflon, the junctions of the temperature sensors are thermally conductive but electrically insulative, and capable of 400°C. Therefore the temperature sensors can be advantageously placed in direct contact with the resistance heating means in the heating mats, thus the temperature of the heating mats can be measured almost in "real time”.
  • the electrically insulative material of each respective heating element is fixed with its outer surface to the surface of a respective cavity by an adhesive material.
  • the adhesive material is an electrically insulative material, there is advantageously no risk that parts of the heating element could be short-circuited by the heatable body.
  • the adhesive material comprises silicone, in order to achieve a particularly reliable attachment of the heating element to the heatable body.
  • each heating element is provided with at least one temperature sensor which is in a position next to the outer surface of the body.
  • the cavities of the heatable body are manufactured by drilling, it is easier do produce them only by drilling slightly more than half of the cavity from one side and slightly less than half from the other side of the body.
  • any step (crack propagation sites) located at the mid point along the axial length of the roll is avoided which is important since this is the point of maximum bending stress.
  • a slight step between the two drills may occur, and therefore it is advantageous if in each cavity two at least substantially coaxial heating elements are provided which are inserted from each open end of each cavity. However, two or more heating elements may nevertheless be inserted in a single cavity even if there is no step, depending on the axial length of the heatable body.
  • the cavities and heating elements both are substantially cylindrical.
  • the heating element is provided in a position in said cavity in which the portion without said electrically insulative material is facing away from the body's outer surface, the stresses are advantageously reduced in the body's surface annular layer, if the body has an annular form, by heating the surface annular layer of the body (of inherently lower thermal expansivity) more than the body's core annulus (which is of higher thermal expansivity).
  • the adhesive material has at least some resilience after curing.
  • the body is a calender roll, as is used in the paper making industry.
  • the method of making a body according to the invention comprises the steps:
  • the insertion of the heating elements in the cavities is further facilitated by the use of the friction reducing material on the outer surface of the heating elements, which may be applied by a spray system.
  • all the methods comprise feeding adhesive material into said cavity to form a slug at the insertion end thereof, prior to insertion of the heating element.
  • the inner wall of said cavities is coated with a layer of an adhesive material prior to insertion of the heating element.
  • the layer of adhesive material provided is thicker than the final gap between the heating element and the inner wall of the cavity, the excess adhesive material being removed from the cavity prior to or by insertion of the heating element.
  • the adhesive material is partially cured to provide dimensional stability prior to the excess adhesive material being removed, advantageously the risk of creating areas where no adhesive material is provided is avoided.
  • the heating element is coated with adhesive material by guiding it through a reservoir of a liquid adhesive material which is provided at the opening of respective elongate cavity, the heating element can easily be fed through the reservoir and a layer of adhesive material is formed on the heating element.
  • the heating element is coated with adhesive material by spraying adhesive material on the heating element at the opening of the respective elongate cavity, by which a layer of adhesive material is formed quantitatively in relatively precise amounts.
  • the heating element is coated with adhesive material by passing the heating element along a loaded brush (or vice versa) which is provided at the opening of the respective elongate cavity.
  • the heating element can be attached to the cavity easily and will be resiliently fixed in the cavity.
  • each heating element is supported along its length by a metal sleeve whilst being inserted into the cavity, one end of the metal sleeve being located adjacent one end of the said cavity, the sleeve and cavity being located along a common axis during insertion of the heating element, the insertion of the heating element in the cavity is facilitated in an advantageous manner.
  • the excess adhesive material is removed by passing a scraper having a cross section similar to that of the heating element through the cavity, in order to create a passage for the heating element which is coated with adhesive material for attaching the heating element to the body.
  • the scraper takes the form of a rigid element having a tip which tapers in the direction of insertion along the cavity.
  • the excess adhesive material may be removed simply by insertion of the heating element, the heating element having a temporarily sealed insertion end.
  • a collector tube is provided in the cavity from the opposite end, for receiving excess adhesive material and discharging said excess adhesive material by removing the collector tube from the cavity after insertion of the heating element.
  • the collector tube is advantageously rotated when being removed after insertion of the heating element for removing said excess adhesive material by discharging means provided inside said collector tube.
  • discharging means cross-shaped blades may be provided in the collector tube, wherein a plurality of cross-shaped blades may be arranged parallel, or a helical blade-structure may be provided.
  • the end of the first heating element is temporarily sealed by a bung during insertion, which bung is removed by pulling on a bung cable after having finished the insertion step, air can escape from the cavity through the passage in the carrier tube when a second heating element is inserted in the cavity.
  • the bung is provided adjacent to the inner end of the collector tube while removing the bung and the collector tube from said cavity.
  • the pin can advantageously be used as a means against which a force is applied to the heating element to push it into the cavity against resistance of the adhesive material.
  • Fig. 1 shows a side view of a typical heatable calender roll 1 supported by journals 2, 2a on both sides of the roll 1.
  • a small gap 4 is provided between the outer surface 5 of roll 1 and an adjacent polymer coated roll 6.
  • the cavities 7 are provided next to the outer surface 5 of roll 1 and are substantially parallel to the axis of rotation 1'. Since the cavities 7 are manufactured by drilling from both sides of the roll 1 it may happen that the bores 7', 7'' are not exactly coaxial. As shown in Fig. 1 the bores 7', 7'' may not meet in the middle of roll 1 in order to keep stress concentration away from the point of maximum bending stress. Furthermore, there may be a slight misalignment between the bores 7', 7'', leading to a step between that bores, as may be seen from Figure 1.
  • the outer surface 5 of roll 1 provides a plurality of independently controllable temperature zones, as shown in Fig. 9.
  • Line 8 in Fig. 2 shows the surface temperature profile of a roll 1 with an oil or steam type heating system, according to the prior art, which is non-symmetrical, and where only one temperature zone can be created.
  • the heating medium oil or steam
  • the electrical heating system it is possible to control and power a plurality of independently heatable zones (cf. Fig. 9), without heating the journals 2, 2a.
  • the heat flux profile 11 can be advantageously kept constant over paper sheet width 12, which is of highest importance for the manufacturing of paper sheets.
  • Figure 3 shows a rather schematic view of a calender roll 1 having a plurality of cavities (channels) 7 near its outer surface 5, for insertion of heating elements 13 (as e.g. in Fig. 4 or 5), to allow for temperature control of the outer surface 5 of the roll body. Further bolt locations 14 for the connection to journals 2, 2a (cf. Fig. 1) are shown. Inside the roll 1 an internal bore 15 is provided which may be used for receiving cables 16 (cf. Fig. 5) of heating elements 13.
  • Figure 4 shows a cross section of an embodiment of a heating element 13 with a heating mat 17 attached to a full-material rod-shaped carrier 18 and comprising resistance heating means 19.
  • the heating element 13 is cylindrical, and has a diameter between 0 and 2 mm smaller than that of the corresponding cylindrical elongate cavity 7 (cf. Fig. 3) into which it is to be inserted.
  • the resistance heating means 19 comprises the wires 21' which are made from nichrome provided with an optional electroplated coating of copper to improve adhesion between the wire 21' and the silicone material 20 of the heating mat 17, where the wire 21' itself is not made from copper.
  • the resistance heating means 19 is a heating foil 19', which is provided in a heating mat 17 formed on or bonded to the outer surface 22 of a metal tube 23.
  • the heating mat 17 surrounds the metal tube 23 by an angle ⁇ , which may be substantially 315°, as shown in Figure 5.
  • the resistance heating means 19 is welded to connection leads 24, and thermocouples 25, 26 (cf. Figures 7 and 8) are connected to connections leads 27 via at least one opening 28 in the tube-shaped carrier 23.
  • short intermittent slots 29 are provided along the carrier tube 23, s. also Figure 10, in order to allow adhesive material 30 (cf. Fig. 15a) which is used to fix the heating element 13 in a respective cavity 7 to escape into an inner passage 31 of the carrier tube 23.
  • the material 20 of mat 17 may comprise silicone material, polyimide material or glass, ceramic, metal oxide, and/or PAN fibre containing material, which is electrically insulative when cured.
  • the tube 23 may be cylindrical in cross section, and may comprise, for example, copper or steel. Both are suitable since they are both electrically and thermally conductive.
  • the thermal conductivity of this heating element tube 23 helps to reduce the operating temperature of the underside 32 of the heater mats 17 in operation, by conducting the heat away from the underside 32 of the heater mats 17.
  • the inner passage 31 may be filled with adhesive silicone material or a combination of silicone and a conductive metal oxide fibre after the insertion of the heating element 13 in the cavity 7. This stabilises the electrical cables 16, 24, 27 inside the heating element 13.
  • a second series of bore holes may be drilled in the roll 1 in order to effect separate cooling.
  • the holes may be used as a conduit for a cooling fluid in use if desired.
  • Figure 6 shows a view of the heating element 13 according to line VI in Fig. 5.
  • a plurality of heating mats 17 may be provided on the carrier tube 23, only one heating mat 17 is shown in Fig. 6, wherein the conductors 21 of the heating foils 19' are shown dotted.
  • the conductors 21 are provided in a meander-like shape. Since the current of each adjacent conductors 21 will flow in opposite direction the electromagnetic forces will interfere and therefore be substantially cancelled even when the roll is rotating.
  • thermocouples 25, 26 or resistance thermometers can be embedded at various points in the heating element 13 to enable temperature monitoring of the heating element 13 in-situ.
  • Figures 7 and 8 show schematic views of a heater mat 17 for the attachment to a carrier 18, 23.
  • the heater mat 17 comprises a first temperature sensor 25 in its middle region and a second temperature sensor or thermocouple 26 in an edge region of the heating mat 17.
  • the first temperature sensor 25 is attached on the carrier 18, 23 and in the cavity 7 such that it is next to the outer surface 5 of a body 1 (cf. Figures 1 and 5), in order to sense and to control the actual temperature of the body 1 near its outer surface 5.
  • the heating element 13 is inserted in the cavity 7 such that a region 33 where the metal tube 23 is not surrounded by the heating mat 17 is in a position facing away from the outer surface 5 of the roll body 1 (cf. Fig. 5).
  • the gap between the cavity 7 and the outer surface of the heating element 13, including the region 33 where no heating mat 17 is provided, is filled by adhesive material 30, in order to fix the heating element 13 in the cavity 7 when cured.
  • thermocouple 26 in the mounted state, is provided more centrally in the cavity 7 and serves also to control the temperature of the roll body and on the other hand serves as security sensor to avoid overheating. Further, conductor connection leads 27 are shown in Figure 8. All connection leads 24, 27 are passed through a recess 28 in the tube 23, cf. Figure 5, to the interior of tube 23.
  • the heating foil 19 is provided between a top sheet 34 and a bottom sheet 35 both made of silicone comprising material 20.
  • the temperature sensors 25, 26 are positioned so that the top of them is at the same level as the heating foil 19'.
  • the heater mat 17 silicone preferably comprises a methyl vinyl silicone, in particular Rhodia Silicone MM40THT, of initial cured state Shore "A" hardness of greater than 60 after curing, but preferably 70 - 110.
  • the thermal conductivity of the silicone materials comprising the heating mat 17 and the adhesive layer are preferably between 0.1 and 0.5 W m -2 K -1 .
  • This MM40THT silicone is capable of operating temperatures up to 315°C, and is available from Rhodia Silicones Ltd, Male Business Park, Leatherhead, Surrey, KT22 7BA, England. Though the properties of both may be altered by adding ceramic or metal oxide fibres to enhance the thermal conductivity, and the maximum operating temperature.
  • the heater mat 17 may comprise a polyimide material, such as Kapton from Du Pont. Kapton can be used for heating mat temperatures up to 250°C and will be suitable for low to medium speeds of the roll body as silicone comprising material, too.
  • Kapton can be used for heating mat temperatures up to 250°C and will be suitable for low to medium speeds of the roll body as silicone comprising material, too.
  • heater mats 17 comprising compressed glass fibres and/or other ceramic and/or metal oxide fibres and/or PAN (Polyacrylonitrile) fibres pressed together, in order to provide a heating element for high temperature use.
  • Such heating mats may have a temperature up to 500 °C and can be used for roll bodies rotating at high speeds.
  • the resistance heating means 19 may be arranged to produce a plurality of different zones 36 which can be set to respective temperatures.
  • FIG. 9 A resulting temperature profile 37 possible using such a zonal system is shown schematically in Fig. 9, in which the different zones 36 are labelled “zone 1" to “zone 9" respectively.
  • the y axis denotes the temperature at the surface of the roll
  • the x axis denotes the distance along the roll.
  • the solid lines 38 indicate the nominal temperature settings in each respective zone, whilst the dotted line 39 indicates the resultant temperature profile.
  • Zone temperature control can be performed with conventional feedback systems commonly used for furnace zone temperature control.
  • Figures 10 and 11 show in detail the insertion end 40 of heating element 13.
  • a bung 43 is provided, which is made from steel, plastic or rubber.
  • the bung 43 is supported on an insert 44 which is accommodated in the inner passage 31 of element 13.
  • a deflector 45 is provided which causes a pressure gradient in the direction of deflector taper so as to promote the passage (flow) of excess liquid silicone 30 through the gap in the heater mat 33, in a direction opposing the axial force applied to insert the heating element 13; this helps keep the heater mat face against the side of the cavity 7 nearest the roll surface 5.
  • the bung 43 provides a hook 46 for attaching a cable 47 (cf. Fig. 16a) by which the bung 43 may be removed from the cavity 7.
  • an insertion protector 42 protects the first heating mat 17 on the carrier tube 23 from being damaged due to the flow of silicone 30 over the end of heating element 13 during insertion, and also straightens the flow of silicone 30 over the end of the heating element 13 by displacement of liquid silicone 30 during insertion process.
  • Fig. 12 shows a side view of a collector tube 48 for collecting and carrying out excess adhesive material 30 from the cavities 7.
  • a cross or screw 49 (cf. Fig. 13) is provided in an initial portion 50 of the collector tube 48, e.g. 10 cm.
  • the cross 49 can have a helix like character, i.e. like a screw, or can consist of flat blades 51, as shown in Fig. 13.
  • the collector tube 48 and the cross 49 can be made of plastic or metal, wherein the cross 49 can be fixed into position inside the tube 48 due by friction, weld or glue.
  • the collector tube 48 has an outer diameter that fits well into the cavity 7 of which excess adhesive material 30 is to be carried out.
  • an inner tube 52 is provided for the bung removal cable 47, by which the bung 43 can be removed after insertion of the heating element 13 is finished. In operation, the collector tube 48 is held inside the other end of the cavity 7 during insertion of the heating element 13.
  • the collector tube 48 fills with excess adhesive material 30.
  • the collector tube 48 is rotated, and the rotation is continued while the collector tube 48 is removed in order to detach the adhesive material and to carry the excess away. This leaves the rest of the cavity 7 free of excess adhesive material 30, and therefore unblocked, prior to insertion of the next heating element 13.
  • Block 53 denotes providing a reservoir, a spray or a loaded brush of a liquid adhesive material at an opening of an elongate cavity 7 in a body 1 having a temperature controllable outer surface, the body 1 having a plurality of elongate cavities 7 with openings at either end.
  • Block 54 which is optional, denotes coating the inner wall of said cavities 7 with an adhesive material.
  • Block 55 denotes inserting an elongate heating element 13, which carries one or more electrical heating mats 17, into said cavity 7 through said liquid adhesive material 30, such that the heating element 13 extends along the said cavity 7, and the gap between the heating element 13 and the inner wall of the cavity 7 is substantially filled by said liquid adhesive material 30.
  • Block 56 denotes curing said adhesive material 30 to fix the heating element 13 in place.
  • Figure 15a shows a sectional view of a body 1, in the present example a thermo calender roll, having a temperature controllable surface 5 and a plurality of elongate cavities 7 with openings 7a, 7b at either end of each cavity 7.
  • the elongate cavities 7 are preferably cleaned and decreased before the process commences.
  • a primer may be used in order to chemically clean the surface of the cavity 7 just prior to insertion.
  • a reservoir 57 for a liquid adhesive material 30 is provided adjacent the opening 7a of one elongate cavity 7, and is attached to the steel roll 1 by fixing means 58, such as for example magnetic clamps 58a, 58b.
  • the inner passage 73 (cf. Fig. 17) provides a guide means 59 for the heating element 13 in addition to ensuring that a body of liquid can fill the gap between the heating element 13 and the cavity 7 in the roll 1.
  • a long lead 60 is fed through the cavity 7, so that the heating element 13 (cf. Figures 15b and 15c) and an optional scraper 61 can be fixed to one end of the lead 60 and be pulled into the cavity 7.
  • the lead 60 is fed into the cavity 7 before any liquid adhesive 30 is introduced.
  • Support means 63 such as benches or aligned pipes are provided at either end of the cavity 7.
  • the reservoir 57 is then filled with liquid adhesive material 30 such as, for example, a high temperature silicone rubber, and the scraper 61 is pulled into the cavity 7.
  • the scraper 61 in the present example is shown as being in the shape of a spear, having a conical tip which tapers in the direction 64 of movement along the cavity 7.
  • the elongate cavity 7 can be filled with a quantity of liquid adhesive material 30 in addition to that provided in the reservoir 55 prior to insertion of the scraper 61.
  • the scraper 61 may be rotated as it is drawn through the cavity 7 if desired.
  • Figure 15b shows what the cavity 7 looks like after the scraper 61 has moved through it, and before the heating element 13 has been inserted.
  • a thin layer 65 of the liquid adhesive material 30 1-2 mm in thickness now evenly coats the interior surface of the cylindrical cavity 7, having been dragged along the cavity 7 by the movement of the scraper 61 (cf. Figure 15a). It is possible to partly cure this layer 65 of adhesive material 30 before introducing the heating element 13, thereby promoting dimensional stability.
  • the heating element 13 can be introduced immediately without this curing step.
  • the scraper 61 and heating element 13 can form a single two-part body, the scraper 61 part being removed after the heating element 13 has been inserted.
  • the end 40 of the heating element 13 being first inserted into the cavity must be solid or closed to prevent the liquid adhesive material 30 accumulating inside any channels present in the heating element 13.
  • the heating element 13 and scraper 61 are supported by the support means 63 prior to insertion.
  • Figure 15c shows the cavity 7 and heating element 13 after insertion has been performed. If wished, the closed end 40 of the heating element 13 can now be removed. Although in the above example the scraper 61 and heating element 13 were pulled into the cavity 7, as an alternative they may be pushed in, or sucked in by reducing the air pressure in that part of the cavity 7 not yet filled. Combinations of such insertion methods may be used if desired.
  • the liquid adhesive material 30 may be replaced by a friction reducing fluid prior to insertion of the heating element 13.
  • a friction reducing fluid such as glycerol may be used.
  • the reservoir 55 may be removed or emptied, and the surface of the heating element 13 coated with the friction reducing agent by, for example, spray coating or application from a coated cloth or loaded brush.
  • the liquid adhesive material 30 is preferably a room temperature vulcanising silicone rubber which can withstand continuous temperatures of up to 270°C and peaks of up to 350°C, and which has a Shore "A" hardness of 20 to 60 when cured, very preferably 20 to 40.
  • a room temperature vulcanising silicone rubber which can withstand continuous temperatures of up to 270°C and peaks of up to 350°C, and which has a Shore "A" hardness of 20 to 60 when cured, very preferably 20 to 40.
  • Such material is Dow Corning 736 Heat Resistant Sealant or Dow Corning Q3-1566 and is available from Dow Corning Corporation, Midland, Michigan 48686-0994.
  • the adhesive material 20 is resilient when cured, so as to minimise the likelihood of cracking of the layer 30 or the heating element 3 in use.
  • the elongate cavity 7 in the roll has a rather large step in the middle (cf. Fig. 1), as may happen from time to time, it may not be possible to insert a single element 13 along the entire length of the cavity 7. In this case, two (or more) heating elements 13 may be inserted from different ends of the cavity 7.
  • FIG. 16 a-f A particularly preferred example of the method according to the invention which refers to the insertion of two ore more heating elements 13 is shown in Figures 16 a-f.
  • the bung cable 47 is feed through cavity 7 and the inner tube 52 of the collector tube 48, as shown in Fig. 16a.
  • the bung cable 47 is temporarily tied-off and the collector tube 48 is inserted into the open end 7b of the cavity 7 opposed to the opening 7a into which the heating element 13 will be inserted, while measuring the insertion depth.
  • some liquid adhesive material 30 is introduced into the open end 7a of the cavity 7 when the reservoir 57 for liquid adhesive material 30 is provided adjacent to the open end 7a of cavity 7 where the heating element 13 will be inserted.
  • support means 63 for supporting and guiding the heating element 13 during insertion is prepared. Before the heating element 13 is introduced to the support means 63 the reservoir 57 is loaded with liquid adhesive material 30. After that the heating element 13 is brought into position for insertion by manoeuvering the support means 63 in the correct position, as shown in Fig. 16c.
  • the bung 43 Before inserting the heating element 13 into the reservoir 57 the bung 43 is fit into the heating element 13, in order to close the open end of the carrier tube 23. With help of pole 68 (cf. Fig. 16d) which is connected to the heating element 13 via a hook, the heating element 13 is pushed, guided by the support means 63, into the cavity 7 starting with its closed end 40 through the reservoir 57 and the adhesive material 30 already provided in the cavity 7. The bung cable 47 is only reeled when it slackens.
  • the adhesive material 30 is pushed along the length of the cavity 7 during insertion.
  • the deflector 45 (cf. Figures 10 and 11) on the end of the heating element 13 aids positioning since the gap 33 between the heating mat 23 provides an escape path for the adhesive material 30 due to a pressure difference.
  • the end of the collector tube 48 is filled with excess adhesive material. While rotating the collector tube 48 and pulling the bung cable 47 to remove it from the end of the heating element 13, the collector tube 48 is pulled out of the cavity 7. The bung 43 is forced against one end of the collector tube 48, and is removed as the collector tube 48 is pulled out; so, the bung 43 leaves a hole in the end of the inserted heating element 13 and no excess adhesive material stays in the cavity 7.
  • the open end in the inserted heating element 13 allows air to escape from ahead when inserting a second heating element 13 from the opposite side 7b (cf. Fig. 16a) of the cavity 7. After this the cables 16 with the connecting leads 24, 27 are fed through the journal 2 and guides are located inside the roll 1 and the journal 2.
  • the insertion of the second (and possibly any further) heating element 13 succeeds in the same way, whereas, however, the end of the second heating element where one is inserted form either end of the cavity needs no bung 43 nor bung cable 47, since the end of the second heating element 13 can be sealed. Further, no collector tube 48 is required. Finally, after having achieved an arrangement as shown in Fig. 16f, the heating elements 13 inner passages 31 can be filled with adhesive material 30 in order to provide support for cables 16 with the connection leads 24, 27 during operation of the roll 1, if required.
  • connection plate may be connected via a slip ring type coupling to a source of a.c. (or d.c.) power which is controlled by a temperature control system including for example thyristors and/or triacs.
  • the connection plate may include junction boxes for connecting families of resistance heating means from a given zone or zones to a single or combination of slip rings.
  • the connection leads 24, 27 may be connected directly to bolts connected to the slip ring itself if desired. A person skilled in the art will be aware that many different known methods of connection may be used.
  • Figures 17 and 18 show in detail the reservoir 57 for liquid adhesive material 30 for fixation of the heating element 13 in the cavity 7.
  • the reservoir 57 consists of two parts 71 that can be split, wherein the underside 72 of the reservoir 57 may be cambered to fit onto the journal 2.
  • the reservoir 57 provides an inner passage 73 through which the heating element 13 is fed, while receiving liquid adhesive material 30 from the reservoir 57.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Heating, Cooling, Or Curing Plastics Or The Like In General (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
  • Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)

Claims (54)

  1. Elément chauffant (13) pour un corps (1) ayant une surface extérieure (5) pouvant être commandée en température, ledit élément chauffant (13) comprenant un support (18, 23) en forme de tige allongée et qui est au moins partiellement entouré d'une matière (20) isolante de l'électricité dans laquelle est noyé un moyen chauffant à résistance (19).
  2. Elément chauffant (13) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le support (18, 23) est entouré de la matière isolante de l'électricité (20) sur un angle (α) d'environ 315°.
  3. Elément chauffant (13) selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel le moyen chauffant à résistance (19) comprend une feuille chauffante (19').
  4. Elément chauffant (13) selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel le moyen chauffant à résistance (19) comprend un fil chauffant (21').
  5. Elément chauffant (13) selon une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel la matière isolante de l'électricité (20) comprenant ledit moyen chauffant à résistance (19) forme au moins une nappe chauffante (17) attachée au support en forme de tige (18, 23).
  6. Elément chauffant (13) selon une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, dans lequel le support en forme de tige (23) définit au moins un passage interne (31) destiné à contenir des conducteurs de connexion (24, 27) pour le moyen chauffant à résistance (19).
  7. Elément chauffant (13) selon la revendication 6, dans lequel support en forme de tige est un tube (23).
  8. Elément chauffant (13) selon la revendication 6 ou 7, dans lequel le support en forme de tige (23) comprend une pluralité d'ouvertures (29) prévues dans la zone (33) libre de matière isolante de l'électricité et qui s'étend de la surface externe du support en forme de tige (23) au passage interne (31).
  9. Elément chauffant selon une quelconque des revendications 2 à 8, dans lequel il est prévu un déflecteur (45) qui s'étend d'une face avant du support en forme de tige (23) à la région libre (33) entre les bords de la matière isolante de l'électricité (20) qui s'étendent longitudinalement,
  10. Elément chauffant selon une quelconque des revendications 7 à 9, dans lequel le support en forme de tige (13) comprend un bouchon amovible (43) à une extrémité ouverte (40).
  11. Elément chauffant (13) selon une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10, dans lequel le support en forme de tige (23) est fait de matière métallique.
  12. Elément chauffant (13) selon une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11, dans lequel le moyen chauffant à résistance (19) est disposé dans ladite matière isolante de l'électricité (20) de manière à réduire à un minimum les champs électromagnétiques extérieurs en utilisation.
  13. Elément chauffant (13) selon la revendication 12, dans lequel le moyen chauffant à résistance (19) est agencé de manière qu'en utilisation, un courant électrique passant dans des conducteurs électriques (21) adjacents circule dans des directions opposées.
  14. Elément chauffant (13) selon une quelconque des revendications 5 à 13, dans lequel l'élément chauffant (13) comprend une pluralité de nappes chauffantes séparées pour définir différentes zones de chauffage (36) le long dudit support en forme de tige (18, 23).
  15. Elément chauffant (13) selon la revendication 14, dans lequel le courant électrique circulant dans une nappe chauffante respective (17) peut être commandé indépendamment de ceux qui circulent dans d'autres nappes chauffantes (17).
  16. Elément chauffant (13) selon une quelconque des revendications 1 à 15, dans lequel la matière isolante de l'électricité (20) comprend du silicone.
  17. Elément chauffant (13) selon une quelconque des revendications 1 à 15, dans lequel la matière isolante de l'électricité (20) comprend un polyimide.
  18. Elément chauffant (13) selon une quelconque des revendications 1 à 17, dans lequel la matière isolante de l'électricité (20) comprend des fibres de verre, de céramique, d'oxyde métallique et/ou de PAN comprimées.
  19. Elément chauffant (13) selon une quelconque des revendications 5 à 18, dans lequel l'au moins une nappe chauffante (17) est attachée au support par une matière adhésive.
  20. Elément chauffant (13) selon une quelconque des revendications 5 à 19, dans lequel la ou l'au moins une nappe chauffante (17), respectivement, comprend au moins un capteur de température (25, 26).
  21. Elément chauffant selon la revendication 20, dans lequel la ou l'au moins une nappe chauffante (17), respectivement, comprend au moins un capteur de température (25) dans une région médiane.
  22. Elément chauffant selon la revendication 20 ou 21, dans lequel la ou l'au moins une nappe chauffante (17), respectivement, comprend au moins un capteur de température (26) dans une région marginale.
  23. Elément chauffant selon une quelconque des revendications 20 à 22, dans lequel le ou, respectivement, chaque capteur de température (25, 26) comprend des jonctions revêtues.
  24. Corps pouvant être chauffé (1) ayant une surface (5) pouvant être commandée en température et comprenant une pluralité de cavités allongées (7) à extrémité ouverte, chacune desdites cavités (7) étant munie d'au moins un élément chauffant électrique (13) selon une quelconque des revendications 1 à 23, dans lequel la matière isolante de l'électricité (20) de chaque élément chauffant (13) respectif est fixée par sa surface externe à la surface d'une cavité (7) respective par une matière adhésive (30).
  25. Corps (1) selon la revendication 24, dans lequel la matière adhésive (30) est une matière isolante de l'électricité.
  26. Corps (1) selon la revendication 25, dans lequel la matière adhésive (30) comprend du silicone.
  27. Corps (1) selon une quelconque des revendications 24 à 26, dans lequel chaque élément chauffant (13) est muni d'au moins un capteur de température (25) qui se trouve dans une position proche de la surface externe du corps (1).
  28. Corps (1) selon une quelconque des revendications 24 à 27, dans lequel deux éléments chauffants (13) au moins sensiblement coaxiaux sont prévus dans chaque cavité (7).
  29. Corps (1) selon une quelconque des revendications 24 à 28, dans lequel aussi bien les cavités (2) que les éléments chauffants (13) sont sensiblement cylindriques.
  30. Corps (1) selon une quelconque des revendications 24 à 29, et comprenant au moins un élément chauffant selon une quelconque des revendications 2 à 23, dans lequel l'élément chauffant (13) est prévu dans une position à l'intérieur de ladite cavité (7) dans laquelle la portion (33) dépourvue de ladite matière isolante de l'électricité (20) est à l'opposé de la surface externe (5) du corps (1).
  31. Corps (1) selon une quelconque des revendications 24 à 30, dans lequel la matière adhésive (30) possède au moins une certaine élasticité après le durcissement.
  32. Corps (1) selon une quelconque des revendications 24 à 31, dans lequel le corps (1) est un rouleau de calandre.
  33. Procédé de production d'un corps (1) ayant une surface externe (5) pouvant être commandée en température, le corps (1) ayant une pluralité de cavités allongées (7) munies d'ouvertures (7a, 7b) à l'une et l'autre extrémité pour recevoir des éléments chauffants (13) selon une quelconque des revendications 1 à 23, le procédé comprenant les étapes consistant à :
    a) déposer une matière adhésive liquide durcissable (30) sur la surface externe d'un élément chauffant (13) respectif, sous une épaisseur suffisante pour combler la fente annulaire comprise entre l'élément chauffant (13) et la surface interne de la cavité (7) ;
    b) insérer l'élément chauffant (13) dans ladite cavité (7) de telle manière que l'élément chauffant (13) s'étende le long de ladite cavité (7) et que la fente entre l'élément chauffant (13) et la paroi interne de la cavité (7) soit sensiblement remplie de ladite matière adhésive liquide (30) ; et
    c) faire durcir ladite matière adhésive (30) pour fixer l'élément chauffant (13) en place.
  34. Procédé de production d'un corps (1) ayant une surface externe (5) pouvant être commandée en température, le corps (1) ayant une pluralité de cavités allongées (7) munies d'ouvertures (7a, 7b) à l'une et l'autre extrémité pour recevoir des éléments chauffants (13) selon une quelconque des revendications 1 à 20, le procédé comprenant les étapes consistant à :
    a) revêtir la paroi interne desdites cavités (7) d'une couche (65) de matière adhésive liquide (30) ;
    b) prévoir une couche d'une matière de réduction du frottement sur la surface externe d'un élément chauffant (13) sous une épaisseur suffisante pour combler la fente annulaire entre l'élément chauffant (13) et la surface interne de la cavité (7) ;
    c) insérer l'élément chauffant (13) dans ladite cavité (7) de telle manière que l'élément chauffant (13) s'étende le long de ladite cavité (7) et que la fente entre l'élément chauffant (13) et la paroi interne de la cavité (7) soit sensiblement remplie de ladite matière adhésive souple (30) ; et
    d) faire durcir ladite matière adhésive (30) pour fixer l'élément chauffant (13) en place.
  35. Procédé selon la revendication 33 ou 34, qui comprend la phase consistant à introduire de la matière adhésive (30) dans ladite cavité (7) pour former un bloc à son extrémité d'insertion (7a) avant l'insertion d'un élément chauffant (13).
  36. Procédé selon la revendication 33 ou 35, si elle est rattachée à la revendication 33, qui comprend la phase consistant à revêtir la paroi interne desdites cavités (7) d'une couche (65) d'une matière adhésive (30) avant l'insertion de l'élément chauffant (13).
  37. Procédé selon une quelconque des revendications 33 à 36, dans lequel la couche (65) de matière adhésive (30) prévue est plus épaisse que la fente finale entre l'élément chauffant (13) et la paroi interne de la cavité (7), la matière adhésive (30) en excès étant retirée de la cavité (7) avant ou au moment de l'insertion de l'élément chauffant (13).
  38. Procédé selon une quelconque des revendications 33 à 37, dans lequel la matière adhésive (30) est partiellement durcie pour apporter de la stabilité dimensionnelle avant que la matière adhésive (30) en excès soit retirée.
  39. Procédé selon une quelconque des revendications 33 à 38, dans lequel l'élément chauffant (13) est revêtu de matière adhésive (30) en le faisant passer dans un réservoir (57) d'une matière adhésive liquide (30) qui est prévu à l'ouverture (7a) de la cavité allongée (7) respective.
  40. Procédé selon une quelconque des revendications 33 à 38, dans lequel l'élément chauffant (13) est revêtu de matière adhésive (30) en pulvérisant de la matière adhésive sur l'élément chauffant (13) à l'ouverture (7a) de la cavité allongée (7) respective.
  41. Procédé selon une quelconque des revendications 33 à 38, dans lequel l'élément chauffant (13) est revêtu de matière adhésive (30) en faisant passer l'élément chauffant (13) le long d'une brosse sollicitée par une charge qui est prévue à l'ouverture (7a) de la cavité allongée (7) respective.
  42. Procédé selon une quelconque des revendications 33 à 41, dans lequel la matière adhésive (30) comprend un caoutchouc de silicone.
  43. Procédé selon une quelconque des revendications 34 à 42, dans lequel l'agent de réduction du frottement est de la glycérine.
  44. Procédé selon une quelconque des revendications 33 à 43, dans lequel chaque élément chauffant (13) est supporté le long de sa longueur par un manchon métallique (63) pendant son insertion dans la cavité, une extrémité du manchon métallique (63) étant placée adjacente à une extrémité de ladite cavité (7), le manchon (63) et la cavité (7) étant placés le long d'un axe commun pendant l'insertion de l'élément chauffant (13).
  45. Procédé selon une quelconque des revendications 33 à 44, dans lequel un élément chauffant (13) respectif est inséré à chaque extrémité ouverte (7a,7b) de chaque cavité (7).
  46. Procédé selon une quelconque des revendications 37 à 45, dans lequel la matière adhésive (30) en excès est retirée en passant une raclette (61) ayant une section analogue à cqelle de l'élément chauffant (13) à travers la cavité (7).
  47. Procédé selon la revendication 46, dans lequel la raclette (61) revêt la forme d'un élément rigide possédant un bout qui est à section décroissante dans le sens de l'insertion le long de la cavité (7).
  48. Procédé selon une quelconque des revendications 37 à 45, dans lequel la matière adhésive (30) en excès est retirée par l'insertion de l'élément chauffant (13), l'élément chauffant ayant une extrémité d'insertion (40) fermée temporairement.
  49. Procédé selon la revendication 48, dans lequel l'extrémité d'insertion temporairement fermée (40) est retirée après l'insertion de l'élément chauffant (13).
  50. Procédé selon une quelconque des revendications 37 à 45, dans lequel, avant l'insertion de l'élément chauffant (13) respectif à une extrémité (53) de la cavité, un tube collecteur (48) est mis en place dans la cavité (7) par l'extrémité opposée (7b) pour recevoir la matière adhésive (30) en excès et pour décharger ladite matière adhésive (30) en excès en retirant le tube collecteur (48) de la cavité (7) après l'insertion de l'élément chauffant (13).
  51. Procédé selon la revendication 50, dans lequel on fait tourner le tube collecteur (47) après ou pendant l'insertion de l'élément chauffant (13) pour évacuer ladite matière adhésive en excès par des moyens d'évacuation (49) prévus à l'intérieur dudit tube collecteur (48).
  52. Procédé selon la revendication 50 ou 51, dans lequel l'extrémité (40) du premier élément chauffant (13) est fermée temporairement par un bouchon (43) pendant l'insertion, lequel bouchon (43) est retiré par une traction exercée sur un câble de bouchon (47) lorsqu'on a terminé l'étape d'insertion.
  53. Procédé selon la revendication 52, dans lequel le bouchon (43) est prévu adjacent à l'extrémité intérieure du tube collecteur (48) pendant qu'on retire le bouchon (43) et le tube collecteur (48) de ladite cavité (7).
  54. Procédé selon une quelconque des revendications 33 à 53, dans lequel l'élément chauffant (13) est poussé dans la cavité (7) respective à l'aide d'une tige (68) reliée temporairement l'élément chauffant (13) pendant l'insertion.
EP00917012A 1999-03-29 2000-03-29 Element chauffant, corps chauffable et procede de fabrication d'un tel corps Expired - Lifetime EP1165883B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB9907150.8A GB9907150D0 (en) 1999-03-29 1999-03-29 A method of making a body having a temperature controllable outer surface
GB9907150 1999-03-29
PCT/EP2000/002775 WO2000058553A2 (fr) 1999-03-29 2000-03-29 Element chauffant, corps chauffable et procede de fabrication d'un tel corps

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1165883A2 EP1165883A2 (fr) 2002-01-02
EP1165883B1 true EP1165883B1 (fr) 2003-08-20

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EP00917012A Expired - Lifetime EP1165883B1 (fr) 1999-03-29 2000-03-29 Element chauffant, corps chauffable et procede de fabrication d'un tel corps

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EP (1) EP1165883B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE247748T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU3815500A (fr)
DE (1) DE60004656D1 (fr)
GB (1) GB9907150D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO2000058553A2 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016073656A1 (fr) * 2014-11-04 2016-05-12 Sharkninja Operating Llc Générateur de vapeur

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3012822B1 (fr) * 2013-11-07 2016-09-09 Danube Int Dispositif de sechage et de repassage de pieces textiles
CN113245371B (zh) * 2021-06-30 2022-07-19 燕山大学 一种改善冷轧板带边降的电磁调控轧辊

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1063401A (en) * 1965-01-01 1967-03-30 Planters Engineering Company L Improvements in or relating to rollers incorporating a heating means
DE4033986A1 (de) * 1990-08-09 1992-02-13 Schwaebische Huettenwerke Gmbh Walze mit heizeinrichtung
FI92733C (fi) * 1990-08-15 1994-12-27 Valmet Paper Machinery Inc Kuumennettava tela
DE19612324C1 (de) * 1996-03-28 1997-06-05 Jost Mueller Beheizbare Kalanderwalze
DE29622957U1 (de) * 1996-05-23 1997-09-25 Eduard Küsters Maschinenfabrik GmbH & Co KG, 47805 Krefeld Beheizbare Walze
DE29615219U1 (de) * 1996-08-31 1996-11-14 Walzen Irle GmbH, 57250 Netphen Elektrisch beheizbare Kalanderwalze

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016073656A1 (fr) * 2014-11-04 2016-05-12 Sharkninja Operating Llc Générateur de vapeur

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WO2000058553A3 (fr) 2001-02-01
ATE247748T1 (de) 2003-09-15
DE60004656D1 (de) 2003-09-25
GB9907150D0 (en) 1999-05-19
AU3815500A (en) 2000-10-16
EP1165883A2 (fr) 2002-01-02
WO2000058553A2 (fr) 2000-10-05

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