EP1157358A2

EP1157358A2 - Identification system

Info

Publication number: EP1157358A2
Application number: EP00905228A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Terrence Keith Ashwin
Original assignee: Konisa Ltd
Current assignee: Konisa Ltd
Priority date: 1999-03-02
Filing date: 2000-03-01
Publication date: 2001-11-28
Also published as: NO20014264D0; MXPA01008817A; CA2365535A1; WO2000052636A2; CZ20013173A3; WO2000052636A3; AU2685300A; NZ514367A; HUP0203404A2; BR0008722A; NO20014264L; JP2002538555A; IL145232A0; PL350326A1; KR20010104367A

Abstract

An electronic tag (10) is provided which includes processor means and transmitter circuitry (26). The processor means, which is typically a micro-controller (16), is programmed to provide a modulation control signal which includes unique identification data which at least identifies the tag (10) but may include further data. The transmitter circuitry (26) is connected to the processor means and to an antenna (29) for transmission of the unique identification data. The transmitter circuitry (26) is powered by the modulation control signal. Preferably, the transmitter circuitry (26) is exclusively powered by the modulation control signal of the processor means. The invention extends to a receiver (12) for receiving a transmission from the tag (10) and to a system including a plurality of receivers (12) and tags (10). The invention also extends to a method of communicating data from an electronic tag (10) which includes driving transmitter circuitry (26) of the tag with a modulation control signal which substantially powers the transmitter circuitry (26).

Description

IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM

THIS INVENTION relates to electronic tags. It also relates to a method of communicating data from an electronic tag, to an identification system, and to a receiver for receiving a transmission from the electronic tag.

According to the invention, there is provided an electronic tag which includes processor means programmed to provide a modulation control signal which includes unique identification data which at least identifies the tag; and transmitter circuitry connected to the processor means and to an antenna for transmission of the unique identification data, the transmitter circuitry being powered by the modulation control signal.

Preferably, the transmitter circuitry is exclusively powered by the modulation control signal of the processor means. Accordingly, the transmitter circuitry is not connected to another source of power but merely to ground and to the processor means. Thus, when the modulation signal is at 0 volts, the transmitter circuitry receives no power resulting in no transmission at all thereby enhancing the low power consumption characteristics of the electronic tag. There is thus no carrier wave and the output or identification signal is thus a pulsed wave switched between 0 volts and its maximum amplitude. The transmitter circuitry may include passive components and a transistor defining oscillation circuitry directly driven by the processor means. The transistor in combination with the passive components may form an integral part of the transmitter circuitry which is powered up by the modulation signal.

The processor means may be configured to provide the modulation control signal with a first part followed by a second part. The first part may include at least one high pulse of such a duration so as to provide sufficient power to the transmitter circuitry at least partially to stabilize it for transmission of the second part. The second part may include data defined in a plurality of pulses which are of a substantially lesser duration. The signal transmitted by the transmitter circuitry of the tag resembles a combination of an amplitude modulated signal and a pulse width modulated signal. The amplitude modulation of the transmitter under control of the processor means is typically between about 0 % and about 1 00% . Accordingly, the power consumed by the transmitter whilst data is not being transmitter is substantially reduced. It is however to be appreciated that the transmitter circuitry may modulate the amplitude of the identification signal at any percentage between 0 % and 100 % thereby representing a plurality of values or levels and not merely two levels of "1 "s and "0"s.

The modulation control signal may include a plurality of high pulses that, in combination, provide an identification signal to a tag receiver for receiving a transmission from the electronic tag. The high pulses are typically about 60 microseconds in duration with a 50 % duty cycle. It is however to be appreciated that the duty cycle and/or the duration may differ in various embodiments of the invention. Thus, the high part of the modulation signal may perform a dual function. Firstly, it may power up the transmitter circuitry between, preferably, a totally switched off or dormant state, to an operative state in which it has stabilized sufficiently to transmit the second part comprising a pulse train of pulses of a substantially shorter duration.

Secondly, the first part allows the receiver to distinguish a transmission from the tag from any other transmission e.g. an interference signal or the like from another source.

Each pulse of the second part of the modulation signal may include a start portion for identifying a start of a bit and a data portion for identifying a state of the bit of data. The duration of the data portion may selectively define a high and a low state of the bit under control of the processor means. The pulse width may be defined as the sum of the start and data portions.

The high state of the bit is typically defined by a shorter data portion during which the oscillator circuitry is switched off and the low state of the bit is defined by a longer data portion during which the oscillator circuitry is switched off.

The shorter pulse may be used to mark or identify the start of a bit after which the transmitter circuitry is switched off totally. The time interval or duration until the transmitter circuitry is switched on again defines the high or low state of the bit. The amount of power required to transmit a high bit and a low bit is substantially the same since power is only consumed to identify the start of a bit of data. The processor means is typically a micro-controller which includes an internal RC oscillator on which the modulation control signal is dependent and the micro-controller is arranged to enter a sleep mode between data transmissions thereby to reduce power consumption. Accordingly, the transmitter circuitry, under control of the processor means may be arranged periodically to transmit the identification signal is bursts at a predetermined time interval, for example about 1 s. Preferably, the identification signal has a duty cycle of about 50 %.

Data is typically transmitted in a digital fashion as a series of " 1 "s and "0"s. Typically, a "0" is transmitted by a transmitter on time being about 10 microseconds followed by an off time of equal duration, and a "1 " is transmitted by the transmitter being on about 5 microseconds followed by an off time of equal duration so that the signal has a 50 % duty cycle. It is however to be appreciated that any two different transmission time intervals, controlled by the transmitter processor may be used to communicate a "1 " or a "0" . Further, the duty cycle of the pulses may vary.

Further in accordance with the invention, there is provided an identification system which includes a plurality of electronic tags, each tag including processor means programmed to provide a modulation control signal which includes unique identification data which at least identifies the tag; and transmitter circuitry connected to the processor means and to an antenna for transmission of the unique identification data, the transmitter circuitry being substantially powered by the modulation control signal; and at least one electronic tag receiver configured to receive a transmission from the tag.

The transmitter circuitry of the electronic tag may be exclusively powered by the modulation control signal of the processor means.

The transmitter circuitry may include passive components and a transistor directly driven by the processor means. The transistor in combination with the passive components may form an integral part of the transmitter circuitry which is powered up by the modulation control signal.

The processor means may be configured to provide the modulation control signal with a first part followed by a second part, the first part including at least one high pulse of such a duration so as to provide sufficient power to the transmitter circuitry at least partially to stabilize for transmission of the second part which includes data defined in a plurality of pulses which are of a substantially lesser duration.

The first part of the modulation control signal may include a plurality of high pulses that, in combination, provide an identification signal to signal detection means of the electronic tag receiver for receiving a transmission from the electronic tag.

Each pulse of the second part of the modulation signal may include a start portion for identifying a start of a bit and a data portion for identifying a state of the bit of data, the duration of the data portion selectively defining a high and a low state of the bit under control of the processor means.

The high bit may be defined by a shorter data portion during which the transmitter circuitry is switched off and the low bit is defined by a longer data portion during which the transmitter circuitry is switched off.

Still further in accordance with the invention, there is provided a method of communicating data from an electronic tag, the method including driving transmitter circuitry of the tag with a modulation control signal which substantially powers the transmitter circuitry.

Typically, the modulation control signal exclusively powers the transmitter circuitry.

The transmitter circuitry may include an oscillator which is arranged to oscillate at its fundamental frequency when data is being transmitted and stop oscillating when data is not transmitted. Accordingly, the method may include selectively modulating a fundamental frequency of the oscillator when data is being transmitted and disabling the oscillator when data is not being transmitted.

The modulation control signal may include a first part followed by a second part, the first part including at least one high pulse of such a duration so as to provide sufficient power to the transmitter circuitry at least partially to stabilize it for transmission of the second part which includes data defined in a plurality of pulses which are of a substantially lesser duration.

The first part of the modulation control signal may include a plurality of high pulses that, in combination, provide an identification signal to a tag receiver for receiving a transmission from the electronic tag.

The high bit may be defined by a shorter data portion during which the modulation control signal is switched off and the low bit may defined by a longer data portion during which the modulation control signal is switched off.

The processor means is preferably a micro-controller which includes an internal RC oscillator on which the modulation control signal is dependent and the micro-controller is arranged to enter a sleep mode between data transmissions thereby to reduce power consumption. The micro-controller may define a transmitter processor which is typically a

PIC 1 2C509 or the like, which is programmed with appropriate software to execute the method of controlling the transmitter.

Still further in accordance with the invention, there is provided a receiver for receiving a transmission from one of a plurality of electronic tags, the transmission including a first part and a second part and the receiver including detection circuitry for detecting the first part and the second part of the transmission, the first part including at least one high pulse in response to which the receiver monitors reception of the second part which includes data defined in a plurality of pulses which are of a substantially lesser duration; and timing means for timing the duration of each of the pulses in the second part and selectively generating a high or a low output defining a bit dependent upon the duration of the pulse.

The receiver may include pulse width detection circuitry for decoding the identification signal.

The receiver may include receiver circuitry connected to an antenna for receiving the identification signal from at least one electronic tag; demodulation circuitry connected to the receiver circuitry for demodulating the identification signal; amplification circuitry connected to the demodulation circuitry via a capacitive link; and receiver processor circuitry connected to the amplification circuitry for processing the identification signal after demodulation thereof.

The receiver may include a repeater transmitter for retransmitting the identification signal to a central control unit. Typically, each tag is attached to an item of value, e.g. a personal computer or other valuable item, located in a particular zone and a receiver monitors the transmission of identification signals in the zone. The central control unit may thus be in wireless communication with a plurality of zones each of which include a receiver monitoring associated tags located on valuable items or equipment in the zone.

The invention is now described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings.

In the drawings, Figure 1 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a electronic tag in accordance with the invention;

Figure 2 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a receiver, also in accordance with the invention;

Figure 3 shows a flow chart of a method of controlling transmission of data via the tag of Figure 1 ;

Figure 4 shows an example of a burst of data transmitted by the transmitter; and Figure 5 shows a flow chart of a method of decoding data by the receiver of Figure 2.

Referring to the drawings, an identification system, in accordance with the invention, is provided which includes a plurality of transmitters which are in the form of electronic tags 10 (also in accordance with the invention and only one of which is shown in the drawings), each of which is associated with at least one receiver 1 2 (see Figure 2) . Typically, valuable items or equipment to be monitored in a selected zone, e.g . computers in a particular office area, are each fitted with a tag 1 0 and the receiver 1 2 is located in the zone to monitor signals received from the tag 10. The receiver 1 2 forms part of a network of receivers which may be installed in a particular building or the like. Each receiver 1 2 communicates via its repeater transmitter 14 to a central control unit (not shown) . The central control unit may thus monitor and record authorised and/or unauthorised removal of the equipment.

Each tag 10 includes transmitter processor means in the form of a micro-controller 1 6 with associated support circuitry 1 8, and a long-life lithium battery 20. Selected I/O ports of the micro-controller 1 6 are connected to a connection terminal 22 via which resident software to control the method of transmission of data is programmed into the micro-controller 1 6. In use, a reed switch 24 is selectively enabled to toggle the micro-controller 1 6 into various states or modes of operation. In one mode of operation, the reed switch 24 may function as a sensing means, for example, to sense movement or the like. In another mode of operation, the reed switch 24 may function as data input means for feeding data into on-board memory of the microcontroller 1 6, e.g. data to uniquely identify the tag 10. The microcontroller 1 6 controls operation of transmitter circuitry 26 which transmits data, sourced from the micro-controller 1 6, to the receiver 1 2.

As can clearly be seen from the schematic circuit diagram shown in Figure 1 , the micro-controller has one of its output ports connected directly to a transistor 25 of the transmitter circuitry 26. The transmitter circuitry 26 also includes associated passive components 27 which, in combination, define oscillator circuitry. Further, the transmitter circuitry 26 is not connected to the battery 20 but merely to ground and is powered exclusively by the modulation control signal from the microcontroller via line 28. Thus, the transmitter circuitry 26 is toggled between an "on" state in which it transmits a pulse via its antenna 29 and an "off" state in which it receives no power at all and is thus switched off completely.

In order to allow the transmitter circuitry 26 to stabilize for transmission of data, the micro-controller 1 6 feeds three pulses (part of one pulse 31 being shown in Figure 4), each pulse having a high portion of between about 20 and about 70 microseconds, typically about 60 microsecond, and a duty cycle of 50 %, to the transmitter circuitry via line 28. In particular, the modulation control signal generated by software of the micro-controller 1 6 has a first part followed by a second part. The first part includes the three high pulses of about 60 microsecond duration which are generated by the routine "pulse 4" in Table 2. As shown by arrow 1 50 in Table 2, the "pulse 4" subroutine (see arrow 1 52) is called three times. The high part of the modulation signal performs a dual function. Firstly, it powers up the transmitter circuitry 26 between, preferably, a totally switched off or dormant state, to an operative state in which it has stabilized sufficiently to transmit the second part comprising a pulse train of pulses of a substantially shorter duration. Secondly, the first part allows the receiver to distinguish a transmission from the tag from any other transmission e.g. an interference signal or the like from another source.

The micro-controller 1 6 controls transmission of unique identification data in the second part of the modulation control signal by means of a method, also in accordance with the invention, carried out in its resident software. The method used by the micro-controller 1 6 is set out in Table 2 (see arrow 1 54) . In particular, the micro-controller 1 6 controls the transmitter circuitry 26 in such a fashion so that its transmitted or identification signal is both amplitude modulated and a pulse width modulated. The amplitude modulation of the transmitted signal varies between about 0% and about 1 00% modulation when representing both " 1 " and "0" (see Figure 3) . The transmitted signal has a 50% duty cycle and a "1 " is transmitted, for example, by a pulse with a 5 microseconds "on" time followed by a 5 microsecond "off" time resulting in a total pulse width of 10 microseconds (see Figure 4) . A "0", on the other hand, is transmitted by a pulse with an "on" time of 10 microseconds and an "off" time of 1 0 microseconds resulting in a total pulse width of 20 microseconds. The total duration of the pulse, i.e. either 10 microseconds or 20 microseconds, that determines the state of a bit (see arrow 1 56 and following in Table 2) . A plurality of pulses are transmitted in a burst of data and the burst of data is typically transmitted by the tag 10 periodically at a time interval of about 1 second. It is however to be appreciated that the pulses of the second part need not necessarily have a 50 % duty cycle since the high state of the pulse 33 (see Figure 4) acts as a marker or start portion identifying the start of a bit. Thereafter a data portion defines the state of the bit, the duration 35 of the data portion being the total width of the pulse including its "off". In the present embodiment, the data portion 35 defines a high or low state of the bit by a 10 microsecond transmitter circuitry "off" time and a 20 microsecond transmitter circuitry "off" time respectively (see Figure 3) . When the receiver 1 2 receives a transmission from the tag 10, it determines the total length or duration of the pulse and assigns a "1 " or "0" as shown in Figure 5.

Typically, the micro-controller 1 6 includes a counter which has its count reset upon installation of the battery 20 and thereafter increments its count each time the transmitter circuitry 26 transmits a burst of data. Data from the micro-controller 1 6 is fed to the transmitter circuitry 26 via line 28. It is to be appreciated that the data transmitted by the tag 10 may include a value of the count, unique identification data for identifying the tag 10, data sensed by the reed switch 24, or any other data.

The micro-controller 1 6 of the tag 10 does not use a crystal oscillator to control its operation but uses an internal RC oscillator provided in the chip. It is believed that the power consumption of the tag 10 is thereby reduced and start-up delays are faster. Accordingly, in order further to reduce the power consumption of the tag 10, the tag 1 0 is dormant or asleep between each burst of data which it transmits.

In order to achieve this, a second sleep or stand-by RC oscillator provided in the micro-controller 1 6, is used. As shown in block 30, after the predetermined time interval, typically about 0.7 to about 1 s (see arrow 1 58 in Table 2) has lapsed, the micro-controller 1 6 is instructed to start/wake-up. Thereafter, the unique identification code and other data to be transmitted by the tag 1 0 is set up as shown in block 32, whereafter the data is configured in a serial form as shown in block 34 where the next/first byte of the remaining bytes (designated by X) is fed to the transmitter circuitry 26 as shown in block 36. The micro- controller 1 6 then (see block 38) analyses each bit in the serial string.

If the bit is at logic "1 ", the transmitter circuitry 26 is activated to transmit a pulse which is high for 5 microseconds as shown in block 40 and, thereafter, a low of 5 microseconds is implemented as shown is block 42 to ensure that the transmitted signal has a 50% duty cycle and a total pulse width of 1 0 microseconds. However, if the bit is at logic

"0", the transmitter circuitry 26 is then instructed to transmit a pulse which is high for 10 microseconds as shown is block 44 followed by a low of 1 0 microseconds, as shown in block 46, providing a 50% duty cycle and a total pulse width of 20 microseconds when a "0" is transmitted.

If all the bits of the byte have been transmitted, as shown in block 48, then the micro-controller 1 6 is instructed to increment its pointer to the next byte as shown in block 50 (see also arrow 1 54 in

Table 2) . If, however, all 8 bits of the byte have not been transmitted, then the micro-controller 1 6 is instructed to fetch the next bit as shown in block 52 and the procedure as set out above is repeated. As shown in block 54, if the last byte to be sent in the burst has been sent, then the micro-controller 1 6 goes into a sleep or dormant mode (see block 55) for the predetermined time interval. However, if the last byte has not been sent , then the micro-controller 1 6 fetches the next byte as shown in block 34.

Referring in particular to Figure 2 of the drawings, the receiver 1 2 includes a receiver processor 56 defined by a receiver microcontroller 58, for example, a PIC 1 6F84 or the like. Selected I/O ports of the receiver micro-controller 58 are connected to I/O terminals 60 to allow resident software to be programmed into the micro-controller 58 by an external device such as a PC or the like. The receiver micro- controller 58 is connected via line 62 to the repeater transmitter 14 which is substantially similar to the transmitter circuitry 10. The repeater transmitter 1 4 includes a transistor 64 which is selectively switched on and off by the receiver micro-controller 58 to generate "1 "s and "0"s thereby repeating a signal received by the receiver 1 2 to the central monitoring or control unit. As in the case of the transmitter circuitry 26, the transmitter 14 sources its operational power directly from a modulation control signal provided via an output port of the microcontroller 58 via line 62.

The identification signal transmitted by the tag 10 is received by receiver circuitry 68 which has its output signal fed into an RF amplifier 74 and into demodulation circuitry 70 via line 72. The demodulation circuitry 70 has its output connected, via a decoupling capacitor 76, to amplification circuitry generally indicated by reference numeral 78 which comprises a series of operational amplifiers. An output stage of the operational amplifiers is connected via line 80 to a port of the receiver micro-controller 58. Power to the various components of the receiver 1 2 is provided by a power supply unit 82.

Selected I/O ports of the receiver micro-controller 58 are connected to a programming terminal 84 in which appropriate software to control the method of operation of the receiver 1 2 is fed into the receiver micro-controller 58. The method of controlling the receiver 1 2 is set out in Table 1 and described in more detail below.

Referring in particular to Figure 5 of the drawings, the receiver software first includes the method of resetting the bit/byte information as shown in block 86. The initialization of the bit/byte information and various other operating parameters is generally indicated by arrow 1 60 and following in Table 1 . Arrow 1 62 marks the start of the routine where the ports of the micro-controller 58 are initialized. The software implementing the method then waits for a high input as shown in block 88. When a high input is received, the duration of the pulse is monitored. In particular, the routine "HIG 1 " (see arrow 1 64 in Table 1 ) determines the duration for which the pulse is high and the routine "HIG2" determines the duration for which the pulse is low (see arrow 1 66) . The sum of the high and low durations is then calculated to check if the total duration is within an acceptable range which is typically between about 50 and about 70 microseconds. Thus, the time duration or interval between the pulses is counted or determined until a next high is received as shown in block 90. If the interval is 1 0 microseconds (i.e a five microsecond high followed by a five microsecond low) as shown in block 92, then the incoming bit of the burst of data received from the tag 1 0 is a "1 " as shown in block 94. Thereafter the bit counter is incremented by one as shown in block 96 and if it is the last bit of the count (see block 98) then the bit/byte is reset as shown by line 100 leading into block 86. If, however, the interval is not equal to 10 microseconds, then the interval is timed to determine whether or not it is equal to about 20 microseconds (i.e. 10 microsecond high followed by a 1 0 microsecond low) . If the delay is equal to about 20 microseconds, then the bit is recognized as a "0" as shown in block 1 04 and, once again, the bit counter is incremented as shown in block 96. However, if the interval is not equal to 20 microseconds then the method includes resetting the bits/byte as shown by line 106 leading to the block 86. The routine for recognizing a "1 " or a "0" is generally indicated by arrow

1 68 in Table 1 . Table 1 also includes various other routines, e.g. an RS 232 routine, for feeding data to other devices. It is to be appreciated that the receiver micro-controller 58 may include a variety of additional routines to allow communication of data received from the tag 1 0 to be communicated to other devices.

The inventor believes that the invention, as illustrated, provides an identification system including a method of communicating data from the tag 10 to the receiver 1 2 which has reduced power consumption characteristics. The features of the invention that enhance the low power consumption characteristics include the powering of the transmitter circuitry 26 by means of the modulation control signal and the arrangement in which the state of a bit is determined by the "off" time of the transmitter circuitry 26. Power consumption of the tag 10 is also substantially reduced when the tag 10 is in its sleep or dormant mode.

TABLE 1 ds5000 dev system

Capetown with dave update check for freq and stat less than 64 current program

START SEQUENCE CORRECTED FOR ERRORS AND SPEED INCREASE

BIT 1 OF DATA CORRECTED

DECREASE START FRAME HIGH AND LOW

ADD CHECK FOR CHECKSUM list p = 16f 84,f = inhx8m

_CONFIG 3FF1 H

INDIR = 0

FSR = 4

PORTA= 5

PORTB = 6

TRISA = 85h

TRISB = 86h

TMRO= 1

STATUS = 3

PCL= 2

OPTN = 81h

INTCON = 0B

RPO EQU 5

TEMP2 EQU 11h

TEMPI EQU 12h

TIMER1 EQU 13h .TIMER VALUE TEMP

VALUEX EQU 14h ;TEMP

DIGIT 1 EQU 15h ;TEMP

DIGIT2 EQU 16h ;TEMP

DIGIT3 EQU 17h ;TEMP

ASCII EQU 18h ;TEMP

VALUE EQU 19h

TEMP equ 20h ;Temporary s

CHAR EQU 21h .Character st

DIGITS EQU 22h

VALUE1 EQU 23h

VALUE2 EQU 24h

VALUE3 EQU 25h

VALUE4 EQU 26h

VALUE5 EQU 27h

VALUE6 EQU 28h

VALUE7 EQU 29h

VALUE8 EQU 2Ah I60

VALUE9 EQU 2Bh

VALUE10 EQU 2Ch

VALUE1 1 EQU 2Dh

VALUE12 EQU 2Eh

VALUE13 EQU 2Fh

VALUE14 EQU 30h

CALB EQU 31h

CALA EQU 32h

DLINE EQU 33h CHECK1 EQU 36h

CHECK2 EQU 37h

CHECK3 EQU 38h

CHECKX EQU 39h

CSUM EQU 3Ah ;CHECK SUM

CSUM2 EQU 3Bh

DAT EQU P0RTB

CNTRL EQU PORTA

E EQU 3

RW EQU 2

RS EQU 1

C EQU 0

W EQU 0

CLRF DLINE CLRF CHECK1 call LCDInit call LCDInit

CALL LCDInit

BCF PORTB.O

-MAIN

;SETUP TIMER/COUNTER movlw OPTN movwf FSR movlw OOh ;20h = counter + no prescaler movwf INDIR clr TMRO bcf STATUS.RPO clrf PORTA clrf PORTB

.-Configure ports A and D to outputs bsf STATUS, RPO .-Select Register page 1 movlw B'OOOOOOOO' ;Set lower 4 bits in PORTB movwf TRISB ;as outputs movlw BO000001 V ;Set port_a as outputs movwf TRISA bcf STATUS, RPO .Select Register page 0 clrf PORTA ;clear port_a

MOVLW .5

MOVWF TEMP2

MOVLW .10

MOVWF TIMER1

MOVLW .100

MOVWF TEMPI ZXC INCF TEMPI ,F

INCF TEMPI , F

INCF TEMPI, F

CALL BEEP

DECFSZ TEMP2.1

GOTO ZXC

CLRF PORTA

MAIN

BCF PORTB, 1

BCF P0RTB.4 ;B 0

BCF PORTA.O

NOP

CLRF CSUM

SSA

BTFSS CHECK1.1

GOTO HIG1

BSF P0RTB.4 ;T0 OPEN D

MOVLW .5 /VAS 20

MOVWF TEMP2

MOVLW .10

MOVWF TIMER1

MOVLW .100

MOVWF TEMPI

XXC

CALL BEEP

DECFSZ TEMP2.1

GOTO XXC

MOVLW .50 ;100 = 3sec

MOVWF TIMER1

RTR1 MOVLW .200

MOVWF CHECK2

RTR MOVLW .200

MOVWF TEMPI

RTR2 DECFSZ TEMPI ,F

GOTO RTR2

DECFSZ CHECK2

GOTO RTR

DECFSZ TIMER1

GOTO RTR1

BCF P0RTB.4

CLRF CHECK 1

CLRF CHECKX

HIG1 I64

BTFSS PORTA.O GOTO HIG1

CLRF TEMPI

HWW1 NOP NOP

NOP

INCFSZ TEMPI ,F

GOTO HWZ1

GOTO HIG1

HWZ1 BTFSC PORTA.O

GOTO HWW1 .-wait for HIGH

BTFSC TEMPI ,3 ;8

; GOTO HIG2

BTFSC TEMPI ,4 16

GOTO HIG2

BTFSC TEMPI , 5 32

GOTO HIG2

BTFSC TEMPI ,6 64

GOTO HIG2

BTFSC TEMPI .7 128

GOTO HIG2

GOTO HIG1

HIG2 CLRF TEMPI HWW2 NOP 166

NOP

INCFSZ TEMPI , F

GOTO HWZ2

GOTO HIG1

HWZ2 BTFSS PORTA.O

GOTO HWW2 .-wait for HIGH

BTFSC TEMPI ,3 ;8

GOTO HIG3

BTFSC TEMPI ,4 16

GOTO HIG3

BTFSC TEMPI ,5 32

GOTO HIG3

BTFSC TEMPI ,6 64

GOTO HIG3

BTFSC TEMPI ,7 128

GOTO HIG3

GOTO HIG1

HIG3 CLRF TEMPI HWW3 NOP

NOP

INCFSZ TEMPI , F

GOTO HWZ3

GOTO HIG1

HWZ3 BTFSC PORTA.O

GOTO HWW3 .wait for HIGH

BTFSC TEMPI ,3 ;8

GOTO HIG4

BTFSC TEMPI ,4 16

GOTO HIG4

BTFSC TEMPI ,5 32

GOTO HIG4

BTFSC TEMPI ,6 64

GOTO HIG4

BTFSC TEMPI .7 128

GOTO HIG4

GOTO HIG1 HIG4 CLRF TEMPI HWW4 NOP

NOP

INCFSZ TEMPI ,F

GOTO HWZ4

GOTO HIG1

HWZ4 BTFSS PORTA,0

GOTO HWW4 ;wait for HIGH

BTFSC TEMPI , 3 8

GOTO HIG5

BTFSC TEMPI ,4 16

GOTO HIG5

BTFSC TEMPI ,5 32

GOTO HIG5

BTFSC TEMPI ,6 64

GOTO HIG5

BTFSC TEMPI ,7 128

GOTO HIG5

GOTO HIG1

HIG5 CLRF TEMPI HWW5 NOP

NOP

INCFSZ TEMPI ,F

GOTO HWZ5

GOTO HIG1

HWZ5 BTFSC PORTA.O

GOTO HWW5 ,-wait for HIGH

BTFSC TEMPI , 8 ;8 REPETER ONLY

GOTO HIG6

BTFSC TEMPI , 4 16

GOTO HIG6

BTFSC TEMPI ,5 32

GOTO HIG6

BTFSC TEMPI ,6 64

GOTO HIG6

BTFSC TEMPI , 7 128

GOTO HIG6

GOTO HIG1

HIG6 CLRF TEMPI HWW6 NOP

NOP

INCFSZ TEMPI ,F

GOTO HWZ6

GOTO HIG1

HWZ6 BTFSS PORTA.O

GOTO HWW6 ;wait for HIGH

BTFSC TEMPI ,3 ;8

GOTO HIG7

BTFSC TEMPI ,4 16

GOTO HIG7

BTFSC TEMPI ,5 32

GOTO HIG7

BTFSC TEMPI ,6 64

GOTO HIG7 BTFSC TEMPI ,7 ;128

GOTO HIG7

GOTO HIG1

HIG7

.#****» *»*» » END »**#*#**#*

CLRF VALUE1

;SX1 BTFSC PORTA.O

GOTO SX1

INCF VALUE1

MOVLW .200

MOVWF VALUE2

;LX1 DECFSZ VALUE2.F

GOTO NOE

GOTO ENDF

;NOE BTFSS PORTA.O

GOTO LX1

GOTO SX1

;ENDF GOTO SKIPP

NOP

CLRF VALUE1

CALL WAITD

MOVF TIMER1 ,W

MOVWF VALUE1

CALL WAITD

MOVF TIMER1 ,W

MOVWF VALUE2

CALL WAITD

MOVF TIMER1.W

MOVWF VALUE3

CALL WAITD

MOVF TIMER1.W

MOVWF VALUE4

CALL WAITD

MOVF TIMER1 ,W

MOVWF VALUE5

CALL WAITD

MOVF TIMER1.W

MOVWF VALUE6

CALL WAITD

MOVF TIMER1 ,W

MOVWF VALUE7 CALL WAITD

MOVF TIMER1.W

MOVWF VALUE8

CALL WAITD

MOVF TIMER1 ,W

MOVWF VALUE9

CALL WAITD

MOVF TIMER1.W

MOVWF VALUE10

CALL WAITD

MOVF TIMER1.W

MOVWF VALUE11

CALL WAITD

MOVF TIMER1.W

MOVWF VALUE12

CALL WAITD

MOVF TIMER1 ,W

MOVWF VALUE13

CALL WAITD

MOVF TIMER1.W

MOVWF VALUE14

CALL WAITD

MOVF TIMER1.W

MOVWF VALUE15

CALL WAITD

MOVF TIMER1 ,W

MOVWF VALUE16

CALL WAITD .CHECK SUM

MOVF TIMER1 /V

MOVWF CSUM

MOVLW .98 ;REC

MOVWF VALUE15

;CHECK DATA goto tst7

MOVF VALUE1.W

ADDWF VALUE2.W

ADDWF VALUE3.W

ADDWF VALUE4.W

ADDWF VALUE5.W

ADDWF VALUE6.W

ADDWF VALUE7.W

ADDWF VALUE8.W

ADDWF VALUE9.W

ADDWF VALUE10.W

ADDWF VALUE11.W

ADDWF VALUE12.W

ADDWF VALUE13.W ADDWF VALUE14.W

ADDWF VALUE15.W

MOVWF CSUM2

MOVF CSUM.W ;CHECK SUM

SUBWF CSUM2.W

MOVWF TEMPI

BTFSC TEMPI ,0

GOTO OUT

BTFSC TEMPI , 1

GOTO OUT

BTFSC TEMPI ,2

GOTO OUT

BTFSC TEMPI .3

GOTO OUT

BTFSC TEMPI ,4

GOTO OUT

BTFSC TEMPI ,5

GOTO OUT

BTFSC TEMPI ,6

GOTO OUT

BTFSC TEMPI , 7

GOTO OUT

MOVF CSUM2.W ;CHECK SUM

SUBWF CSUM.W

MOVWF TEMPI

BTFSC TEMPI , 0

GOTO OUT

BTFSC TEMPI , 1

GOTO OUT

BTFSC TEMPI ,2

GOTO OUT

BTFSC TEMPI ,3

GOTO OUT

BTFSC TEMPI ,4

GOTO OUT

BTFSC TEMPI ,5

GOTO OUT

BTFSC TEMPI.6

GOTO OUT

BTFSC TEMPI , 7

GOTO OUT

MOVF VALUE2,W ;CHECK STAT AND FREQ

MOVWF TEMPI

BTFSC TEMPI , 6

GOTO OUT

BTFSC TEMPI ,7

GOTO OUT

MOVF VALUE3.W ;CHECK STA AND FREQ

MOVWF TEMPI

BTFSC TEMPI ,6

GOTO OUT

BTFSC TEMPI ,7

GOTO OUT goto tsp7 -skip looking for P or Q

;look for P OR Q

MOVLW .80 ;was 80h less bitO

SUBWF VALUE 16,W

MOVWF TEMPI

BTFSC TEMPI ,0 ;LOOK FOR P ONLY

GOTO OUT ;REM

BTFSC TEMPI , 1 ;P,Q,R,S

GOTO OUT

BTFSC TEMPI ,2

GOTO OUT

BTFSC TEMPI ,3

GOTO OUT

BTFSC TEMPI ,4

GOTO OUT

BTFSC TEMPI ,5

GOTO OUT

BTFSC TEMPI ,6

GOTO OUT

BTFSC TEMPI ,7

GOTO OUT tst7

;TURN ON 10 PORTB 0 PIN 6

MOVW .84

SUBWF VALUE1.W

MOVWF TEMPI

BTFSC TEMPI ,0 ;remark

GOTO KKK ;WAS KKL

BTFSC TEMPI , 1

GOTO KKK

BTFSC TEMPI ,2

GOTO KKK

BTFSC TEMPI ,3

GOTO KKK

BTFSC TEMPI ,4

GOTO KKK

BTFSC TEMPI ,5

GOTO KKK

BTFSC TEMPI ,6

GOTO KKK

BTFSC TEMPI ,7

GOTO KKK

INCF CHECK 1

GOTO KKD

KKK MOVLW .69 ;E

SUBWF VALUE1.W

MOVWF TEMPI

BTFSC TEMPI ,0 -remark

GOTO KKS .WAS KKL

BTFSC TEMPI , 1

GOTO KKS

BTFSC TEMPI ,2

GOTO KKS

BTFSC TEMPI ,3 GOTO KKS

BTFSC TEMPI ,4

GOTO KKS

BTFSC TEMPI ,5

GOTO KKS

BTFSC TEMPI .6

GOTO KKS

BTFSC TEMPI ,7

GOTO KKS

INCF CHECKX

GOTO KKD

KKS CLRF CHECK1

CLRF CHECKX

KKD

BSF PORTB.4

MOVLW .5

MOVWF TEMP2

MOVLW .20

MOVWF TIMER1

MOVLW .200

MOVWF TEMPI

MOVLW .50 ;100 = 3sec

MOVWF TIMER1

RTR1 MOVLW .200

MOVWF CHECK2

RTR MOVLW .200

MOVWF TEMPI

RTR2 DECFSZ TEMPI ,F

GOTO RTR2

DECFSZ CHECK2

GOTO RTR

DECFSZ TIMER1

GOTO RTR1

KKL

.check for alarm on

OKD

MOVLW .50 ; -was 49

SUBWF VALUE3.W

MOVWF TEMPI

BTFSC TEMPI ,0

GOTO OUT3 ;i WAS 1

BTFSC TEMPI , 1

GOTO OUT3

BTFSC TEMPI , 2

GOTO OUT3

BTFSC TEMPI ,3

GOTO OUT3

BTFSC TEMPI ,4

GOTO OUT3

BTFSC TEMPI ,5

GOTO OUT3

BTFSC TEMPI ,6

GOTO OUT3 BTFSC TEMPI , 7 GOTO OUT3

CLRF CHECK1 GOTO OUT2 ;WAS 1

OUT2 .ALARM ON BEEP

MOVLW .5

MOVWF TEMP2

MOVLW .10

MOVWF TIMER1

MOVLW .100

MOVWF TEMPI

ZXC1 INCF TEMPI ,F

INCF TEMPI ,F

CALL BEEP

DECFSZ TEMP2.1

GOTO ZXC1

MOVLW .200

MOVWF TIMER1

MOVLW .100

MOVWF TEMPI

CALL BEEP

GOTO SKIPP

OUT1 ;NOT SEEN A T

;SEEN UNIT NOT A T SO SET OFF ALARM IF SEEN MORE THAN 4 TIMES

BTFSS CHECK1 ,3 ,WAS 3

INCF CHECK1.F

BTFSS CHECK 1 ,3

GOTO OUT3

NOP

GOTO OUT2 ;SET OFF ALARM

OUT3

MOVLW .10 ; was a 5 TIC

MOVWF TIMER1

MOVLW .20 ;was a 10

MOVWF TEMPI

CALL BEEP

GOTO SKIP

OUT ,'VALUE NOT RIGHT RETURN AND READ AGAIN

MOVLW .200

MOVWF TIMER1

MOVLW .100 MOVWF TEMPI CALL BEEP

GOTO MAIN

SKIPP

OUTV

BSF PORTB, 1 GOTO GKL ;FOR NO DISPLAY

GKL ;SEND ONLY ALARM DATA

BTFSS PORTA, 1

GOTO TX2

MOVLW .50 ;was 2A = =τ

SUBWF VALUE3.W

MOVWF TEMPI

BTFSC TEMPI ,0

GOTO TX1

BTFSC TEMPI , 1

GOTO TX1

BTFSC TEMPI ,2

GOTO TX1

BTFSC TEMPI ,3

GOTO TX1

BTFSC TEMPI ,4

GOTO TX1

BTFSC TEMPI ,5

GOTO TX1

BTFSC TEMPI ,6

GOTO TX1

BTFSC TEMPI ,7

GOTO TX1

GOTO TX2

TX1 GOTO MAIN

TX2

;PC VERSION FOR DS5O0O

MOVLW 65h

CALL TXDATA

MOVLW 65h

CALL TXDATA

MOVLW .33

CALL TXDATA

MOVLW .42

CALL TXDATA MOVLW .42 ;*

CALL TXDATA

MOVF VALUE1.W

CALL TXDATA

MOVF VALUE2.W

CALL TXDATA

MOVF VALUE3.W

CALL TXDATA

MOVLW .65

CALL TXDATA

MOVLW .66

CALL TXDATA

MOVLW .67

CALL TXDATA

MOVF VALUE4.W

CALL TXDATA

MOVF VALUE5.W

MOVLW .48

CALL TXDATA

MOVF VALUE6.W

CALL TXDATA

MOVF VALUE7.W

CALL TXDATA

MOVF VALUE8.W

CALL TXDATA

MOVF VALUE1.W

CALL TXDATA

MOVF VALUE9.W

CALL TXDATA

MOVF VALUE10.W

CALL TXDATA

MOVF VALUE11.W

CALL TXDATA

MOVF VALUE12.W

CALL TXDATA

MOVF VALUE13.W

CALL TXDATA

MOVF VALUE14.W

CALL TXDATA

MOVF VALUE15,W

CALL TXDATA

MOVF VALUE16,W

CALL TXDATA

MOVLW .48

CALL TXDATA

MOVLW OAh

CALL TXDATA

MOVLW ODh

CALL TXDATA

MOVLW 80h

CALL TXDATA

BSF PORTB,2 TERRYX

MOVLW .01

MOVWF CHECK3

TERRYY

GOTO MAIN

GOTO NOTX

;tx data on

MOVF VALUE1 ,0

ADDWF VALUE2.0

ADDWF VALUE3,0

ADDWF VALUE4,0

ADDWF VALUE5.0

ADDWF VALUE6.0

ADDWF VALUE7.0

ADDWF VALUE8,0

ADDWF VALUE9,0

ADDWF VALUE10.0

ADDWF VALUE11 ,0

ADDWF VALUE12.0

ADDWF VALUE13.0

ADDWF VALUE14.0

ADDWF VALUE15.0

MOVWF CSUM

MOVLW 20h ;was 20

MOVWF TEMPI movlw 20h movwf TEMP

CALL pulse4

MOVLW 20h

MOVWF TEMPI

MOVLW 20h ;WAS 20 AN!

MOVWF TEMP

CALL pulse4 movlw 20h movwf TEMP call pulse4

MOVLW .04 ;TX ON TIME

MOVWF TEMPI movf VALUE 1 ,0 ;was 10h movwf TEMP call pulse movf VALUE2,0 movwf TEMP call pulse movlw .50 movf VALUE3.0 movwf TEMP call pulse movf VALUE4.0 movwf TEMP call pulse movf VALUE5.0 movwf TEMP call pulse movf VALUE6.0 movwf TEMP call pulse movf VALUE7.0 movwf TEMP call pulse movf VALUE8.0 movwf TEMP call pulse movf VALUE9.0 movwf TEMP call pulse movf VALUE10.0 movwf TEMP call pulse movf VALUE11.0 movwf TEMP call pulse movf VALUE12.0 movwf TEMP call pulse movf VALUE13.0 movwf TEMP call pulse movf VALUE1 .0 movwf TEMP call pulse movf VALUE15.0 movwf TEMP call pulse movf VALUE16,0 movlw .83 movwf TEMP call pulse

MOVF CSUM,0 MOVWF TEMP CALL pulse

call pulseδ

DECFSZ CHECK3.F GOTO TERRYY

NOTX

MOVLW 65h

CALL XXDATA

MOVLW 65h

CALL XXDATA

MOVLW .33

CALL XXDATA

MOVLW .42

CALL XXDATA

MOVLW .42 ;

CALL XXDATA

MOVF VALUE 1 ,W

CALL XXDATA

MOVF VALUE2.W

CALL XXDATA

MOVF VALUE3,W

CALL XXDATA

MOVLW .65

CALL XXDATA

MOVLW .66

CALL XXDATA

MOVLW .67

CALL XXDATA

MOVF VALUE4.W

CALL XXDATA

MOVF VALUE5.W

MOVLW .48

CALL XXDATA

MOVF VALUE6.W

CALL XXDATA

MOVF VALUE7.W

CALL XXDATA

MOVF VALUE8.W

CALL XXDATA

MOVF VALUE1.W

CALL XXDATA

MOVF VALUE9.W

CALL XXDATA

MOVF VALUE10.W

CALL XXDATA

MOVF VALUE11.W

CALL XXDATA

MOVF VALUE12.W

CALL XXDATA

MOVF VALUE13.W CALL XXDATA

MOVF VALUE14.W

CALL XXDATA

MOVF VALUE15.W

CALL XXDATA

MOVF VALUE16.W

CALL XXDATA

MOVLW .48

CALL XXDATA

MOVLW OAh

CALL XXDATA

MOVLW ODh

CALL XXDATA

MOVLW 80h

CALL XXDATA

MOVLW 80h

CALL XXDATA

BCF PORTB.2

GOTO MAIN

pulse

BTFSS TEMP.O

CALL pulse3

BTFSC TEMP.O call pulse2

BTFSS TEMP.1

CALL pulse3

BTFSC TEMP.1 call pulse2

BTFSS TEMP,2

CALL pulse3

BTFSC TEMP.2 call pulse2

BTFSS TEMP.3

CALL pulse3

BTFSC TEMP.3 call pulse2

BTFSS TEMP.4

CALL pulse3

BTFSC TEMP.4 call pulse2

BTFSS TEMP.5

CALL pulse3

BTFSC TEMP,5 call pulse2 BTFSS TEMP.6

CALL pulse3

BTFSC TEMP,6 call pulse2

BTFSS TEMP,7

CALL pulseδ

BTFSC TEMP,7 call pulseβ

; CALL pulseδ return pulseθ clrwdt

MOVF TEMPI ,W movwf TIMER1 bsf PORTB.3 ;on foR 3 6 9 12 1 diiig NOP NOP NOP nop nop nop nop ;new nop nop nop decfsz TIMER1 ,1 goto diiig

BCF PORTB.3 ;cycle 46 turn off

MOVLW .22 -was 18

MOVWF TIMER1

TNY2 DECFSZ TIMER1.1

GOTO TNY2

RETURN pulse2 clrwdt

MOVF TEMPI ,W movwf TIMER1 bsf PORTB.3 .on foR 3 6 9 12 ddgf NOP NOP NOP NOP NOP NOP NOP nop nop nop

decfsz TIMER1.1 goto ddgf BCF PORTB.3 ;cycl 46 turn off

MOVLW .17 ;WAS 13

MOVWF TIMER1

TNY1 DECFSZ TIMER1.1

GOTO TNY1

RETURN pulseδ clrwdt

MOVF TEMPI ,W movwf TIMER1 1 bsf PORTB.3 ;on foR 3 6 9 12 1 d'gg NOP NOP NOP decfsz TIMER1.1 goto digg BCF PORTB.3 .cycle 46 turn off

NOP

RETURN pulse 3 i clrwdt

MOVF TEMPI ,W movwf TIMER1 bsf PORTB.3 ;on foR 3 6 9 12 digpp NOP NOP NOP decfsz TIMER1.1 goto digpp BCF PORTB.3 .-cycle 46 turn off

MOVLW .3

MOVWF TIMER1

TNY4 NOP NOP NOP

DECFSZ TIMER1.1

GOTO TNY4 RETURN

pulse4 clrwdt

MOVF TEMPI ,W movwf TIMER1

NOP

NOP ;12 CYCLES

NOP

NOP bsf PORTB.3 ;on for 46us digph NOP NOP NOP decfsz TIMER1.1 goto digph

BCF PORTB.3 ;cycle 46 turn off digf NOP

NOP

NOP decfsz TEMP,1 goto digf

NOP

RETURN

TXDATA

MOVWF TEMP call PPSE2 nop nop nop nop nop

BTFSS TEMP.O

CALL PPSE2

BTFSC TEMP.O call PPSE3

BTFSS TEMP.1

CALL PPSE2

BTFSC TEMP.1 call PPSE3

BTFSS TEMP.2

CALL PPSE2

BTFSC TEMP.2 call PPSE3

BTFSS TEMP.3

CALL PPSE2

BTFSC TEMP.3 call PPSE3 BTFSS TEMP.4

CALL PPSE2

BTFSC TEMP.4 call PPSE3

BTFSS TEMP.5

CALL PPSE2

BTFSC TEMP.5 call PPSE3

BTFSS TEMP.6

CALL PPSE2

BTFSC TEMP.6 call PPSE3

BTFSS TEMP.7

CALL PPSE2

BTFSC TEMP.7 call PPSE3

CALL PPSE3 call PPSE3 return

XXDATA

MOVWF TEMP

; call PPSE3

; call PPSE3 call PPSE3 call PPSE3 call PPSE3

call XPSE2 ;was2 nop nop nop nop nop

BTFSS TEMP.O

CALL XPSE2

BTFSC TEMP.O call XPSE3

BTFSS TEMP.1

CALL XPSE2

BTFSC TEMP.1 call XPSE3

BTFSS TEMP.2

CALL XPSE2

BTFSC TEMP.2 call XPSE3

BTFSS TEMP.3

CALL XPSE2 BTFSC TEMP.3 call XPSE3

BTFSS TEMP.4

CALL XPSE2

BTFSC TEMP.4 call XPSE3

BTFSS TEMP.5

CALL XPSE2

BTFSC TEMP.5 call XPSE3

BTFSS TEMP.6

CALL XPSE2

BTFSC TEMP.6 call XPSE3

BTFSS TEMP.7

CALL XPSE2

BTFSC TEMP.7 call XPSE3

CALL XPSE3 call XPSE3 ;was3

CALL XPSE2 return

PPSE2 clrwdt

MOVLW .7 movwf TEMPI bsf PORTB.2 ;on foR 3 6 9 12 ETC. dighh decfsz TEMPI , 1 goto dighh

NOP

RETURN

PPSE3 clrwdt

MOVLW .7 movwf TEMPI bcf PORTB.2 ,on foR 3 6 9 12 ETC. diggh decfsz TEMPI , 1 goto diggh

NOP

RETURN

XPSE2 clrwdt

MOVLW .7 movwf TEMPI bcf PORTB,2 .was bsf on foR 3 6 9 12 ETC. Xighh decfsz TEMPI , 1 goto Xighh

NOP

RETURN

XPSE3 clrwdt

MOVLW .7 movwf TEMPI bsf PORTB,2 ;was bcf on foR 3 6 9 12 ETC.

Xiggh decfsz TEMPI , 1 goto Xiggh

NOP

RETURN

BEEP

DS2 movf TEMPI , W movwf TEMP

BSF PORTB, 1 ;WAS1

SD2 decfsz TEMP.F goto SD2

BCF PORTB, 1 movf TEMPI, W movwf TEMP

SD3 decfsz TEMP,F goto SD3

DECFSZ TIMER1.F

GOTO DS2 return

WAITD

CLRF TIMER1

CALL WAITDD

BTFSC TEMPI ,3

BSF TIMER1.0

CALL WAITDD

BTFSC TEMPI ,3

BSF TIMER1.1

CALL WAITDD

BTFSC TEMPI ,3

BSF TIMER1.2

CALL WAITDD

BTFSC TEMPI ,3

BSF TIMER1.3

CALL WAITDD

BTFSC TEMPI ,3

BSF TIMER1.4

CALL WAITDD

BTFSC TEMPI ,3

BSF TIMER1 ,5 CALL WAITDD

BTFSC TEMPI ,3

BSF TIMER1.6

CALL WAITDD

BTFSC TEMPI ,3

BSF TIMER1.7

RETURN

WAITDD

CLRF TEMPI

S1 incf TEMPI ,F

NOP

BTFSC PORTA.O

GOTO S1

L1 nop nop nop nop

INCFSZ TEMPI , F

GOTO LL1

GOTO HH1

LL1 BTFSS PORTA.O

GOTO L1

HH1

RETURN

ASC2

MOVLW 20h CALL TXDATA MOVLW .48 MOVWF ASCII

RPT4 INCF DIGIT1

DECFSZ ASCII.F

GOTO RPT4

MOVLW .48

MOVWF ASCII

MOVF DIGIT 1.W call TXDATA

RPT5 INCF DIGIT2

DECFSZ ASCII.F

GOTO RPT5 MOVLW .48

MOVWF ASCII

MOVF DIGIT2.W call TXDATA

RPT6 INCF DIGIT3

DECFSZ ASCII.F

GOTO RPT6

MOVF DIGIT3.W call TXDATA

MOVLW 20h

CALL TXDATA

RETURN

ASC

MOVLW .48

MOVWF ASCII

RPT1 INCF DIGIT1

DECFSZ ASCII.F

GOTO RPT1

MOVLW .48

MOVWF ASCII

MOVF DIGIT1.W call SendChar

RPT2 INCF DIGIT2

DECFSZ ASCII.F

GOTO RPT2

MOVLW .48

MOVWF ASCII

MOVF DIGIT2.W call SendChar

RPT3 INCF DIGIT3

DECFSZ ASCII.F

GOTO RPT3

MOVF DIGIT3.W call SendChar

RETURN

ASC1

MOVWF DIGIT 1

MOVF DIGIT1.W call SendChar

RETURN

CONVERT

CLRF DIGIT 1

CLRF DIGIT2

CLRF DIGIT3

MOVWF VALUE CALL D1

CALL D2

CALL D3

RETURN

D1 movlw .100 subwf VALUE.W

BTFSS STATUS.C

RETLW 0

MOVWF VALUE .BALANCE IN VALUEA

INCF DIGIT1.F

GOTO D1

D2 movlw .10 subwf VALUE.W

BTFSS STATUS.C

RETLW 0

MOVWF VALUE .BALANCE IN VALUEA

INCF DIGIT2.F

GOTO D2

D3 movlw .1 subwf VALUE.W

BTFSS STATUS.C

RENTLW 0

MOVWF VALUE .BALANCE IN VALUEA

INCF DIGIT3.F

GOTO D3

CLRLCD return

SetupDelay return

SendChar return

SendCmd return

BusyCheck return

LCDInit

SLP return END TABLE 2

#####♦##♦#»*♦#*##»*#* ##*##*♦##»**##**♦♦#♦#

T140798 current project

ADD START PULSE TO DECRESE TO 48uS INCREASE START PULSE TO 200uS SET INPUT TO BE AT CENTRE FRAME 100BAUD list p= 12C509,f = inhx8m

IDLOCS 0000H

CONFIG OOOEH ,'OOOEH for int 4 meg ₀sc********************* ;OOODH FOR EXT 4 MEG XTAL ,001 EH FOR MCLR ON EXT PIN 4 + INT OSC ;001DH FOR MCLR ON EXT PIN 4 TO VSS + EXT XTAL ;000CH FOR EXT 32KHZ

IDLOCS OOOOH

STATUS =3

OSCCAL=5

;12C509

INDIR = 0

FSR = 4

PORTA = 6 ;WAS 5 PORTB =6 TRISA = 85h TRISB = 86h OPTN = 81h

TMRO=1

VAL1=08h ;code to send VAL0 = 09h ;delay /repeat

DIGIT5 = 10h DIGIT6=11h DIGIT7 = 12h DIGIT8=13h DIGIT2=14h DIGIT3=15h DIGIT4=16h DIGIT1 = 17h DIGIT9=18h DIGIT10=19h DIGIT11 = 1Ah DIGIT12 = 1Bh DIGIT13 = 1Ch DIGIT14=1Dh DIGIT15 = 1Eh VAL4=1Fh SPARE = 0Fh TERRY2 = 0Eh VAL5 = ODh VAL2 = 0Ch TERRY = 0Bh VAL3 = 0Ah ORG 0 MOVWF OSCCAL start

ORG 0

MOVWF OSCCAL

.SETUP PORT DDR

MOVLW 3EH

TRIS PORTA .all INPUTS EX

BCF PORTA.O

MOVLW 004FH ;W WAASS OOFF 44FF DEFALT IS SLOW WAS OOADH FOR NO

WAKE

OPTION UP ON PIN CHANGE

BTFSS PORTA.2

GOTO CHECK

BSF STATUS.5 .FIXED SETUP

CALL SET UP

BCF STATUS.5

loop

INCFSZ DIGIT8.1

GOTO OOT

INCFSZ DIGIT7.1

GOTO OOT

INCFSZ DIGIT6.1

GOTO OOT

INCFSZ DIGIT5.1

GOTO OOT

OOT NOP

BTFSS TERRY.7 ;IF 0 GOTO X

GOTO OUTA

MOVLW 14h

MOVWF TERRY

OUTA BTFSS TERRY.6

GOTO OUTB

MOVLW 14h

MOVWF TERRY

OUTB BTFSS TERRY.5

GOTO OUTC

MOVLW 14h

MOVWF TERRY

OUTC BTFSC TERRY

GOTO ALLOK

BTFSC TERRY.6

GOTO ALLOK

BTFSC TERRY.5 GOTO ALLOK

BTFSC TERRY,4

GOTO ALLOK

BTFSC TERRY.3

GOTO ALLOK

MOVLW 14h

MOVWF TERRY

ALLOK

;*^»**^»*WAS HERE

BTFSS PORTA.2

GOTO CHECK

;»****^#TO HERE

NEXT CLRWDT

BTFSS PORTA.2 .* • ** * #♦*

" GOTO NEXT

CLRF PORTA

PSD

BSF STATUS.5 .FIXED SETUP

CALL CSUM

BCF STATUS.5

.#******# CHECK SUM FOR DATA

MOVLW .48

SUBWF DIGIT15.W

MOVWF VAL1

BTFSC VAL1.0

GOTO TX1

BTFSC VAL1.1

GOTO TX1

BTFSC VAL1.2

GOTO TX1

BTFSC VAL1,3

GOTO TX1

BTFSC VAL1.4

GOTO TX1

BTFSC VAL1.5

GOTO TX1

BTFSC VAL1.6

GOTO TX1

BTFSC VAL1,7

GOTO TX1

GOTO TX2

MOVLW 20h ;was 20 AND 11 MOVWF VAL5 movlw 20h movwf VAL1

CALL pulse4

MOVLW 20h

MOVWF VAL5 50

MOVLW 20h ;WAS 20 AND SI

MOVWF VAL1

CALL pulse4 movlw 20h movwf VAL1 call pulse4

MOVLW .04 ;was 04 TX ON 7

MOVWF VAL5 movf DIGIT1.0 ;DIGIT1

MOVWF VAL1 call pulse movf DIGIT2,0 .period of tx movwf VAL1 call pulse movf DIGIT3.0 ; + -1 on io chang movwf VAL1 call pulse movf DIGIT4.0 ,-inc on io change movwf VAL1 call pulse movf DIG1T5.0 ;inc on tx 1 movwf VAL1 call pulse movf DIGIT6.0 ;inc on tx 2 movwf VAL1 call pulse movf DIGIT7,0 ;inc on tx 3 movwf VAL1 call pulse movf DIGIT8.0 movwf VAL1 call pulse movf DIGIT9.0 movwf VAL1 call pulse movf DIGIT 10,0 movwf VAL1 call pulse movf DIGIT11.0 movwf VAL1 call pulse movf DIGIT12.0 movwf VAL1 call pulse movf DIGIT13,0 movwf VAL1 call pulse movf DIGIT14,0 movwf VAL1 call pulse movf DIGIT15.0 movwf VAL1 call pulse movlw .80 movwf VAL1 call pulse movf TERRY2.0 movwf VAL1 call pulse nop nop nop nop nop nop nop nop nop nop call pulseδ

.'SLEEP MODE AFTER CODE

TX2 clrwdt

MOVF PORTA.O

MOVWF VAL1 sleep nop

MOVF VAL1 ,0

MOVWF PORTA clrwdt

RETURN

ZERO NOP MOVWF VAL1 BTFSS VAL1.7 ;IF 0 GOTO X GOTO OUTX CLRF VAL1

INCF VAL1.1

OUTX BTFSS VAL1 ,6

GOTO OUTX2

CLRF VAL1

INCF VAL1.1

OUTX2

RETURN

;PROC FOR OUTPUT CODE

pulse

BTFSS VAL1.0

CALL puise3

BTFSC VAL1.0 call pulse2

BTFSS VAL1.1

CALL pulse3

BTFSC VAL1.1 call pulse2 I56

BTFSS VAL1.2

CALL pulse3

BTFSC VAL1 ,2 call pulse2

BTFSS VAL1.3

CALL pulse3

BTFSC VAL1.3 call pulse2

BTFSS VAL1 ,4

CALL pulse3

BTFSC VAL1.4 call pulse2

BTFSS VAL1.5

CALL pulse3

BTFSC VAL1.5 call pulse2

BTFSS VAL1 ,6

CALL pulse3

BTFSC VAL1.6 call pulse2

BTFSS VAL1.7

CALL pulse5

BTFSC VAL1.7 call pulseδ

; CALL pulseδ return pulseβ clrwdt MOVLW .20 ;TEST OF RANGE BUT STILL SHOULD BE BIGGER

THAN 4

MOVF VAL5,W movwf VALO bsf PORTA.O ;on foR 3 6 9 12 ETC. diiig NOP

NOP

NOP ;NEW CHECK POWER*** *#####*#***

NOP decfsz VAL0.1 goto diiig

BCF PORTA.O .-cycle 46 turn off nop nop nop nop nop nop nop nop nop nop nop nop nop nop nop

nop nop nop nop

RETURN pulse2 clrwdt

MOVF VAL5.W wovwf VALO bsf PORTA.O ;on foR 3 6 9 12 ETC. dighh NOP

NOP

NOP ;ALSO NEW CHECK POWER**********

NOP decfsz VAL0.1 goto dighh

BCF PORTA.O .-cycle 46 turn off

; NOP

NOP

; NOP

; NOP ; nop nop nop nop nop nop nop nop nop nop nop nop nop nop nop nop nop nop nop

RETURN pulseδ clrwdt

MOVLW .10 ;TEST OF RANGE

MOVF VALδ.W movwf VALO bsf PORTA.O ;on foR 3 6 9 12 ETC. digg decfsz VAL0.1 goto digg

BCF PORTA.O ,-cycle 46 turn off

RETURN pulse3 clrwdt -

MOVF VALδ.W movwf VALO bsf PORTA.O ;on foR 3 6 9 12 ETC digpp decfsz VAL0.1 goto digpp

BCF PORTA.O .cycle 46 turn off nop nop nop nop nop nop

RETURN pulse4 clrwdt

bsf PORTA.O ;on for 46us digph decfsz VAL0.1 goto digph

BCF PORTA.O ;cycle 46 turn off digf decfsz VAL1.1 goto digf

NOP

RETURN

;**** "MOVED TO HERE

CHECK

.COUNTER MODE

MOVLW .48

SUBWF DIGIT15.W

MOVWF VAL1

BTFSC VAL1.7

GOTO TT1

BTFSC VAL1.6

GOTO TT1

BTFSC VAL1 ,δ

GOTO TT1

BTFSC VAL1.4

GOTO TT1

BTFSC VAL1.3

GOTO TT1

BTFSC VAL1 ,2

GOTO TT1

BTFSC VAL1.1

GOTO TT1

BTFSC VAL1 ,0

GOTO TT3

GOTO TT2

TT2 BTFSC PORTA.2 ;WAS PORTA, 1

GOTO KK1

BTFSC SPARE.O ;BTFSC = BIT = 0 NEXT INSTRUCTION SKIPPED

GOTO KK1

MOVLW 01 h

MOVWF SPARE

INCF DIGIT3.1

INCF DIGIT4.1 ;WAS DIGIT4

KK1

BTFSS PORTA.2 ;WAS PORTA, 1

GOTO KK2

BTFSS SPARE.O

GOTO KK2

CLRF SPARE

DECF DIGIT3.1

KK2

GOTO NEXT

TT3 BTFSC PORTA.2 GOTO NEXT MOVLW 1 Fh

MOVWF TERRY

MOVF VAL4.W

SUBWF DIGIT4.W

MOVWF VAL1

BTFSC VAL1.7

GOTO TT1

BTFSC VAL1.6

GOTO TT1

BTFSC VAL1 ,5

GOTO TT1

BTFSC VAL1 ,4

GOTO TT1

BTFSC VAL1.3

GOTO TT1

BTFSC VAL1.2

GOTO TT1

BTFSC VAL1.1

GOTO TT1

BTFSC VAL1 ,0

GOTO TT1

MOVLW 16h

MOVWF TERRY

CLRF VAL4

TT1

BTFSC PORTA.2 .10 IS NOW LOW SO SET UP DATA

*****PROGRAM MODE OFF****¹ GOTO NEXT

CLRF VAL1

,-WSB BTFSS PORTA.2

'^" GOTO WSB

CLRWDT ;we must now wait 4500 us

MOVLW .20 WAS 10-25-23-4δ

MOVWF VAL3

PM1 MOVLW .23.23 ,-reusable values are vail valδ val2 vai3

MOVWF VAL2

PM2 CLRWDT

DECFSZ VAL2.1

GOTO PM2

DECFSZ VAL3.1

GOTO PM1

MOVLW .46:45

MOVLW VAL3

B11 MOVLW .46 .reusable values are vail valδ val3

MOVWF VAL2

B12 CLRWDT

DECFSZ VAL2,1 GOTO B12

DECFSZ VAL3.1

GOTO B11

BTFSC PORTA.2

BSF VAL1.0

BCF PORTA.O

MOVLW .46

MOVWF VAL3

B21 MOVLW .46 -reusable values are vail valδ val2 val3

MOVWF VAL2

B22 CLRWDT

DECFSZ VAL2.1

GOTO B22

DECFSZ VAL3.1

GOTO B21

BTFSC PORTA.2

BSF VAL1.1

: BSF PORTA.O

MOVLW .46

MOVWF VAL3

B31 MOVLW .46 .reusable values are vail valδ val2 val3

MOVWF VAL2

B32 CLRWDT

DECFSZ VAL2.1

GOTO B32

DECFSZ VAL3.1

GOTO B31

BTFSC PORTA,2

BSF VAL1.2

BCF PORTA.O

MOVLW .46

MOVWF VAL3

B41 MOVLW .46 .reusable values are vail valδ val2 val3

MOVWF VAL2

B42 CLRWDT

DECFSZ VAL2.1

GOTO B42

DECFSZ VAL3.1

GOTO B41

BTFSC PORTA.2

BFS VAL1.3

BFS PORTA.O

MOVLW .46

MOVWF VAL3

B51 MOVLW .46 .reusable values are vail valδ val2 val3

MOVWF VAL2

B52 CLRWDT

DECFSZ VAL2.1

GOTO B52

DECFSZ VAL3.1

GOTO B51

BTFSC PORTA.2 BSF VAL1 ,4

BCF PORTA.O

MOVLW .46

MOVWF VAL3

B61 MOVLW .46 .'reusable values are vail valδ va!3

MOVWF VAL2

B62 CLRWDT

DECFSZ VAL2.1

GOTO B62

DECFSZ VAL3.1

GOTO B61

BTFSC PORTA.2

BSF VAL1.5

BSF PORTA.O

MOVLW .46

MOVWF VAL3

B71 MOVLW .46 .reusable values are vail valδ val2 va!3

MOVWF VAL2

B72 CLRWDT

DECFSZ VAL2.1

GOTO B72

DECFSZ VAL3.1

GOTO B71

BTFSC PORTA.2

BSF VAL1.6

BCF PORTA.O

MOVLW .46

MOVWF VAL3

B81 MOVLW .46 .reusable values are vail valδ val2 va!3

MOVWF VAL2

B82 CLRWDT

DECFSZ VAL2.1

GOTO B82

DECFSZ VAL3.1

GOTO B81

BTFSC PORTA.2

BSF VAL1.7

BCF PORTA.O

; INCF TERRY.1

BTFSC TERRY ,4

GOTO SSM

MOVLW 14h

MOVWF TERRY

SSM

MOVF TERRY.O

MOVWF FSR

MOVF VAL1.0

MOVWF INDIR

INCF TERRY.1

; CLRF DIGIT5

CLRF DIGIT6 CLRF DIGIT7

CLRF DIGIT8

MOVF VAL1.0

MOVWF DIGIT4

MOVLW .48

SUBWF DIGIT5.W

MOVWF VAL1

BTFSC VAL1.0

GOTO TX1

BTFSC VAL1.1

GOTO TX1

BTFSC VAL1.2

GOTO TX1

BTFSC VAL1.3

GOTO TX1

BTFSC VAL1.4

GOTO TX1

BTFSC VAL1 ,5

GOTO TX1

BTFSC VAL1 ,6

GOTO TX1

BTFSC VAL1.7

GOTO TX1

GOTO TX2

;TX1

GOTO NEXT

ORG 200H

SET UP

MOVF DIGIT2.0 ;3,4,5 MOVWF VAL5

GOTO OUT3 ;NO PRIOR SETUP MODE ****REMOVE ****

BTFSC VAL5.7

GOTO OUT3

BTFSC VAL5.6

GOTO OUT3

BTFSS VAL5,5

GOTO OUT3

BTFSS VAL5.4

GOTO OUT3

BTFSC VAL5.3

GOTO OUT1 C

BTFSC VAL5.2

GOTO OUT1C

BTFSC VALδ,1 GOTO OUT1C

BTFSC VALδ.O

GOTO OUT1C

MOVLW 004FH ;was 004FH for no pull ups

OPTION

GOTO 0UT4

OUT1C

BTFSC VAL5,3

GOTO OUT1B

BTFSC VAL5.2

GOTO OUT1B

BTFSC VAL5,1

GOTO OUT1B

BTFSS VALδ.O

GOTO OUT I B

MOVLW 004EH ;

OPTION

GOTO 0UT4

OUT I B

BTFSC VALδ.3

GOTO OUT1A

BTFSC VALδ.2

GOTO OUT1A

BTFSS VAL6.1

GOTO OUT1A

BTFSC VALδ.O

GOTO OUT1A

MOVLW 004DH

OPTION

GOTO 0UT4

OUT1A

BTFSC VAL6.3

GOTO OUT1

BTFSC VAL5.2

GOTO OUT1

BTFSS VAL5.1

GOTO OUT1

BTFSS VALδ.O

GOTO OUT1

MOVLW 004CH ;16

OPTION

GOTO 0UT4

OUT1

BTFSC VALδ,3

GOTO OUT2

BTFSS VALδ,2

GOTO OUT2

BTFSC VAL5.1

GOTO OUT2

BTFSC VAL5,0

GOTO OUT2 MOVLW 004BH ;16

OPTION

GOTO 0UT4

OUT2

BTFSC VAL5,3

GOTO OUT3

BTFSS VALδ,2

GOTO OUT3

BTFSC VAL5.1

GOTO OUT3

BTFSS VAL5.0

GOTO OUT3

MOVLW 004AH ;32

OPTION

GOTO 0UT4

OUT3

BTFSC VALδ.3

GOTO OUT5

BTFSS VAL5.2

GOTO OUTδ

BTFSS VALδ,1

GOTO OUTδ

BTFSC VALδ.O

GOTO OUTδ

MOVLW 0049H ;WAS 0049H

OPTION

GOTO 0UT4

OUT5

;RESET TAG

MOVLW 0 00044DDHH ; ;OOEE 22SSEECC O ( B= 13FAST OOODH FOR 1 PER SEC AND OOOFH FOR SLOW

OPTION

MOVLW .50 ; ;WWAS 50 OA 2SEC OD = 13FAST OBH FOR 1 PER SEC AND 09H FOR

SLOW

MOVWF DIGIT2 ;SPEED

MOVLW .50

MOVWF DIGIT3 .-SWITCH

MOVLW .00

MOVWF DIGIT4 .COUNTER

MOVLW .00

MOVWF DIGITS ;AGE

MOVLW .00

MOVWF DIGIT6 ;

MOVLW .00

MOVWF DIGIT7 , *

MOVLW .00

MOVWF DIGIT8 ]

MOVLW .48

MOVWF DIGIT1 ;DATA 1

MOVLW .48

MOVWF DIGIT9 .data 2

MOVLW .48

MOVWF DIGIT10 I

MOVLW .48

MOVWF DIGIT 11 MOVLW .48

MOVWF DIGIT12

MOVLW .48

MOVWF DIGIT13

MOVLW .48

MOVWF DIGIT14

MOVLW .65

MOVWF DIGIT15

MOVLW .80

MOVWF DIGIT16

MOVLW 14h

MOVWF TERRY

0UT4

INCFSZ DIGIT8.1 GOTO OOTA

INCFSZ DIGIT7.1 GOTO OOTA

INCFSZ DIGIT6.1 GOTO OOTA

INCFSZ DIGITδ.1 GOTO OOTA

OOTA

RETURN

CSUM

MOVF DIGIT1.0

ADDWF DIGIT2.0

ADDWF DIGIT3.0

ADDWF DIGIT4,0

ADDWF DIGITδ.O

ADDWF DIGIT6.0

ADDWF DIGIT7.0

ADDWF DIGIT8.0

ADDWF DIGIT9.0

ADDWF DIGIT10.0

ADDWF DIGIT1 1.0

ADDWF DIGIT12.0

ADDWF DIGIT13.0

ADDWF DIGIT14.0

ADDWF DIGITI δ.O

MOVWF TERRY2

RETURN

end

Claims

CLAIMS:

1 . An electronic tag which includes processor means programmed to provide a modulation control signal which includes unique identification data which at least identifies the tag; and transmitter circuitry connected to the processor means and to an antenna for transmission of the unique identification data, the transmitter circuitry being powered by the modulation control signal.

2. An electronic tag as claimed in Claim 1 , in which the transmitter circuitry is exclusively powered by the modulation control signal of the processor means.

3. An electronic tag as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 2, in which the transmitter circuitry includes passive components and a transistor defining oscillation circuitry directly driven by the processor means, the transistor in combination with the passive components forming an integral part of the transmitter circuitry which is powered up by the modulation signal.

4. An electronic tag as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, in which the processor means is configured to provide the modulation control signal with a first part followed by a second part, the first part including at least one high pulse of such a duration so as to provide sufficient power to the transmitter circuitry at least partially to stabilize it for transmission of the second part which includes data defined in a plurality of pulses which are of a substantially lesser duration.

5. An electronic tag as claimed in Claim 4, in which the first part of the modulation control signal includes a plurality of high pulses that, in combination, provide an identification signal to a tag receiver for receiving a transmission from the electronic tag.

6. An electronic tag as claimed in Claim 4 or Claim 5, in which each pulse of the second part of the modulation signal includes a start portion for identifying a start of a bit and a data portion for identifying a state of the bit of data, the duration of the data portion selectively defining a high and a low state of the bit under control of the processor means.

7. An electronic tag as claimed in Claim 6, in which the high state of the bit is defined by a shorter data portion during which the oscillator circuitry is switched off and the low state of the bit is defined by a longer data portion during which the oscillator circuitry is switched off.

8. An electronic tag as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, in which the processor means is a micro-controller which includes an internal RC oscillator on which the modulation control signal is dependent and the micro-controller is arranged to enter a sleep mode between data transmissions thereby to reduce power consumption.

9. An identification system which includes a plurality of electronic tags, each tag including processor means programmed to provide a modulation control signal which includes unique identification data which at least identifies the tag; and transmitter circuitry connected to the processor means and to an antenna for transmission of the unique identification data, the transmitter circuitry being substantially powered by the modulation control signal; and at least one electronic tag receiver configured to receive a transmission from the tag.

1 0. An identification system as claimed in Claim 9, in which the transmitter circuitry of the electronic tag is exclusively powered by the modulation control signal of the processor means.

1 1 . An identification system as claimed in Claim 9 or Claim 10, in which the transmitter circuitry includes passive components and a transistor directly driven by the processor means, the transistor in combination with the passive components forming an integral part of the transmitter circuitry which is powered up by the modulation control signal.

1 2. An identification system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims 9 to 1 1 inclusive, in which the processor means is configured to provide the modulation control signal with a first part followed by a second part, the first part including at least one high pulse of such a duration so as to provide sufficient power to the transmitter circuitry at least partially to stabilize for transmission of the second part which includes data defined in a plurality of pulses which are of a substantially lesser duration.

1 3. An identification system as claimed in Claim 1 2, in which the first part of the modulation control signal includes a plurality of high pulses that, in combination, provide an identification signal to signal detection means of the electronic tag receiver for receiving a transmission from the electronic tag.

14. An identification system as claimed in Claim 1 2 or Claim 1 3, in which each pulse of the second part of the modulation signal includes a start portion for identifying a start of a bit and a data portion for identifying a state of the bit of data, the duration of the data portion selectively defining a high and a low state of the bit under control of the processor means.

1 5. An identification system as claimed in Claim 14, in which the high bit is defined by a shorter data portion during which the transmitter circuitry is switched off and the low bit is defined by a longer data portion during which the transmitter circuitry is switched off.

1 6. A method of communicating data from an electronic tag, the method including driving transmitter circuitry of the tag with a modulation control signal which substantially powers the transmitter circuitry.

1 7. A method as claimed in Claim 1 6, in which the modulation control signal exclusively powers the transmitter circuitry.

1 8. A method as claimed in Claim 1 6 or Claim 1 7, which includes selectively modulating a fundamental frequency of an oscillator when data is transmitted and disabling the oscillator when data is not being transmitted.

19. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims 16 to 18 inclusive, in which the modulation control signal includes a first part followed by a second part, the first part including at least one high pulse of such a duration so as to provide sufficient power to the transmitter circuitry at least to partially stabilize it for transmission of the second part which includes data defined in a plurality of pulses which are of a substantially lesser duration.

20. A method as claimed in Claim 19, in which the first part of the modulation control signal includes a plurality of high pulses that, in combination, provide an identification signal to a tag receiver for receiving a transmission from the electronic tag.

21 . A method as claimed in Claim 19 or Claim 20, in which each pulse of the second part of the modulation signal includes a start portion for identifying a start of a bit and a data portion for identifying a state of the bit of data, the duration of the data portion selectively defining a high and a low state of the bit under control of the processor means.

22. A method as claimed in Claim 21 , in which the high bit is defined by a shorter data portion during which the modulation control signal is switched off and the low bit is defined by a longer data portion during which the modulation control signal is switched off.

23. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims 16 to 22 inclusive, in which the processor means is a micro-controller which includes an internal RC oscillator on which the modulation control signal is dependent and the micro-controller is arranged to enter a sleep mode between data transmissions thereby to reduce power consumption.

24. A receiver for receiving a transmission from one of a plurality of electronic tags, the transmission including a first part and a second part and the receiver including detection circuitry for detecting the first part and the second part of the transmission, the first part including at least one high pulse in response to which the receiver monitors reception of the second part which includes data defined in a plurality of pulses which are of a substantially lesser duration; and timing means for timing the duration of each of the pulses in the second part and selectively generating a high or a low output defining a bit dependent upon the duration of the pulse.

25. A new electronic tag, substantially as herein described and illustrated.

26. A new system, substantially as herein described and illustrated.

27. A new method of reducing power consumption in an electronic tag, substantially as herein described and illustrated.

28. A new receiver, substantially as herein described and illustrated.