EP1154518A2 - Integrated antenna for mobile telephones - Google Patents

Integrated antenna for mobile telephones Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1154518A2
EP1154518A2 EP01440125A EP01440125A EP1154518A2 EP 1154518 A2 EP1154518 A2 EP 1154518A2 EP 01440125 A EP01440125 A EP 01440125A EP 01440125 A EP01440125 A EP 01440125A EP 1154518 A2 EP1154518 A2 EP 1154518A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
radiator
antenna arrangement
resonance frequency
antenna
frequency
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP01440125A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1154518B1 (en
EP1154518A3 (en
Inventor
Dirk Manteuffel
Achim Bahr
José Marie Baro
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alcatel CIT SA
Alcatel Lucent SAS
Original Assignee
Alcatel CIT SA
Alcatel SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alcatel CIT SA, Alcatel SA filed Critical Alcatel CIT SA
Publication of EP1154518A2 publication Critical patent/EP1154518A2/en
Publication of EP1154518A3 publication Critical patent/EP1154518A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1154518B1 publication Critical patent/EP1154518B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • H01Q9/42—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole with folded element, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of the operating wavelength
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
    • H01Q1/243—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use with built-in antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
    • H01Q5/314—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way using frequency dependent circuits or components, e.g. trap circuits or capacitors
    • H01Q5/321—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way using frequency dependent circuits or components, e.g. trap circuits or capacitors within a radiating element or between connected radiating elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
    • H01Q5/342—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes
    • H01Q5/357—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes using a single feed point
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0421—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with a shorting wall or a shorting pin at one end of the element

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an antenna arrangement (flat antenna arrangement, Plate antenna arrangement, patch antenna arrangement) with a ground plate and a spotlight, which in one Distance arranged essentially parallel to the ground plate is and conductively connected to one of its end regions is, at a first resonance frequency of the antenna arrangement at the connection of the spotlight to the ground plate there is a voltage minimum and in the area of the other end (free end) of the radiator a first Voltage maximum is present.
  • Integrated antennas for mobile telephones are known based on the principle of the patch antenna.
  • the external dimensions of such an antenna module are in existing Applications minimized, for example, that a folded structure (e.g. C-Patch) is used.
  • a folded structure e.g. C-Patch
  • other structures are also known that operate in two defined frequency bands (e.g. in the two cellular bands of the GSM 900 and GSM 1800 standards) enable.
  • two separate ones Spotlights used or it is taken through appropriate measures achieved that at the higher operating frequency only a certain one Spotlight part is used.
  • These practices have the disadvantage that especially at the higher frequency not the total available antenna volume is being used. This results in a small bandwidth the antenna.
  • the invention has for its object an arrangement of trained in such a way that they for two Frequency ranges is suitable and a broadband construction allowed.
  • An advantage of the invention is that in both frequency ranges the entire radiator shines. This is a relatively large bandwidth even at the higher frequency possible because a large spotlight area is available. Even at the lower frequency there is an advantage because here, too, the total available for the antenna Area can be used as a spotlight.
  • the capacitance value and the connection of the capacitive coupling selected in such a way that the second resonance frequency is at least roughly Approximation corresponds to twice the first resonance frequency.
  • the suitability for operation in the belts is advantageous 900/1800 MHz or 900/1900 MHz.
  • the capacitance value and the further digit is chosen such that the first Resonance frequency is reduced less than the second Resonance frequency.
  • the above is other point of the radiator with which the capacitive coupling occurs, near the first voltage maximum on the Radiator at the second resonance frequency. Is an advantage a particularly strong reduction in the second resonance frequency with a slight reduction in the first resonance frequency.
  • the above is other place about 1/3 of the developed length of the Spotlight, measured from the connection to the ground plate. In many cases this is a favorable design.
  • the radiator has at least partially approximates the shape of a C on, under Inclusion of an approximately C-shaped shape with a non-circular, angular shape. This has proven to be beneficial.
  • the shape of the Spotlight chosen such that the free end of the spotlight a spot of the radiator that the desired other connection corresponds to the capacity is adjacent.
  • Advantageous are the short connecting lines that are possible as a result for the capacitor.
  • the is capacitive Coupling formed by a metal strip that is interposed of dielectric material part of the length of the free end area and part of the radiator on the other location provided for capacitive coupling covered, such that the capacitive coupling by a Series connection of two capacitors is formed.
  • Advantageous is the simple and space-saving design.
  • the invention also relates to a handheld radio, including inclusion transceivers, for at least one of the purposes: Voice transmission, data transmission, image transmission, with an antenna, which is characterized in that the antenna by the antenna arrangement according to one of the claims is formed, which are essentially discussed above.
  • a handheld radio including inclusion transceivers, for at least one of the purposes: Voice transmission, data transmission, image transmission, with an antenna, which is characterized in that the antenna by the antenna arrangement according to one of the claims is formed, which are essentially discussed above.
  • the invention also relates to the use of an antenna arrangement and an embodiment of a handheld radio, such as discussed above. According to the invention, only the second (higher) resonance frequency of the antenna arrangement in the Operation used. This can have inventory advantages result if only the higher frequency band is needed, however two-band antennas according to the invention are available.
  • the antenna arrangement 1 has a ground plate 2 on. This is just in the example. At a distance from the Ground plate 2 is a radiator 3 on most of it Length arranged parallel to the ground plate 2 and by suitable means not shown at a constant distance from the Earth plate 2 held. These funds are at a first Embodiment that was realized in Fig. 1, some arranged between the radiator 3 and the ground plate 2 Spacers made of insulating material. Another one Embodiment are the means mentioned between the radiator 3 and the ground plate 2 arranged plate dielectric material. The radiator 3 is multiple in total angled.
  • Section 3a short circuit plate
  • Section 3a is included Section 3b of the radiator 3, perpendicular to it Section 3b is followed by section 3c parallel to a longitudinal edge of the rectangular one in the example Ground plate 2 runs parallel to the section on this 3b running a section 3d, and to the section 3d closes at a distance from section 3c and in parallel a section 3e extends to this.
  • the sections 3b to 3d form approximately the overall shape of a Letter C.
  • section 3e In the embodiment is also at the end of the section 3e, which is close to the short circuit plate 3a lies, another section 3f arranged, which is much denser section 3b lies than section 3d and extends into the vicinity of section 3c.
  • the sections 3b to 3f form a flat, angular, spiral-like Arrangement.
  • the antenna shown can also be used as a flat antenna, Plate antenna or patch antenna.
  • the entire radiator 3 with the sections 3a to 3f is in one piece in one embodiment of the invention made from a thin sheet of metal by punching and bending.
  • the radiator as metallization on the top and an edge surface of the above insulating plate made of dielectric Material applied.
  • the radiator 3 is supplied in the case of transmission and reception via a feed line 5, which is at a distance from the Short circuit plate 3a arranged and with the radiator 3 (in Example the section 3b) is connected, the distance is chosen so that there is a desired characteristic impedance for the feed results. Because a relatively low wave resistance is generally desired (order of magnitude 50 Ohm), is the feed line 5 compared to the entire developed length of the radiator 3 relatively close the short circuit plate 3a. At that of the short circuit plate 3a End region 6 facing away, in the example exactly at the free end the radiator 3, more precisely from its section 3f, on the one hand, and on one, exactly opposite in the exemplary embodiment lying, point 7 of section 3c on the other hand is a Capacitor 8 connected.
  • the height h corresponding to the length of the short-circuit plate 3a, in which the majority of the radiator 3 is above the ground plate 2 is small compared to a quarter of the Wavelength of the high frequency with which the antenna arrangement 1 is to be operated.
  • the above-mentioned low-resistance supply of the feed line 5 is symbolized in Figure 1 by a coaxial cable 9, the is brought up from below to the ground plate 2.
  • the outer conductor of the coaxial cable 9 stands with the conductive visible Surface of the ground plate 2 in connection, and the The center conductor of the coaxial cable 9 is connected to the feed line 5 in connection.
  • the coaxial cable 9 is common may be much shorter than shown or it may be the coaxial cable is completely eliminated because the the electronic circuit to be connected to the antenna arrangement 1 in embodiments of the invention immediately below the mass plate 2 is located.
  • the invention is the ground plate 2 by the largely continuous metallization of a printed circuit board formed on the underside of the circuit components a printed circuit.
  • the one Antenna according to Figure 1 is based.
  • the vertical axis gives that basic course of the voltage or field strength during supply the antenna arrangement with high frequency at two different Frequencies.
  • Curve 10 in FIG. 2 shows the voltage curve at Feeding the antenna arrangement without a capacitor with the first, lowest resonance frequency of the emitter 3, which then is present when a quarter of the wavelength of the effective Length of the radiator 3 including the short circuit plate corresponds.
  • an insulating plate (as a spacer or carrier of the radiator) is neglected in these explanations become.
  • the next higher resonance frequency then arises, if at the end at 6 again when increasing the feed frequency a maximum occurs. This is the case if the length 1 of the emitter 3 has a value of 3/4 of the wavelength of the corresponds to the feeding high frequency. This second-mentioned resonance frequency occurs in one compared to the former Resonance frequency by a factor of 3 higher frequency.
  • Such an arrangement (without a capacitor) is unusable, if it is to be used, a portable one with electromagnetic Transceivers working in waves
  • the should work in two frequency ranges which are in their Distinguish frequency strongly (but not by a factor of 3), which e.g. its frequency is roughly a factor of 2 differentiate.
  • Such frequency ranges are for so-called GSM radiotelephones are common, where a lower frequency range (Devices according to the GSM 900 standard) roughly at 900 MHz, and a next higher frequency range (device standard GSM 1800) at roughly 1800 MHz.
  • the antenna arrangement mentioned can therefore, if the properties according to Figure 2 has, not in resonance with both mentioned Frequencies are operated.
  • Fig. 1 makes one Two-band operation (dual band) possible.
  • the antenna arrangements mentioned are like this narrowband that even with such radio phones that are exclusive work according to the GSM900 standard and for those the transmission mode and the reception mode in by a frequency gap separate bands are made for sending and receiving each with a circuit provided at the feed point a vote must be taken.
  • this Problem does not address the present invention and this problem is not necessarily caused by solved the invention.
  • the invention makes switching specifically for one Switch between two frequency bands (e.g. as described between 900 MHz and 1800 MHz) unnecessarily in the area of the antenna.
  • a single feed line 5 is used for the feed.
  • connection point 7 of the capacitor 8 is about with a developed length of one third of the total length the radiator 3 lies.
  • the other connection of the capacitor 8 is, as already said, with the free end of the Radiator 3 connected.
  • the capacitor 8 is thus between two places of the radiator 3 connected, where the voltages when operating with the low resonance frequency differ relatively little (read from curve 10 in FIG. 2), in particular are far less than half of the Voltage at the free end of the radiator 3. This is relatively low Voltage drives a capacitive current through the capacitor 8 and influences in the sense of a frequency reduction this lower resonance frequency (curve 10) of the antenna arrangement 1 compared to the state without capacitor 8 relatively few.
  • the antenna arrangement 1 is in operation at the higher resonant frequency the capacitor 8 without any Switching measures now between two points (the same Points 6 and 7 as before), between which a relative there is a large voltage difference, which is far greater than the voltage at the free end of the radiator 3. It gives can be easily recognized here by the eye from FIG. 2, that a voltage is present at the capacitor 8 that is double the voltage at the free end of the radiator 3. In the higher resonance frequency is the effect of the capacitor 8 in the sense of a frequency reduction or antenna extension much stronger than at the lower resonance frequency.
  • the lower resonance frequency is something in the sense of a Antenna extension (frequency reduction) influenced the length compared to the case without a capacitor 1 make it slightly shorter, so the slight frequency reduction then the lower resonance frequency the desired resonance frequency, in the example to the resonance frequency leads in the area of the GSM 900.
  • the higher resonance frequency becomes very high much more reduced so that with appropriate selection of the Size of the capacitor 8 this higher resonance frequency value required for GSM 1800.
  • the general teaching for connecting the capacitor 8 is that this is connected to the radiator is supposed to influence the higher resonance frequency more (namely reduced) than the low one. Is more special the doctrine that the connection of the capacitor is such is that the voltage acting on it at the higher resonance frequency is higher than at the lower resonance frequency. In the special case, the capacitor 8 is approximately there connected where the two at the second resonance frequency opposite phase maxima of the voltage curve.
  • GSM 1900 there is currently another GSM standard exists that works at an even higher frequency, at around 1900 MHz (GSM 1900). This too Frequency falls within the scope of the very different, in particular very roughly twice the frequency of the first resonance frequency and can thus also be realized by the invention.
  • the frequency ranges for GSM 900 are around 880 to 960 MHz, for GSM 1800 at around 1710 to 1880 MHz, for GSM 1900 at around 1850 to 1990 MHz.
  • S 11 is the reflection factor measured at the entry point.
  • the reflection factor is considerably lower than at other frequencies, because at these resonance frequencies the antenna radiates a large part of the high-frequency power fed in.
  • the frequency f2 has three times the value of the frequency f1.
  • Figure 4 shows the state as it results from the capacitor 8.
  • the frequency f'1. has decreased only slightly compared to f1 and therefore has approximately the value f1, the higher resonance frequency f'2 has decreased considerably compared to f2 in FIG. 3.
  • the five radiator sections provided in the arrangement according to FIG. 1 3b to 3f form approximately the top view Shape of the small letter "e". For this arrangement hence the name e-patch suggested.
  • the antenna arrangement 1 is designed such that it has a limited available space with as much as possible High frequency leading radiator surface fills.
  • the section following section 3e also serves 3f, to the developed spot length 1 (which is somewhat is smaller than the individual along the respective center line Sections measured) and because of its proximity to the Section 3c a practical connection option for the Capacitor 8 offers.
  • the radiator 3 is a ⁇ / 4 radiator, the acts Spotlight 3 over its entire length as spotlight. This is but also the case with the higher resonance frequency.
  • the radiator 3 radiates with all its sections 3a to 3f, not just with a shorter length. This is an important advantage because it also helps with the higher Resonance frequency the antenna arrangement relatively broadband is.
  • a switchable one can be used Adaptation of the antenna may be necessary to the antenna arrangement optimally on the reception range of GSM 1800 on the one hand and on the other hand, the range of GSM 1800 adapt. It is understood that these embodiments are also to be used immediately if the antenna is dimensioned for GSM 1800 instead of for GSM 1900, or if other standards, such as AMPS, are applied.
  • An embodiment of an antenna arrangement is preferred 1 '(Fig. 5), in which the capacitor 8 by a sheet metal strip 20 approximately formed by the width of the section 3f that is about the gap between the free end at 6 and section 3c with sufficient overlap of the two adjacent sections 3c and 3f is placed and with an intermediate layer of dielectric material (plastic film 22, see Fig. 5a) connected to these parts at a defined distance is.
  • dielectric material plastic film 22, see Fig. 5a
  • Variables in the optimal dimensioning of the antenna are in particular the capacitance value of the capacitor 8 and the Junction 7.
  • the To connect the capacitor at a point in section 3c for which the value d of Figure 2 is slightly larger than the length 1/3 because with such an increase in the distance of the ground plate at the higher resonance frequency
  • the corresponding voltage of curve 10 lower frequency range
  • FIG. 5 shows a partial representation in a simple representation broken open handheld radio 15, namely a mobile radio telephone, the antenna arrangement as described above 1 'contains.
  • the capacitor is through a over parts 3c and 3f with the interposition of an insulating layer laid sheet metal strip 20 as a series connection realized by two capacities.
  • the short circuit plate 3a is located towards the upper end of the radio telephone housing.
  • the handheld radio is in the example for the areas GSM 900 and GSM 1800 designed.
  • the antenna arrangement is completely housed inside the housing of the radio telephone, it is therefore an integrated antenna.
  • the spotlight takes up a space of around 5 cm x 4 cm x 0.5 cm (the latter is the length of the short circuit plate) on.
  • the low space consumption allows dimensioning for the widest possible range.
  • the antenna array is powered for both frequency bands at the same switching point, namely at the connection point of the feed line 5 with the Spotlight 3, is done.

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Abstract

The antenna (1) has an earth plate (2) and a radiator (3) positioned parallel to the earth plate and electrically coupled to it at one end, with a voltage minimum obtained at this end at the lower resonance frequency of the antenna, a voltage voltage maximum obtained at the free end (6) of the radiator, which is capacitively coupled to a point along the radiator, for providing a further resonance frequency which is less than triple the first resonance frequency. An Independent claim for a mobile radio device is also included.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Antennenanordnung (Flachantennenanordnung, Plattenantennenanordnung, Patchantennenanordnung) mit einer Masseplatte und einem Strahler, der in einem Abstand im wesentlichen parallel zur Masseplatte angeordnet ist und mit einem seiner Endbereiche mit dieser leitend verbunden ist, wobei bei einer ersten Resonanzfrequenz der Antennenanordnung an der Verbindung des Strahlers mit der Masseplatte ein Spannungsminimum vorhanden ist und im Bereich des anderen Endes (freies Ende) des Strahlers ein erstes Spannungsmaximum vorhanden ist.The invention relates to an antenna arrangement (flat antenna arrangement, Plate antenna arrangement, patch antenna arrangement) with a ground plate and a spotlight, which in one Distance arranged essentially parallel to the ground plate is and conductively connected to one of its end regions is, at a first resonance frequency of the antenna arrangement at the connection of the spotlight to the ground plate there is a voltage minimum and in the area of the other end (free end) of the radiator a first Voltage maximum is present.

Bekannt sind integrierte Antennen für Mobilfunktelefone, die auf dem Prinzip der Patch-Antenne basieren. Die äußeren Abmessungen eines solchen Antennenmoduls werden in bestehenden Applikationen beispielsweise dadurch minimiert, dass eine gefaltete Struktur (z.B. C-Patch) verwendet wird. Neben der einfach resonanten Ausführung (ein einziges Betriebsfrequenzband) sind auch weitere Strukturen bekannt, die den Betrieb in zwei definierten Frequenzbändern (wie z.B. in den beiden Mobilfunkbändern des GSM900- und des GSM1800-Standards) ermöglichen. Hier werden entweder zwei getrennte Strahler verwendet oder es wird durch geeignete Maßnahmen erreicht, dass bei der höheren Betriebsfrequenz nur ein bestimmter Strahlerteil verwendet wird. Diese Vorgehensweisen bergen den Nachteil, dass insbesondere bei der höheren Frequenz nicht das gesamte zur Verfügung stehende Antennenvolumen genutzt wird. Hieraus resultiert eine geringe Bandbreite der Antenne.Integrated antennas for mobile telephones are known based on the principle of the patch antenna. The external dimensions of such an antenna module are in existing Applications minimized, for example, that a folded structure (e.g. C-Patch) is used. In addition to the simple resonant design (one operating frequency band) other structures are also known that operate in two defined frequency bands (e.g. in the two cellular bands of the GSM 900 and GSM 1800 standards) enable. Here are either two separate ones Spotlights used or it is taken through appropriate measures achieved that at the higher operating frequency only a certain one Spotlight part is used. These practices have the disadvantage that especially at the higher frequency not the total available antenna volume is being used. This results in a small bandwidth the antenna.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Anordnung der eingangs genannten Art so auszubilden, dass sie für zwei Frequenzbereiche geeignet ist und eine breitbandige Konstruktion erlaubt.The invention has for its object an arrangement of trained in such a way that they for two Frequency ranges is suitable and a broadband construction allowed.

Diese Aufgabe wird gemäß dem kennzeichnenden Teil des Anspruchs 1 dadurch gelöst, dass bei einer weiteren, höheren Resonanzfrequenz an den genannten Enden des Strahlers ein Spannungsminimum beziehungsweise ein zweites Spannungsmaximum vorhanden ist, und dass der Bereich des freien Endes des Strahlers mit einer anderen Stelle des Strahlers derart kapazitiv gekoppelt ist, dass die weitere Resonanzfrequenz gegenüber dem dreifachen Wert der ersten Resonanzfrequenz verringert ist.This object is achieved according to the characterizing part of the claim 1 solved in that another, higher Resonance frequency at the ends of the radiator Voltage minimum or a second voltage maximum is present and that the area of the free end of the Radiator with another point of the radiator so capacitively is coupled that the further resonance frequency opposite reduced to three times the value of the first resonance frequency is.

Ein Vorteil der Erfindung liegt darin, dass bei beiden Frequenzbereichen der gesamte Strahler strahlt. Dadurch ist auch bei der höheren Frequenz eine relativ große Bandbreite möglich, weil eine große Strahlerfläche zur Verfügung steht. Auch bei der niedrigeren Frequenz besteht ein Vorteil, weil auch hier die ganze für die Antenne insgesamt verfügbare Fläche als Strahler nutzbar ist. Zur Speisung kann ein einziger Punkt des Strahlers verwendet werden.An advantage of the invention is that in both frequency ranges the entire radiator shines. This is a relatively large bandwidth even at the higher frequency possible because a large spotlight area is available. Even at the lower frequency there is an advantage because here, too, the total available for the antenna Area can be used as a spotlight. One can be used for feeding Point of the emitter can be used.

Bei einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung sind der Kapazitätswert und der Anschluss der kapazitiven Kopplung derart gewählt, dass die zweite Resonanzfrequenz mindestens in grober Näherung dem Doppelten der ersten Resonanzfrequenz entspricht. Von Vorteil ist die Eignung zum Betrieb in den Bändern 900/1800 MHz oder 900/1900 MHz. In one embodiment of the invention, the capacitance value and the connection of the capacitive coupling selected in such a way that the second resonance frequency is at least roughly Approximation corresponds to twice the first resonance frequency. The suitability for operation in the belts is advantageous 900/1800 MHz or 900/1900 MHz.

Bei einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung sind der Kapazitätswert und die weitere Stelle derart gewählt, dass die erste Resonanzfrequenz weniger stark verringert wird als die zweite Resonanzfrequenz. Von Vorteil ist, daß die Antenne in ihren Abmessungen klein gehalten werden kann.In one embodiment of the invention, the capacitance value and the further digit is chosen such that the first Resonance frequency is reduced less than the second Resonance frequency. The advantage is that the antenna in their Dimensions can be kept small.

Bei einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung liegt die genannte andere Stelle des Strahlers, mit der die kapazitive Kopplung erfolgt, in der Nähe des ersten Spannungsmaximums auf dem Strahler bei der zweiten Resonanzfrequenz. Von Vorteil ist eine besonders starke Verringerung der zweiten Resonanzfrequenz bei einer geringen Reduzierung der ersten Resonanzfrequenz.In one embodiment of the invention, the above is other point of the radiator with which the capacitive coupling occurs, near the first voltage maximum on the Radiator at the second resonance frequency. Is an advantage a particularly strong reduction in the second resonance frequency with a slight reduction in the first resonance frequency.

Bei einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung liegt die genannte andere Stelle etwa bei 1/3 der abgewickelten Länge des Strahlers, gemessen ab der Verbindung mit der Masseplatte. Dies ist eine in vielen Fällen günstige Bemessung.In one embodiment of the invention, the above is other place about 1/3 of the developed length of the Spotlight, measured from the connection to the ground plate. In many cases this is a favorable design.

Bei einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung weist der Strahler mindestens teilweise angenähert die Form eines C auf, unter Einschluss einer etwa C-förmigen Gestalt mit einer nichtrunden, eckigen Form. Dies hat sich als günstig erwiesen.In one embodiment of the invention, the radiator has at least partially approximates the shape of a C on, under Inclusion of an approximately C-shaped shape with a non-circular, angular shape. This has proven to be beneficial.

Bei einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist die Gestalt des Strahlers derart gewählt, dass das freie Ende des Strahlers einer Stelle des Strahlers, die dem gewünschten anderen Anschluss der Kapazität entspricht, benachbart ist. Von Vorteil sind die hierdurch möglichen kurzen Verbindungsleitungen für den Kondensator.In one embodiment of the invention, the shape of the Spotlight chosen such that the free end of the spotlight a spot of the radiator that the desired other connection corresponds to the capacity, is adjacent. Advantageous are the short connecting lines that are possible as a result for the capacitor.

Bei einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist die kapazitive Kopplung durch einen Metallstreifen gebildet, der unter Zwischenlage von dielektrischem Material einen Teil der Länge des freien Endbereichs und einen Teil des Strahlers an der anderen für die kapazitive Kopplung vorgesehenen Stelle überdeckt, derart, dass die kapazitive Kopplung durch eine Serienschaltung zweier Kondensatoren gebildet ist. Von Vorteil ist die einfache und platzsparende Bauform.In one embodiment of the invention, the is capacitive Coupling formed by a metal strip that is interposed of dielectric material part of the length of the free end area and part of the radiator on the other location provided for capacitive coupling covered, such that the capacitive coupling by a Series connection of two capacitors is formed. Advantageous is the simple and space-saving design.

Die Erfindung betrifft auch ein Handfunkgerät, unter Einschluss von Transceivern, für mindestens einen der Zwecke: Sprachübertragung, Datenübertragung, Bildübertragung, mit einer Antenne, das dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass die Antenne durch die Antennenanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche gebildet ist, die im wesentlichen oben besprochen sind. Von Vorteil ist, daß eine einfache Sende/Empfangsschaltung möglich ist. Auch ist eine kleine Bauform für das Gerät möglich.The invention also relates to a handheld radio, including inclusion transceivers, for at least one of the purposes: Voice transmission, data transmission, image transmission, with an antenna, which is characterized in that the antenna by the antenna arrangement according to one of the claims is formed, which are essentially discussed above. Of The advantage is that a simple transmit / receive circuit is possible is. A small design for the device is also possible.

Die Erfindung betrifft auch eine Verwendung einer Antennenanordnung und eine Ausgestaltung eines Handfunkgeräts, wie oben besprochen. Dabei wird erfindungsgemäß lediglich die zweite (höhere) Resonanzfrequenz der Antennenanordnung im Betrieb benutzt. Dadurch können sich Lagerhaltungsvorteile ergeben, wenn nur das höhere Frequenzband benötigt wird, jedoch erfindungsgemäße Zweibandantennen verfügbar sind.The invention also relates to the use of an antenna arrangement and an embodiment of a handheld radio, such as discussed above. According to the invention, only the second (higher) resonance frequency of the antenna arrangement in the Operation used. This can have inventory advantages result if only the higher frequency band is needed, however two-band antennas according to the invention are available.

Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen der Erfindung anhand der Zeichnung, die erfindungswesentliche Einzelheiten zeigt, und aus den Ansprüchen. Die einzelnen Merkmale können je einzeln für sich oder zu mehreren in beliebiger Kombination bei einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung verwirklicht sein. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine schematische perspektivische Ansicht eines Ausführungsbeispiels einer Antenne,
Fig. 2
eine graphische Darstellung der Spannungsverteilung über der Länge einer Antenne gemäß Figur 1, aber ohne Kondensator, bei zwei Resonanzfrequenzen,
Fig. 3
die Lage von zwei Resonanzfrequenzen der Antenne gemäß Figur 1 ohne Vorhandensein des Kondensators der Figur 1,
Fig. 4
im gleichen Frequenzmaßstab wie bei Figur 3 die veränderte Lage der Resonanzfrequenzen im Vergleich zu Figur 3 in Folge des Vorhandenseins des Kondensators der Figur 1
Fig. 5
eine Ansicht eines Hand-Funktelefon-Geräts mit Antenne, und
Fig. 5a
eine Einzelheit in Fig. 5 bei 20, vergrößert.
Further features and advantages of the invention result from the following description of exemplary embodiments of the invention with reference to the drawing, which shows details essential to the invention, and from the claims. The individual features can be implemented individually or in any combination in any combination in one embodiment of the invention. Show it:
Fig. 1
1 shows a schematic perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of an antenna,
Fig. 2
2 shows a graphic representation of the voltage distribution over the length of an antenna according to FIG. 1, but without a capacitor, at two resonance frequencies,
Fig. 3
the position of two resonance frequencies of the antenna according to FIG. 1 without the presence of the capacitor of FIG. 1,
Fig. 4
on the same frequency scale as in FIG. 3, the changed position of the resonance frequencies compared to FIG. 3 as a result of the presence of the capacitor of FIG. 1
Fig. 5
a view of a hand-held radio telephone device with antenna, and
Fig. 5a
a detail in Fig. 5 at 20, enlarged.

In Figur 1 weist die Antennenanordnung 1 eine Masseplatte 2 auf. Diese ist im Beispiel eben. In einem Abstand von der Masseplatte 2 ist ein Strahler 3 auf dem größten Teil seiner Länge parallel zur Masseplatte 2 angeordnet und durch geeignete nicht dargestellte Mittel in konstantem Abstand von der Masseplatte 2 gehalten. Diese Mittel sind bei einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel, das bei Fig. 1 verwirklicht wurde, einige zwischen dem Strahler 3 und der Masseplatte 2 angeordnete Abstandshalter aus Isoliermaterial. Bei einem anderen Ausführungsbeispiel sind die genannten Mittel eine zwischen dem Strahler 3 und der Masseplatte 2 angeordnete Platte aus dielektrischem Material. Der Strahler 3 ist insgesamt mehrfach abgewinkelt. Ein Ende des parallel zur Masseplatte 2 verlaufenden Teils des Strahlers 3 ist durch einen Abschnitt 3a (Kurzschlussplatte), der rechtwinklig zur Masseplatte 2 verläuft, auf seiner gesamten Breite leitend mit der Masseplatte 2 verbunden. An den Abschnitt 3a schließt sich ein Abschnitt 3b des Strahlers 3 an, rechtwinklig zu diesem verlaufend schließt sich an den Abschnitt 3b ein Abschnitt 3c an, der parallel zu einer Längskante der im Beispiel rechteckigen Masseplatte 2 verläuft, an diesen parallel zum Abschnitt 3b verlaufend ein Abschnitt 3d, und an den Abschnitt 3d schließt sich in einem Abstand vom Abschnitt 3c und parallel zu diesem verlaufend ein Abschnitt 3e an. Die Abschnitte 3b bis 3d bilden insgesamt angenähert die Form eines Buchstaben C. Im Ausführungsbeispiel ist außerdem am Ende des Abschnitts 3e, das nahe bei der Kurzschlussplatte 3a liegt, ein weiterer Abschnitt 3f angeordnet, der viel dichter beim Abschnitt 3b liegt als bei dem Abschnitt 3d und sich bis in die Nähe des Abschnitts 3c erstreckt. Die Abschnitte 3b bis 3f bilden eine ebene, eckige, spiralähnliche Anordnung. Die gezeigte Antenne kann auch als Flachantenne, Plattenantenne oder Patch-Antenne bezeichnet werden.In FIG. 1, the antenna arrangement 1 has a ground plate 2 on. This is just in the example. At a distance from the Ground plate 2 is a radiator 3 on most of it Length arranged parallel to the ground plate 2 and by suitable means not shown at a constant distance from the Earth plate 2 held. These funds are at a first Embodiment that was realized in Fig. 1, some arranged between the radiator 3 and the ground plate 2 Spacers made of insulating material. Another one Embodiment are the means mentioned between the radiator 3 and the ground plate 2 arranged plate dielectric material. The radiator 3 is multiple in total angled. One end of the parallel to the ground plate 2 extending part of the radiator 3 is through a section 3a (short circuit plate), which is perpendicular to the ground plate 2 runs across its entire width with the ground plate 2 connected. Section 3a is included Section 3b of the radiator 3, perpendicular to it Section 3b is followed by section 3c parallel to a longitudinal edge of the rectangular one in the example Ground plate 2 runs parallel to the section on this 3b running a section 3d, and to the section 3d closes at a distance from section 3c and in parallel a section 3e extends to this. The sections 3b to 3d form approximately the overall shape of a Letter C. In the embodiment is also at the end of the section 3e, which is close to the short circuit plate 3a lies, another section 3f arranged, which is much denser section 3b lies than section 3d and extends into the vicinity of section 3c. The sections 3b to 3f form a flat, angular, spiral-like Arrangement. The antenna shown can also be used as a flat antenna, Plate antenna or patch antenna.

Der gesamte Strahler 3 mit den genannten Abschnitten 3a bis 3f ist bei einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung einstückig aus einem dünnen Metallblech durch Stanzen und Biegen hergestellt. Bei einer anderen Ausführungsform ist der Strahler als Metallisierung auf der Oberseite und einer Randfläche der obengenannten isolierenden Platte aus dielektrischem Werkstoff aufgebracht.The entire radiator 3 with the sections 3a to 3f is in one piece in one embodiment of the invention made from a thin sheet of metal by punching and bending. In another embodiment, the radiator as metallization on the top and an edge surface of the above insulating plate made of dielectric Material applied.

Die Speisung des Strahlers 3 erfolgt im Sende- und Empfangsfall über eine Speiseleitung 5, die in einem Abstand von der Kurzschlussplatte 3a angeordnet und mit dem Strahler 3 (im Beispiel dem Abschnitt 3b) verbunden ist, wobei der Abstand so gewählt ist, dass sich ein gewünschter Wellenwiderstand für die Speisung ergibt. Da ein relativ geringer Wellenwiderstand im allgemeinen gewünscht ist (Größenordnung 50 Ohm), befindet sich die Speiseleitung 5 im Vergleich zur gesamten abgewickelten Länge des Strahlers 3 relativ dicht bei der Kurzschlussplatte 3a. An dem der Kurzschlussplatte 3a abgewandten Endbereich 6, im Beispiel exakt am freien Ende des Strahlers 3, genauer von dessen Abschnitt 3f, einerseits, und an einer, im Ausführungsbeispiel genau gegenüber liegenden, Stelle 7 des Abschnitts 3c andererseits ist ein Kondensator 8 angeschlossen.The radiator 3 is supplied in the case of transmission and reception via a feed line 5, which is at a distance from the Short circuit plate 3a arranged and with the radiator 3 (in Example the section 3b) is connected, the distance is chosen so that there is a desired characteristic impedance for the feed results. Because a relatively low wave resistance is generally desired (order of magnitude 50 Ohm), is the feed line 5 compared to the entire developed length of the radiator 3 relatively close the short circuit plate 3a. At that of the short circuit plate 3a End region 6 facing away, in the example exactly at the free end the radiator 3, more precisely from its section 3f, on the one hand, and on one, exactly opposite in the exemplary embodiment lying, point 7 of section 3c on the other hand is a Capacitor 8 connected.

Die der Länge der Kurzschlussplatte 3a entsprechende Höhe h, in der sich der Großteil des Strahlers 3 oberhalb der Masseplatte 2 befindet, ist klein gegenüber einem Viertel der Wellenlänge der Hochfrequenz, mit der die Antennenanordnung 1 betrieben werden soll.The height h corresponding to the length of the short-circuit plate 3a, in which the majority of the radiator 3 is above the ground plate 2 is small compared to a quarter of the Wavelength of the high frequency with which the antenna arrangement 1 is to be operated.

Die oben erwähnte niederohmige Speisung der Speiseleitung 5 ist in Figur 1 durch ein Koaxialkabel 9 symbolisiert, das von unten her an die Masseplatte 2 herangeführt ist. Der Außenleiter des Koaxialkabels 9 steht mit der leitenden sichtbaren Oberfläche der Masseplatte 2 in Verbindung, und der Mittelleiter des Koaxialkabels 9 ist mit der Speiseleitung 5 in Verbindung.The above-mentioned low-resistance supply of the feed line 5 is symbolized in Figure 1 by a coaxial cable 9, the is brought up from below to the ground plate 2. The outer conductor of the coaxial cable 9 stands with the conductive visible Surface of the ground plate 2 in connection, and the The center conductor of the coaxial cable 9 is connected to the feed line 5 in connection.

In der praktischen Anwendung wird das Koaxialkabel 9 häufig sehr viel kürzer sein als dargestellt oder es kann möglicherweise das Koaxialkabel ganz entfallen, weil sich die mit der Antennenanordnung 1 zu verbindende elektronische Schaltung bei Ausführungsformen der Erfindung unmittelbar unterhalb der Masseplatte 2 befindet. Bei weiteren Ausführungsformen der Erfindung ist die Masseplatte 2 durch die weitgehend durchgehende Metallisierung einer gedruckten Leiterplatte gebildet, auf deren Unterseite sich die Schaltungskomponenten einer gedruckten Schaltung befinden.In practical use, the coaxial cable 9 is common may be much shorter than shown or it may be the coaxial cable is completely eliminated because the the electronic circuit to be connected to the antenna arrangement 1 in embodiments of the invention immediately below the mass plate 2 is located. In further embodiments the invention is the ground plate 2 by the largely continuous metallization of a printed circuit board formed on the underside of the circuit components a printed circuit.

Zur Erläuterung der Funktionsweise der Antennenanordnung der Figur 1 wird zunächst auf Figur 2 Bezug genommen, der eine Antenne nach Figur 1, aber ohne Kondensator, zugrunde liegt. Auf der Horizontalachse ist die Distanz d vom Verbindungspunkt der Kurzschlussplatte mit der Masseplatte bis zum freien Ende des Strahlers 3 aufgetragen, wobei das andere Ende der Kurzschlussplatte 3a (d.h. die Verbindung mit der Masseplatte 2) bei d = 0 liegt. Die Vertikalachse gibt den prinzipiellen Verlauf der Spannung bzw. Feldstärke bei Speisung der Antennenanordnung mit Hochfrequenz bei zwei unterschiedlichen Frequenzen an.To explain the operation of the antenna arrangement of the Figure 1 is initially referred to Figure 2, the one Antenna according to Figure 1, but without a capacitor, is based. The distance d from the connection point is on the horizontal axis the short circuit plate with the ground plate up to applied free end of the radiator 3, the other End of the short circuit plate 3a (i.e. the connection to the Earth plate 2) is at d = 0. The vertical axis gives that basic course of the voltage or field strength during supply the antenna arrangement with high frequency at two different Frequencies.

Die Kurve 10 in der Figur 2 zeigt den Spannungsverlauf bei Speisung der Antennenanordnung ohne Kondensator mit der ersten, niedrigsten Resonanzfrequenz des Strahlers 3, die dann vorliegt, wenn ein Viertel der Wellenlänge der wirksamen Länge des Strahlers 3 einschließlich der Kurzschlussplatte entspricht. Zur Vereinfachung soll der Einfluss der Dielektrizitätszahl einer Isolierstoffplatte (als Abstandshalter oder Träger des Strahlers) bei diesen Erläuterungen vernachlässigt werden. Bei der Speisung an der Speiseleitung 5 mit dieser ersten Resonanzfrequenz hat die Spannung somit am freien Ende des Strahlers, entsprechend einer abgewickelten Länge 1 ein erstes Maximum und am unteren Ende der Kurzschlussplatte den Wert 0.Curve 10 in FIG. 2 shows the voltage curve at Feeding the antenna arrangement without a capacitor with the first, lowest resonance frequency of the emitter 3, which then is present when a quarter of the wavelength of the effective Length of the radiator 3 including the short circuit plate corresponds. To simplify the influence of the dielectric constant an insulating plate (as a spacer or carrier of the radiator) is neglected in these explanations become. When feeding on the feed line 5 with This first resonance frequency has the voltage at free end of the emitter, corresponding to an unwound Length 1 is a first maximum and at the lower end of the short circuit plate the value 0.

Die nächst höhere Resonanzfrequenz stellt sich dann ein, wenn am Ende bei 6 bei Erhöhung der Speisefrequenz wiederum ein Maximum auftritt. Dies ist dann der Fall, wenn die Länge 1 des Strahlers 3 einem Wert von 3/4 der Wellenlänge der speisenden Hochfrequenz entspricht. Diese zweitgenannte Resonanzfrequenz tritt bei einer im Vergleich zur erstgenannten Resonanzfrequenz um den Faktor 3 höheren Frequenz auf.The next higher resonance frequency then arises, if at the end at 6 again when increasing the feed frequency a maximum occurs. This is the case if the length 1 of the emitter 3 has a value of 3/4 of the wavelength of the corresponds to the feeding high frequency. This second-mentioned resonance frequency occurs in one compared to the former Resonance frequency by a factor of 3 higher frequency.

Eine solche Anordnung (ohne Kondensator) ist unbrauchbar, wenn sie dazu verwendet werden soll, ein tragbares mit elektromagnetischen Wellen arbeitendes Sende-Empfangsgeräte (Transceiver) mit einer Antennenanordnung zu versehen, die in zwei Frequenzbereichen arbeiten soll, die sich in ihrer Frequenz stark unterscheiden (aber nicht um den Faktor 3), die sich z.B. in ihrer Frequenz ganz grob um den Faktor 2 unterscheiden. Solche Frequenzbereiche sind für sogenannte GSM-Funktelefone üblich, bei denen ein unterer Frequenzbereich (Geräte nach dem Standard GSM 900) ganz grob bei 900 MHz liegt, und ein nächst höherer Frequenzbereich (Gerätestandard GSM 1800) bei ganz grob 1800 MHz. Die genannte Antennenanordnung kann somit, wenn sie die Eigenschaften gemäß Figur 2 aufweist, nicht in Resonanz bei beiden genannten Frequenzen betrieben werden.Such an arrangement (without a capacitor) is unusable, if it is to be used, a portable one with electromagnetic Transceivers working in waves To provide (transceiver) with an antenna arrangement, the should work in two frequency ranges, which are in their Distinguish frequency strongly (but not by a factor of 3), which e.g. its frequency is roughly a factor of 2 differentiate. Such frequency ranges are for so-called GSM radiotelephones are common, where a lower frequency range (Devices according to the GSM 900 standard) roughly at 900 MHz, and a next higher frequency range (device standard GSM 1800) at roughly 1800 MHz. The antenna arrangement mentioned can therefore, if the properties according to Figure 2 has, not in resonance with both mentioned Frequencies are operated.

Die in Fig. 1 gezeigte Ausführungsform macht einen solchen Zweibandbetrieb (Dual Band) aber möglich.The embodiment shown in Fig. 1 makes one Two-band operation (dual band) possible.

In der Praxis sind die genannten Antennenanordnungen so schmalbandig, dass sogar bei solchen Funktelefonen, die ausschließlich nach dem GSM900-Standard arbeiten und bei denen der Sendebetrieb und der Empfangsbetrieb in durch eine Frequenzlücke getrennten Bändern erfolgen, zum Senden und Empfangen jeweils durch eine am Speisepunkt vorgesehene Beschaltung eine Abstimmung vorgenommen werden muss. Mit diesem Problem befasst sich die vorliegende Erfindung nicht, und dieses Problem wird auch nicht notwendigerweise durch die Erfindung behoben.In practice, the antenna arrangements mentioned are like this narrowband that even with such radio phones that are exclusive work according to the GSM900 standard and for those the transmission mode and the reception mode in by a frequency gap separate bands are made for sending and receiving each with a circuit provided at the feed point a vote must be taken. With this Problem does not address the present invention and this problem is not necessarily caused by solved the invention.

Die Erfindung macht vielmehr ein Umschalten eigens für einen Wechsel zwischen zwei Frequenzbändern (z.B. wie beschrieben zwischen 900 MHz und 1800 MHz) im Bereich der Antenne unnötig. Zur Speisung dient eine einzige Speiseleitung 5.Rather, the invention makes switching specifically for one Switch between two frequency bands (e.g. as described between 900 MHz and 1800 MHz) unnecessarily in the area of the antenna. A single feed line 5 is used for the feed.

Bei der Anordnung nach Figur 1 ist nun die Anordnung so getroffen, dass der Anschlusspunkt 7 des Kondensators 8 etwa bei einer abgewickelten Länge von einem Drittel der Gesamtlänge des Strahlers 3 liegt. Der andere Anschluss des Kondensators 8 ist, wie schon gesagt, mit dem freien Ende des Strahlers 3 verbunden. Der Kondensator 8 ist somit zwischen zwei Stellen des Strahlers 3 angeschlossen, bei denen sich im Betrieb mit der niedrigen Resonanzfrequenz die Spannungen (abzulesen an der Kurve 10 der Figur 2) relativ wenig unterscheiden, insbesondere weit geringer sind als die Hälfte der Spannung am freien Ende des Strahlers 3. Diese relativ geringe Spannung treibt einen kapazitiven Strom durch den Kondensator 8 und beeinflusst im Sinne einer Frequenzerniedrigung diese niedrigere Resonanzfrequenz (Kurve 10) der Antennenanordnung 1 im Vergleich zum Zustand ohne Kondensator 8 relativ wenig.In the arrangement according to FIG. 1, the arrangement is now made so that the connection point 7 of the capacitor 8 is about with a developed length of one third of the total length the radiator 3 lies. The other connection of the capacitor 8 is, as already said, with the free end of the Radiator 3 connected. The capacitor 8 is thus between two places of the radiator 3 connected, where the voltages when operating with the low resonance frequency differ relatively little (read from curve 10 in FIG. 2), in particular are far less than half of the Voltage at the free end of the radiator 3. This is relatively low Voltage drives a capacitive current through the capacitor 8 and influences in the sense of a frequency reduction this lower resonance frequency (curve 10) of the antenna arrangement 1 compared to the state without capacitor 8 relatively few.

Dagegen befindet sich beim Betrieb der Antennenanordnung 1 bei der höheren Resonanzfrequenz der Kondensator 8 ohne irgendwelche Umschaltmaßnahmen nun zwischen zwei Punkten (dieselben Punkte 6 und 7 wie zuvor), zwischen denen eine relativ große Spannungsdifferenz herrscht, die weit größer ist als die Spannung am freien Ende des Strahlers 3. Es ergibt sich hier für das Auge ohne weiteres erkennbar aus Fig. 2, dass am Kondensator 8 eine Spannung anliegt, die das Doppelte der Spannung am freien Ende des Strahlers 3 ist. Bei der höheren Resonanzfrequenz ist somit die Wirkung des Kondensators 8 im Sinne einer Frequenzverringerung bzw. Antennenverlängerung sehr viel stärker als bei der niedrigeren Resonanzfrequenz.In contrast, the antenna arrangement 1 is in operation at the higher resonant frequency the capacitor 8 without any Switching measures now between two points (the same Points 6 and 7 as before), between which a relative there is a large voltage difference, which is far greater than the voltage at the free end of the radiator 3. It gives can be easily recognized here by the eye from FIG. 2, that a voltage is present at the capacitor 8 that is double the voltage at the free end of the radiator 3. In the higher resonance frequency is the effect of the capacitor 8 in the sense of a frequency reduction or antenna extension much stronger than at the lower resonance frequency.

Da auch die niedrigere Resonanzfrequenz etwas im Sinne einer Antennenverlängerung (Frequenzerniedrigung) beeinflusst wird, wird man gegenüber dem Fall ohne Kondensator die Länge 1 geringfügig kürzer machen, so dass die geringfügige Frequenzverringerung der niedrigeren Resonanzfrequenz dann zu der gewünschten Resonanzfrequenz, im Beispiel zu der Resonanzfrequenz im Bereich des GSM 900 führt.Since the lower resonance frequency is something in the sense of a Antenna extension (frequency reduction) influenced the length compared to the case without a capacitor 1 make it slightly shorter, so the slight frequency reduction then the lower resonance frequency the desired resonance frequency, in the example to the resonance frequency leads in the area of the GSM 900.

Die höhere Resonanzfrequenz wird, wie bereits gesagt, sehr viel stärker verringert, so dass bei geeigneter Auswahl der Größe des Kondensators 8 diese höhere Resonanzfrequenz den für GSM 1800 erforderlichen Wert hat.As already mentioned, the higher resonance frequency becomes very high much more reduced so that with appropriate selection of the Size of the capacitor 8 this higher resonance frequency value required for GSM 1800.

Die allgemeine Lehre für den Anschluss des Kondensators 8 ist, dass dieser so an den Strahler angeschlossen werden soll, dass er die höhere Resonanzfrequenz stärker beeinflusst (nämlich verringert) als die niedrige. Spezieller ist die Lehre, dass der Anschluss des Kondensators so beschaffen ist, dass die an ihm wirkende Spannung bei der höheren Resonanzfrequenz höher ist als bei der niedrigeren Resonanzfrequenz. Im speziellen Falle ist der Kondensator 8 etwa dort angeschlossen, wo bei der zweiten Resonanzfrequenz die beiden gegenphasigen Maxima der Spannungskurve liegen. The general teaching for connecting the capacitor 8 is that this is connected to the radiator is supposed to influence the higher resonance frequency more (namely reduced) than the low one. Is more special the doctrine that the connection of the capacitor is such is that the voltage acting on it at the higher resonance frequency is higher than at the lower resonance frequency. In the special case, the capacitor 8 is approximately there connected where the two at the second resonance frequency opposite phase maxima of the voltage curve.

Es wird darauf hingewiesen, dass zur Zeit ein weiterer GSM-Standard existiert, der mit einer noch höheren Frequenz arbeitet, und zwar bei etwa 1900 MHz (GSM 1900). Auch diese Frequenz fällt in den Rahmen der stark abweichenden, insbesondere ganz grob doppelten Frequenz der ersten Resonanzfrequenz und ist somit durch die Erfindung ebenfalls zu verwirklichen.It should be noted that there is currently another GSM standard exists that works at an even higher frequency, at around 1900 MHz (GSM 1900). This too Frequency falls within the scope of the very different, in particular very roughly twice the frequency of the first resonance frequency and can thus also be realized by the invention.

Die Frequenzbereiche liegen für GSM 900 bei etwa 880 bis 960 MHz, für GSM 1800 bei etwa 1710 bis 1880 MHz, für GSM 1900 bei etwa 1850 bis 1990 MHz.The frequency ranges for GSM 900 are around 880 to 960 MHz, for GSM 1800 at around 1710 to 1880 MHz, for GSM 1900 at around 1850 to 1990 MHz.

Die Lage der Resonanzfrequenzen ohne Vorhandensein des Kondensators 8 ist in Figur 3 dargestellt. S11 ist der Reflexionsfaktor, der am Einspeisepunkt gemessen wird. Bei den Resonanzfrequenzen f1 und f2 ist der Reflexionsfaktor erheblich niedriger als bei anderen Frequenzen, weil an diesen Resonanzfrequenzen die Antenne einen Großteil der eingespeisten Hochfrequenzleistung abstrahlt. Die Frequenz f2 hat den dreifachen Wert der Frequenz f1. Figur 4 zeigt den Zustand, wie er sich durch den Kondensator 8 ergibt. Die Frequenz f'1. hat sich gegenüber f1 nur geringfügig verringert und hat daher etwa den Wert f1, die höhere Resonanzfrequenz f'2 hat sich gegenüber f2 in Figur 3 erheblich verringert.The position of the resonance frequencies without the presence of the capacitor 8 is shown in FIG. 3. S 11 is the reflection factor measured at the entry point. At the resonance frequencies f1 and f2, the reflection factor is considerably lower than at other frequencies, because at these resonance frequencies the antenna radiates a large part of the high-frequency power fed in. The frequency f2 has three times the value of the frequency f1. Figure 4 shows the state as it results from the capacitor 8. The frequency f'1. has decreased only slightly compared to f1 and therefore has approximately the value f1, the higher resonance frequency f'2 has decreased considerably compared to f2 in FIG. 3.

Der Fachmann weiß, dass durch weitere Einflüsse (Gehäuse des Handfunkgeräts, insbesondere eines GSM-Funktelefons, die Wirkung einer das Gerät haltenden Hand und andere Einflüsse) Längen, die sich aufgrund einer theoretischen Betrachtung oder anhand einer Antennenanordnung, die in einem uneingebauten Zustand betrieben wird, ergeben, merklich ändern können. Es sind daher gegenüber den hier erläuterten Bemessungsregeln für die Konstruktion gegebenenfalls noch Feinanpassungen erforderlich. The expert knows that due to further influences (housing of the Handheld radio, in particular a GSM radio telephone, the Effect of a hand holding the device and other influences) Lengths that are based on a theoretical consideration or using an antenna arrangement installed in an unbuilt Condition is operated, result, noticeably change. It is therefore against the design rules explained here for the construction, if necessary, fine adjustments required.

Die bei der Anordnung nach Figur 1 vorgesehenen fünf Strahlerabschnitte 3b bis 3f bilden in der Draufsicht etwa die Form des kleinen Buchstaben "e". Für diese Anordnung wird daher der Name e-Patch vorgeschlagen.The five radiator sections provided in the arrangement according to FIG. 1 3b to 3f form approximately the top view Shape of the small letter "e". For this arrangement hence the name e-patch suggested.

Die Antennenanordnung 1 ist so ausgebildet, dass sie einen begrenzten zur Verfügung stehenden Raum mit möglichst viel Hochfrequenz führender Strahleroberfläche füllt. Hierzu dient auch der sich an den Abschnitt 3e anschließende Abschnitt 3f, der zur abgewickelten Strahlerlänge 1 (die etwas kleiner ist als längs der jeweiligen Mittellinie die einzelnen Abschnitte gemessen) beiträgt und wegen seiner Nähe zum Abschnitt 3c eine praktische Anschlussmöglichkeit für den Kondensator 8 bietet. Bei der niedrigeren Resonanzfrequenz, bei der der Strahler 3 ein λ/4-Strahler ist, wirkt der Strahler 3 auf seiner gesamten Länge als Strahler. Dies ist aber auch bei der höheren Resonanzfrequenz der Fall. Auch hier strahlt der Strahler 3 mit allen seinen Abschnitten 3a bis 3f, also nicht etwa nur mit einer kürzeren Länge. Dies ist ein wichtiger Vorteil, weil dadurch auch bei der höheren Resonanzfrequenz die Antennenanordnung relativ breitbandig ist. Dagegen kann, wie oben erwähnt, durchaus eine umschaltbare Anpassung der Antenne erforderlich sein, um die Antennenanordnung optimal an den Empfangsbereich von GSM 1800 einerseits und an den Sendebereich von GSM 1800 andererseits anzupassen. Es versteht sich, dass diese Ausführungsformen unmittelbar auch dann anzuwenden sind, wenn die Antenne statt für GSM 1800 für GSM 1900 dimensioniert ist, oder wenn andere Normen, wie AMPS, angewandt werden.The antenna arrangement 1 is designed such that it has a limited available space with as much as possible High frequency leading radiator surface fills. For this the section following section 3e also serves 3f, to the developed spot length 1 (which is somewhat is smaller than the individual along the respective center line Sections measured) and because of its proximity to the Section 3c a practical connection option for the Capacitor 8 offers. At the lower resonance frequency, in which the radiator 3 is a λ / 4 radiator, the acts Spotlight 3 over its entire length as spotlight. This is but also the case with the higher resonance frequency. Also here the radiator 3 radiates with all its sections 3a to 3f, not just with a shorter length. This is an important advantage because it also helps with the higher Resonance frequency the antenna arrangement relatively broadband is. In contrast, as mentioned above, a switchable one can be used Adaptation of the antenna may be necessary to the antenna arrangement optimally on the reception range of GSM 1800 on the one hand and on the other hand, the range of GSM 1800 adapt. It is understood that these embodiments are also to be used immediately if the antenna is dimensioned for GSM 1800 instead of for GSM 1900, or if other standards, such as AMPS, are applied.

Insbesondere ist darauf hinzuweisen, dass beim Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 1 für den Anschluss des Kondensators 8 keine wesentlichen Teile der Fläche des Strahlers 3 verloren gehen. Der Kondensator 8 kann einfach zwischen die Bereiche 6 und 7 eingeschaltet werden. In particular, it should be noted that in the embodiment 1 for the connection of the capacitor 8 none essential parts of the surface of the radiator 3 lost go. The capacitor 8 can easily between the areas 6 and 7 can be switched on.

Bevorzugt ist eine Ausführungsform einer Antennenanordnung 1' (Fig. 5), bei der der Kondensator 8 durch einen Blechstreifen 20 etwa von der Breite des Abschnitts 3f gebildet wird, der über die Lücke zwischen dem freien Ende bei 6 und dem Abschnitt 3c mit ausreichender Überlappung der beiden benachbarten Abschnitte 3c und 3f gelegt wird und unter Zwischenlage von dielektrischem Material (Kunststofffolie 22, siehe Fig. 5a) in definiertem Abstand mit diesen Teilen verbunden ist. Es sind auf diese Weise zwei Kondensatoren gebildet, die über eine relativ breite und kurze und somit induktionsarme Verbindungsleitung in Serie miteinander verbunden sind.An embodiment of an antenna arrangement is preferred 1 '(Fig. 5), in which the capacitor 8 by a sheet metal strip 20 approximately formed by the width of the section 3f that is about the gap between the free end at 6 and section 3c with sufficient overlap of the two adjacent sections 3c and 3f is placed and with an intermediate layer of dielectric material (plastic film 22, see Fig. 5a) connected to these parts at a defined distance is. Two capacitors are formed in this way, which have a relatively wide and short and therefore low induction Connection line connected in series are.

Variable bei der optimalen Dimensionierung der Antenne sind insbesondere der Kapazitätwert des Kondensators 8 und die Anschlussstelle 7. Beispielsweise mag es nützlich sein, den Kondensator an einer Stelle des Abschnitts 3c anzuschließen, für die der Wert d der Figur 2 etwas größer ist als die Länge 1/3, weil bei einer solchen Vergrößerung des Abstands von der Masseplatte sich die bei der höheren Resonanzfrequenz am Kondensator wirksame Spannung (deswegen, weil sich der Punkt d = 1/3 im Maximum der Kurve 11 befindet) nur wenig ändert, wohingegen sich die entsprechende Spannung der Kurve 10 (niedrigerer Frequenzbereich) stärker ändert, so dass auf diese Weise der Einfluss des Kondensators auf die niedrigere Resonanzfrequenz noch etwas verringert werden kann.Variables in the optimal dimensioning of the antenna are in particular the capacitance value of the capacitor 8 and the Junction 7. For example, it may be useful to use the To connect the capacitor at a point in section 3c, for which the value d of Figure 2 is slightly larger than the length 1/3 because with such an increase in the distance of the ground plate at the higher resonance frequency Capacitor effective voltage (because of the point d = 1/3 in the maximum of curve 11) changes only slightly, whereas the corresponding voltage of curve 10 (lower frequency range) changes more so that on this way the influence of the capacitor on the lower one Resonance frequency can be reduced somewhat.

Figur 5 zeigt in einer einfachen Darstellung ein teilweise aufgebrochen Handfunkgerät 15, nämlich ein mobiles Funktelefon, das als Antenne die oben beschriebene Antennenanordnung 1' enthält. Bei dieser Antenne ist der Kondensator durch einen über die Teile 3c und 3f unter Zwischenlage einer Isolierschicht gelegten Blechstreifens 20 als Serienschaltung von zwei Kapazitäten verwirklicht. Die Kurzschlussplatte 3a ist zum oberen Ende des Gehäuses des Funktelefons hin angeordnet. Das Handfunkgerät ist im Beispiel für die Bereiche GSM 900 und GSM 1800 ausgelegt. Die Antennenanordnung ist völlig im Inneren des Gehäuses des Funktelefons untergebracht, es handelt sich somit um eine integrierte Antenne.Figure 5 shows a partial representation in a simple representation broken open handheld radio 15, namely a mobile radio telephone, the antenna arrangement as described above 1 'contains. With this antenna, the capacitor is through a over parts 3c and 3f with the interposition of an insulating layer laid sheet metal strip 20 as a series connection realized by two capacities. The short circuit plate 3a is located towards the upper end of the radio telephone housing. The handheld radio is in the example for the areas GSM 900 and GSM 1800 designed. The antenna arrangement is completely housed inside the housing of the radio telephone, it is therefore an integrated antenna.

Bei einem speziellen Ausführungsbeispiel der Antennenanordnung nach Fig. 1 für ein Funktelefon für die Bereiche GSM 900 und GSM 1800 nimmt der Strahler einen Raum von etwa 5 cm x 4 cm x 0,5 cm (letzteres ist die Länge der Kurzschlussplatte) ein.In a special embodiment of the antenna arrangement 1 for a radio telephone for the areas of GSM 900 and GSM 1800, the spotlight takes up a space of around 5 cm x 4 cm x 0.5 cm (the latter is the length of the short circuit plate) on.

Aus der Betrachtung der Fig. 1 ist verständlich, dass bei Beibehaltung der Strahlerlänge und der Längenunterteilung 1/3 zu 2/3 durch den Anschlusspunkt 7 des Kondensators und der engen Nachbarschaft des Bereichs 6 und des Punkts 7 die Strahlerabschnitte in ihrer Form erheblich geändert werden können, ohne das Erfindungsprinzip zu verlassen.From the consideration of Fig. 1 it is understandable that at Maintaining the lamp length and the length division 1/3 to 2/3 through the connection point 7 of the capacitor and the close proximity of area 6 and point 7 The shape of the radiator sections can be changed considerably can without leaving the principle of invention.

Kurze Zuleitungen zum Kondensator 8, wie beschrieben, bedeuten wenig Platzverbrauch und relativ geringe Verluste. Der geringe Platzverbrauch ermöglicht eine Dimensionierung für eine möglichst große Bandbreite.Short supply lines to the capacitor 8, as described, mean little space consumption and relatively low losses. The low space consumption allows dimensioning for the widest possible range.

Hervorzuheben ist auch, dass die Speisung der Antennenanordnung für beide Frequenzbänder am selben Schaltungspunkt, nämlich am Verbindungspunkt der Speiseleitung 5 mit dem Strahler 3, erfolgt.It should also be emphasized that the antenna array is powered for both frequency bands at the same switching point, namely at the connection point of the feed line 5 with the Spotlight 3, is done.

Wollte man bei der Anordnung nach Fig. 1 die höhere Resonanzfrequenz dadurch senken, dass dort der Kondensator 8 weggelassen wird und ein Kondensator zwischen dem freien Ende des Strahlers 3 und Masse eingeschaltet wird, so würde dies auch eine beträchtliche Reduzierung der unteren Resonanzfrequenz zur Folge haben, und an dem Frequenzverhältnis 3:1 zwischen der höheren und der niedrigeren Resonanzfrequenz würde sich wenig ändern, so dass eine solche Schaltung nicht brauchbar wäre.If one wanted the higher resonance frequency in the arrangement according to FIG. 1 by lowering the capacitor 8 is omitted and a capacitor between the free end of the radiator 3 and ground is switched on, so would this also significantly reduces the lower resonance frequency and the frequency ratio 3: 1 between the higher and the lower resonance frequency little would change, so such a circuit would not be useful.

Claims (11)

Flachantennenanordnung (Plattenantennenanordnung, Patchantennenanordnung) mit einer Masseplatte (2) und einem Strahler (3), der in einem Abstand im wesentlichen parallel zur Masseplatte (2) angeordnet ist und mit einem seiner Endbereiche mit dieser leitend verbunden ist, wobei bei einer ersten (niedrigeren) Resonanzfrequenz der Antennenanordnung (1) an der Verbindung des Strahlers mit der Masseplatte (2) ein Spannungsminimum vorhanden ist und im Bereich des anderen Endes (freies Ende) des Strahlers ein erstes Spannungsmaximum vorhanden ist,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei einer weiteren, höheren Resonanzfrequenz an den genannten Enden des Strahlers (3) ein Spannungsminimum beziehungsweise ein zweites Spannungsmaximum vorhanden ist, und dass der Bereich des freien Endes (6) des Strahlers mit einer anderen Stelle (7) des Strahlers derart kapazitiv gekoppelt ist, dass die weitere Resonanzfrequenz gegenüber dem dreifachen Wert der ersten Resonanzfrequenz bei Vorhandensein der genannten kapazitiven Kopplung verringert ist.Flat antenna arrangement (plate antenna arrangement, patch antenna arrangement) with a ground plate (2) and a radiator (3), which is arranged at a distance substantially parallel to the ground plate (2) and is conductively connected to one of its end regions, with a first (lower ) Resonance frequency of the antenna arrangement (1) at the connection of the radiator to the ground plate (2) there is a voltage minimum and in the area of the other end (free end) of the radiator there is a first voltage maximum,
characterized in that, at a further, higher resonance frequency, a voltage minimum or a second voltage maximum is present at said ends of the radiator (3), and in that the region of the free end (6) of the radiator with another location (7) of the radiator in this way is capacitively coupled that the further resonance frequency is reduced compared to three times the value of the first resonance frequency in the presence of the capacitive coupling mentioned. Antennenanordnung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kapazitätswert und die Anschlussstelle der kapazitiven Kopplung derart gewählt sind, dass die zweite Resonanzfrequenz mindestens in grober Näherung dem doppelten der ersten Resonanzfrequenz entspricht.Antenna arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the capacitance value and the connection point of the capacitive coupling are selected such that the second resonance frequency corresponds at least roughly to twice the first resonance frequency. Antennenanordnung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kapazitätswert und die weitere Stelle derart gewählt sind, dass die erste Resonanzfrequenz weniger stark verringert wird als die zweite Resonanzfrequenz. Antenna arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the capacitance value and the further position are selected such that the first resonance frequency is reduced less than the second resonance frequency. Antennenanordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannte andere Stelle des Strahlers (3), mit der die kapazitive Kopplung erfolgt, in der Nähe des ersten Spannungsmaximums auf dem Strahler bei der zweiten Resonanzfrequenz liegt.Antenna arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the said other point of the radiator (3) with which the capacitive coupling takes place is in the vicinity of the first voltage maximum on the radiator at the second resonance frequency. Antennenanordnung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannte andere Stelle etwa bei 1/3 der abgewickelten Länge des Strahlers (3), gemessen ab der Verbindung mit der Masseplatte (2), liegt.Antenna arrangement according to claim 4, characterized in that said other point is approximately 1/3 of the developed length of the radiator (3), measured from the connection to the ground plate (2). Antennenanordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Strahler (3) mindestens teilweise angenähert die Form eines C aufweist, unter Einschluss einer etwa C-förmigen Gestalt mit einer nicht-runden, eckigen Form.Antenna arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the radiator (3) at least partially approximates the shape of a C, including an approximately C-shaped shape with a non-round, angular shape. Antennenanordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Gestalt des Strahlers derart gewählt ist, dass das freie Ende einer Stelle des Strahlers, die dem gewünschten anderen Anschluss der Kapazität entspricht, benachbart ist.Antenna arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shape of the radiator is selected such that the free end of a location of the radiator, which corresponds to the desired other connection of the capacitance, is adjacent. Antennenanordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die kapazitive Kopplung durch einen Metallstreifen (20, Fig. 5) gebildet ist, der unter Zwischenlage von dielektrischem Material einen Teil der Länge des freien Endbereichs und einen Teil des Strahlers an der anderen für die kapazitive Kopplung vorgesehenen Stelle überdeckt, derart, dass die kapazitive Kopplung durch eine Serienschaltung zweier Kondensatoren gebildet ist.Antenna arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the capacitive coupling is formed by a metal strip (20, Fig. 5) which, with the interposition of dielectric material, part of the length of the free end region and part of the radiator at the other for the Capacitive coupling provided point covered, such that the capacitive coupling is formed by a series connection of two capacitors. Antennenanordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Speisung (Speiseleitung 5) der Antennenanordnung für mehrere Frequenzbänder an dem selben Anschluss am Strahler (3) vorgesehen ist.Antenna arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a feed (feed line 5) of the antenna arrangement for several frequency bands is provided at the same connection on the radiator (3). Handfunkgerät (15), unter Einschluss von Transceivern, für mindestens einen der Zwecke: Sprachübertragung, Datenübertragung, Bildübertragung, mit einer Antenne, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Antenne durch die Antennenanordnung (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche gebildet ist.Handheld radio (15), including transceivers, for at least one of the purposes: voice transmission, data transmission, image transmission, with an antenna, characterized in that the antenna is formed by the antenna arrangement (1) according to one of the preceding claims. Verwendung einer Antennenanordnung oder Ausgestaltung eines Handfunkgeräts nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass lediglich die zweite (höhere) Resonanzfrequenz der Antennenanordnung bei Betrieb benutzt wird.Use of an antenna arrangement or configuration of a handheld radio according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that only the second (higher) resonance frequency of the antenna arrangement is used during operation.
EP01440125A 2000-05-08 2001-05-04 Integrated antenna for mobile telephones Expired - Lifetime EP1154518B1 (en)

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WO2011101714A1 (en) * 2010-02-19 2011-08-25 Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications Ab Terminals and antenna systems with a primary radiator line capacitively excited by a secondary radiator line
US8456366B2 (en) 2010-04-26 2013-06-04 Sony Corporation Communications structures including antennas with separate antenna branches coupled to feed and ground conductors
US8108021B2 (en) 2010-05-27 2012-01-31 Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications Ab Communications structures including antennas with filters between antenna elements and ground sheets
FR3026895A1 (en) * 2014-10-06 2016-04-08 Renault Sa FLAT ANTENNA WITH RADIANT ELEMENT IN SPIRAL

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DE10022107A1 (en) 2001-11-15
HUP0101658A3 (en) 2002-09-30
ATE320088T1 (en) 2006-03-15
US6473044B2 (en) 2002-10-29
US20020005809A1 (en) 2002-01-17
DE50109152D1 (en) 2006-05-04
EP1154518B1 (en) 2006-03-08
JP2002009539A (en) 2002-01-11
EP1154518A3 (en) 2002-08-28
AU4205101A (en) 2001-11-15
HUP0101658A2 (en) 2002-01-28
HU0101658D0 (en) 2001-06-28
JP4823433B2 (en) 2011-11-24

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