EP1150847B1 - Method for making a writing or colouring pencil by triple extrusion and writing or colouring pencil comprising an intermediate protective layer - Google Patents

Method for making a writing or colouring pencil by triple extrusion and writing or colouring pencil comprising an intermediate protective layer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1150847B1
EP1150847B1 EP00985357A EP00985357A EP1150847B1 EP 1150847 B1 EP1150847 B1 EP 1150847B1 EP 00985357 A EP00985357 A EP 00985357A EP 00985357 A EP00985357 A EP 00985357A EP 1150847 B1 EP1150847 B1 EP 1150847B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
protective layer
pencil
thermoplastic
thermoplastic material
lead
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP00985357A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1150847A1 (en
Inventor
Ludovic Chochoy
Hélène BAILLIEU
Jacques Bachelet
Lucien Foscarin
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Conte SA
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Conte SA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B43—WRITING OR DRAWING IMPLEMENTS; BUREAU ACCESSORIES
    • B43K—IMPLEMENTS FOR WRITING OR DRAWING
    • B43K19/00—Non-propelling pencils; Styles; Crayons; Chalks
    • B43K19/16—Making non-propelling pencils
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2973—Particular cross section
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31855—Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
    • Y10T428/31909—Next to second addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
    • Y10T428/31924—Including polyene monomers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31855—Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
    • Y10T428/31909—Next to second addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
    • Y10T428/31928—Ester, halide or nitrile of addition polymer

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for the continuous manufacture of a writing or coloring pencil, by simultaneous extrusion of thermoplastic materials constituting successively on the one hand the mine and on the other hand the material that surrounds the mine, called wood material in the remainder of this text by analogy with the composition of traditional pencils, in which this material is wood. It relates more particularly to a process by tri-extrusion of thermoplastics according to which an intermediate protective layer is coextruded between the mine and the wood material. It also relates to a writing or coloring pencil, obtainable by the method of the invention.
  • thermoplastic materials constituting the lead material, an intermediate protective layer and the wood material are already known from document EP.0.505.262.
  • the intermediate protective layer is in an unexpanded thermoplastic material, compatible with the mine material and the wood material and having a melting temperature which is equal to or greater than both the melting temperature of the material mine and to that of the wood material.
  • This particular selection of the thermoplastic material constituting the intermediate protective layer is intended to avoid defects due to the presence of bubbles on the outer periphery of the mine material, which have been observed during the manufacture of rods by extrusion using an expansion agent in the wood material. Because of its melting temperature, the thermoplastic material constituting the protective layer is less fluid than the mine and wood materials. As a result, it does not deform under the effect of the bubbles released on the surface of the wood material and constitutes a protective barrier for the mine material.
  • the problem that the present invention seeks to solve is of another order. It also relates to the continuous manufacture by co-extrusion of a pencil to write or color from thermoplastic materials. It has indeed been noted the presence of another type of defect, namely cracking of the mine, resulting in frequent breaks especially when the size of the pencil.
  • the goal set by the applicant is to propose a manufacturing process that overcomes the aforementioned drawback, avoiding the occurrence of such cracks.
  • thermoplastic material referred to as a mine material
  • protective intermediate layer in a material thermoplastic material free of blowing agent and a second thermoplastic material containing a blowing agent, referred to as wood material, and cooling said coextruded thermoplastics.
  • thermoplastic material constituting the protective layer is determined so as to remain deformable during removal of the mine material, during cooling.
  • thermoplastic material constituting the protective layer is chosen so that its solidification point is less than the solidification point of the thermoplastic material constituting the lead material.
  • the mine material will solidify first with respect to the protective layer, because its solidification point (c that is, the temperature from which the thermoplastic which was in the plastic or molten state begins to solidify) is greater than that of the thermoplastic material constituting the protective layer.
  • solidification point c that is, the temperature from which the thermoplastic which was in the plastic or molten state begins to solidify
  • the removal of the mine material that occurs during the solidification will proceed while the mine material is surrounded by the protective layer which is not yet solidified but which is in a deformable state.
  • This protective layer by its deformability and flexibility, allows the mine material to release its internal stresses and thus retract without cracking appear. The actual solidification of the protective layer occurs later.
  • the distance between the solidification points of the lead material and the protective layer is of the order of 10 to 20 ° C.
  • the additive is preferably an elastomer thermoplastic or an ethyl vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA).
  • this pencil is constituted by the superposition of a core in a first filled thermoplastic material called mine material, a protective layer of a non-foamed thermoplastic material and a layer of a second thermoplastic material expanded called wood material.
  • the thermoplastic material constituting the protective layer has a solidification point which is lower than that of the thermoplastic material constituting the lead material.
  • the protective layer contains an elastomeric thermoplastic or an ethyl-vinyl-acetate (EVA) copolymer.
  • EVA ethyl-vinyl-acetate
  • the protective layer comprises, as thermoplastic material, a styrenic polymer.
  • the protective layer comprises from 70 to 95% of a styrene compound and from 5 to 30% of an elastomeric thermoplastic or of an ethyl-vinyl-acetate copolymer.
  • thermoplastic material constituting the protective layer a material which does not solidify after cooling but which is heat-deformable remains flexible. It may be in particular an elastomeric thermoplastic material.
  • the central core constitutes the mine material 1
  • the intermediate layer constitutes the protective layer 2
  • the outer layer is the wood material 3 of a pencil 4 manufactured continuously.
  • thermoplastic materials are determined so that each corresponding element has the properties that are expected: the entire pen must have a good cut and a density close to that of the traditional wooden pencil. Regarding the mine material, it must include charges for writing and be easily transferable on the writing medium or coloring to have a good hiding power.
  • the corresponding components are for example chosen from those described in document FR.1.588.294.
  • the wood material to obtain the desired density, it contains an expanding agent for example azo-dicarbonamide.
  • the protective layer 2 which is free of foaming agent, it must be compatible with the mine material 1 and the wood material 2 so as to ensure the good behavior of the mine in the pencil .
  • the constituent material of the protective layer is chosen to have a solidification point which is lower, or even significantly lower, than that of the thermoplastic material constituting the mine.
  • the solidification point is also commonly referred to as the softening point. It is the temperature (or temperature zone) from which the material in the plastic or molten state begins to solidify. It is also the temperature (or temperature zone) from which the solid state thermoplastic material begins to soften. It is also called VICAT point.
  • the lead material 1 solidifies more rapidly than the protective layer. It is during this solidification that the phenomenon of shrinkage occurs which develops in the material mine internal stresses, constraints which are a function of the composition of the mine material and its diameter. According to the invention, the solidification of the ore material occurs while the protective layer has not yet begun to solidify, is still in a deformable state (pasty or in any case flexible). As a result, the constituent material of the protective layer will accompany, by deforming, the removal of the mine material, which prevents the subsequent appearance of cracks.
  • the function of the protective layer is to compensate for the difference in shrinkage coefficient between the thermoplastics constituting the material on the one hand and the wood material on the other hand, while realizing the mechanical connection between these two materials, once the full solidification of the pencil has occurred. It is important that there remains a mechanical connection between the mine and the rest of the pen.
  • This layer of protection which in this case preferably has a thickness of at least 0.5 mm, can act as a reinforcement for the mine material, ensuring consolidation of the mine capable of significantly reducing the risk of breakage when using the pencil.
  • the protective layer also fulfill the function assigned to it in document EP.0.505.262, namely to form a barrier for the material which is a material against the scattering of bubbles from the wood material.
  • the thermoplastic material constituting the protective layer which is free of expansion agent and which is compatible with the lead material and the wood material, has a melting temperature which is equal to or greater than both the melting temperature of the mine material and that of the wood material.
  • the composition of the mine 1 material is as follows: polystyrene methacrylate copolymer : 20 - 25% plasticizer 15% carbon black 55% black smoke : 5% zinc stearate 0.5% talc 4.5%
  • the composition of the protective layer 2 is as follows: styrenic polymer 80% Ethyl vinyl acetate EVA copolymer : 20%
  • the composition of the wood material 3 is as follows: polystyrene-methacrylate copolymer 78.5% plasticizer phthalate type : 10% sawdust : 10% pigments (masterbatch) 1.5% Just before extrusion, the wood material is mixed with about 2% of a masterbatch containing azo-dicarbonamide as blowing agent.
  • the protective layer can also be tinted with a masterbatch so that the protective layer 2 has the same color as the wood material 3 or be tinted with another color to make it more visible.
  • the solidification point or Vicat A point (ISO 306), for the various thermoplastic constituents above is: . methacrylate 100 to 110 ° C . polystyrene shock 92 to 95 ° C . ABS 104 to 110 ° C . ethyl-vinyl-acetate copolymer 40 to 44 ° C
  • an elastomeric thermoplastic for example SBS (Styrene Butadiene Styrene) having a Shore hardness of 50 to 70.
  • the wood material 3 is unchanged.
  • composition of the mine 1 material is as follows: . polystyrene methacrylate copolymer : 25% . plasticizer phthalate type 15% . colored pigments : 25% . zinc stearate 0.5% . talc 34.5%
  • the composition of the protective layer 2 is as follows: . styrenic polymer 83% . ethyl vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) 15% . masterbatch pigment : 2%
  • the composition of the protective layer 2 would have been the following: . styrenic polymer 88% . thermoplastic elastomer : 10% . masterbatch pigment : 2%
  • the present invention is not limited to the embodiments which have been described by way of non-exhaustive examples. It is possible to implement other basic components for the lead material and the wood material than the polystyrene methacrylate copolymer. In addition it is possible to give the pencil any type of configuration, without limitation to the hexagonal shape. It can be a circular, triangular, octagonal shape, without this list being exhaustive. It is also possible to use for the protective layer a thermoplastic material which not only is hot deformable (during removal of the mine) but does not solidify and remains flexible after complete cooling of the pencil, for example based on thermoplastic elastomer.

Landscapes

  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne un procédé pour la fabrication en continu d'un crayon à écrire ou à colorier, par extrusion simultanée de matières thermoplastiques constituant successivement d'une part la mine et d'autre part la matière qui entoure la mine, dénommée matière bois dans la suite du présent texte par analogie avec la composition des crayons traditionnels, dans lesquels cette matière est en bois. Elle concerne plus particulièrement un procédé par tri-extrusion de matières thermoplastiques selon lequel une couche intermédiaire de protection est co-extrudée entre la mine et la matière bois. Elle concerne également un crayon à écrire ou à colorier, susceptible d'être obtenu par le procédé de l'invention.The present invention relates to a process for the continuous manufacture of a writing or coloring pencil, by simultaneous extrusion of thermoplastic materials constituting successively on the one hand the mine and on the other hand the material that surrounds the mine, called wood material in the remainder of this text by analogy with the composition of traditional pencils, in which this material is wood. It relates more particularly to a process by tri-extrusion of thermoplastics according to which an intermediate protective layer is coextruded between the mine and the wood material. It also relates to a writing or coloring pencil, obtainable by the method of the invention.

La fabrication en continu d'un crayon à écrire ou à colorier par co-extrusion de matières thermoplastiques constituant la matière mine, une couche intermédiaire de protection et la matière bois est déjà connue par le document EP.0.505.262. Dans ce document la couche intermédiaire de protection est dans une matière thermoplastique non-expansée, compatible avec la matière mine et la matière bois et ayant une température de fusion qui est égale ou supérieure à la fois à la température de fusion de la matière mine et à celle de la matière bois. Cette sélection particulière de la matière thermoplastique constitutive de la couche intermédiaire de protection a pour but d'éviter des défauts dus à la présence de bulles sur la périphérie extérieure de la matière mine, qui ont été constatés lors de la fabrication de crayons par bi-extrusion mettant en oeuvre un agent d'expansion dans la matière bois. Du fait de sa température de fusion, la matière thermoplastique constitutive de la couche de protection est moins fluide que les matières mine et bois. De ce fait elle ne se déforme pas sous l'effet des bulles dégagées en surface de la matière bois et constitue une barrière de protection pour la matière mine.The continuous manufacture of a writing or coloring crayon by coextrusion of thermoplastic materials constituting the lead material, an intermediate protective layer and the wood material is already known from document EP.0.505.262. In this document the intermediate protective layer is in an unexpanded thermoplastic material, compatible with the mine material and the wood material and having a melting temperature which is equal to or greater than both the melting temperature of the material mine and to that of the wood material. This particular selection of the thermoplastic material constituting the intermediate protective layer is intended to avoid defects due to the presence of bubbles on the outer periphery of the mine material, which have been observed during the manufacture of rods by extrusion using an expansion agent in the wood material. Because of its melting temperature, the thermoplastic material constituting the protective layer is less fluid than the mine and wood materials. As a result, it does not deform under the effect of the bubbles released on the surface of the wood material and constitutes a protective barrier for the mine material.

Le problème que cherche à résoudre la présente invention est d'un autre ordre. Il concerne également la fabrication en continu par co-extrusion d'un crayon à écrire ou à colorier à partir de matières thermoplastiques. Il a été en effet constaté la présence d'un autre type de défaut, à savoir des fissurations de la mine, entraînant des casses fréquentes notamment lors de la taille du crayon.The problem that the present invention seeks to solve is of another order. It also relates to the continuous manufacture by co-extrusion of a pencil to write or color from thermoplastic materials. It has indeed been noted the presence of another type of defect, namely cracking of the mine, resulting in frequent breaks especially when the size of the pencil.

Le but que s'est fixé le demandeur est de proposer un procédé de fabrication qui pallie l'inconvénient précité, évitant l'apparition de telles fissurations.The goal set by the applicant is to propose a manufacturing process that overcomes the aforementioned drawback, avoiding the occurrence of such cracks.

Ce but est parfaitement atteint par le procédé de l'invention. Il s'agit d'un procédé de fabrication en continu de crayons à écrire ou à colorier qui consiste à co-extruder une première matière thermoplastique chargée, dénommée matière mine, et autour de celle-ci une couche intermédiaire dite de protection dans une matière thermoplastique exempte d'agent d'expansion et une seconde matière thermoplastique contenant un agent d'expansion, dénommé matière bois, et à refroidir lesdites matières thermoplastiques co-extrudées.This object is perfectly achieved by the method of the invention. It is a continuous manufacturing process for writing or coloring crayons which consists in co-extruding a first filled thermoplastic material, referred to as a mine material, and around it an so-called protective intermediate layer in a material thermoplastic material free of blowing agent and a second thermoplastic material containing a blowing agent, referred to as wood material, and cooling said coextruded thermoplastics.

De manière caractéristique selon l'invention, la matière thermoplastique constitutive de la couche de protection est déterminée en sorte de rester déformable pendant le retrait de la matière mine, lors du refroidissement.Characteristically according to the invention, the thermoplastic material constituting the protective layer is determined so as to remain deformable during removal of the mine material, during cooling.

Des constatations qu'a pu faire le demandeur, il est ressorti que les fissurations apparaissent principalement lorsqu'ont été mises en oeuvre pour la matière mine des matières thermoplastiques à fort coefficient de dilatation engendrant, lors du refroidissement, des retraits importants longitudinaux et transversaux. Il s'agit en particulier des matières mines mises en oeuvre dans la fabrication de crayons à mine tendre.From the observations made by the applicant, it was found that the cracks appear mainly when high-strength thermoplastics have been used for the material, resulting in considerable longitudinal and transverse shrinkage during cooling. These are in particular the mining materials used in the manufacture of soft lead pencils.

De préférence, la matière thermoplastique constitutive de la couche de protection est choisie pour que son point de solidification soit inférieur au point de solidification de la matière thermoplastique constitutive de la matière mine.Preferably, the thermoplastic material constituting the protective layer is chosen so that its solidification point is less than the solidification point of the thermoplastic material constituting the lead material.

Ainsi, lors du refroidissement des matières extrudées, éventuellement d'ailleurs après les coupes transversales de celles-ci donnant lieu aux crayons unitaires, la matière mine va se solidifier en premier par rapport à la couche de protection, car son point de solidification (c'est-à-dire la température à partir de laquelle la matière thermoplastique qui était à l'état plastique ou fondu commence à se solidifier) est supérieur à celui de la matière thermoplastique constitutive de la couche de protection. Le retrait de la matière mine qui intervient lors de la solidification va se dérouler alors que la matière mine se trouve entourée par la couche de protection qui n'est pas encore solidifiée mais qui se trouve dans un état déformable. Cette couche de protection, par sa déformabilité et sa souplesse, permet à la matière mine de se libérer de ses contraintes internes et donc de se rétracter sans qu'apparaissent des fissurations. La solidification proprement dite de la couche de protection intervient ultérieurement.Thus, during the cooling of the extruded materials, possibly after the cross sections thereof giving rise to the unitary rods, the mine material will solidify first with respect to the protective layer, because its solidification point (c that is, the temperature from which the thermoplastic which was in the plastic or molten state begins to solidify) is greater than that of the thermoplastic material constituting the protective layer. The removal of the mine material that occurs during the solidification will proceed while the mine material is surrounded by the protective layer which is not yet solidified but which is in a deformable state. This protective layer, by its deformability and flexibility, allows the mine material to release its internal stresses and thus retract without cracking appear. The actual solidification of the protective layer occurs later.

De préférence l'écart entre les points de solidification de la matière mine et de la couche de protection est de l'ordre de 10 à 20°C.Preferably the distance between the solidification points of the lead material and the protective layer is of the order of 10 to 20 ° C.

De préférence pour abaisser le point de solidification de la couche de protection, on met en oeuvre comme additif soit un thermoplastique élastomère soit un copolymère éthyl-vinyl-acétate (EVA).In order to lower the solidification point of the protective layer, the additive is preferably an elastomer thermoplastic or an ethyl vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA).

C'est un autre objet de l'invention que de revendiquer un crayon à écrire ou à colorier, qui est susceptible d'être obtenu par le procédé de fabrication précité.It is another object of the invention to claim a writing or coloring pencil, which is obtainable by the aforementioned manufacturing method.

De manière connue, ce crayon est constitué par la superposition d'une âme en une première matière thermoplastique chargée dénommée matière mine, d'une couche de protection d'une matière thermoplastique non-expansée et d'une couche d'une deuxième matière thermoplastique expansée dénommée matière bois. De manière caractéristique, la matière thermoplastique constitutive de la couche de protection a un point de solidification qui est inférieur à celui de la matière thermoplastique constitutive de la matière mine.In known manner, this pencil is constituted by the superposition of a core in a first filled thermoplastic material called mine material, a protective layer of a non-foamed thermoplastic material and a layer of a second thermoplastic material expanded called wood material. Typically, the thermoplastic material constituting the protective layer has a solidification point which is lower than that of the thermoplastic material constituting the lead material.

Avantageusement la couche de protection contient un thermoplastique élastomère ou un copolymère éthyl-vinyl-acétate (EVA).Advantageously, the protective layer contains an elastomeric thermoplastic or an ethyl-vinyl-acetate (EVA) copolymer.

De préférence la couche de protection comporte, comme matière thermoplastique, un polymère styrénique. Par exemple la couche de protection comporte de 70 à 95% d'un composé styrénique et de 5 à 30% d'un thermoplastique élastomère ou d'un copolymère éthyl-vinyl-acétate.Preferably, the protective layer comprises, as thermoplastic material, a styrenic polymer. For example, the protective layer comprises from 70 to 95% of a styrene compound and from 5 to 30% of an elastomeric thermoplastic or of an ethyl-vinyl-acetate copolymer.

Il est également possible de mettre en oeuvre, comme matière thermoplastique constitutive de la couche de protection ,une matière qui ne se solidifie pas après le refroidissement mais qui étant déformable à chaud reste souple. Il peut s'agir notamment d'une matière thermoplastique élastomère.It is also possible to use, as the thermoplastic material constituting the protective layer, a material which does not solidify after cooling but which is heat-deformable remains flexible. It may be in particular an elastomeric thermoplastic material.

La présente invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va être faite d'une version du procédé de fabrication d'un crayon à écrire ou à colorier par tri-extrusion de matières thermoplastiques et du crayon à trois couches successives ainsi obtenu, illustré par le dessin annexé dans lequel:

  • La figure 1 est une représentation sous forme d'un diagramme des étapes de la tri-extrusion, et
  • La figure 2 est une vue en perspective du crayon à couche de protection souple selon l'invention.
The present invention will be better understood on reading the description which will be made of a version of the method of manufacturing a pen to write or coloring by tri-extrusion of thermoplastic materials and pencil with three successive layers thus obtained, illustrated by the accompanying drawing in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a representation in the form of a diagram of the stages of the tri-extrusion, and
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the flexible protective layer pencil according to the invention.

Les techniques de poly-extrusion sont bien connues de l'homme du métier. Les matériels mis en oeuvre sont par exemple du type de celui décrit dans le document FR.2.099.248 pour la bi-extrusion, appliquée à la fabrication en continu de crayons à écrire. De ce fait, on s'est contenté de schématiser sur la figure 1 une tri-extrusion de trois couches de matières thermoplastiques respectivement une âme centrale, une couche intermédiaire et une couche extérieure.Poly-extrusion techniques are well known to those skilled in the art. The materials used are for example of the type described in document FR.2.099.248 for bi-extrusion, applied to the continuous manufacture of writing pencils. Therefore, it is simple to schematize in Figure 1 a tri-extrusion of three layers of thermoplastics respectively a central core, an intermediate layer and an outer layer.

Dans le cadre de la présente invention, l'âme centrale constitue la matière mine 1, la couche intermédiaire constitue la couche de protection 2 et la couche extérieure constitue la matière bois 3 d'un crayon 4 fabriqué en continu.In the context of the present invention, the central core constitutes the mine material 1, the intermediate layer constitutes the protective layer 2 and the outer layer is the wood material 3 of a pencil 4 manufactured continuously.

La composition des matières thermoplastiques est déterminée pour que chaque élément correspondant ait les propriétés que l'on attend : l'ensemble du crayon doit avoir une bonne taillabilité et une densité proche de celle du crayon traditionnel en bois. S'agissant de la matière mine, celle-ci doit comporter des charges pour l'écriture et être facilement transférable sur le support d'écriture ou de coloriage pour avoir un bon pouvoir couvrant. Les composants correspondants sont par exemple choisis parmi ceux décrits dans le document FR.1.588.294.The composition of the thermoplastic materials is determined so that each corresponding element has the properties that are expected: the entire pen must have a good cut and a density close to that of the traditional wooden pencil. Regarding the mine material, it must include charges for writing and be easily transferable on the writing medium or coloring to have a good hiding power. The corresponding components are for example chosen from those described in document FR.1.588.294.

S'agissant de la matière bois, pour obtenir la densité recherchée, celle-ci contient un agent expansant par exemple l'azo-dicarbonamide. S'agissant de la couche de protection 2, qui est exempte d'agent expansant, elle doit être compatible avec d'une part la matière mine 1 et la matière bois 2 en sorte d'assurer la bonne tenue de la mine dans le crayon. La matière constitutive de la couche de protection est choisie pour avoir un point de solidification qui est inférieur, voire nettement inférieur, à celui de la matière thermoplastique constitutive de la mine.Regarding the wood material, to obtain the desired density, it contains an expanding agent for example azo-dicarbonamide. Regarding the protective layer 2, which is free of foaming agent, it must be compatible with the mine material 1 and the wood material 2 so as to ensure the good behavior of the mine in the pencil . The constituent material of the protective layer is chosen to have a solidification point which is lower, or even significantly lower, than that of the thermoplastic material constituting the mine.

Le point de solidification est aussi couramment dénommé point de ramollissement. C'est la température (ou la zone de température) à partir de laquelle la matière à l'état plastique ou fondu commence à se solidifier. C'est aussi la température (ou la zone de température) à partir de laquelle la matière thermoplastique à l'état solide commence à se ramollir. Elle est aussi appelée point VICAT.The solidification point is also commonly referred to as the softening point. It is the temperature (or temperature zone) from which the material in the plastic or molten state begins to solidify. It is also the temperature (or temperature zone) from which the solid state thermoplastic material begins to soften. It is also called VICAT point.

Lors du refroidissement du crayon 4, constitué par les trois couches co-extrudées 1, 2,3, la matière mine 1 se solidifie plus rapidement que la couche de protection. C'est lors de cette solidification qu'intervient le phénomène de retrait qui développe dans la matière mine des contraintes internes , contraintes qui sont fonction de la composition de la matière mine et de son diamètre. Conformément à l'invention, la solidification de la matière mine intervient alors que la couche de protection n'ayant pas encore commencé à se solidifier, est encore dans un état déformable (pâteux ou en tout état de cause souple). De ce fait la matière constitutive de la couche de protection va accompagner, en se déformant, le retrait de la matière mine, ce qui évite l'apparition ultérieure des fissurations.During the cooling of the pencil 4, consisting of the three coextruded layers 1, 2, 3, the lead material 1 solidifies more rapidly than the protective layer. It is during this solidification that the phenomenon of shrinkage occurs which develops in the material mine internal stresses, constraints which are a function of the composition of the mine material and its diameter. According to the invention, the solidification of the ore material occurs while the protective layer has not yet begun to solidify, is still in a deformable state (pasty or in any case flexible). As a result, the constituent material of the protective layer will accompany, by deforming, the removal of the mine material, which prevents the subsequent appearance of cracks.

C'est lors de la fabrication de crayons à écrire ou à colorier à mine douce que l'on remarque le plus l'apparition de telles fissurations dans la mine. Selon les constatations du demandeur, les mines douces ont un coefficient de dilatation plus élevé, ce qui entraîne un phénomène de retrait plus important. Selon le concept de la présente invention, la couche de protection a pour fonction de compenser la différence de coefficient de retrait entre les matières thermoplastiques constitutives de la matière mine d'une part et de la matière bois d'autre part, tout en réalisant la liaison mécanique entre ces deux matières, une fois que la solidification intégrale du crayon est intervenue. Il importe en effet que subsiste une liaison mécanique entre la mine et le reste du crayon.It is during the manufacture of crayons or coloring soft mine that we notice the most the appearance of such cracks in the mine. According to the plaintiff's findings, soft mines have a higher coefficient of expansion resulting in a greater shrinkage. According to the concept of the present invention, the function of the protective layer is to compensate for the difference in shrinkage coefficient between the thermoplastics constituting the material on the one hand and the wood material on the other hand, while realizing the mechanical connection between these two materials, once the full solidification of the pencil has occurred. It is important that there remains a mechanical connection between the mine and the rest of the pen.

Plus la structure de la mine est douce, plus ses performances mécaniques diminuent, en particulier la rupture à la flexion. Pour compenser ces pertes de performances mécaniques, on augmente le diamètre de la mine dans le crayon, ce qui corrélativement accroît le phénomène de retrait et l'importance de la mise en oeuvre de la couche de protection conformément à l'invention. Cette couche de protection qui dans ce cas de préférence a une épaisseur au moins égale à 0,5mm, peut faire office de renfort pour la matière mine, assurant une consolidation de la mine apte à diminuer sensiblement les risques de casses lors de l'utilisation du crayon.The softer the structure of the mine, the lower its mechanical performance, in particular the bending fracture. To compensate for these mechanical performance losses, the diameter of the mine in the pencil is increased, which correlatively increases the shrinkage phenomenon and the importance of the implementation of the protective layer in accordance with the invention. This layer of protection which in this case preferably has a thickness of at least 0.5 mm, can act as a reinforcement for the mine material, ensuring consolidation of the mine capable of significantly reducing the risk of breakage when using the pencil.

Bien sûr dans le cas d'une matière bois avec agent expansant, il est souhaitable que la couche de protection remplisse également la fonction qui lui était impartie dans le document EP.0.505.262 à savoir de former une barrière pour la matière mine contre la diffusion des bulles provenant de la matière bois. Dans ce cas, la matière thermoplastique constitutive de la couche de protection, qui est exempte d'agent d'expansion et qui est compatible avec la matière mine et la matière bois, a une température de fusion qui est égale ou supérieure à la fois à la température de fusion de la matière mine et à celle de la matière bois.Of course, in the case of a wood material with an expanding agent, it is desirable that the protective layer also fulfill the function assigned to it in document EP.0.505.262, namely to form a barrier for the material which is a material against the scattering of bubbles from the wood material. In this case, the thermoplastic material constituting the protective layer, which is free of expansion agent and which is compatible with the lead material and the wood material, has a melting temperature which is equal to or greater than both the melting temperature of the mine material and that of the wood material.

Exemple 1 :Example 1

Il s'agit d'un crayon 4 à mine douce en graphite. La composition de la matière mine 1 est la suivante: copolymère polystyrène méthacrylate : 20 - 25 % plastifiant : 15 % noir de carbone : 55 % noir de fumée : 5 % stéarate de zinc : 0,5 % talc : 4,5 % La composition de la couche de protection 2 est la suivante : polymère styrénique : 80 % copolymère éthyle vinyle acétate EVA : 20 % La composition de la matière bois 3 est la suivante : copolymère polystyrène-méthacrylate : 78,5 % plastifiant du type phtalate : 10 % sciures de bois : 10 % pigments (mélange maître) : 1,5 % Juste avant l'extrusion, on mélange à la matière bois de l'ordre de 2 % d'un mélange maître contenant de l'azo-dicarbonamide comme agent d'expansion.This is a pencil 4 soft graphite lead. The composition of the mine 1 material is as follows: polystyrene methacrylate copolymer : 20 - 25% plasticizer 15% carbon black 55% black smoke : 5% zinc stearate 0.5% talc 4.5% The composition of the protective layer 2 is as follows: styrenic polymer 80% Ethyl vinyl acetate EVA copolymer : 20% The composition of the wood material 3 is as follows: polystyrene-methacrylate copolymer 78.5% plasticizer phthalate type : 10% sawdust : 10% pigments (masterbatch) 1.5% Just before extrusion, the wood material is mixed with about 2% of a masterbatch containing azo-dicarbonamide as blowing agent.

La couche de protection peut être également teintée avec un mélange maître de façon à ce que la couche de protection 2 ait la même couleur que la matière bois 3 ou être teintée d'une autre couleur pour la rendre plus visible.The protective layer can also be tinted with a masterbatch so that the protective layer 2 has the same color as the wood material 3 or be tinted with another color to make it more visible.

Le point de solidification ou point Vicat A (ISO 306), pour les différents constituants thermoplastiques ci-dessus est de : . méthacrylate : 100 à 110°C . polystyrène choc : 92 à 95°C . ABS : 104 à 110°C . copolymère éthyle-vinyle-acétate : 40 à 44°C The solidification point or Vicat A point (ISO 306), for the various thermoplastic constituents above is: . methacrylate 100 to 110 ° C . polystyrene shock 92 to 95 ° C . ABS 104 to 110 ° C . ethyl-vinyl-acetate copolymer 40 to 44 ° C

La présence de copolymère éthyle-vinyle-acétate, même en faible proportions, permet d'abaisser le point de solidification de la couche de protection comparativement à la matière mine et la matière bois.The presence of ethyl-vinyl-acetate copolymer, even in small proportions, makes it possible to lower the solidification point of the protective layer compared with the lead material and the wood material.

Le même effet pourrait être obtenu en mettant en oeuvre à la place du copolymère éthyl-vinyl-acétate un thermoplastique élastomère, par exemple type SBS (Styrène Butadiène Styrène) de dureté Shore 50 à 70.The same effect could be obtained by using, in place of the ethyl-vinyl-acetate copolymer, an elastomeric thermoplastic, for example SBS (Styrene Butadiene Styrene) having a Shore hardness of 50 to 70.

Après tri-extrusion et passage en continu dans un conformateur 5, on obtient un crayon 4 de configuration hexagonale qui, une fois taillé (figure 2), laisse apparaître entre la matière mine et la matière bois 3 la couche de protection 2 qui dans le cas d'espèce avait une épaisseur de 0.3 mm pour un crayon 4 d'environ 7 mm entre plat et une mine d'environ 2 mm de diamètre.After tri-extrusion and continuous passage in a shaper 5, we obtain a pencil 4 hexagonal configuration which, once cut (Figure 2), reveals between the material mine and the wood material 3 the protective layer 2 which in the This case had a thickness of 0.3 mm for a pencil 4 of about 7 mm between plate and a mine about 2 mm in diameter.

Exemple 2 :Example 2

Il s'agit d'un crayon 4 à mine douce de couleur.This is a pencil 4 soft-colored lead.

La matière bois 3 est inchangée.The wood material 3 is unchanged.

La composition de la matière mine 1 est la suivante : . copolymère polystyrène méthacrylate : 25 % . plastifiant du type phtalate : 15 % . pigments colorés : 25 % . stéarate de zinc : 0,5 % . talc : 34,5% The composition of the mine 1 material is as follows: . polystyrene methacrylate copolymer : 25% . plasticizer phthalate type 15% . colored pigments : 25% . zinc stearate 0.5% . talc 34.5%

La composition de la couche de protection 2 est la suivante : . polymère styrénique : 83 % . copolymère éthyle vinyle acétate (EVA) : 15 % . mélange maître pigment : 2 % The composition of the protective layer 2 is as follows: . styrenic polymer 83% . ethyl vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) 15% . masterbatch pigment : 2%

Dans le cas de l'utilisation d'un thermoplastique élastomère , du type SBS, la composition de la couche de protection 2 aurait été la suivante : . polymère styrénique : 88 % . thermoplastique élastomère : 10% . mélange maître pigment : 2 % In the case of the use of an elastomeric thermoplastic, of the SBS type, the composition of the protective layer 2 would have been the following: . styrenic polymer 88% . thermoplastic elastomer : 10% . masterbatch pigment : 2%

La présente invention n'est pas limitée aux modes de réalisation qui ont été décrits à titre d'exemples non exhaustifs. Il est possible de mettre en oeuvre d'autres composants de base pour la matière mine et la matière bois que le copolymère polystyrène méthacrylate. De plus il est possible de donner au crayon tout type de configuration, sans limitation à la forme hexagonale. Il peut s'agir d'une forme circulaire, triangulaire, octogonale, sans que cette liste soit exhaustive. Il est aussi possible d'utiliser pour la couche de protection une matière thermoplastique qui non seulement est déformable à chaud (lors du retrait de la mine) mais qui ne se solidifie pas et reste souple après refroidissement complet du crayon, par exemple à base de thermoplastique élastomère.The present invention is not limited to the embodiments which have been described by way of non-exhaustive examples. It is possible to implement other basic components for the lead material and the wood material than the polystyrene methacrylate copolymer. In addition it is possible to give the pencil any type of configuration, without limitation to the hexagonal shape. It can be a circular, triangular, octagonal shape, without this list being exhaustive. It is also possible to use for the protective layer a thermoplastic material which not only is hot deformable (during removal of the mine) but does not solidify and remains flexible after complete cooling of the pencil, for example based on thermoplastic elastomer.

Claims (10)

  1. A method of continuously manufacturing pencils or crayons by simultaneous coextrusion, the method consisting in coextruding a filled first thermoplastic material referred to as "lead" material, and around it both an intermediate "protective" layer of a thermoplastic material having no expanding agent, and a second thermoplastic material containing an expanding agent and referred to as "wood" material, and in cooling said coextruded thermoplastic materials, the method being characterised in that the solidification point of the thermoplastic material constituting the protective layer is lower than the solidification point of the thermoplastic material constituting the lead material so that during cooling the protective layer remains deformable while the lead material shrinks.
  2. A method according to claim 1 for manufacturing soft lead pencils.
  3. A method according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterised in that the difference between the solidification points of the lead material and of the protective layer is about 10°C to 20°C.
  4. A method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that to lower the solidification point of the protective layer, an additive is used constituted either by a thermoplastic elastomer or by an ethylenevinyl-acetate copolymer (EVA).
  5. A pencil obtained by simultaneous coextrusion, the pencil being constituted by superposing a core made of a filled first thermoplastic material referred to as "lead" material, a protective layer of a non-expanded thermoplastic material, and a layer of an expanded second thermoplastic material referred to as "wood" material, the pencil being characterised in that the thermoplastic material constituting the protective layer has a solidification point which is lower than the solidification point of the thermoplastic material constituting the lead material.
  6. A pencil according to claim 5, characterised in that the protective layer contains a thermoplastic elastomer or an ethyl-vinyl-acetate copolymer (EVA).
  7. A pencil according to claim 5, characterised in that the protective layer comprises a styrene polymer as its thermoplastic material.
  8. A pencil according to claim 6, characterised in that the protective layer comprises 70% to 95% of a styrene compound and 5% to 30% of a thermoplastic elastomer or an ethyl-vinyl-acetate copolymer.
  9. A pencil according to claim 5, constituted by superposing a core of a filled first thermoplastic material referred to as "lead" material, a protective layer of a non-expanded thermoplastic material, and a layer of an expanded second thermoplastic material referred to as "wood" material, the pencil being characterised in that the protective layer is deformable when hot and remains flexible after cooling.
  10. A pencil according to claim 9, characterised in that the protective layer is made of a thermoplastic elastomer.
EP00985357A 1999-12-13 2000-11-29 Method for making a writing or colouring pencil by triple extrusion and writing or colouring pencil comprising an intermediate protective layer Expired - Lifetime EP1150847B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9915696A FR2802148B1 (en) 1999-12-13 1999-12-13 PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE BY TRI-EXTRUSION OF A PENCIL TO BE WRITING OR TO BE COLORED AND THE PENCIL TO BE WRITING OR TO BE COLORED COMPRISING A PROTECTIVE INTERMEDIATE LAYER
FR9915696 1999-12-13
PCT/FR2000/003334 WO2001043987A1 (en) 1999-12-13 2000-11-29 Method for making a writing or colouring pencil by triple extrusion and writing or colouring pencil comprising an intermediate protective layer

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EP1150847B1 true EP1150847B1 (en) 2007-03-28

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EG23174A (en) 2004-06-30
US6572295B1 (en) 2003-06-03

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