EP2577684B1 - Cable including a removable indicator strip, and method and machine for manufacturing such a cable - Google Patents

Description

1. FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The field of the invention is that of the design and manufacture of cables such as for example electrical or optical cables.

More specifically, the invention relates to a cable comprising a protective sheath in which is housed at least one conductor and a method of manufacturing such a cable.

The invention has numerous applications in the field of cables, such as for example telecommunications, transport and distribution of energy.

2. TECHNOLOGICAL BACKGROUND

In the remainder of this document, more particular attention is paid to describing the problem existing in the field of electric cables, which the inventors of this patent application were confronted with. The invention is of course not limited to this particular field of application, but is of interest for any type of cable having to face a similar or similar problem (for example optical cables).

Traditionally, an electric cable comprises a protective sheath in which is (are) housed one or more electrical conductors. The purpose of this protective sheath is to insulate the electrical conductors from the external environment.

Today, there is a very wide variety of cables, which have been developed to meet a wide range of applications, which must be easily identifiable.

The need to visually distinguish one cable from another among a plurality of cables is therefore a problem with which cable manufacturers and users are currently confronted.

This is why many tracking systems (or indicators), such as for example marking by labeling, by writing area or by color code, have been devised to facilitate the tracking of cables. Most often, the cables are marked in relief or in ink on their outer sheath.

In the prior art, different color coding techniques are known.

For example, a known technique, presented in the patent document GB 260,837 , consists in permanently fixing, on one or more arc portions of the external surface of the protective sheath of an electric cable, an indicator strip of colored plastic or polymeric material. The color of the colored plastic or polymeric indicator strip is assigned according to the characteristics of the cable.

Another known technique, presented in the patent document US 2,521,123 (Western Electric), is based on a manufacturing technique by extrusion-sheathing of the protective sheath of an electric cable consisting of forming during the extrusion phase an indicator strip, formed in a colored polymer material, at the level of the protective sheath.

The IrisTech ™ technique is also known, developed by the company Prysmian and described for example in the brochure entitled "Cabo Eprotenax Gsette® EPR 0.6 / 1kV". This technique consists in producing, by extrusion-sheathing, a cable, the protective sheath of which comprises a longitudinal indicator strip, which constitutes a part of the surface of the sheath of the cable. The tape is part of the protective sheath and is therefore not detachable, except using excessive force and except altering the circular section of the cable). The strip is light in color and different from that (usually black) of the rest of the surface of the protective sheath. The tape is such that a user can write on it (with a pencil of the type used to write on CDs) information useful for the installation or subsequent maintenance of the electrical assembly in which this cable is used. Thanks to a predetermined color code, the color of the strip indicates the electrical section of the cable (for example, a separate color for each possible section between 1.5 and 25 mm ² ).

None of the aforementioned known techniques provides that the indicator strip (colored strip) can be detached from the protective sheath. In fact, according to known techniques, the indicator strip is fixed to the protective sheath in a definitive and irremovable manner, so that removal of this indicator strip would cause deformation, or even tearing of the protective sheath, causing an irreversible deterioration of the protective sheath and, in particular, a change in diameter outside of the sheath. The cable would therefore no longer have a circular cross-section and would most probably be out of standard.

• si l'utilisateur souhaite changer ou supprimer l'identification initiale d'un câble, donnée par la bande indicatrice, ce n'est pas possible. Par exemple, l'utilisateur peut souhaiter utiliser une identification des câbles seulement pendant la phase d'installation des câbles ;
• l'utilisation d'une bande indicatrice définitive et inamovible n'est pas possible pour tous les câbles car dans certains pays, la couleur de la gaine est unique et imposée (par exemple, la norme NF C 32-321 impose une gaine entièrement noire).

However, the fact that the indicator strip is fixed to the protective sheath in a definitive and irremovable manner has drawbacks:

• if the user wishes to change or delete the initial identification of a cable, given by the indicator strip, this is not possible. For example, the user may wish to use cable identification only during the cable installation phase;
• the use of a permanent and irremovable indicator strip is not possible for all cables because in some countries, the color of the sheath is unique and imposed (for example, standard NF C 32-321 requires an entirely black sheath ).

The patent document JP 6 076646 describes a method of manufacturing a cable comprising a protective sheath in which a conductor is housed, and a plurality of indicator strips. The indicator strips are glued to a part of the external surface of the protective sheath. One or more indicator strips can be removed before the cable is stranded.

The patent document US 5,281,764 relates to a method of manufacturing a pair of color-coded stranded electrical wires for electrical cable. Each electric wire of the pair is extruded with a first insulating material, and a second insulating material, having a color different from that of the first material, is co-extruded on the first material.

3. OBJECTIVES OF THE INVENTION

The invention, in at least one embodiment, aims in particular to overcome these various drawbacks of the state of the art.

More specifically, in at least one embodiment of the invention, an objective is to provide a technique making it possible to modify (change or delete) an initial identification of a cable, without causing deformation or alteration of the protective sheath of this cable.

Another objective of at least one embodiment of the invention is to provide a technique which can be applied to all types of cable, including those imposing a single sheath color.

At least one embodiment of the invention also aims to provide such a technique which makes it possible to maintain an outside diameter of the protective sheath within a standard value range, as well as a minimum thickness value of the protective sheath .

An additional objective of at least one embodiment of the invention is to provide such a technique which makes it possible to offer a surface finish of the tracking system suitable for writing.

Yet another objective of at least one embodiment of the invention is to provide a technique which relies solely on means conventionally used for cable manufacturing in an industrial environment, that is to say a technique which is simple to implement and inexpensive.

4. STATEMENT OF THE INVENTION

In the present description and the attached set of claims, unless otherwise indicated, all the numbers expressing quantities, percentages or the like, should be understood as being modified on any occasion by the term "approximately". In addition, all ranges of values include all combinations including minimum and maximum values, and also include any intermediate range (whether or not mentioned below) between these minimum and maximum values.

In a particular embodiment of the invention, there is provided a cable according to claim 1.

The general principle of a particular embodiment of the invention therefore consists in creating, on at least part of the external circumferential surface of a protective sheath of a cable, one or more indicator strip (s) removable (s), each having a level of adhesion to the protective sheath such that it can be detached from the protective sheath (manually for example) without altering the geometric structure of the latter. In other words, unlike the aforementioned known solutions, the indicator strip (s) can be removed without tearing off the protective sheath (such tearing causes, in known solutions, an irreversible deterioration of the protective sheath and, in particular, a change of the outer diameter of the sheath).

Once the indicator strip (s) have been removed from the protective sheath, the cable can therefore have a use other than that which was initially planned, the latter having retained its geometric and mechanical characteristics. Indeed, the indicator strip (s) being created on the one hand in excess thickness with respect to the protective sheath (in other words each indicator strip does not penetrate into the protective sheath) and on the other hand having a level of adhesion to the sheath protective allowing easy removal thereof, such removal therefore does not generate any defect or alteration of the outer circumferential surface of the protective sheath and the cable retains its usual circular appearance.

In addition, the thickness of each indicator strip is very small and such that the presence of the indicator strip on the protective sheath does not generate protuberance. interference on the outer portion of the cable. The invention in fact provides for compliance with the tolerance imposed on the outside diameter of the cable. The invention also provides that the protective sheath has, when it is not covered with one or more indicator strips, a minimum thickness (generally imposed by a standard). Thus, in the presence or absence (after removal) of the indicator strip (s), the geometric characteristics of the cable remain in accordance with the standards imposed (both for the outside diameter of the cable and for its minimum thickness) .

Also, because the indicator strip (s) are detachable from the protective sheath, the present technique can be applied to all types of cable, including those imposing a single sheath color. Indeed, the indicator strip (s) of the invention are detachable and do not form part of the cable (unlike the indicator strips of the aforementioned known solutions). So, if a cable conforms to a standard imposing a single sheath color (for example entirely black sheath in the case of standard NF C 32-321), the presence of one or more detachable colored bands on the surface of this cable does not change the fact that the cable conforms to this standard.

Such a technique is simple and inexpensive to implement since it does not require glue but advantageously co-extrusion means of the removable indicator strip (s), which cooperate with means traditionally used for manufacturing the cable by extrusion. -cladding on an extrusion line.

In an alternative embodiment, the adhesion means of the removable indicator strip (s) on the protective sheath can be formed by adding an adhesive suitable for the above conditions to be met (level of adhesion to the protective sheath such that the strip can be detached from the protective sheath without altering it). This variant, although feasible, is of little interest from an industrial point of view (during the manufacturing process, it involves slowing down, complications and increased cost).

Advantageously, the predetermined threshold is between 0.1 and 10 N / mm, and preferably between 0.1 and 5N / mm.

Such a threshold allows sufficient adhesion of the indicator strip on the protective sheath while being able to be easily detached from the latter without changing its mechanical and geometric characteristics. Indeed, it is important to emphasize that, while being detachable when necessary, the indicator strip must remain firmly attached to the protective sheath during the storage, deployment and use of the cable (these operations involving mechanical and thermal constraints) .

Advantageously, said at least one removable indicator strip has a thickness of between 5 and 15% of the thickness of the protective sheath.

Advantageously, said at least one removable indicator strip (150) has a thickness of between 0.1 and 0.3 mm.

According to an advantageous characteristic, when the sheath is made of polyvinyl chloride, said at least one removable indicator strip consists of a mixture of proportions between 30/70 and 60/40, and preferably between 40/60 and 55/45 , high density polyethylene (HDPE) and ethylene vinyl acetate.

Advantageously, the ethylene vinyl acetate contains at least 15%, and preferably at least 20%, by mass of vinyl acetate.

In a particular embodiment, the cable comprises at least two removable indicator strips.

According to another embodiment, a method of manufacturing a cable according to claim 9 is proposed.

According to yet another embodiment, a machine is proposed for manufacturing a cable according to claim 10.

5. LIST OF FIGURES

• la figure la illustre une vue en coupe transversale d'un câble à trois conducteurs électriques obtenu selon un mode de réalisation particulier de l'invention ;
• la figure 1b illustre une vue de dessus du câble à trois conducteurs électriques présenté à la figure la ;
• la figure 2 représente un schéma de principe d'un dispositif à extrusion pour la fabrication d'un câble à trois conducteurs électriques selon un mode de réalisation particulier selon l'invention ;
• la figure 3a présente un mode de réalisation de la filière d'extrusion et de l'extrudeuse additionnelle comprises dans le dispositif de la figure 2 ;
• la figure 3b illustre une vue en coupe de la filière d'extrusion et de l'extrudeuse additionnelle selon l'axe A-A de la figure 3a.

Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the following description, given by way of an indicative and nonlimiting example, and the appended drawings, in which:

• Figure la illustrates a cross-sectional view of a cable with three electrical conductors obtained according to a particular embodiment of the invention;
• the figure 1b illustrates a top view of the cable with three electrical conductors presented in Figure la;
• the figure 2 shows a block diagram of an extrusion device for the manufacture of a cable with three electrical conductors according to a particular embodiment according to the invention;
• the figure 3a presents an embodiment of the extrusion die and of the additional extruder included in the device of the figure 2 ;
• the figure 3b illustrates a sectional view of the extrusion die and of the additional extruder along the axis AA of the figure 3a .

6. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In all the figures in this document, identical elements and steps are designated by the same reference numeral.

The figure 1a shows schematically a cross-sectional view of a cable 100 with three electrical conductors obtained according to a particular embodiment of the invention.

• un ensemble de trois conducteurs électriques 110a, 110b, 110c, chacun entouré d'une couche d'un matériau isolant 115a, 115b, 115c ;
• une couche de bourrage 120 entourant l'ensemble des trois conducteurs électriques 110a à 110c ;
• une gaine protectrice 130, entourant la couche de bourrage 120 et comprenant une première couche interne 131 et une seconde couche externe 132, permettant de loger les conducteurs électriques 110a à 110c.

The electric cable 100 is more precisely made up of the following elements:

• a set of three electrical conductors 110a, 110b, 110c, each surrounded by a layer of insulating material 115a, 115b, 115c;
• a packing layer 120 surrounding all three electrical conductors 110a to 110c;
• a protective sheath 130, surrounding the packing layer 120 and comprising a first internal layer 131 and a second external layer 132, making it possible to house the electrical conductors 110a to 110c.

As an illustrative example, for a cable of “R2V3G 1.5mm ² ” type as defined in French standard NF C32-321, the internal 131 and external 132 layers of the sheath 130 are respectively made of a material to PVC base and the packing layer is made of a PVC based packing material.

The internal 131 and external 132 layers of the protective sheath 130 can be made of the same material or of different materials selected for example from polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene, ethylene vinyl acetate, etc. In certain embodiments, the protective sheath 130 can be produced with a single layer.

Furthermore, the electric cable 100 comprises, in this particular embodiment of the present invention, a removable indicator strip 150 disposed longitudinally on a part of the outer circumferential surface of the protective sheath 130. The indicator strip 150 consists of a polymeric material, the level of adhesion with the material of the outer layer 132 of the protective sheath 130 allows the indicator strip 150 to adhere to the protective sheath 130, while being able to be detached from the protective sheath 130 without the latter it is altered by such detachment (or withdrawal).

• la bande indicatrice 150 adhère suffisamment à la gaine protectrice pour éviter tout décollement non désiré de la bande indicatrice, par exemple lors du stockage ou de la manipulation du câble électrique, ou encore lors de l'utilisation du câble (à une température de fonctionnement donnée) ; et
• la bande indicatrice 150 puisse être retirée de la gaine protectrice de manière relativement aisée, préférentiellement par décollement ou tirage ou préférentiellement par pelage manuel, sans pour autant endommager la surface externe de la gaine protectrice.

Advantageously, the polymeric material is chosen so that the indicator strip 150 can be extracted by applying an extraction force per unit of width of the strip greater than a threshold of between 0.1 and 10N / mm (preferably between 0.1 and 5N / mm). This threshold makes it possible to fix the level of adhesion of the indicator strip 150 so that:

• the indicator strip 150 adheres sufficiently to the protective sheath to prevent any unwanted detachment of the indicator strip, for example during storage or handling of the electric cable, or even when the cable is used (at a given operating temperature ); and
• the indicator strip 150 can be removed from the protective sheath relatively easily, preferably by peeling or pulling or preferably by manual peeling, without damaging the external surface of the protective sheath.

According to the present invention, the indicator strip 150 must also have a thickness of material such that the outside diameter of the protective sheath increased by this thickness of material is within a range of values defined according to the standard in force.

A “R2V3G 1.5mm ² ” type cable, for example, the diameter of which is 9.1mm, may include an indicator strip 150 of thickness between 0.1 and 0.3mm, which makes it possible to comply with the tolerated range of values. by standard NF C32-321.

In this way, despite the addition of an additional thickness (due to the presence of the indicator strip 150 at the external surface of the protective sheath 130), the dimensions of the cable 100 (diameter and circularity) remain in accordance with the standard imposed.

The present invention offers the possibility for a user to carry out, in a simple and easy manner, a removal of the indicator strip 150 from the cable 100 in order to use the cable 100 for a use other than that for which it was initially intended, without deteriorating the geometric and mechanical characteristics. In other words, despite the withdrawal of the indicator strip 150 from the protective sheath 130, the cable retains its initial dimensions (diameter and circularity).

Thus, the outside diameter of the electric cable 100 always remains within the range of values tolerated by the standard in force (for example the standard NF C32-321) whether or not the indicator strip 150 has been detached from the protective sheath 130.

The indicator strip 150 has for example a thickness between 5 and 15% of the thickness of the protective sheath 130. Thus, for a protective sheath thickness between 1.6 and 1.8 mm, the indicator strip has for example a thickness between 0.1 and 0.3 mm.

In a particular embodiment, the indicator strip 150 has a strip width and a surface condition suitable for writing. For example, for a “R2V3G 1.5 mm ² ” cable, the indicator strip 150 has a width of between 4 and 5 millimeters, which allows a user to write directly on the cable 100 any information that he may deem useful.

In the case where the protective sheath 130 is made of polyvinyl chloride, the indicator strip 150 can be made with a mixture of polymers comprising polyethylene (preferably high density polyethylene) and a polar polymer (for example ethylene acetate of vinyl containing at least 15% by mass of vinyl acetate, and preferably at least 20%, and for example up to 30%). The polyethylene / polar polymer ratio of this mixture is for example between 30/70 and 60/40, and preferably between 40/60 and 55/45.

It should be noted that the skilled person will adapt the material to be used for the removable indicator strip 150 according to the material or materials of the sheath. protective 130, so that the aforementioned conditions are respected (the strip must adhere sufficiently to the sheath but must be able to be removable without damaging the sheath, the diameter of the latter must remain within the normalized range of values).

It should be noted that the cable illustrated on the figure 1a , as in all of the figures described below, includes only a single removable indicator strip 150. It is clear that many other embodiments of the invention can be envisaged. One can in particular provide a cable comprising several removable indicator strips, without departing from the scope of the invention.

The figure 1b illustrates a top view of the cable with three electrical conductors 100 presented above in relation to Figure la.

In this particular embodiment, a removable indicator strip 150 is disposed longitudinally over part of the outer circumferential surface of the protective sheath 130. On the figure 1b , a part of the indicator strip 150, located on the right part of the cable 100, is slightly detached from the sheath 130.

We now present, in relation to the figure 2 , a block diagram of an extrusion device 200 for the manufacture of a cable 100 with three electrical conductors according to a particular embodiment of the invention.

The extrusion device 200 comprises a conventional extrusion-sheathing part, making it possible to cover the electrical conductors 110a to 110c with a sheath comprising one or more layers of polymeric materials, to isolate them from the external environment.

This conventional part of the extrusion device 200 comprises a set of three extruders, referenced 201, 202 and 203 on the figure 2 , each intended to heat and obtain separately a molten polymer material flowing through a separate distributor channel 204, 205, 206. The three molten polymer materials flow simultaneously in the form of a laminated flow and are pushed through an extrusion die 210 (the principle of which is more fully described below in relation to the figure 3a ) to obtain an electric cable 100 covered with three layers of polymers. The extruder 201 makes it possible to form the packing layer 120, the extruder 202, the internal layer 131 of the protective sheath 130 and the extruder 203, the external layer 132 of the protective sheath 130 of the electric cable 100 of the figure 1 . The extrusion die 210 comprises a first circular outlet orifice 250, situated longitudinally of the extrusion axis 240, suitable for the extrusion of the three layers 120, 131, 132 of the protective sheath 130.

The extrusion device 200 furthermore comprises an additional extruder 230 whose purpose is to cooperate with the extrusion die 210 to form by co-extrusion a removable indicator strip 150 on the surface of the protective sheath 130. This removable indicator strip s extends longitudinally over an arc portion of the outer circumferential surface of the protective sheath 130.

Thus, the removable indicator strip 150 and the three layers 120, 131, 132 of the protective sheath 130 are co-extruded (that is to say extruded simultaneously) by the extrusion die 210.

The extrusion die 210 further comprises a second circular orifice 220, located perpendicular to the extrusion axis 240, through which the additional extruder 230 supplies the material necessary for the formation, by co-extrusion, of the strip. removable indicator 150 on the surface of the protective sheath 130.

The Figures 3a and 3b present an example of the structure of the extrusion die 210 and of the additional extruder 220 included in the device of the figure 2 , according to a particular embodiment according to the invention, the figure 3a illustrating a side view and the figure 3b , a sectional view along the axis AA of the figure 3a .

The extrusion die 210 comprises a first circular orifice 250, situated longitudinally of the extrusion axis 240, the size of which makes it possible to define the outside diameter of the protective sheath 130. On the figure 3a , the diameter of the orifice 250 corresponds to the diameter of 9.1mm in accordance with standard NF C32-321 for a cable of the “R2V3G 1.5mm ² ” type.

The extrusion die 210 also includes a second circular orifice 220, placed at an angle of 90 ° relative to the extrusion axis 240, the size of which makes it possible to define the width of the removable indicator strip 150 coextruded on the surface of the protective sheath 130 and cooperate with the head 335 of the additional extruder 230. In the figure, the width of the removable strip 150 is equal to 6mm. The diameter of the orifice 220 formed in the extrusion die 210 corresponds to the diameter of the head 335 of the additional extruder 230.

Other embodiments of the extrusion die 210 can be envisaged without departing from the scope of the present invention. In general, the additional extruder has a sufficient size to ensure the throughput of the material constituting the strip, at industrial production speeds, and comprises an extrusion screw adapted to the material to be extruded.

Claims (10)

1. Cable (100) comprising a protective sheath (130) in which there is housed at least one conductor, said protective sheath (130) having a defined thickness and an outer diameter within a value range defined by a predetermined standard, said cable further comprising at least one removable indicator strip (150) which extends longitudinally over at least one arc portion of the outer circumferential surface of the protective sheath (130), said cable being characterised in that said at least one removable indicator strip:

   - is produced from a polymeric material co-extruded with the protective sheath (130), said polymeric material being selected such that said at least one removable indicator strip (150) can be removed by applying an extraction force per unit width of said at least one removable indicator strip above a predetermined threshold between 0.1 and 10 N/mm, said threshold allowing said at least one removable indicator strip (150) to sufficiently adhere to the protective sheath so as to avoid any undesired detachment of said at least one removable indicator strip, whilst being able to be removed from the protective sheath (130) by peeling without altering it;

   - has a thickness between 5 and 15% of the thickness of the protective sheath such that the outer diameter of the protective sheath (130) increased by the thickness of said at least one removable indicator strip (150) is within said value range.
2. Cable as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the predetermined threshold is between 0.1 and 5 N/mm.
3. Cable as claimed in any one of claims 1 and 2, characterised in that said at least one removable indicator strip (150) has a thickness between 0.1 and 0.3 mm.
4. Cable as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that, when the sheath is produced from polyvinyl chloride, said at least one removable indicator strip (150) is formed from a mixture in a proportion of between 30/70 and 60/40 of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and ethylene vinyl acetate.
5. Cable as claimed in claim 4, characterised in that, when the sheath is produced from polyvinyl chloride, said at least one removable indicator strip (150) is formed from a mixture in proportions between 40/60 and 55/45 of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and ethylene vinyl acetate.
6. Cable as claimed in any one of claims 4 and 5, characterised in that the ethylene vinyl acetate contains at least 15% by mass vinyl acetate.
7. Cable as claimed in claim 6, characterised in that the ethylene vinyl acetate contains at least 20% by mass vinyl acetate.
8. Cable as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that it comprises at least two removable indicator strips.
9. Method for producing a cable (100) comprising a protective sheath (130) in which there is housed at least one conductor, said protective sheath having a defined thickness and an outer diameter within a value range defined by a predetermined standard, the method comprising a step in which the protective sheath (130) and at least one removable indicator strip (150) are co-extruded, said at least one removable indicator strip (150):

   - extending over at least one arc portion of the outer circumferential surface of the protective sheath (130);

   - which is produced from a polymeric material (130) selected such that said at least one removable indicator strip (150) can be removed by applying an extraction force per unit width of said at least one removable indicator strip above a predetermined threshold between 0.1 and 10 N/mm, said threshold allowing said at least one removable indicator strip (150) to sufficiently adhere to the protective sheath so as to avoid any undesired detachment of said at least one removable indicator strip, whilst being able to be removed from the protective sheath (130) by peeling without altering it;

   - having a thickness between 5 and 15% of the thickness of the protective sheath such that the outer diameter of the protective sheath (130) increased by the thickness of said at least one removable indicator strip (150) is within said value range.
10. Machine for producing a cable (100) comprising a protective sheath (130) in which there is housed at least one conductor, the machine comprising at least one extruder (201, 202, 203) cooperating with an extrusion die (210, 410) to form said protective sheath having a defined thickness and an outer diameter within a value range defined by a predetermined standard, said machine being characterised in that it comprises at least one additional extruder (230, 430) cooperating with the extrusion die (210, 410) to form, by co-extrusion with the protective sheath (130), a removable indicator strip (150):

    - extending longitudinally over at least one arc portion of the outer circumferential surface of the protective sheath (130);

    - being produced from a polymeric material co-extruded with the protective sheath (130), said polymeric material being selected such that said at least one removable indicator strip (150) can be removed by applying an extraction force per unit width of said at least one removable indicator strip above a predetermined threshold between 0.1 and 10 N/mm, said threshold allowing said at least one removable indicator strip (150) to sufficiently adhere to the protective sheath so as to avoid any undesired detachment of said at least one removable indicator strip, whilst being able to be removed from the protective sheath (130) by peeling without altering it;

    - having a thickness between 5 and 15% of the thickness of the protective sheath such that the outer diameter of the protective sheath (130) increased by the thickness of said at least one removable indicator strip (150) is within said value range.

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