EP1149196B2 - Mixing fibrous constituents - Google Patents

Mixing fibrous constituents Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1149196B2
EP1149196B2 EP99966838A EP99966838A EP1149196B2 EP 1149196 B2 EP1149196 B2 EP 1149196B2 EP 99966838 A EP99966838 A EP 99966838A EP 99966838 A EP99966838 A EP 99966838A EP 1149196 B2 EP1149196 B2 EP 1149196B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
weighing
conveying speed
weight
process according
cycle
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EP99966838A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1149196A1 (en
EP1149196B1 (en
Inventor
Franz Höck
Peter Engelhardt
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Temafa Maschinenfabrik GmbH
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Temafa Maschinenfabrik GmbH
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01G—PRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF FIBRES, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01G13/00—Mixing, e.g. blending, fibres; Mixing non-fibrous materials with fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01G—PRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF FIBRES, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01G23/00—Feeding fibres to machines; Conveying fibres between machines
    • D01G23/02—Hoppers; Delivery shoots
    • D01G23/04—Hoppers; Delivery shoots with means for controlling the feed

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and an apparatus for mixing fiber components by means of weighing box feeder, which is equipped with a weighing container and Vorhellraum, the weighing container is separated from the upstream Vorhellraum by a controllable flap, and after weighing the material from the weighing container on a Mixed tape is dropped.
  • weighing boxes are used to meter the individual fiber components, in which fiber bales are fed via a feed table and a subsequent conveyor belt to a rising needle belt from which the needle belt loosens fiber material in pancakes and conveys it up against a back roller.
  • a subsequent knocking roller leads the material loosened in this way to a weighing container.
  • the weighing of the fibers according to this known discontinuous process is usually carried out so that the weighing hopper is charged with two different material feed rates, wherein the feed rate of the needle belt speed is determined.
  • a coarse dosage with high needle belt speed to fill the weighing container in the shortest possible time is usually carried out.
  • this fast filling is carried out only to a certain degree of filling
  • the needle belt is switched to low speed, and it follows with this low speed, the fine dosage until the desired final weight is reached When this second limit is reached the needle band stopped. Then the exact weight is determined by the balance.
  • the weighing container is emptied onto a so-called mixed belt and tared, i. the weighing device is set exactly to the zero point.
  • the weighing device is prepared for the next weighing, and the needle belt is turned on again to first perform the coarse filling for the next weighing process at high speed.
  • the material-specific properties play a major role in the weighing of fibers. It is therefore necessary to set all speeds and limit values to these material-specific properties.
  • the loading of the filling space in front of the needle band also has an influence on the parameters to be set.
  • Fiber mixing plants are usually operated with several weighing containers and with different raw materials. The slowest weighing determines the throughput of the entire production plant. In order to achieve the desired accuracies and throughputs in the described weighing process, it is necessary that the plant is adjusted by operating personnel with good process knowledge and experience. The setting values must be determined empirically for each fiber type, which is expensive
  • a device for dosing of filling material for filling of packages is known.
  • the filling of the weighing container takes place via two stages with a coarse dosage and a fine dosage.
  • the filling material is passed via a first supply line into an antechamber, which is provided with a shut-off device to the weighing hopper, wherein a volumetric dimension of the filling material is provided in the prechamber.
  • the filling of the pre-chamber is terminated and emptied their content in the weighing bins.
  • Fine dosing via a second conveyor line.
  • the antechamber can be refilled via the first conveyor line, so that a shortening of the filling speed for the weighing container occurs.
  • a disadvantage of this known device is that two separate filling lines are necessary for the fine filling and for the priming, so that for each filling a corresponding flap control and a corresponding feeder is required. The device is therefore relatively expensive.
  • the conveying speed of the first conveying means is controlled as a function of the mass of the material delivered to the second conveying means.
  • the problem with non-continuous weighing to mix fiber components, yet to achieve continuous material delivery and opening thereof, is not present in this known device.
  • the known method and the device provided for its implementation is also not suitable to assemble different fiber components according to predetermined proportions by weight for further processing.
  • US Pat. No. 4,766,966 discloses an electronic control program for filling a weighing container via a prefilling space in as short a time as possible, but avoiding weight excesses caused by the rapid filling.
  • the feeding of the material to be weighed into the weighing cavity is therefore controlled by a different opening width of the outlet flaps from the prefill container.
  • the known device is not apparent. By controlling the discharge flap opening there is a risk in fiber material that this gets stuck on the not completely open flaps and thus it comes to irregularities and incomplete filling of the weighing container.
  • FIG. 1 shows a weighing feeder schematically in its construction.
  • the bales 1 ', 1 ", 1"' are fed via the feed table 2 and its conveyor belt 3 to the needle belt 4, which dissolves from the bales fed and promotes upwards against the back wiper roller 5.
  • the back stripper 5 is adjustably mounted in its distance from the needle belt 4 and rotates in the opposite direction to the conveying direction of the needle belt 4. Too large amounts of fiber rising with the needle belt 4 are not allowed to pass through this distance of the back strip roller 5, but retained by this.
  • the conveyor belt 3 of the feed table 2 and the needle belt 4 are drivingly connected to each other.
  • a continuously variable drive 41 is provided, so that the needle belt can run at any given by a control device 41 conveying speed.
  • the high-speed rotating knocking roller 6 connects, which strikes the fiber material from the needle belt 4 and thereby opens.
  • the liberated by the knock-off roller 6 fibers or fiber flakes are conveyed into a Vorhellraum 8, which can be closed by flaps 9 and shut off against the weighing container 10.
  • a fan 7 ensures the dust extraction.
  • a pressure roller 11 is arranged to compress the fiber material into a uniform wadding for feeding into a mixing opener 13.
  • FIG. 7 shows a weighing feeder with an enlarged prefilling space 80. Parts of this weighing feeder with the same function are also designated the same as in FIG. 1, so that the description of the weighing feeder according to FIG. 1 also applies to FIG.
  • a large pre-filling space 80 is arranged, which has up to about 80% of the capacity of the weighing container 10. This enlarged prefilling space serves to do this during the settling time to receive the balance and the discarding of the contents of the weighing container 10 supplied on the conveyor belt 12 material so that the needle belt 4 can promote fiber material without stopping.
  • measuring devices 13 are arranged on both sides. Preferably, these measuring devices consist of light barriers.
  • FIG. 2 shows a system with three weighing box feeders I, II and III, each drop a component on the mixing belt 12.
  • the ejection from the weighing container 10 takes place in each case so that the shares to be mixed are stacked on top of each other and at the same time reach the collection in the mixing opener 13. That First, the weighing feeder III throws its component portion onto the mixing belt 12, which transports this layer to the weighing feeder II. There, from the weighing container 10, the next component is placed on the position of the weighing feeder III and both transported further to the weighing feeder I, which then applies the third component to the two layers. All three layers run at the end of the conveyor belt 12 under a pressure roller 11 and are fed to the mixing opener 13, which continuously mixes the layer packs and emits through the pipe 14 to a mixing chamber.
  • the loading of the weighing container 10 is carried out in a known device in such a way that in a first phase, the material transport runs fast without weight control, i. the shut-off flaps 9 are closed and the material collects in the pre-filling chamber 8. During this time, the bottom flap of the weighing container 10 closes after discarding the last weighing, and there is a balance when the bottom flap is closed. In a second phase, the material transport is still running fast and without weight control, but the butterfly valve 9 opens and throws the accumulated material in the weighing container 10, the bottom flap is closed.
  • a third phase now follows a filling of the weighing container 10 with rapid material transport until at a certain level, which is less than the target weight, a signal is triggered, which switches the material transport to a low speed, with the rest of the filling takes place on the final weight
  • the material transport is switched off and the butterfly valves 9 are closed. There is a settling time of about 2 seconds for final weight measurement.
  • the bottom flap is opened and the weighing is dropped onto the mixing belt 12.
  • the pre-filling serves to increase the production capacity by reducing the downtime of the material transport, since with closed butterfly valve 9 in the first two phases already the material transport can use again.
  • the Vorhellmaschine according to the known method is not applicable if the material transport speed is subject to strong fluctuations.
  • the desired sequence of a weighing cycle is recorded in a so-called unit curve.
  • This cycle is the result of the sum of many empirical values and also represents the percentage of material feed in percent over the time of a weighing cycle, which is subdivided into time segments.
  • this unit curve represents in percent the course of the needle belt speed and thus the material supply or delivery rate per unit time. It was surprisingly found that the optimum sequence of the material supply speed in all cases in approximately equal behaves, so that this curve in the percentage representation can be easily transferred to all concrete values.
  • the controller 40 is entered with the unit curve of the cycle of the weighing cycle and thus an essential parameter, so that only the time of weighing and the final target weight to be met are entered for the specific case.
  • a computer integrated in the control device 40 can also determine these two values directly from the desired production output. Since the filling capacity of the weighing container 10 is predetermined, the computer calculates the necessary number of weighing cycles and their time span, and the target weight to be specified for each weighing cycle. Based on the predetermined target weight calculates over the unit curve (Fig. 3), the computer, the target weight curve (Fig. 4), according to which the filling of the weighing container 10 is controlled by a corresponding variation of the fiber delivery in the weighing container 10 via a target / actual value comparison.
  • the needle belt speed is in each case regulated by the drive 41 so that a standstill of the needle belt 4 does not take place or only in exceptional cases, so that the material delivery extends over the entire weighing cycle.
  • a prefilling space 80 (FIG. 7) which is as large as possible, which is at least half as large, preferably approximately 2/3 to the same size as the weighing container 10, and thus able to absorb a continuous supply of material during the calming phase of the balance and the release of the final weight from the weighing container 10.
  • the reduction in material supply downtime can also be used to reduce the duration of the weighing cycle, thereby increasing performance without sacrificing the quality of the opening.
  • the weighing cycle is essentially divided into three phases, namely ( Figure 6) in priming (zone A), main filling (zone B) and fine filling (zone C).
  • zone D the downtime (zone D).
  • the settling time of the balance and the final weight measurement as well as the opening and dropping of the final weight onto the mixing belt 12, including any necessary taring of the balance take place.
  • the fine filling always takes place after emptied Vorhellraum and with open flaps 9 to bring the balance to the final weight. In this way it can be saved up to 2 or 3 seconds, which means a reduction in the conveying speed or a power increase of 15-25% in a conventional weighing cycle of 12-14 seconds.
  • Figure 3 shows the unit curve for a weighing cycle without downtime of the material supply.
  • the flow rate at the beginning of the cycle is about 100%. This delivery rate is maintained for approximately 60% of the weighing cycle time. Then the flow rate is lowered to about 20% and for the remaining 20 to 25% of the weighing cycle time with decrease in the flow rate, the fine metering to the final weight made.
  • the area under the unitary curve represents the total delivery that is to be achieved during the weighing cycle and dumped onto the mixing belt 12 as a final weight.
  • the unit curve is set for each mixing component I, II and III, wherein 100% each is the flow rate required to reach the target weight of the corresponding component during the weighing cycle time.
  • component I has the highest setpoint speed, here in the example at 60 m per minute, component II at 30 m per minute and component III at about 10 m per minute. This corresponds approximately to the mixing ratio of the components of 60: 30: 10.
  • FIG. 6 shows in a comparison what enormous advantages the elimination of downtimes has in favor of a continuous supply of material.
  • the strongly drawn unit curve represents the weighing cycle with the usual standstill time.
  • Zone A indicates the usual prefilling time
  • zone B the main filling
  • zone C the fine metering
  • zone D the downtime of the feed.
  • the percentages give as an example a usual expiration of the weighing cycle. It does not matter if the weighing cycle lasts 12 seconds or 16 seconds. In the present case, the example was taken from a weighing cycle of 14.5 seconds.
  • FIG. 14.5 seconds As can be seen from FIG.
  • the downtime is at least 25 to almost 30%.
  • the conveying speed can be reduced to about 60% or by utilizing the full conveying speed, a shortening of the weighing cycle can be achieved by 25%. Since the areas under the respective curves represent the target weight amount, it becomes clear what advantage the inventive method offers.
  • the pre-filling takes place with a material conveying speed which is adjusted so that the existing pre-filling chamber 8 or 80 is well utilized and optimally charged in the given or available time. If the size of the prefilling space 80 (FIG. 7) is about 60 to 80% of the weighing container 10, then the essential filling takes place in this prefilling time. After opening the flaps 9 this priming reaches the weighing container 10; and only a fine filling with low conveying speed is required to achieve the desired final weight exactly.
  • the material delivery begins with the conveying speed (FIG. 4) due to the target weight curve (FIG. 5).
  • the material conveying speed By means of a reference / actual value comparison with the specified target weight curve, it is determined which quantity is still to be filled up to the final weight. If the difference is very large, then the material conveying speed can only rise again to 100% and only be regulated down to the fine feed for the last 10 or 20%.
  • the goal is to carry out the filling with as uniform a conveying speed as possible, so that the conveying speed in the following cycle is already adapted overall for this prefilling time.
  • the flaps 9 close and cut off another supply of material.
  • the material transport does not turn off, but immediately begins to fill the Voritzllraum 8 or 80 again, while the balance performs its settling time and weighing and discards the weighed material.
  • the material transport begins at a transport speed of about 50% during the first weighing cycle.
  • a transport speed of about 50% during the first weighing cycle is then controlled after a weighing time of about 60% of the weighing cycle, which amount of material at the flat set Vor colll biology in the Vor colllraum 8 or 80 arrived. This of course depends on the material, but this material dependence is automatically included in this measurement, since the actual amount is measured as a function of the conveying speed during this prefilling.
  • This control can be done in different ways.
  • One method for example, is that by opening the butterfly valves 9, the previously filled Vor colllmenge is dropped into the weighing container 10 so that it can determine an intermediate weight, which is given to the computer, which compares this with the target weight. If this actual value is below the setpoint, this means that the 50% filling speed is too low and must be increased according to the difference between the actual value and the setpoint.
  • the computer gives the correct conveying speed, so that an optimal utilization of Vor colllraumes 8 and 80 takes place. If the pre-charge amount is too high, the speed will be reduced accordingly. This eliminates the usual adjustment measures. For refinement, this process can also be reiterated.
  • Vor Vor
  • Another way of optimizing the Vor collliques is to equip the Vor colllraum 8 with a measuring device for the degree of filling (probe, photocell, etc.).
  • the Vor colllraum 8 is filled until the transmitter responds and indicates the filling of the room, causing the flaps 9 open.
  • the required time is determined and the optimum filling speed is calculated and set in the computer by increasing or decreasing the basic setting.
  • the pre-filling amount can then be brought to the final weight and used as a first weighing.
  • the conveying speed of such a low conveying speed in which the complete filling of Vor colllraumes 8 or 80 is certainly not reached. In general, this is achieved with about 50% of the conveying speed.
  • the optimum starting speed of the needle belt 4 or the conveying speed is determined by comparing the actual weight with the target weight; as already described above.
  • the optimal conveying speed is determined after the optimization.
  • the controller switches over to the filling speed specified by the target weight curve.
  • a regulator which expediently acts on the delivery speed of the needle belt 4
  • the speed is controlled along this curve, so that a corresponding decrease in the filling speed is carried out to make the fine dosage upon reaching the final weight.
  • the cycle for the supply of material has already ended and the speed of the conveyor belt 4 is switched after closing the flaps 9 to the optimized conveying speed, whereby the prefilling process and thus the new weighing cycle begins.
  • the weighing device remains with the weighing container 10 in the settling time, and after the end thereof, the weighed material is dropped onto the mixing belt 1-2 by opening the weighing container 10.
  • the deviation of the actual weight is determined by the Sollabschmay and taken into account in the subsequent weighing cycles.
  • This can, as usual, carried out by weight, but it can also be influenced to optimize the process, the conveying speed. This is done so that according to the unit curve, the sequence of the weighing cycle remains the same, however, the calculated correction speed is set equal to 100% of the flow rate and thus the specification of the target weight and derived therefrom speed curve corrects. In this way, a very accurate weighing is achieved.
  • a weighing feeder I, II or III is provided for each component.
  • three components can be mixed. Since the individual proportions of the components are different sizes, the filling of the weighing container 10 takes in the usual known filling different lengths, so that the component that determines the largest share, also requires the longest time, so that the other two Wiegespeiser their weighing more have ended and with the dropping of their weight on the weighing feeder with the largest Have to wait for quantity.
  • these three weighing feeders are matched in their filling speed to one another in such a way that all three weighings are finished at the same time.
  • the target weight curve is determined from the unit curve for each component and given to the relevant weighing feeder, the speed curve for the filling speed is reduced accordingly.
  • the priming is slower, but the filling to the final weight can be maintained regardless of the Vor colllán so that the same period is filled, as in the largest component.
  • the weighing cycle plays here in percentage terms in the same way as with the largest component. A special setting is not required.
  • the unit curve is specified in each control unit or in the control unit of the entire system. Thus, only the desired production output or the weighing cycle and the desired final weights for the individual components need to be entered. Everything else, including the optimization of the process, is performed by the computer of the controller.
  • the controller can also be programmed so that the discharge of the weighed fiber quantities starts one after the other and ends one after the other, so that complete mixing packages always result.
  • the weighing feeder III will throw off its last weighing on the mixing belt 12 and then already stop its work.
  • the last discharge quantity then reaches the weighing feeder 11, which throws off its component to this last weighing of the weighing feeder 111 and then also stops its operation. Only when this mixing package has passed the last weighing feeder I, the mixing plant is switched off. Similarly, the start is made by the weighing feeder III starts and successively the weighing feeders II and I are switched on.
  • process control has been described by specifying a desired target weight curve according to which the material feed into the weigh bin 10 is controlled.
  • This target weight curve can also be determined empirically, but it is advantageous to determine this according to the invention via the unit curve.

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device for mixing fibrous constituents using weight feeding according to which the fibrous material to be dosed is removed, each time, from fibrous balls and is delivered into a weighing container via a device provided for supplying material. A prefilling chamber is connected upstream from said weighing container. The weighing container is separated from the prefilling container by a controllable flap and, after weighing, the material is discharged from the weighing container and released onto a mixing strip. A desired specified weight curve is given to the weighing device for each fibrous component (I, II, III). In order to fill the weighing container (10), the device for supplying the material is controlled according to said specified weight curve by a corresponding variation of the delivery rate. The course of the weighing cycle is fixed by the corresponding percentile delivery rate over the percentile time of the weighing cycle (unit curve). The capacity of the prefilling chamber (8) corresponds to the capacity of the weighing container (10).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Mischen von Faserkomponenten mittels Wiegekastenspeisung, die mit einem Wiegebehälter und einem Vorfüllraum ausgestattet ist, wobei der Wiegebehälter von dem vorgeschalteten Vorfüllraum durch eine steuerbare Klappe getrennt ist, und nach erfolgter Wägung das Material aus dem wiegebehälter auf ein Mischband abgeworfen wird.The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for mixing fiber components by means of weighing box feeder, which is equipped with a weighing container and Vorfüllraum, the weighing container is separated from the upstream Vorfüllraum by a controllable flap, and after weighing the material from the weighing container on a Mixed tape is dropped.

Zum Mischen von Faserkomponenten werden zum Dosieren der einzelnen Faserkomponenten Wiegekastenspeiservorrichtungen verwendet, bei denen Faserballen über einen Zuführtisch und ein anschließendes Förderband einem ansteigenden Nadelband zugeführt werden, aus denen das Nadelband Fasermaterial in Fladen herauslöst und nach oben gegen eine Rückstreifwalze fördert. Eine sich anschließende Abschlagwalze führt das auf diese Weise aufgelockerte Material einem Wiegebehälter zu.For mixing fiber components, weighing boxes are used to meter the individual fiber components, in which fiber bales are fed via a feed table and a subsequent conveyor belt to a rising needle belt from which the needle belt loosens fiber material in pancakes and conveys it up against a back roller. A subsequent knocking roller leads the material loosened in this way to a weighing container.

Die Verwiegung der Fasern nach diesem bekannten diskontinuierlichen Verfahren erfolgt in der Regel so, daß der Wiegebehäfter mit zwei unterschiedlichen Materialzuführgeschwindigkeiten beschickt wird, wobei die Zuführleistung von der Nadelbandgeschwindigkeit bestimmt ist. Zunächst erfolgt eine Grobdosierung mit hoher Nadelbandgeschwindigkeit, um den Wiegebehälter in möglichst kurzer Zeit zu füllen. Allerdings ist mit dieser hohen Nadelbandgeschwindigkeit nur unexakt das gewünschte Wiegegewicht zu erreichen. Deshalb wird diese Schnellfüllung nur bis zu einem gewissen Füllungsgrad durchgeführt Sobald dieser erste Grenzwert der Grobfüllung erreicht ist, wird das Nadelband auf niedrige Geschwindigkeit umgeschaltet, und es folgt mit dieser niederen Geschwindigkeit die Feindosierung, bis das gewünschte Endgewicht erreicht ist Beim Erreichen dieses zweiten Grenzwertes wird das Nadelband stillgesetzt. Anschließend wird von der Waage das genaue Gewicht ermittelt. Zur genauen Gewichtsermittlung ist es notwendig, daß sich die Waage im Stillstand befindet, d.h. daß sie keine durch das Füllen verursachte Schwingungen mehr ausführt. Dieser Vorgang kann bis zu 2 oder 3 Sekunden benötigen. Danach wird der Wiegebehälter auf ein sogenanntes Mischband entleert und tariert, d.h. die Wiegeeinrichtung wird genau auf den Nullpunkt eingestellt. Damit ist die Wiegevorrichtung für die nächste Verwiegung vorbereitet, und das Nadelband wird emeut eingeschaltet, um zunächst mit hoher Geschwindigkeit die Grobfüllung für den nächsten Wiegevorgang durchzuführen.The weighing of the fibers according to this known discontinuous process is usually carried out so that the weighing hopper is charged with two different material feed rates, wherein the feed rate of the needle belt speed is determined. First, a coarse dosage with high needle belt speed to fill the weighing container in the shortest possible time. However, with this high needle belt speed only inexactly reach the desired weight. Therefore, this fast filling is carried out only to a certain degree of filling Once this first limit of coarse filling is reached, the needle belt is switched to low speed, and it follows with this low speed, the fine dosage until the desired final weight is reached When this second limit is reached the needle band stopped. Then the exact weight is determined by the balance. For accurate weight determination, it is necessary that the scale is at a standstill, i. that it no longer performs any vibrations caused by the filling. This process may take up to 2 or 3 seconds. Thereafter, the weighing container is emptied onto a so-called mixed belt and tared, i. the weighing device is set exactly to the zero point. Thus, the weighing device is prepared for the next weighing, and the needle belt is turned on again to first perform the coarse filling for the next weighing process at high speed.

Trotz genauer Einstellung der Wiegevorrichtung und sofortigem Stillsetzen des Nadelbandes fallen nach dem Erreichen des zweiten Grenzwertes noch Fasern in den Wiegebehälter, so daß der gewünschte Wiegewert überschritten, bisweilen auch unterschritten wird. Dies ist besonders dann der Fall, wenn das Fasermaterial nur wenig geöffnet ist. Zum Ausgleich dieser Ungenauigkeit wird dieser Gewichtswert ermittelt und bei den weiteren Verwiegungen gewichtsmäßig berücksichtigt. Außerdem sind über dem Wiegebehälter Klappen vorgesehen, die sofort bei Erreichen des Endgewichtes schließen, um ein Nachfüllen von Fasermaterial in den Wiegebehälter zu vermeiden.Despite accurate setting of the weighing device and immediate shutdown of the needle band fall after reaching the second limit still fibers in the weighing container, so that the desired weighing value is exceeded, sometimes even below. This is especially the case when the fiber material is only slightly opened. To compensate for this inaccuracy of this weight value is determined and taken into account in the other weighings by weight. In addition, flaps are provided over the weighing container, which close immediately upon reaching the final weight to avoid refilling of fiber material in the weighing container.

Zur Beschleunigung des Wiegezyklusses ist ein schnelles Befüllen des Wiegebehälters wünschenswert, jedoch führt eine hohe Nadelbandgeschwindigkeit zwar zu einem hohen Durchsatz, jedoch ist infolge der schlechteren Öffnung des Fasermaterials die Wiegegenauigkeit gering, da es zum Mitreißen von Material und dergleichen kommt. Eine niedrige Nadelbandgeschwindigkeit bewirkt zwar eine bessere Öffnung und damit auch eine hohe Verwiegegenauigkeit, jedoch ist der Durchsatz und damit die Befüllgeschwindigkeit des Wiegebehälters gering. Es ist deshalb das Ziel, bei der Befüllung einen möglichst hohen Durchsatz und trotzdem eine gute Öffnung und hohe Genauigkeit bei der Verwiegung zu erreichen.To speed up the weighing cycle, rapid filling of the weighing container is desirable, but while high needle belt speed results in high throughput, due to the poorer opening of the fiber material, the weighing accuracy is low because of the entrainment of material and the like. Although a low needle belt speed causes a better opening and thus also a high Verwiegenaueitigkeit, but the throughput and thus the filling speed of the weighing container is low. It is therefore the goal during filling to achieve the highest possible throughput and still a good opening and high accuracy in the weighing.

Ferner spielen beim Verwiegen von Fasern die materialspezifischen Eigenschaften eine große Rolle. Es müssen deshalb alle Drehzahlen und Grenzwerte auf diese materialspezifischen Eigenschaften eingestellt werden. Die Beladung des Füllraumes vor dem Nadelband hat dabei ebenfalls einen Einfluß auf die einzustellenden Parameter.Furthermore, the material-specific properties play a major role in the weighing of fibers. It is therefore necessary to set all speeds and limit values to these material-specific properties. The loading of the filling space in front of the needle band also has an influence on the parameters to be set.

Fasermischanlagen werden in der Regel mit mehreren Wiegebehältem und mit unterschiedlichen Rohstoffen betrieben. Die langsamste Verwiegung bestimmt den Durchsatz der gesamten Produktionsanlage. Um bei dem beschriebenen Verwiegeverfahren die gewünschten Genauigkeiten und Durchsätze zu erreichen, ist es notwendig, daß die Anlage von Bedienungspersonal mit guten Verfahrenskenntnissen und Erfahrungen eingestellt wird. Die Einstellwerte müssen für jeden Fasertyp empirisch ermittelt werden, was aufwendig istFiber mixing plants are usually operated with several weighing containers and with different raw materials. The slowest weighing determines the throughput of the entire production plant. In order to achieve the desired accuracies and throughputs in the described weighing process, it is necessary that the plant is adjusted by operating personnel with good process knowledge and experience. The setting values must be determined empirically for each fiber type, which is expensive

Es sind zwar schon elektronisch gesteuerte Verwiegeeinrichtungen bekannt, die die Bedienung und Überwachung derartiger Mischanlagen erheblich erleichtern, dennoch ist es notwendig, die entsprechenden Daten und Erfahrungswerte für jede zu mischende Komponente in die Steuervorrichtung einzugeben und zu speichern und für die jeweils zur Verarbeitung anstehenden Materialien und gewünschten Mischungen für das Steuerprogramm abzurufen. Dies ist zeitaufwendig und erfordert erfahrenes Fachpersonal. Außerdem besteht stets die Gefahr von Fehleinstellungen. Bei neuen Mischungen und Materialien müssen die Erfahrungswerte erst ausprobiert und ermittelt werden.Although already electronically controlled weighing devices are known, which greatly facilitate the operation and monitoring of such mixing equipment, it is nevertheless necessary to enter and store the corresponding data and empirical values for each component to be mixed in the control device and for the materials and materials to be processed respectively desired mixtures for the control program. This is time consuming and requires experienced personnel. In addition, there is always the risk of incorrect settings. With new mixtures and materials, the empirical values must first be tried out and determined.

Durch die DE 3412 920 ist eine Vorrichtung zum Dosieren von Füllgut zum Abfüllen von Packungen bekannt. Das Füllen des Wiegebehälters erfolgt über zwei Stufen mit einer Grobdosierung und einer Feindosierung. Für die Grobdosierung wird das Füllgut über eine erste Zuleitung in eine Vorkammer geleitet, die mit einer Absperreinrichtung zum Wiegebehäfter versehen ist, wobei eine volumetrische Abmessung des Füllgutes in der Vorkammer vorgesehen ist. Bei Erreichen des vorgegebenen Volumens wird die Befüllung der Vorkammer beendet und deren Inhalt in den Wiegebehäfter entleert. Nach Schließen des Absperroganges zwischen Vorkammer und Wiegebehälter erfolgt die Feindosierung über eine zweite Förderstrecke. Während dieser Zeit kann bereits die Vorkammer über die erste Förderstrecke wieder befüllt werden, so daß eine Verkürzung der Füllgeschwindigkeit für den Wiegebehälter eintritt. Nachteilig bei dieser bekannten Vorrichtung ist, daß zwei getrennte Füllstrecken notwendig sind für das Feinfüllen und für das Vorfüllen, so daß für jede Füllstrecke eine entsprechende Klappensteuerung und eine entsprechende Zuführvorrichtung erforderlich ist. Die Vorrichtung ist daher relativ aufwendig.From DE 3412 920 a device for dosing of filling material for filling of packages is known. The filling of the weighing container takes place via two stages with a coarse dosage and a fine dosage. For the coarse metering, the filling material is passed via a first supply line into an antechamber, which is provided with a shut-off device to the weighing hopper, wherein a volumetric dimension of the filling material is provided in the prechamber. Upon reaching the predetermined volume, the filling of the pre-chamber is terminated and emptied their content in the weighing bins. After closing the Absperroganges between pre-chamber and weighing container takes place Fine dosing via a second conveyor line. During this time, the antechamber can be refilled via the first conveyor line, so that a shortening of the filling speed for the weighing container occurs. A disadvantage of this known device is that two separate filling lines are necessary for the fine filling and for the priming, so that for each filling a corresponding flap control and a corresponding feeder is required. The device is therefore relatively expensive.

Es ist ferner ein Verfahren zum kontinuierlichen Erfassen des Schüttgewichtes von kömigem, faserigem oder blattartigem Gut, insbesondere von Tabak, bekannt, bei dem das Gut in einem stetigen Strom mittels eines ersten Fördermittels an ein zweites Fördermittel abgegeben und von diesem in einem massenkonstanten Gutstrom nachfolgenden Aufbereitungsarbeiten zugeführt wird (DE 28 41 494). Die Fördergeschwindigkeit des ersten Fördermittels wird in Abhängigkeit von der Masse des an das zweite Fördermittel abgegebenen Gutes gesteuert. Das Problem, bei einer diskontinuierlichen Verwiegung zum Mischen von Faserkomponenten dennoch eine kontinuierliche Materialförderung und Öffnung desselben zu erreichen, liegt bei dieser bekannten Vorrichtung nicht vor. Das bekannte Verfahren und die zu seiner Durchführung vorgesehene Vorrichtung ist auch nicht geeignet, verschiedene Faserkomponenten nach vorgegebenen Gewichtsanteilen für die Weiterverarbeitung zusammenzustellen.It is also a method for continuously detecting the bulk density of kömigem, fibrous or sheet-like material, in particular of tobacco, known, in which the goods delivered in a steady stream by means of a first conveyor to a second conveyor and from this in a mass constant material flow subsequent processing work is supplied (DE 28 41 494). The conveying speed of the first conveying means is controlled as a function of the mass of the material delivered to the second conveying means. The problem with non-continuous weighing to mix fiber components, yet to achieve continuous material delivery and opening thereof, is not present in this known device. The known method and the device provided for its implementation is also not suitable to assemble different fiber components according to predetermined proportions by weight for further processing.

Schließlich ist durch die US-PS 4.766.966 ein elektronisches Steuerprogramm bekannt, um einen Wiegebehälter über einen Vorfüllraum in möglichst kurzerZeitzufüllen,jedoch unter Vermeidung von durch das schnelle Füllen bedingten Gewichtsüberschreitungen. DieZufuhrdes zu wiegenden Materials in den Wiegebehälerwird deshalb durch eine unterschiedliche öffnungsweite der Auslaßklappen aus dem Vorfüllbehälter gesteuert. Über das Mischen von Faserkomponenten und die Materialzufuhr in den Vorfüllraum ist der bekannten Vorrichtung nichts zu entnehmen. Durch die Steuerung der Abwurfklappenöffnung besteht bei Fasermaterial die Gefahr, daß dieses an den nicht vollständig geöffneten Klappen hängenbleibt und es somit zu Unregelmäßigkeiten und unvollständiger Befüllung des Wiegebehälters kommt.Finally, US Pat. No. 4,766,966 discloses an electronic control program for filling a weighing container via a prefilling space in as short a time as possible, but avoiding weight excesses caused by the rapid filling. The feeding of the material to be weighed into the weighing cavity is therefore controlled by a different opening width of the outlet flaps from the prefill container. About the mixing of fiber components and the supply of material in the Vorfüllraum the known device is not apparent. By controlling the discharge flap opening there is a risk in fiber material that this gets stuck on the not completely open flaps and thus it comes to irregularities and incomplete filling of the weighing container.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, die aufgezeigten Mängel zu beseitigen und ein Verfahren und eine Verwiegeeinrichtung zu schaffen, um das Einstellen und Dosieren der einzelnen Komponenten erheblich zu vereinfachen. Eine weitere Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht darin, eine hohe Produktionsleistung zu erzielen und dennoch eine gute Öffnung und große Wiegegenauigkeit zu erreichen. Diese Aufgaben werden durch die Merkmale der Ansprüche 1,15 und 17 in Kombination als auch jeweils fürsich gelöst. Weitere Einzelheiten der Erfindung werden anhand der Zeichnungen näher beschrieben. Es zeigen

Figur 1
einen Wiegespeiser in schematischer Darstellung
Figur 2
eine Mischanlage mit drei Wiegespeisern
die Figuren 3, 4 und 5
verschiedene Kurven, gemäß welchen die Einstellung bzw. Steuerung der Anlage erfolgt
Figur 6
einen Vergleich der Fördermenge mit und ohne Unterbrechung der Förderung
Figur 7
einen Wiegespeiser mit vergrößertem Vorfüllraum.
The object of the present invention is to remedy the defects identified and to provide a method and a weighing device in order to simplify the setting and dosing of the individual components considerably. Another object of the invention is to achieve a high production output and yet to achieve a good opening and great weighing accuracy. These objects are achieved by the features of claims 1, 15 and 17 in combination as well as each. Further details of the invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings. Show it
FIG. 1
a weighing feeder in a schematic representation
FIG. 2
a mixing plant with three weighing feeders
FIGS. 3, 4 and 5
various curves, according to which the adjustment or control of the system takes place
FIG. 6
a comparison of the flow rate with and without interrupting the promotion
FIG. 7
a weighing feeder with enlarged pre-filling space.

Figur 1 zeigt einen Wiegespeiser schematisch in seinem Aufbau. Die Ballen 1', 1 ", 1"' werden über den Zuführtisch 2 und dessen Förderband 3 dem Nadelband 4 zugeführt, das aus den zugeführten Ballen Fladen löst und nach oben gegen die Rückstreifwalze 5 fördert. Die Rückstreifwalze 5 ist in ihrem Abstand zum Nadelband 4 einstellbar gelagert und dreht sich im Gegensinn zu der Förderrichtung des Nadelbandes 4. Zu große Fasermengen, die mit dem Nadelband 4 aufsteigen, werden durch diesen Abstand der Rückstreifwalze 5 nicht hindurchgelassen, sondern von dieser zurückgehalten. In der Regel sind das Förderband 3 des Zuführtisches 2 und das Nadelband 4 antriebsmäßig miteinander verbunden. Für das Nadelband 4 ist ein stufenlos regelbarer Antrieb 41 vorgesehen, so daß das Nadelband mit jeder durch eine Steuereinrichtung 41 vorgegebenen Fördergeschwindigkeit laufen kann. An das Nadelband 4 schließt sich die mit hoher Geschwindigkeit umlaufende Abschlagwalze 6 an, welche das Fasermaterial aus dem Nadelband 4 herausschlägt und dabei öffnet. Die durch die Abschlagwalze 6 herausgelösten Fasern oder Faserflocken werden in einen Vorfüllraum 8 gefördert, welcher durch Klappen 9 verschlossen und gegen den Wiegebehälter 10 abgesperrt werden kann. Ein Ventilator 7 sorgt für die Staubabsaugung. Unter dem Wiegebehälter 10 ist ein Mischband 12 entlanggeführt, auf das die in dem Wiegebehälter 10 gewogenen Fasern abgeworfen werden. Am Ende des Mischbandes 12 ist eine Druckwalze 11 angeordnet, um das Fasermaterial zu einer gleichmäßigen Watte für die Speisung in einen Mischöffner 13 zu verdichten.Figure 1 shows a weighing feeder schematically in its construction. The bales 1 ', 1 ", 1"' are fed via the feed table 2 and its conveyor belt 3 to the needle belt 4, which dissolves from the bales fed and promotes upwards against the back wiper roller 5. The back stripper 5 is adjustably mounted in its distance from the needle belt 4 and rotates in the opposite direction to the conveying direction of the needle belt 4. Too large amounts of fiber rising with the needle belt 4 are not allowed to pass through this distance of the back strip roller 5, but retained by this. In general, the conveyor belt 3 of the feed table 2 and the needle belt 4 are drivingly connected to each other. For the needle belt 4, a continuously variable drive 41 is provided, so that the needle belt can run at any given by a control device 41 conveying speed. At the needle belt 4, the high-speed rotating knocking roller 6 connects, which strikes the fiber material from the needle belt 4 and thereby opens. The liberated by the knock-off roller 6 fibers or fiber flakes are conveyed into a Vorfüllraum 8, which can be closed by flaps 9 and shut off against the weighing container 10. A fan 7 ensures the dust extraction. Under the weighing container 10, a mixing belt 12 is guided along, to which the weighed in the weighing container 10 fibers are dropped. At the end of the mixing belt 12, a pressure roller 11 is arranged to compress the fiber material into a uniform wadding for feeding into a mixing opener 13.

Figur 7 zeigt einen Wiegespeiser mit vergrößertem Vorfüllraum 80. Teile dieses Wiegespeisers mit der gleichen Funktion sind auch gleich bezeichnet wie in Figur 1, so daß die Beschreibung des Wiegespeisers gemäß Figur 1 auch für Figur 7 gilt. Über dem Wiegebehälter 10 ist ein großer Vorfüllraum 80 angeordnet, der bis etwa 80 % des Fassungsvermögens des Wiegebehälters 10 hat. Dieser vergrößerte Vorfüllraum dient dazu, das während der Beruhigungszeit der Waage und dem Abwerfen des Inhaltes des Wiegebehälters 10 auf das Förderband 12 gelieferte Material aufzunehmen, so daß das Nadelband 4 ohne Stillstand Fasermaterial fördern kann. Zur Überwachung des Füllstandes des Vorfüllraumes sind zu beiden Seiten Meßvorrichtungen 13 angeordnet. Vorzugsweise bestehen diese Meßvorrichtungen aus Lichtschranken.FIG. 7 shows a weighing feeder with an enlarged prefilling space 80. Parts of this weighing feeder with the same function are also designated the same as in FIG. 1, so that the description of the weighing feeder according to FIG. 1 also applies to FIG. Above the weighing container 10, a large pre-filling space 80 is arranged, which has up to about 80% of the capacity of the weighing container 10. This enlarged prefilling space serves to do this during the settling time to receive the balance and the discarding of the contents of the weighing container 10 supplied on the conveyor belt 12 material so that the needle belt 4 can promote fiber material without stopping. To monitor the level of Vorfüllraumes measuring devices 13 are arranged on both sides. Preferably, these measuring devices consist of light barriers.

Figur 2 zeigt eine Anlage mit drei Wiegekastenspeisern I, II und III, die jeweils eine Komponente auf das Mischband 12 abwerfen. Das Abwerfen aus den Wiegebehältem 10 erfolgt jeweils so, daß die zu mischenden Anteile übereinander geschichtet werden und gleichzeitig zum Einzug in den Mischöffner 13 gelangen. D.h. zuerst wirft der Wiegespeiser III seinen Komponentenanteil auf das Mischband 12, welches diese Lage zum Wiegespeiser II transportiert. Dort wird aus dem Wiegebehälter 10 die nächste Komponente auf die Lage des Wiegespeisers III aufgelegt und beides weiter zum Wiegespeiser I transportiert, der dann die dritte Komponente auf die beiden Lagen aufbringt. Alle drei Lagen laufen am Ende des Transportbandes 12 unter einer Druckwalze 11 hindurch und werden dem Mischöffner 13 zugeführt, der die Lagenpakete kontinuierlich vermischt und durch die Rohrleitung 14 an eine Mischkammer abgibt.Figure 2 shows a system with three weighing box feeders I, II and III, each drop a component on the mixing belt 12. The ejection from the weighing container 10 takes place in each case so that the shares to be mixed are stacked on top of each other and at the same time reach the collection in the mixing opener 13. That First, the weighing feeder III throws its component portion onto the mixing belt 12, which transports this layer to the weighing feeder II. There, from the weighing container 10, the next component is placed on the position of the weighing feeder III and both transported further to the weighing feeder I, which then applies the third component to the two layers. All three layers run at the end of the conveyor belt 12 under a pressure roller 11 and are fed to the mixing opener 13, which continuously mixes the layer packs and emits through the pipe 14 to a mixing chamber.

Das Beschicken des Wiegebehälters 10 erfolgt bei einer bekannten Vorrichtung in der Weise, daß in einer ersten Phase der Materialtransport schnell läuft ohne Gewichtskontrolle, d.h. die Absperrklappen 9 sind geschlossen, und das Material sammelt sich in dem Vorfüllraum 8. Während dieser Zeit schließt die Bodenklappe des Wiegebehälters 10 nach Abwerfen der letzten Wägung, und es erfolgt eine Austarierung, wenn die Bodenklappe geschlossen ist. In einer zweiten Phase läuft der Materialtransport noch immer schnell und ohne Gewichtskontrolle, aber die Absperrklappe 9 öffnet und wirft das angesammette Material in den Wiegebehälter 10, dessen Bodenklappe geschlossen ist. In einer dritten Phase folgt nun bei schnellem Materialtransport ein Auffüllen des Wiegebehälters 10, bis bei einer bestimmten Füllmenge, die geringer ist als das Sollgewicht ein Signal ausgelöst wird, das den Materialtransport auf eine geringe Geschwindigkeit umschaltet, mit dem die restliche Füllung auf das Endgewicht erfolgt, Ist das Endgewicht erreicht, wird der Materialtransport abgeschaltet und die Absperrklappen 9 geschlossen. Es erfolgt eine Beruhigungszeitvon etwa 2 Sekunden zur Endgewichtsmessung. Schließlich wird bei noch immer abgeschaltetem Materialtransport und geschlossener Klappen 9 die Bodenklappe geöffnet und die Wägung auf das Mischband 12 abgeworfen.The loading of the weighing container 10 is carried out in a known device in such a way that in a first phase, the material transport runs fast without weight control, i. the shut-off flaps 9 are closed and the material collects in the pre-filling chamber 8. During this time, the bottom flap of the weighing container 10 closes after discarding the last weighing, and there is a balance when the bottom flap is closed. In a second phase, the material transport is still running fast and without weight control, but the butterfly valve 9 opens and throws the accumulated material in the weighing container 10, the bottom flap is closed. In a third phase now follows a filling of the weighing container 10 with rapid material transport until at a certain level, which is less than the target weight, a signal is triggered, which switches the material transport to a low speed, with the rest of the filling takes place on the final weight When the final weight is reached, the material transport is switched off and the butterfly valves 9 are closed. There is a settling time of about 2 seconds for final weight measurement. Finally, with the material transport still being switched off and the flaps 9 closed, the bottom flap is opened and the weighing is dropped onto the mixing belt 12.

Das Vorfüllen dient zur Erhöhung der Produktionsleistung durch Reduzierung der Stillstandszeiten des Materialtransportes, da bei geschlossener Absperrklappe 9 in den ersten beiden Phasen bereits der Materialtransport wieder einsetzen kann. Allerdings ist die Vorfüllfunktion nach dem bekannten Verfahren nicht anwendbar, wenn die Materialtransportgeschwindigkeit starken Schwankungen unterliegt.The pre-filling serves to increase the production capacity by reducing the downtime of the material transport, since with closed butterfly valve 9 in the first two phases already the material transport can use again. However, the Vorfüllfunktion according to the known method is not applicable if the material transport speed is subject to strong fluctuations.

Durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren werden diese Nachteile beseitigt. Die Materialzuführung erfolgt zwar mit unterschiedlichen Geschwindigkeiten, sie ist jedoch dauernd in Betrieb, so daß keine Stillstandszeiten entstehen. Dies hat den großen Vorteil, daß durch die Verteilung der Materialzuführung auf einen größeren Zeitraum, der sonst durch die Stillstandszeiten belegt war, mit niedrigeren Materialtransportgeschwindigkeiten gearbeitet werden kann, die zu einer wesentlich besseren Öffnung und genaueren Dosierung führen. Als weiterer Gegenstand der Erfindung erübrigt sich ein Einstellen der einzelnen Parameter, da sich die einzelnen Geschwindigkeiten für Materialtransport und Befüllung einschließlich der Zeitabstände innerhalb des Wiegezyklus von selbst optimieren und dabei gleichzeitig auf die unterschiedlichen Materialien einstellen. Die erfindungsgemäße Arbeitsweise ist folgende:By the method according to the invention these disadvantages are eliminated. Although the material is supplied at different speeds, but it is constantly in operation, so that no downtime occurs. This has the great advantage that it can be worked by the distribution of material supply to a longer period, which was otherwise occupied by the downtime, with lower material transport speeds, which lead to a much better opening and more accurate dosage. As a further object of the invention, there is no need to adjust the individual parameters, since the individual speeds for material transport and filling including the time intervals within the weighing cycle optimize itself and simultaneously adjust to the different materials. The procedure according to the invention is as follows:

Zunächst wird der gewünschte Ablauf eines Wiegezyklusses in einer sog. Einheitskurve festgehalten. Dieser Zyklus ist aus der Summe vieler Erfahrungswerte hervorgegangen und stellt die Materialzufuhr prozentual über der Zeit eines Wiegezyklusses ebenfalls prozentual dar, der in Zeitabschnitte unterteilt ist. Nachdem die Nadelbandgeschwindigkeit des Wiegespeisers mit der Materialfördermenge annähemd proportional ist, stellt diese Einheitskurve in Prozent in etwa den Verlauf der Nadelbandgeschwindigkeit und somit der Materialzufuhr bzw. Fördermenge pro Zeiteinheit dar. Es wurde überraschend festgestellt, daß sich der optimale Ablauf der Materialzufuhrgeschwindigkeit in allen Fällen in etwa gleich verhält, so daß diese Kurve in der Prozentdarstellung auf alle konkreten Werte ohne weiteres übertragen werden kann. Das hat den großen Vorteil, daß der Steuereinrichtung 40 mit der Einheitskurve der Ablauf des Wiegezyklus und damit ein wesentlicher Parameter eingegeben ist, so daß für den konkreten Einzelfall nur noch die Verwiegezeit und das einzuhaltende End-Sollgewicht einzugeben sind. Natürlich kann ein in die Steuereinrichtung 40 integrierter Rechner auch diese beiden Werte direkt aus der gewünschten Produktionsleistung ermitteln. Da die Füllkapazität des Wiegebehälters 10 vorgegeben ist, errechnet der Rechner die notwendige Anzahl der Wiegezyklen und deren Zeitspanne, sowie das jedem Wiegezyklus vorzugebende Sollgewicht. Anhand des vorgegebenen Sollgewichtes errechnet über die Einheitskurve (Fig. 3) der Rechner die Sollgewichtskurve (Fig. 4), nach welcher über einen Soll/Ist-Wertvergleich die Füllung des Wiegebehälters 10 durch entsprechende Variation der Faserlieferung in den Wiegebehälter 10 gesteuert wird. Zweckmäßig wird dabei die Nadelbandgeschwindigkeit durch den Antrieb 41 jeweils so geregelt, daß ein Stillstand des Nadelbandes 4 nicht erfolgt oder nur in Ausnahmefällen, so daß sich die Materialförderung über den gesamten Wiegezyklus erstreckt.First, the desired sequence of a weighing cycle is recorded in a so-called unit curve. This cycle is the result of the sum of many empirical values and also represents the percentage of material feed in percent over the time of a weighing cycle, which is subdivided into time segments. After the needle belt speed of the weighing feeder is approximately proportional to the material flow rate, this unit curve represents in percent the course of the needle belt speed and thus the material supply or delivery rate per unit time. It was surprisingly found that the optimum sequence of the material supply speed in all cases in approximately equal behaves, so that this curve in the percentage representation can be easily transferred to all concrete values. This has the great advantage that the controller 40 is entered with the unit curve of the cycle of the weighing cycle and thus an essential parameter, so that only the time of weighing and the final target weight to be met are entered for the specific case. Of course, a computer integrated in the control device 40 can also determine these two values directly from the desired production output. Since the filling capacity of the weighing container 10 is predetermined, the computer calculates the necessary number of weighing cycles and their time span, and the target weight to be specified for each weighing cycle. Based on the predetermined target weight calculates over the unit curve (Fig. 3), the computer, the target weight curve (Fig. 4), according to which the filling of the weighing container 10 is controlled by a corresponding variation of the fiber delivery in the weighing container 10 via a target / actual value comparison. Appropriately, the needle belt speed is in each case regulated by the drive 41 so that a standstill of the needle belt 4 does not take place or only in exceptional cases, so that the material delivery extends over the entire weighing cycle.

Dies wird durch einen möglichst groß dimensionierten Vorfüllraum 80 (Fig. 7) ermöglicht, der wenigstens halb so groß, am besten etwa 2/3 bis genauso groß wie der Wiegebehälters 10 ist, und somit in der Lage ist, eine dauernde Materialzufuhr aufzunehmen, auch während der Beruhigungsphase der Waage und dem Abwerfen des Endgewichtes aus dem Wiegebehälter 10. Lediglich die Feinfüllmenge braucht der Vorfüllraum nicht aufzunehmen, da diese bei geöffneten Klappen 9 direkt in den Wiegebehälter 10 fällt. Damit wird nicht nur ein wesentlich schnelleres Befüllen und damit auch größere Leistung des Wiegespeisers erreicht, sondern durch die nunmehr mögliche geringere Füllgeschwindigkeit eine bessere Faseröffnung und genauere Füllung erreicht. Natürlich kann die Einsparung der Stillstandszeit der Materialzufuhr auch zur Kürzung der Dauer des Wiegezyklus benutzt und dadurch die Leistung erhöht werden, ohne daß die Qualität der Öffnung darunter leidet.This is made possible by a prefilling space 80 (FIG. 7) which is as large as possible, which is at least half as large, preferably approximately 2/3 to the same size as the weighing container 10, and thus able to absorb a continuous supply of material during the calming phase of the balance and the release of the final weight from the weighing container 10. Only the Feinfüllmenge needs the Vorfüllraum not record, since it falls directly with open flaps 9 in the weighing container 10. This not only a much faster filling and thus greater performance of the weighing feeder is achieved, but achieved by the now possible lower filling speed better fiber opening and more accurate filling. Of course, the reduction in material supply downtime can also be used to reduce the duration of the weighing cycle, thereby increasing performance without sacrificing the quality of the opening.

Der Wiegezyklus ist im wesentlichen in drei Phasen aufgeteilt, und zwar (Fig. 6) in Vorfüllen (Zone A), Hauptfüllen (Zone B) und Feinfüllen (Zone C). Dazu kommt noch die Stillstandszeit (Zone D). Bei entsprechender Größe des Vorfüllraumes 8 bzw. 80 kann auf das Hauptfüllen ganz verzichtet werden, so daß der Wiegezyklus sich nur noch in Vorfüllen (Zone A + B + C) und Feinfüllen (Zone D) unterteilt. Das Vorfüllen erfolgt bei geschlossenen Klappen 9 in den Vorfüllraum 8 bzw. 80. Während dieses sog. Vorfüllens erfolgt die Beruhigungszeit der Waage und die Endgewichtsmessung sowie das öffnen und Abwerfen des Endgewichtes auf das Mischband 12 einschließlich der ggf. notwendigen Tarierung der Waage. Das Feinfüllen erfolgt stets nach entleertem Vorfüllraum und bei geöffneten Klappen 9, um die Waage auf das Endgewicht zu bringen. Auf diese Weise können bis zu 2 oder 3 Sekunden eingespartwerden, was bei einem üblichen Wiegezyklus von 12-14 Sek. eine Reduzierung der Fördergeschwindigkeit bzw. eine Leistungserhöhung von 15-25 % bedeutet.The weighing cycle is essentially divided into three phases, namely (Figure 6) in priming (zone A), main filling (zone B) and fine filling (zone C). In addition there is the downtime (zone D). With appropriate size of Vorfüllraumes 8 and 80 can be completely dispensed with the main filling, so that the weighing cycle is divided only in priming (zone A + B + C) and fine filling (zone D). During this so-called prefilling, the settling time of the balance and the final weight measurement as well as the opening and dropping of the final weight onto the mixing belt 12, including any necessary taring of the balance, take place. The fine filling always takes place after emptied Vorfüllraum and with open flaps 9 to bring the balance to the final weight. In this way it can be saved up to 2 or 3 seconds, which means a reduction in the conveying speed or a power increase of 15-25% in a conventional weighing cycle of 12-14 seconds.

Figur 3 zeigt die Einheitskurve, und zwar für einen Wiegezyklus ohne Stillstandszeit der Materialzufuhr. Wie aus Figur 3 hervorgeht, ist die Fördermenge am Beginn des Zyklus etwa 100 %. Diese Fördermenge wird über etwa 60 % der Zeit des Wiegezyklusses aufrechterhalten. Dann wird die Fördermenge abgesenkt auf etwa 20 % und für die restlichen 20 bis 25 % der Wiegezykluszeit mit Abnahme der Fördermenge die Feindosierung bis zum Endgewicht vorgenommen. Die Fläche unter der Einheitskurve stellt die Gesamtfördermenge dar, diewährend des Wiegezyklusses erreicht und als Endgewicht auf das Mischband 12 abgeworfen werden soll. Durch Integration dieser Einheitskurve ergibt sich die Sollgewichtskurve (Figur 5). Die Einheitskurve wird dabei für jede Mischkomponente I, II und III angesetzt, wobei 100 % jeweils die Fördermenge ist, die erforderlich ist, um während der Wiegezykluszeit das Sollgewicht der entsprechenden Komponente zu erreichen. Nachdem alle drei Komponenten für den Wiegezyklus dieselbe Zeit haben, richtet sich die notwendige Sollgeschwindigkeitskurve nach dem zu erreichenden Sollgewicht. Somit hat die Komponente I die höchste Sollgeschwindigkeit, hier im Beispiel mit 60 m pro Minute, die Komponente II mit 30 m pro Minute und die Komponente III mit etwa 10 m pro Minute. Dies entspricht etwa dem Mischungsverhältnis der Komponenten von 60 : 30 : 10.Figure 3 shows the unit curve for a weighing cycle without downtime of the material supply. As shown in Figure 3, the flow rate at the beginning of the cycle is about 100%. This delivery rate is maintained for approximately 60% of the weighing cycle time. Then the flow rate is lowered to about 20% and for the remaining 20 to 25% of the weighing cycle time with decrease in the flow rate, the fine metering to the final weight made. The area under the unitary curve represents the total delivery that is to be achieved during the weighing cycle and dumped onto the mixing belt 12 as a final weight. By integrating this unit curve results in the target weight curve (Figure 5). The unit curve is set for each mixing component I, II and III, wherein 100% each is the flow rate required to reach the target weight of the corresponding component during the weighing cycle time. After all three components have the same time for the weighing cycle, the required setpoint speed curve depends on the target weight to be achieved. Thus, component I has the highest setpoint speed, here in the example at 60 m per minute, component II at 30 m per minute and component III at about 10 m per minute. This corresponds approximately to the mixing ratio of the components of 60: 30: 10.

Die Steuerung des Mischprozesses über einer aus der Einheitskurve abgeleiteten Sollgewichtskurve kann allerdings auch beim dem üblichen Wiegezyklus mit Stillstand der Materialförderung während der Beruhigungszeit und Wiegung durchgeführt werden. Figur 6 zeigt jedoch in einem Vergleich, welche enormen Vorteile die Beseitigung der Stillstandszeiten zugunsten einer durchgehenden Materialzufuhr hat. Die stark gezeichnete Einheitskurve stellt den Wiegezyklus mit der üblichen Stillstandszeit dar. Die Zone A gibt die übliche Vorfüllzeit an, die Zone B die Hauptfüllung, während die Zone C die Feindosierung und schließlich die Zone D die Stillstandszeit der Speisung angibt. Die Prozentzahlen geben als Beispiel einen üblichen Ablauf des Wiegezyklusses an. Dabei ist es unerheblich, ob der Wiegezyklus 12 Sekunden oder 16 Sekunden dauert. Im vorliegenden Falle wurde das Beispiel einem Wiegezyklus von 14,5 Sekunden entnommen. Wie aus Figur 6 ersichtlich, beträgt die Stillstandszeit immerhin 25 bis knapp 30 %. Durch Vermeidung dieser Stillstandszeit für die Materialzufuhr bei entsprechend großem Vorfüllraum 80 kann die Fördergeschwindigkeit etwa auf 60 % abgesenkt werden oder unter Ausnutzung der vollen Fördergeschwindigkeit eine Verkürzung des Wiegezyklus um 25 % erreicht werden. Da die Flächen unter den jeweiligen Kurven die Sollgewichtsmenge darstellen, wird deutlich, welchen Vorteil das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren bietet.However, the control of the mixing process over a target weight curve derived from the unit curve can also be carried out during the usual weighing cycle with standstill of material conveyance during the settling time and weighing. However, FIG. 6 shows in a comparison what enormous advantages the elimination of downtimes has in favor of a continuous supply of material. The strongly drawn unit curve represents the weighing cycle with the usual standstill time. Zone A indicates the usual prefilling time, zone B the main filling, zone C the fine metering and finally zone D the downtime of the feed. The percentages give as an example a usual expiration of the weighing cycle. It does not matter if the weighing cycle lasts 12 seconds or 16 seconds. In the present case, the example was taken from a weighing cycle of 14.5 seconds. As can be seen from FIG. 6, the downtime is at least 25 to almost 30%. By avoiding this downtime for the supply of material with a correspondingly large Vorfüllraum 80, the conveying speed can be reduced to about 60% or by utilizing the full conveying speed, a shortening of the weighing cycle can be achieved by 25%. Since the areas under the respective curves represent the target weight amount, it becomes clear what advantage the inventive method offers.

Das Vorfüllen erfolgt mit einer Materialfördergeschwindigkeit, die so abgestimmt ist, daß der vorhandene Vorfüllraum 8 bzw. 80 in der vorgegebenen bzw. zur Verfügung stehenden Zeit gut genutzt und optimal beschickt wird. Beträgt die Größe des Vorfüllraumes 80 (Fig. 7) etwa 60 bis 80 % des Wiegebehälters 10, so erfolgt die wesentliche Befüllung in dieser Vorfüllzeit. Nach öffnen der Klappen 9 gelangt diese Vorfülimenge in den Wiegebehälter 10; und es ist lediglich noch eine Feinbefüllung mit niedriger Fördergeschwindigkeit erforderlich, um das gewünschte Endgewicht genau zu erreichen.The pre-filling takes place with a material conveying speed which is adjusted so that the existing pre-filling chamber 8 or 80 is well utilized and optimally charged in the given or available time. If the size of the prefilling space 80 (FIG. 7) is about 60 to 80% of the weighing container 10, then the essential filling takes place in this prefilling time. After opening the flaps 9 this priming reaches the weighing container 10; and only a fine filling with low conveying speed is required to achieve the desired final weight exactly.

Die Materialförderung beginnt mit der durch die Sollgewichtskurve (Fig. 5) bedingten Fördergeschwindigkeit (Fig. 4). Durch einen Soll/Istwert-Vergleich mit der vorgegebenen Sollgewichtskurve wird festgestellt, welche Menge noch bis zum Endgewicht zu füllen ist. Ist die Differenzmenge sehr groß, so kann die Materialfördergeschwindigkeit auch erst nochmals auf 100 % ansteigen und erst für die letzten 10 oder 20 % auf die Feinförderung herabgeregelt werden. Ziel ist jedoch, mit einer möglichst gleichmäßigen Fördergeschwindigkeit die Befüllung vorzunehmen, so daß die Fördergeschwindigkeit beim folgenden Zyklus für diese Vorfüllzeit bereits insgesamt angepaßt wird.The material delivery begins with the conveying speed (FIG. 4) due to the target weight curve (FIG. 5). By means of a reference / actual value comparison with the specified target weight curve, it is determined which quantity is still to be filled up to the final weight. If the difference is very large, then the material conveying speed can only rise again to 100% and only be regulated down to the fine feed for the last 10 or 20%. The goal, however, is to carry out the filling with as uniform a conveying speed as possible, so that the conveying speed in the following cycle is already adapted overall for this prefilling time.

Sobald das Endgewicht erreicht ist, schließen die Klappen 9 und schneiden eine weitere Materialzufuhr ab. Der Materialtransport schaltet jedoch nicht ab, sondern beginnt sogleich den Vorfüllraum 8 bzw. 80 wieder zu füllen, während die Waage ihre Beruhigungszeit und Wägung durchführt und das gewogene Material abwirft.Once the final weight is reached, the flaps 9 close and cut off another supply of material. However, the material transport does not turn off, but immediately begins to fill the Vorfüllraum 8 or 80 again, while the balance performs its settling time and weighing and discards the weighed material.

Um den Vorfüllraum 8 bzw. 80 optimal zu nutzen, ist es notwendig, die richtige Geschwindigkeit der Materialzuführung während dieser Vorfüllperiode zu ermitteln, denn diese kann von der aus der Sollgewichtskurve ermittelten Sollgeschwindigkeit (Fig. 4) durch die Besonderheit des Materials abweichen. Dies kann zwar grundsätzlich auch von Hand und durch Eingabe von Erfahrungswerten erfolgen. Es ist aber auch möglich, daß sich die Wiegeeinrichtung hier selbst optimiert. Dies geschieht auf folgende Weise:In order to optimally use the prefilling space 8 or 80, it is necessary to have the correct speed of the material feed During this Vorfüllperiode to determine, because this may differ from the determined from the target weight curve target speed (Fig. 4) by the peculiarity of the material. In principle, this can also be done manually and by entering empirical values. But it is also possible that the weighing device optimizes itself here. This happens in the following way:

Gemäß einer vorgegebenen Grundeinstellung beginnt beim ersten Wiegezyklus der Materialtransport mit einer Transportgeschwindigkeit von etwa 50 %. Je nach Größe des Vorfüllraumes 8 bzw. 80 wird dann nach einer Verwiegezeit von ca. 60 % des Wiegezyklusses kontrolliert, welche Menge Material bei der pauschal eingestellten Vorfüllgeschwindigkeit in den Vorfüllraum 8 bzw. 80 gelangt ist. Dies ist natürlich vom Material abhängig, jedoch wird diese Materialabhängigkeit bei dieser Messung automatisch einbezogen, da die Istmenge in Abhängigkeit der Fördergeschwindigkeit während dieses Vorfüllens gemessen wird.According to a predetermined basic setting, the material transport begins at a transport speed of about 50% during the first weighing cycle. Depending on the size of the Vorfüllraumes 8 and 80 is then controlled after a weighing time of about 60% of the weighing cycle, which amount of material at the flat set Vorfüllgeschwindigkeit in the Vorfüllraum 8 or 80 arrived. This of course depends on the material, but this material dependence is automatically included in this measurement, since the actual amount is measured as a function of the conveying speed during this prefilling.

Diese Kontrolle kann auf verschiedene Weise erfolgen. Eine Methode besteht beispielsweise darin, daß durch Öffnen der Absperrklappen 9 die bis dahin eingefüllte Vorfüllmenge in den Wiegebehälter 10 abgeworfen wird, so daß dieser ein Zwischengewicht feststellen kann, welches an den Rechner gegeben wird, der dieses mit dem Sollgewicht vergleicht. Liegt dieser Istwert unter dem Sollwert, bedeutet dies, daß die 50 %ige Füllgeschwindigkeit zu gering ist und entsprechend der Differenz zwischen Istwert und Sollwert erhöht werden muß. Bereits für den nächsten Wiegezyklus gibt der Rechner die richtige Fördergeschwindigkeit vor, so daß eine optimale Ausnutzung des Vorfüllraumes 8 bzw. 80 erfolgt. Ist die Vorfüllmenge zu hoch, wird die Geschwindigkeit entsprechend herabgesetzt. Damit erübrigen sich die üblichen Einstellmaßnahmen. Zur Verfeinerung kann dieser Vorgang auch wiederhoft werden.This control can be done in different ways. One method, for example, is that by opening the butterfly valves 9, the previously filled Vorfüllmenge is dropped into the weighing container 10 so that it can determine an intermediate weight, which is given to the computer, which compares this with the target weight. If this actual value is below the setpoint, this means that the 50% filling speed is too low and must be increased according to the difference between the actual value and the setpoint. Already for the next weighing cycle, the computer gives the correct conveying speed, so that an optimal utilization of Vorfüllraumes 8 and 80 takes place. If the pre-charge amount is too high, the speed will be reduced accordingly. This eliminates the usual adjustment measures. For refinement, this process can also be reiterated.

Eine andere Art der Optimierung der Vorfüllgeschwindigkeit besteht darin, den Vorfüllraum 8 mit einer Meßvorrichtung für den Füllungsgrad auszustatten (Meßsonde, Lichtschranke usw.). Der Vorfüllraum 8 wird gefüllt, bis der Meßgeber anspricht und die Füllung des Raumes anzeigt, wodurch sich die Klappen 9 öffnen. Gleichzeitig wird die benötigte Zeitfestgestellt und im Rechner daraus die optimale Füllgeschwindigkeit errechnet und eingestellt, indem die Grundeinstellung erhöht oder auch erniedrigt wird. Bei dieser Methode kann die Vorfüllmenge anschließend auf das Endgewicht gebracht und als erste Wägung verwendet werden.Another way of optimizing the Vorfüllgeschwindigkeit is to equip the Vorfüllraum 8 with a measuring device for the degree of filling (probe, photocell, etc.). The Vorfüllraum 8 is filled until the transmitter responds and indicates the filling of the room, causing the flaps 9 open. At the same time, the required time is determined and the optimum filling speed is calculated and set in the computer by increasing or decreasing the basic setting. In this method, the pre-filling amount can then be brought to the final weight and used as a first weighing.

Um ein Überfüllen des Vorfüllraumes 8 zu vermeiden, wird zweckmäßig bei der Optimierung der Fördergeschwindigkeit von einer so niedrigen Fördergeschwindigkeit ausgegangen, bei der mit Sicherheit die vollständige Füllung des Vorfüllraumes 8 bzw. 80 noch nicht erreicht wird. In der Regel wird das mit etwa 50 % der Fördergeschwindigkeit erreicht. Beim ersten Wiegezyklus wird dann nach etwa 25 bis 70 % der Wiegezykluszeit durch Vergleich des Istgewichtes mit dem Sollgewicht die optimale Startgeschwindigkeit des Nadelbandes 4 bzw. die Fördergeschwindigkeit ermittelt; wie oben bereits beschrieben.In order to avoid overfilling of Vorfüllraumes 8, it is expedient to optimize the conveying speed of such a low conveying speed, in which the complete filling of Vorfüllraumes 8 or 80 is certainly not reached. In general, this is achieved with about 50% of the conveying speed. In the first weighing cycle, after about 25 to 70% of the weighing cycle time, the optimum starting speed of the needle belt 4 or the conveying speed is determined by comparing the actual weight with the target weight; as already described above.

Natürlich kann auch vorgesehen sein, daß die einmal ermittelten Fördergeschwindigkeiten für bestimmte Materialien und Komponentenzusammensetzungen gespeichert werden und bei Wiederholung desselben Falles abgerufen werden, ohne daß eine entsprechende Optimierung nochmals stattfinden muß. In der Regel ist eine automatische Selbstoptimierung jedoch vorteilhafter, weil Fehleinstellungen vermieden werden und das Personal sich um die Einstellung der richtigen Vorfüllgeschwindigkeit gar nicht kümmem muß.Of course, it can also be provided that the once determined conveying speeds for certain materials and component compositions are stored and retrieved when repeating the same case, without a corresponding optimization must take place again. In general, however, an automatic self-optimization is more advantageous because incorrect settings are avoided and the staff does not have to worry about setting the correct Vorfüllgeschwindigkeit.

Bei den nun folgenden Wiegezyklen liegt nach der Optimierung die optimale Fördergeschwindigkeit fest. Sobald die Vorfüllung erreicht ist, schaltet die Steuerung auf die durch die Sollgewichtskurve vorgegebene Füllgeschwindigkeit um. Durch einen Regler, der zweckmäßigerweise auf die Liefergeschwindigkeit des Nadelbandes 4 einwirkt, wird die Geschwindigkeit entlang dieser Kurve gesteuert, so daß auch eine entsprechende Abnahme der Füllgeschwindigkeit erfolgt, um die Feindosierung bei Erreichen des Endgewichtes vorzunehmen. Sobald dieses Endgewicht erreicht ist, ist für die Materialzufuhr der Zyklus bereits beendet und die Geschwindigkeit des Transportbandes 4 wird nach Schließen der Klappen 9 auf die optimierte Fördergeschwindigkeit geschaltet, womit der Vorfüllvorgang und damit der neue Wiegezyklus beginnt. Während also der Vorfüllraum 8 bzw. 80 bereits wieder mit Material gefüllt wird, verharrt die Wiegeeinrichtung mit dem Wiegebehälter 10 in der Beruhigungszeit, und nach Ablauf derselben wird durch Öffnen des Wiegebehälters 10 das gewogene Material auf das Mischband 1-2 abgeworfen.In the following weighing cycles, the optimal conveying speed is determined after the optimization. As soon as the pre-charge has been reached, the controller switches over to the filling speed specified by the target weight curve. By a regulator, which expediently acts on the delivery speed of the needle belt 4, the speed is controlled along this curve, so that a corresponding decrease in the filling speed is carried out to make the fine dosage upon reaching the final weight. Once this final weight is reached, the cycle for the supply of material has already ended and the speed of the conveyor belt 4 is switched after closing the flaps 9 to the optimized conveying speed, whereby the prefilling process and thus the new weighing cycle begins. Thus, while the Vorfüllraum 8 or 80 is already filled with material again, the weighing device remains with the weighing container 10 in the settling time, and after the end thereof, the weighed material is dropped onto the mixing belt 1-2 by opening the weighing container 10.

Selbstverständlich wird auch bei diesem Wiegeverfahren am Ende des Wiegezyklus die Abweichung des Istgewichtes vom Sollabwurfgewicht festgestellt und bei den nachfolgenden Wiegezyklen berücksichtigt. Dies kann, wie üblich, gewichtsmäßig erfolgen, es kann aber auch zur Optimierung des Ablaufes die Fördergeschwindigkeit beeinflußt werden. Dies geschieht so, daß gemäß der Einheitskurve der Ablauf des Wiegezyklus gleich bleibt, jedoch die errechnete Korrekturgeschwindigkeit gleich 100 % der Fördermenge gesetzt wird und damit die Vorgabe der Sollgewichts- und der daraus abgeleiteten Sollgeschwindigkeitskurve sich korrigiert. Auf diese Weise wird eine sehr genaue Wägung erreicht.Of course, also at this weighing method at the end of the weighing cycle, the deviation of the actual weight is determined by the Sollabwurfgewicht and taken into account in the subsequent weighing cycles. This can, as usual, carried out by weight, but it can also be influenced to optimize the process, the conveying speed. This is done so that according to the unit curve, the sequence of the weighing cycle remains the same, however, the calculated correction speed is set equal to 100% of the flow rate and thus the specification of the target weight and derived therefrom speed curve corrects. In this way, a very accurate weighing is achieved.

Wie aus Figur 2 hervorgeht, sind für die Mischung meist mehrere Komponenten zusammenzustellen und zu mischen. Für jede Komponente ist ein Wiegespeiser I, II oder III vorgesehen. Im vorliegenden Fall können also drei Komponenten gemischt werden. Da die einzelnen Anteile der Komponenten unterschiedlich groß sind, dauert die Füllung der Wiegebehälter 10 bei den üblichen bekannten Füllverfahren unterschiedlich lang, so daß die Komponente, die den größten Anteil bestimmt, auch die längste Zeit benötigt, so daß die anderen beiden Wiegespeiser ihren Wiegevorgang eher beendet haben und mit dem Abwurf ihrer Gewichtsmenge auf den Wiegespeiser mit der größten Menge warten müssen. Erfindungsgemäß sind diese drei Wiegespeiser in ihrer Füllgeschwindigkeit so aufeinander abgestimmt, daß alle drei Wiegungen zur gleichen Zeit fertig werden. Dadurch, daß die Sollgewichtskurve aus der Einheitskurve für jede Komponente bestimmt und dem betreffenden Wiegespeiser vorgegeben wird, wird die Geschwindigkeitskurve für die Füllgeschwindigkeit entsprechend herabgesetzt. Das Vorfüllen erfolgt langsamer, wobei aber das Füllen auf das Endgewicht unabhängig von der Vorfüllgeschwindigkeit auch beibehalten werden kann, so daß derselbe Zeitraum ausgefüllt ist, wie bei der größten Komponente. Da die vorgegebene Sollgewichtskurve aus der Einheitskurve abgeleitet wird, spielt sich hier der Verwiegezyklus prozentual in der gleichen Weise ab wie bei der größten Komponente. Eine besondere Einstellung dafür ist nicht erforderlich. Die Einheitskurve ist in jedem Steuergerät oder in dem Steuergerät der Gesamtanlage vorgegeben. Es brauchen also nur die gewünschte Produktionsleistung oder der Wiegezyklus und die gewünschten Endgewichte für die einzelnen Komponenten eingegeben werden. Alles andere, einschließlich der Optimierung des Prozesses, wird durch den Rechner der Steuerung durchgeführt.As can be seen from FIG. 2, it is usually necessary to assemble and mix several components for the mixture. For each component, a weighing feeder I, II or III is provided. In the present case, therefore, three components can be mixed. Since the individual proportions of the components are different sizes, the filling of the weighing container 10 takes in the usual known filling different lengths, so that the component that determines the largest share, also requires the longest time, so that the other two Wiegespeiser their weighing more have ended and with the dropping of their weight on the weighing feeder with the largest Have to wait for quantity. According to the invention, these three weighing feeders are matched in their filling speed to one another in such a way that all three weighings are finished at the same time. Characterized in that the target weight curve is determined from the unit curve for each component and given to the relevant weighing feeder, the speed curve for the filling speed is reduced accordingly. The priming is slower, but the filling to the final weight can be maintained regardless of the Vorfüllgeschwindigkeit so that the same period is filled, as in the largest component. Since the predetermined target weight curve is derived from the unit curve, the weighing cycle plays here in percentage terms in the same way as with the largest component. A special setting is not required. The unit curve is specified in each control unit or in the control unit of the entire system. Thus, only the desired production output or the weighing cycle and the desired final weights for the individual components need to be entered. Everything else, including the optimization of the process, is performed by the computer of the controller.

Um am Anfang wie auch am Ende einer Mischpartie stets die gleiche Mischung zu haben, kann die Steuerung auch so programmiert sein, daß der Abwurf der gewogenen Fasermengen nacheinander beginnt und nacheinander endet, so daß stets vollständige Mischungspakete entstehen. Bei dem Beispiel in Figur 2 wird also der Wiegespeiser III seine letzte Wägung auf das Mischband 12 abwerfen und dann bereits seine Arbeit einstellen. Die letzte Abwurfmenge gelangt dann zum Wiegespeiser 11, der seine Komponente auf diese letzte Wägung des Wiegespeisers 111 abwirft und sodann auch seine Tätigkeit einstellt. Erst wenn dieses Mischpaket auch den letzten Wiegespeiser I passiert hat, wird die Mischanlage abgeschaltet. Genauso erfolgt der Start, indem der Wiegespeiser III beginnt und nacheinander die Wiegespeiser II und I zugeschaltet werden.In order to always have the same mixture at the beginning as well as at the end of a mixing lot, the controller can also be programmed so that the discharge of the weighed fiber quantities starts one after the other and ends one after the other, so that complete mixing packages always result. In the example in Figure 2, therefore, the weighing feeder III will throw off its last weighing on the mixing belt 12 and then already stop its work. The last discharge quantity then reaches the weighing feeder 11, which throws off its component to this last weighing of the weighing feeder 111 and then also stops its operation. Only when this mixing package has passed the last weighing feeder I, the mixing plant is switched off. Similarly, the start is made by the weighing feeder III starts and successively the weighing feeders II and I are switched on.

Bei dem beschriebenen Beispiel wurde die Prozeßsteuerung durch Vorgabe einer gewünschten Sollgewichtskurve beschrieben, nach welchem die Materialzufuhr in den Wiegebehälter 10 gesteuert wird. Diese Sollgewichtskurve kann auch empirisch ermittelt werden, jedoch ist es von Vorteil, dies gemäß der Erfindung über die Einheitskurve zu ermitteln.In the example described, process control has been described by specifying a desired target weight curve according to which the material feed into the weigh bin 10 is controlled. This target weight curve can also be determined empirically, but it is advantageous to determine this according to the invention via the unit curve.

Die Optimierung der Fördergeschwindigkeit, insbesondere für das Vorfüllen, hat nicht nur Bedeutung im Zusammenhang mit dem größeren Vorfüllraum 80, der praktisch die ganze Füllmenge bis auf die Restfüllung zur Feindosierung aufnehmen kann. Auch bei den herkömmlichen, bekannten Wiegeverfahren kann der vergrößerte Vorfüllraum 80 mit Erfolg eingesetzt werden und den Prozeß erheblich verkürzen bzw. die erforderliche Fördergeschwindigkeit herabsetzen.The optimization of the conveying speed, in particular for the priming, not only has significance in connection with the larger Vorfüllraum 80, which can accommodate virtually the entire capacity except for the remaining filling for fine metering. Even with the conventional, known weighing methods, the enlarged Vorfüllraum 80 can be used successfully and significantly shorten the process or reduce the required conveying speed.

Wie aus Figur 6 anhand der durchgehenden, stark gezeichneten Kurve hervorgeht, ist es durchaus möglich, auch für den herkömmlichen Wiegeprozeß mit Stillstand (Bereich D) der Materialförderung eine Einheitskurve vorzugeben und danach den Zyklus zu steuern.As can be seen from FIG. 6 on the basis of the continuous, strongly drawn curve, it is quite possible to specify a unit curve for the conventional weighing process with standstill (area D) of material conveyance and then to control the cycle.

Somit kommt diesen Teilen der Erfindung eine selbständige Bedeutung zu, jedoch wird das Optimum durch Anwendung aller dieser beschriebenen Teile zusammen erreicht. Die beschriebenen Ausführungen sind nur beispielhaft und können in verschiedener Weise abgewandelt oder in anderer Weise kombiniert werden, ohne aus dem Erfindungsgedanken herauszuführen.Thus, these parts of the invention have an independent meaning, but the optimum is achieved by using all of these described parts together. The described embodiments are only exemplary and can be modified in various ways or combined in any other way, without leading out of the inventive idea.

Claims (24)

  1. A method of blending fibre components by means of weighing-hopper feeding in which the fibrous material to be proportioned is stripped from fibre bales each and is conveyed by a material supply mechanism into a weighing container which is preceded by a pre-charging chamber, wherein the weighing container is separated from the preceding pre-charging chamber via a controllable flap and the material, after being weighed, is dumped onto a blending belt from the weighing container, and a desired nominal-weight curve is preset for each fibre component of the respective weighing device (I, II, III), characterized in that the supply of material for charging the weighing container (10) is controlled by appropriately varying the conveying speed, along the desired nominal-weight curve via a setpoint/actual value comparison.
  2. The process according to claim 1, characterized in that the sequence of the weighing cycle is fixed by the respective percentage of the volume conveyed above the percentage of time of the weighing cycle (unit curve).
  3. The process according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the nominal-weight curve (Fig. 5) for each component (I, II, III) is determined from the unit curve (Fig. 3), based on the nominal weight of the component (I, II, III) that is to be achieved in a weighing cycle.
  4. The process according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the same duration of the weighing cycle is predetermined for each of the individual components (I, II, III) (Fig. 5).
  5. The process according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the weighing cycle is subdivided into a pre-charging phase during which the material conveyed is collected in a pre-charging chamber (8; 80), and a precise charging phase (Fig. 6) during which the material conveyed passes directly into the weighing container (10) through the pre-charging chamber (8; 80).
  6. The process according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the variation of material supply is performed by a change to the conveying speed of the spiked lattice (4).
  7. The process according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the accommodation of the real weight to the nominal weight which is preset each by the nominal-weight curve is performed by a controller.
  8. The process according to claim 7, characterized in that the controller influences the actual conveying speed of the spiked lattice (4).
  9. The process according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the time of the weighing cycle is governed by the speed of the blending belt.
  10. The process according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the dumping of the fibre volumes weighed onto the blending belt (12) begins successively and ends successively so that fully blended packs will always be formed.
  11. The process according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the conveying speed of the material supply mechanism (4) for the first weighing cycle is set following the imposition of an empirical value to determine an optimum conveying speed and the real weight achieved is compared to the nominal weight after 25 to 70 % of the weighing cycle time and the difference thus determined is used for a correction of the conveying speed of the material supply mechanism (4).
  12. The process according to claim 11, characterized in that the empirical value for optimizing the conveying speed is approximately 50 %.
  13. The process according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the conveying speed for precise proportioning remains unchanged irrespective of a change to the conveying speed for material conveyance during the pre-charging and/or main charging procedure.
  14. The process according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the deviation of the real weight from the nominal dumping weight is ascertained at the end of the weighing cycle and the difference is taken into account for a correction of the conveying speed.
  15. A method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the material supply conveys material throughout the weighing cycle while the weighing container (10) is fed discontinuously.
  16. The process according to claim 15, characterized in that the conveying speed of the material supply mechanism (4) approaches zero towards the end of fine proportioning, but said mechanism resumes its full conveying speed (Figs. 3, 4, and 6) immediately after the closure of the shut-off flaps (9).
  17. Weighing-hopper feeding device, wherein the fibrous material to be proportioned is conveyed by a material supply device into a weighing container which is preceded by a pre-charging chamber and the weighing container is separated from the preceding pre-charging chamber via a controllable flap, characterized in that the material supply mechanism (4) has associated therewith a control device (40) which controls the conveying speed of the material supply (4) along a predetermined nominal-weight curve (Figure 5) via a setpoint/actual value comparison.
  18. The device according to claim 17, characterized in that the material supply mechanism has a spiked lattice (4) which detaches fibrous material from the bale supplied and is provided with an infinitely variable drive (41).
  19. The device according to any one of claims 17 or 18, characterized in that the holding capacity of the pre-charging chamber (8; 80) matches the holding capacity of the weighing container (10).
  20. The device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the holding capacity of the pre-charging chamber (8; 80) is about 80 % of the holding capacity of the weighing container (10).
  21. The device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the holding capacity of the pre-charging chamber (8; 80) is at least the holding capacity of the weighing container (10) less the precise filling volume.
  22. A control device for controlling the conveying speed of a material supply mechanism (4) of a weighing-hopper feeding device for blending fibre components in which the fibrous material to be proportioned is conveyed by the material supply mechanism (4) into a weighing container (10), characterized in that the control device (40) for the fibrous material (I, II, III) to be proportioned has imposed thereon a desired nominal-weight curve (Fig. 5) along which the control device (40) controls the material supply (4) for charging the weighing container (10) by varying the conveying speed, via a setpoint/actual value comparison.
  23. The control device according to claim 22, characterized in that the control device (40) has imposed thereon the sequence of the weighing cycle by the respective percentage of the volume conveyed above the percentage of time of the weighing cycle (unit curve - Fig. 3) from which the nominal-weight curve (Fig. 5) is determinable for each component (I, II, III), based on the nominal weight of the component (I, II, III) that is to be achieved in a weighing cycle.
  24. The control device according to claims 22 and 23 for controlling the conveying speed of a material supply mechanism (4) of a weighing-hopper feeding device according to one or more of claims 1 to 16.
EP99966838A 1998-12-09 1999-12-07 Mixing fibrous constituents Expired - Lifetime EP1149196B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19856447A DE19856447A1 (en) 1998-12-09 1998-12-09 Mixing fiber components
DE19856447 1998-12-09
PCT/DE1999/003909 WO2000034557A1 (en) 1998-12-09 1999-12-07 Mixing fibrous constituents

Publications (3)

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EP1149196A1 EP1149196A1 (en) 2001-10-31
EP1149196B1 EP1149196B1 (en) 2003-07-09
EP1149196B2 true EP1149196B2 (en) 2006-06-21

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EP (1) EP1149196B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE244782T1 (en)
CZ (1) CZ298194B6 (en)
DE (2) DE19856447A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2204185T5 (en)
WO (1) WO2000034557A1 (en)

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DE10043338A1 (en) * 2000-09-02 2002-03-14 Truetzschler Gmbh & Co Kg Device for operating a feed device for fiber material, e.g. B. box feeder
US6971981B2 (en) 2002-10-16 2005-12-06 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Method and apparatus for making interlabial pads
US7758485B2 (en) 2002-10-16 2010-07-20 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Pad folding system and method
JP4425794B2 (en) 2002-10-16 2010-03-03 キンバリー クラーク ワールドワイド インコーポレイテッド Method and apparatus for manufacturing interlabial pad
US7082645B2 (en) 2002-10-16 2006-08-01 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Fiber blending apparatus and method
US6915621B2 (en) 2002-10-16 2005-07-12 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Method and apparatus for wrapping pads
EP2395138A1 (en) * 2010-06-10 2011-12-14 Recuperación de Materiales Textiles, S.A. Fiber metering device
DE102014111290A1 (en) * 2014-08-07 2016-02-11 Trützschler GmbH & Co Kommanditgesellschaft Device for mixing fiber components
DE102017115161A1 (en) * 2017-05-15 2018-11-15 Temafa Maschinenfabrik Gmbh Fiber conveying device and fiber mixing plant
DE102018109005A1 (en) * 2018-04-16 2019-10-17 TRüTZSCHLER GMBH & CO. KG Method for operating a spinning plant and thus operated spinning plant
DE102019002233A1 (en) * 2019-03-28 2020-10-01 Hubert Hergeth Parallel scale
CN112553715B (en) * 2020-11-03 2022-03-29 青岛宏大纺织机械有限责任公司 Weighing automatic compensation method and system for fine cotton mixer

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1149196A1 (en) 2001-10-31
ES2204185T3 (en) 2004-04-16
DE59906277D1 (en) 2003-08-14
CZ20012004A3 (en) 2001-09-12
EP1149196B1 (en) 2003-07-09
WO2000034557A1 (en) 2000-06-15
ES2204185T5 (en) 2007-03-01
ATE244782T1 (en) 2003-07-15
DE19856447A1 (en) 2000-06-15
CZ298194B6 (en) 2007-07-18

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