EP1148583A1 - Antenne réseau plane - Google Patents

Antenne réseau plane Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1148583A1
EP1148583A1 EP00303284A EP00303284A EP1148583A1 EP 1148583 A1 EP1148583 A1 EP 1148583A1 EP 00303284 A EP00303284 A EP 00303284A EP 00303284 A EP00303284 A EP 00303284A EP 1148583 A1 EP1148583 A1 EP 1148583A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
horn
slab
probes
planar array
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP00303284A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Martin William Shelley
Francisco Javier Vazquez Sanchez
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ERA Patents Ltd
Original Assignee
ERA Patents Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ERA Patents Ltd filed Critical ERA Patents Ltd
Priority to EP00303284A priority Critical patent/EP1148583A1/fr
Priority to AU2001250419A priority patent/AU2001250419A1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2001/004041 priority patent/WO2001080365A1/fr
Priority to US10/257,627 priority patent/US20030122724A1/en
Priority to EP01923718A priority patent/EP1275172A1/fr
Publication of EP1148583A1 publication Critical patent/EP1148583A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/064—Two dimensional planar arrays using horn or slot aerials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
    • H01Q1/525—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas between emitting and receiving antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0075—Stripline fed arrays
    • H01Q21/0081—Stripline fed arrays using suspended striplines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/50—Feeding or matching arrangements for broad-band or multi-band operation
    • H01Q5/55—Feeding or matching arrangements for broad-band or multi-band operation for horn or waveguide antennas

Definitions

  • This invention relates to antennas and more particularly, though not solely, to planar array antennas.
  • Planar array antennas are well known.
  • An example is disclosed in US-A-4527165 which is formed from a sandwich construction of five layers.
  • the layers include a first metal-coated insulating layer having a number of arrayed miniature horns and two further metal-coated insulating layers in which miniature waveguides are formed, aligned with the miniature horns.
  • Each of the insulating layers is substantially the same thickness.
  • the adjacent faces of the insulating layers are separated by thin dielectric film layers carrying conductive tracks, each dielectric film layer including a network of probes which is aligned in parallel, with one probe from each of the networks protruding into each of the antenna elements.
  • the probes of the first dielectric film layer are aligned perpendicular to the probes of the second dielectric film layer.
  • the elements in the antenna are designed to transmit/receive the two orthogonal components of a circularly polarised high frequency signal.
  • the signals received from the antenna elements are subsequently combined in order to extract the circularly polarised signal.
  • a uniformly excited array antenna such as the one disclosed in US-A-4527165, containing a number of rows and columns of elements has relatively high sidelobes in the planes of the rows and columns (the principle planes) but low sidelobes in the diagonal (or inter-cardinal) planes. It is further known that such an array can exhibit undesirable grating lobes in the principle planes and inter-cardinal planes if the elements exceed a certain electrical size. The grating lobes are produced in the principle planes when the antenna elements are greater than one wavelength across at the operating frequency and appear in the inter-cardinal planes when the element size exceeds two wavelengths at the operating frequency.
  • the array antenna described above is incapable of multi-band operation and is physically rather thick, making it unsuitable in many situations.
  • the invention consists in an antenna element comprising:
  • the invention consists in a planar antenna array comprising:
  • a planar array antenna 1 has a housing 2 within which an antenna made up of a number of individual antenna elements 3 is housed.
  • the array antenna is formed as a slab or flat plate and has a front face 4, a rear face 5 (shown in plan in Figure 4) and two pairs of substantially parallel sides 6,7 and 8,9.
  • the overall dimensions of the array antenna could be, for example, 300mm by 300mm with a depth of for example 40mm, including active transmit and receive components.
  • the antenna shown in the drawings has a generally square shape, it is intended that the antenna according to the invention could be any suitable shape in which rows of antenna elements are arrayed in rows at 45° to the principal planes of the antenna (that is, at 45° to the two directions of polarisation).
  • the housing is formed by injection moulding a plastics material such as ABS but could also be cast, for example, from a metal such as aluminium.
  • a rear cover 10 which forms part of the antenna housing 2 is attached such as by screws or clips to the rear face of the array antenna and may also be formed from plastics or metal.
  • a first layer 11 may be fabricated from an insulating material such as a plastics material which is metal coated or alternatively could be fabricated from a metal such as aluminium which has been cast or machined to provide a plate with central cavities forming a series of horns 12.
  • Each horn 12 has a generally rectangular (for example, square) shaped aperture 13 with a number of rectangular shaped steps 14 (shown in Figure 2) providing an impedance match between free space and a waveguide, preferably substantially rectangular, at the base of each element.
  • the walls of the waveguide are at 45° to the edges 13 of the horn aperture 12.
  • the waveguide may include radiuses in each corner to aid manufacture.
  • each of the sides of the aperture 13 may taper uniformly to the rectangular waveguide 15 (as shown in Figure 1) or may taper to the rectangular waveguide 15 using a number of differing taper angles (that is, each of the internal sides of the horn cavity 12, extending from an edge of the horn aperture to meet the opening of the rectangular waveguide, may be made up of more than one planar segment, each of the segments being in different planes and therefore meeting at an angle).
  • the thickness of the first layer 11 may, for example, be around 10mm.
  • the second layer 16 carries a first beamforming network which includes a first probe 17 for each antenna element.
  • the second layer may for example be a thin dielectric sheet onto which conductors are deposited, or alternatively may be a copper coated dielectric which is selectively etched to form the network of conductors making up the first beamforming network.
  • the dielectric could be a PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene)-based or Polyimide substrate having a thickness of about 0.125mm.
  • the beamforming network includes a number of probes used to excite the antenna elements. The probes are arranged on a substrate in a suitable manner in order to control reception or transmission of electromagnetic radiation.
  • a third layer 18 which, as with the first layer 11 may be fabricated from a metallised insulating material such as injection moulded plastics or cast or machined from aluminium or any other suitable metal, is beneath and directly adjacent to the second layer 16.
  • the third layer 18 has essentially rectangular cavities provided in it which form a segment of the walls of the rectangular waveguide 15. Additional impedance matching features (not shown) may be provided on the walls of the cavities within the third layer 18. It can be seen in the example shown in Figure 2 that the third layer is thinner than the first layer 11 and may, for example, be about 3mm thick.
  • the fourth layer 19 is preferably very similar in construction to the second layer 16.
  • the fourth layer 19 is preferably also a thin dielectric sheet onto which conductors are deposited, or a copper coated dielectric which is selectively etched to form the electrical conductors of a second beamforming network.
  • the second beamforming network includes a number of second probes 20 which extend into the rectangular waveguide 15 from a wall of the waveguide which is adjacent to the wall from which the first probe extends. Accordingly, the second probes extend in a direction which is perpendicular to the direction of the first probes.
  • the first and second beamforming networks are formed as suspended striplines which are housed in channels in the first 11 and third 18 layers and the third 18 layer and fifth 21 layers respectively in the known way.
  • the thickness of the fourth layer may, for example, be about 0.125mm and the dielectric could be a PTFE-based or Polyimide substrate.
  • a fifth layer 21 which forms the bulk of the rectangular waveguide 15 is attached directly beneath and adjacent to the fourth layer 19.
  • the fifth layer may also be fabricated from a metallised insulating material in common with the first 11 and third 18 layers or could be a suitable cast or machined metal.
  • the fifth layer 21 consists of a series of "closed” or “open” cavities, forming the rear section of each antenna element.
  • the "closed” cavities form a substantial part of the side walls and base 30 of the rectangular waveguide 15 and, when viewed from the rear of the array antenna, form a number of rectangular "posts".
  • the "open” cavities 22 form spaces between the "posts”.
  • first 17 and second 20 probes are offset along the axis of the rectangular waveguide 15 and are designed to be impedance matched at different frequencies, a common short circuit may be used to match both of the probes into the rectangular waveguide.
  • the common short circuit is provided by the base 30 of the rectangular waveguide.
  • a sixth layer 23 which is preferably a flat, heat conducting (preferably metal) plate is attached (for example by bonding or brazing) directly onto the posts of the fifth layer to provide good thermal contact there between.
  • the sixth layer 23 forms a heat sink on to which heat producing electronic components of the array antenna may be mounted.
  • Fins 24 which protrude from the surface of the heat sink and extend into the "open" cavities 22 formed in the fifth layer 21 may optionally be added to improve heat dissipation from the electronic components if required.
  • the fins could be machined onto the plate or alternatively bonded or otherwise attached.
  • Figure 3 shows a perspective view of a further alternative embodiment of the antenna element according to the present invention in which the horn 12 is not tapered or stepped but rather the walls of the internal cavity of the horn are perpendicular to the front and rear faces of the array antenna.
  • the rear cover 10 essentially forms a cavity 27 within the antenna structure.
  • aligned through holes 25 may be formed in the fifth and sixth layers (aligned holes, which are not shown, may also be formed in the second 16 and fourth 19 layers). This creates a common environment within the antenna 1 and housing 2.
  • the holes 25 in the base 30 (for example, 4 holes per antenna element may be provided) provide a "virtual" common short circuit which still effectively impedance matches both of the probes to the rectangular waveguide.
  • a fan 26 which is mounted on the plate of the sixth layer 23 may be provided to draw air through a vent in the rear cover 10, into the "open" cavities 22 (through suitably positioned holes in plate 23) and out of the antenna via air vents 28, which may for example be provided at some or all of the corners of the housing 2.
  • air vents 28 which may for example be provided at some or all of the corners of the housing 2.
  • heat producing electronic components such as high power amplifiers 29
  • they may be attached in thermal contact to the plate 23 and be cooled by the heat sink and/or forced convection provided by the fan 26.
  • the antenna according to the embodiment shown in Figure 4 may be thought of as being diamond shaped because in use the antenna is generally aligned with the antenna element diagonals in the horizontal and vertical planes.
  • fifth 21 and sixth 23 plates could alternatively be manufactured as one layer.
  • the first and second beamforming networks are connected to circuitry capable of either producing (for transmission by the antenna) or accepting (from the array antenna) respective first and second electrical signals which have been suitably modulated in a known way.
  • the first probes 17 excite the waveguide 15 (or are excited by the waveguide) in a first operating frequency band having an operating wavelength ⁇ 1 while the second probe 20 excites (or is excited by) the rectangular waveguide in a second operating frequency band which is higher than the first frequency band at an operating wavelength ⁇ 2 .
  • the planar array antenna of the present invention is suitable for receiving and/or transmitting in two different, orthogonal linearly polarised frequency bands. Furthermore, as the array antenna is designed to operate at two different frequencies, it is capable of full-duplex performance (that is, the antenna is capable of receiving and transmitting simultaneously). However, if preferred, both frequencies could be utilised as transmitting frequencies or both could be used as receiving frequencies. Preferably the antenna is oriented with the first probes 17 in a vertical plane and the second probes 20 in a horizontal plane, or vice versa, so that the antenna is capable of receiving and/or transmitting in these planes. Because the apertures 13 are arranged with their edges at 45° to the horizontal and vertical planes, the array antenna exhibits low sidelobes in these planes.
  • the radiating aperture can have dimensions of approximately 25mm x 25mm, while the rectangular waveguide would preferably have dimensions (height by width as shown in Figure 1) of 15.5mm by 13mm.
  • the above described probe configuration may result in high levels of coupling between the first and second probes and consequent poor isolation and high levels of cross-polarisation. It is therefore preferred to use a balanced feeding structure for one or both of the beamforming networks. This could consist of balanced probes which are excited out-of-phase at the centre of the operating frequency band, a single probe and a balancing printed "dummy" probe or a balancing probe which is fabricated as part of the first, third or fifth layers.
  • the balanced probes could be excited using a simple "T" power divider or, for improved broadband isolation, using a 180° hybrid coupler.
  • the present array antenna may also incorporate filters into the antenna feeding structure, either within the suspended stripline beamformers, or between the beamformers and connectors mounted on the rear of the antenna via which signals are communicated to/from the antenna.
  • the suspended stripline tracks 32 between the antenna elements may be replaced, at least in some locations, with suspended stripline filter structures.
  • a simple coaxial cable 33 may be connected between the connector 31 and the beamforming network.
  • the coaxial cable 33 joining the connector 31 to the beamforming network may be replaced by a coaxial filter 34.
  • path lengths within the beamformers should be kept to a minimum. This is particularly critical at the transmit frequency, where the additional power dissipation associated with the need to use higher power output amplifiers can be critical to the thermal management of the array antenna, the battery lifetime (if the array antenna is battery operated) and filtering requirements.
  • a further improvement could be the use of one of the beamforming networks as a dedicated transmit beamformer which is subdivided into a number of sub-arrays (so that multiple external connectors are attached to the transmit beamforming network rather than a single output port), each of which is fed using a filter connection described above through individual power amplifiers 29 (see Figure 4).
  • the input to each of amplifiers 29 may be provided from a single driver amplifier (not shown) through a (less loss critical) power divider and suitable coaxial cabling or a secondary beamformer (not shown) mounted on the rear of the array antenna.
EP00303284A 2000-04-18 2000-04-18 Antenne réseau plane Withdrawn EP1148583A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP00303284A EP1148583A1 (fr) 2000-04-18 2000-04-18 Antenne réseau plane
AU2001250419A AU2001250419A1 (en) 2000-04-18 2001-04-09 Planar array antenna
PCT/EP2001/004041 WO2001080365A1 (fr) 2000-04-18 2001-04-09 Antenne en reseau planaire
US10/257,627 US20030122724A1 (en) 2000-04-18 2001-04-09 Planar array antenna
EP01923718A EP1275172A1 (fr) 2000-04-18 2001-04-09 Antenne en reseau planaire

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP00303284A EP1148583A1 (fr) 2000-04-18 2000-04-18 Antenne réseau plane

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1148583A1 true EP1148583A1 (fr) 2001-10-24

Family

ID=8172928

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00303284A Withdrawn EP1148583A1 (fr) 2000-04-18 2000-04-18 Antenne réseau plane
EP01923718A Withdrawn EP1275172A1 (fr) 2000-04-18 2001-04-09 Antenne en reseau planaire

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01923718A Withdrawn EP1275172A1 (fr) 2000-04-18 2001-04-09 Antenne en reseau planaire

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20030122724A1 (fr)
EP (2) EP1148583A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2001250419A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001080365A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7142165B2 (en) 2002-01-29 2006-11-28 Era Patents Limited Waveguide and slotted antenna array with moveable rows of spaced posts
WO2018153129A1 (fr) * 2017-02-23 2018-08-30 华为技术有限公司 Appareil et procédé d'isolation d'antenne à double polarisation
US10236589B2 (en) * 2015-12-04 2019-03-19 Thales Active antenna architecture with reconfigurable hybrid beamforming

Families Citing this family (26)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7109939B2 (en) * 2002-05-14 2006-09-19 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Wideband antenna array
IL154525A (en) * 2003-02-18 2011-07-31 Starling Advanced Comm Ltd Low profile satellite communications antenna
JP4511406B2 (ja) * 2005-03-31 2010-07-28 株式会社デンソー 空中線装置
IL171450A (en) * 2005-10-16 2011-03-31 Starling Advanced Comm Ltd Antenna board
IL174549A (en) * 2005-10-16 2010-12-30 Starling Advanced Comm Ltd Dual polarization planar array antenna and cell elements therefor
US7466269B2 (en) * 2006-05-24 2008-12-16 Wavebender, Inc. Variable dielectric constant-based antenna and array
US7884779B2 (en) * 2006-05-24 2011-02-08 Wavebender, Inc. Multiple-input switch design
US7656358B2 (en) * 2006-05-24 2010-02-02 Wavebender, Inc. Antenna operable at two frequency bands simultaneously
US7554505B2 (en) * 2006-05-24 2009-06-30 Wavebender, Inc. Integrated waveguide antenna array
US7466281B2 (en) * 2006-05-24 2008-12-16 Wavebender, Inc. Integrated waveguide antenna and array
US7656359B2 (en) * 2006-05-24 2010-02-02 Wavebender, Inc. Apparatus and method for antenna RF feed
US7847749B2 (en) * 2006-05-24 2010-12-07 Wavebender, Inc. Integrated waveguide cavity antenna and reflector RF feed
US20080303739A1 (en) * 2007-06-07 2008-12-11 Thomas Edward Sharon Integrated multi-beam antenna receiving system with improved signal distribution
US8743004B2 (en) * 2008-12-12 2014-06-03 Dedi David HAZIZA Integrated waveguide cavity antenna and reflector dish
CA2831325A1 (fr) 2012-12-18 2014-06-18 Panasonic Avionics Corporation Calibrage de systeme d'antenne
CA2838861A1 (fr) 2013-02-12 2014-08-12 Panasonic Avionics Corporation Optimisation d'antennes a profil bas pour utilisation a l'equateur
US10361476B2 (en) * 2015-05-26 2019-07-23 Qualcomm Incorporated Antenna structures for wireless communications
US9966653B2 (en) * 2015-08-28 2018-05-08 Apple Inc. Antennas for electronic device with heat spreader
US10270186B2 (en) 2015-08-31 2019-04-23 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Antenna module and electronic device
US9923712B2 (en) 2016-08-01 2018-03-20 Movandi Corporation Wireless receiver with axial ratio and cross-polarization calibration
US10291296B2 (en) 2016-09-02 2019-05-14 Movandi Corporation Transceiver for multi-beam and relay with 5G application
US20180090814A1 (en) * 2016-09-28 2018-03-29 Movandi Corporation Phased Array Antenna Panel Having Cavities with RF Shields for Antenna Probes
US10199717B2 (en) 2016-11-18 2019-02-05 Movandi Corporation Phased array antenna panel having reduced passive loss of received signals
US10484078B2 (en) 2017-07-11 2019-11-19 Movandi Corporation Reconfigurable and modular active repeater device
EP3993567A1 (fr) * 2020-11-02 2022-05-04 AT & S Austria Technologie & Systemtechnik Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif basé sur un support de composant avec couplage d'antenne de composant électronique et couplage thermique sur côtés opposés
CN115986434B (zh) * 2023-03-16 2023-06-09 安徽大学 一种多入多出毫米波天线阵列

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SHELLEY M W ET AL: "A novel high efficiency, dual polarised, flat plate array", EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (CONF. PUBL. NO.370), EDINBURGH, UK, 30 MARCH-2 APRIL 1993, 1993, London, UK, IEE, UK, pages 372 - 375 vol.1, XP002148371, ISBN: 0-85296-572-9 *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7142165B2 (en) 2002-01-29 2006-11-28 Era Patents Limited Waveguide and slotted antenna array with moveable rows of spaced posts
US10236589B2 (en) * 2015-12-04 2019-03-19 Thales Active antenna architecture with reconfigurable hybrid beamforming
WO2018153129A1 (fr) * 2017-02-23 2018-08-30 华为技术有限公司 Appareil et procédé d'isolation d'antenne à double polarisation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2001080365A1 (fr) 2001-10-25
EP1275172A1 (fr) 2003-01-15
AU2001250419A1 (en) 2001-10-30
US20030122724A1 (en) 2003-07-03

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