EP1146542A1 - Apparei et procédé pour augmenter la puissance d'un tube à rayons X par charge thermique de la cible - Google Patents

Apparei et procédé pour augmenter la puissance d'un tube à rayons X par charge thermique de la cible Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1146542A1
EP1146542A1 EP01300568A EP01300568A EP1146542A1 EP 1146542 A1 EP1146542 A1 EP 1146542A1 EP 01300568 A EP01300568 A EP 01300568A EP 01300568 A EP01300568 A EP 01300568A EP 1146542 A1 EP1146542 A1 EP 1146542A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
angle
target
degrees
electron
ray tube
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP01300568A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Eric Lifshin
Amy Linsebigler Smentkowski
Lembit Salasoo
Subhasish Roy Choudhury
William Guy Morris
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Co
Original Assignee
General Electric Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US09/547,242 external-priority patent/US6421422B1/en
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Publication of EP1146542A1 publication Critical patent/EP1146542A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J35/02—Details
    • H01J35/14—Arrangements for concentrating, focusing, or directing the cathode ray
    • H01J35/147—Spot size control

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to X-ray tubes, and more particularly to an X-ray tube having a higher ratio of X-ray energy flux to power deposited in the target.
  • X-ray devices used in the medical field contain an X-ray tube which typically includes a cathode which is heated to emit a beam of electrons, a (typically rotating) anode having a target with a surface facing the cathode, and a surrounding glass and/or metal frame containing an X-ray-transparent window secured by a window mount.
  • the cathode is oriented such that the electrons strike a focal spot on the target surface at an angle which is generally ninety degrees with respect to the target surface.
  • Some emitted electrons strike the target surface and produce X-rays, and some of the X-rays exit the frame as an X-ray beam through the X-ray-transparent window.
  • the X-ray window is positioned such that it receives X-rays which leave the target surface at an angle of generally seven degrees with respect to the target surface.
  • Some emitted electrons do not produce X-rays and may be back-scattered when they strike the target surface. Many of the back-scattered electrons go on to strike and heat the frame including the X-ray-transparent window and the window mount.
  • the frame is also heated from within by other sources such as thermal radiation.
  • the heated frame is typically cooled by a liquid coolant, such as oil or water, located between the frame and a surrounding casing having its own X-ray-transparent window.
  • an X-ray tube assembly comprising: a) an X-ray tube anode including an X-ray-producing target having a surface; b) an X-ray tube cathode having an electron-beam axis, wherein the electron-beam axis intersects the surface of the target at a focal point, wherein the electron-beam axis is oriented at a first angle with respect to the surface of the target, and wherein the first angle is between and including fifteen degrees and sixty degrees; and c) an X-ray tube window including a surface having a center point, wherein a line between the focal and center points makes a second angle with respect to the surface of the target.
  • the first angle may be between and including fifteen degrees and thirty degrees, and the second angle may be between and including five degrees and fifteen degrees.
  • the first angle may be generally twenty degrees, and the second angle may be generally seven degrees.
  • the electron-beam axis and the center point may define a plane which is oriented generally perpendicular to the surface of the target.
  • the X-ray tube cathode may generate electrons which strike the target producing X-rays having energies less than generally two hundred kilovolts.
  • an X-ray tube assembly comprising: a) an X-ray tube anode including an X-ray-producing target having a surface; b) an X-ray tube cathode having an electron-beam axis, wherein the electron-beam axis intersects the surface of the target at a focal point, wherein the electron-beam axis is oriented at a first angle with respect to the surface of the target, wherein the first angle is between and including fifteen degrees and sixty degrees, and wherein the X-ray tube cathode generates electrons which strike the target producing X-rays having energies less than generally two hundred kilovolts; and c) an X-ray tube window including a surface having a center point, wherein a line between the focal and center points makes a second angle with respect to the surface of the target, wherein the second angle is less than the first angle, and wherein the electron-beam axis and the center point define a
  • the first angle may be between and including fifteen degrees and thirty degrees, and the second angle may be between and including five degrees and fifteen degrees.
  • the first angle may be generally twenty degrees, and the second angle may be generally seven degrees.
  • a method for producing X-rays comprising the following steps: a) generating a beam of electrons, wherein the beam has an electron-beam axis; b) orienting the beam of electrons to strike a focal spot on a surface of an X-ray-producing target to produce X-rays such that the electron-beam axis makes a first angle with respect to the surface of the target and such that the first angle is between and including fifteen degrees and sixty degrees; and c) utilizing those X-rays which make a second angle with respect to the surface of the target.
  • the first angle may be between and including fifteen degrees and thirty degrees, and the second angle may be between and including five degrees and fifteen degrees.
  • the first angle may be generally twenty degrees, and the second angle may be generally seven degrees.
  • the step c) may include utilizing those X-rays which, together with the electron-beam axis, define a plane oriented generally perpendicular to the surface of the target.
  • the step b) may produce X-rays having energies less than generally two hundred kilovolts.
  • a method for producing X-rays comprising the following steps: a) generating a beam of electrons, wherein the beam has an electron-beam axis; b) orienting the beam of electrons to strike a focal spot on a surface of an X-ray-producing target to produce X-rays having energies less than generally two hundred kilovolts such that the electron-beam axis makes a first angle with respect to the surface of the target and such that the first angle is between and including fifteen degrees and sixty degrees; and c) utilizing those X-rays which make a second angle with respect to the surface of the target, wherein the second angle is less than the first angle, and which, together with the electron-beam axis, define a plane oriented generally perpendicular to the surface of the target.
  • the first angle may be between and including fifteen degrees and thirty degrees, and the second angle may be between and including five degrees and fifteen degrees.
  • the first angle may be generally twenty degrees, and the second angle may be generally seven degrees.
  • an X-ray tube assembly includes an X-ray tube anode, an X-ray tube cathode, and an X-ray tube window.
  • the anode includes an X-ray-producing target having a surface.
  • the cathode has an electron-beam axis.
  • the electron-beam axis intersects the target surface at a focal point, and the electron-beam axis is oriented at a first angle with respect to the surface of the target.
  • the first angle is between and including fifteen degrees and sixty degrees.
  • the window includes a surface having a center point, and a line between the focal and center points makes a second angle with respect to the target surface.
  • an X-ray tube assembly in a second expression of an embodiment of the invention, includes an X-ray tube anode, an X-ray tube cathode, and an X-ray tube window.
  • the anode includes an X-ray-producing target having a surface.
  • the cathode has an electron-beam axis. The electron-beam axis intersects the target surface at a focal point, and the electron-beam axis is oriented at a first angle with respect to the surface of the target. The first angle is between and including fifteen degrees and sixty degrees.
  • the X-ray tube cathode produces electrons which strike the target producing X-rays having energies less than generally two hundred kilovolts.
  • the window includes a surface having a center point, and a line between the focal and center points makes a second angle with respect to the target surface.
  • the second angle is less than the first angle.
  • the electron-beam axis and the center point define a plane which is oriented generally perpendicular to the target surface.
  • a first method of the invention is for producing X-rays and includes steps a) through c).
  • Step a) includes generating a beam of electrons, wherein the beam has an electron-beam axis.
  • Step b) includes orienting the beam of electrons to strike a focal spot on a surface of an X-ray-producing target to generate X-rays such that the electron-beam axis makes a first angle with respect to the surface of the X-ray target and such that the first angle is between and including fifteen degrees and sixty degrees.
  • Step c) includes utilizing those X-rays which make a second angle with respect to the surface of the target.
  • a second method of the invention is for producing X-rays and includes steps a) through c).
  • Step a) includes generating a beam of electrons, wherein the beam has an electron-beam axis.
  • Step b) includes orienting the beam of electrons to strike a focal spot on a surface of an X-ray-producing target to generate X-rays having energies less than generally two hundred kilovolts such that the electron-beam axis makes a first angle with respect to the surface of the X-ray target and such that the first angle is between and including fifteen degrees and sixty degrees.
  • Step c) includes utilizing those X-rays which make a second angle with respect to the surface of the target, wherein the second angle is less than the first angle, and which, together with the electron-beam axis, define a plane oriented generally perpendicular to the surface of the target.
  • the enhancement is computed in comparison to the X-ray energy flux of the prior art design wherein beta is seven degrees and alpha is ninety degrees, wherein the deposited power (i.e., the thermal load measured by temperature) and focal-spot temperature in the target is the same in the inventive and prior-art designs, and wherein the X-ray spectra of the inventive design is filtered to obtain the same mean photon (i.e., X-ray) energy as that of the prior-art design, for proper comparison, as can be appreciated by those skilled in the art.
  • An enhancement of 1.5 means a fifty percent increase in X-ray power output for the same thermal load and focal-spot temperature in the target for the inventive design compared to the prior-art design. It also means the X-ray tube of the inventive design can be operated at the same X-ray power output, but at a lower temperature (to increase tube life) compared to the X-ray tube of the prior-art design.
  • Figure 1 schematically shows an embodiment of the X-ray tube assembly 10 of the present invention.
  • the X-ray tube assembly 10 includes an X-ray tube anode 12, an X-ray tube cathode 14, and an X-ray tube window 16.
  • the anode 12 includes an X-ray-producing target 18 having a surface 20.
  • the cathode 14 has an electron-beam axis 22.
  • the electron-beam axis 22 intersects the surface 20 of the target 18 at a focal point 24, and the electron-beam axis 22 is oriented at a first angle 26 with respect to the surface 20 of the target 18.
  • the first angle 26 is between and including fifteen degrees and sixty degrees.
  • the window 16 is an X-ray transparent window, as is known to those skilled in the art, and includes a surface 28 having a center point 30.
  • the center point 30 is a geometric center point. For example, when the surface of the window has a shape of a rectangle, the center point is the intersection of the diagonals of the rectangle.
  • a line 32 between the focal and center points 24 and 30 makes a second angle 34 with respect to the surface 20 of the target 18.
  • the first angle 26 is between and including fifteen and thirty degrees, and the second angle 34 is between and including five degrees and fifteen degrees. In another design, the first angle 26 is generally twenty degrees, and the second angle is generally seven degrees.
  • the terminology "generally x degrees” means x degrees plus or minus two degrees.
  • the electron-beam axis 22 and the center point 30 define a plane (i.e., the plane of the paper of Figure 1) which is oriented generally perpendicular to the surface 20 of the target 18.
  • the terminology "generally perpendicular” means perpendicular plus or minus two degrees.
  • the cathode 14 produces electrons (aligned with and centered about the electron-beam axis 22) which strike the target 18 producing X-rays having energies less than generally two hundred kilovolts, wherein some of the X-rays which are aligned with and centered about line 32 pass through the window 16 and are used for various purposes such as medical diagnosis.
  • X-rays used for medical diagnosis have energies less than generally two hundred kilovolts.
  • the terminology "less than generally two hundred kilovolts" means less than two hundred five kilovolts.
  • the electron-beam axis 22 is a directional line indicating the direction of travel of those electrons whose trajectories coincide with the electron-beam axis 22. It also is noted that line 32 is a directional line indicating the direction of travel of those X-rays whose trajectories coincide with line 32. In one embodiment, the second angle 34 is less than the first angle 26.
  • the X-ray tube assembly 10 includes an X-ray tube anode 12, an X-ray tube cathode 14, and an X-ray tube window 16.
  • the anode 12 includes an X-ray-producing target 18 having a surface 20.
  • the cathode 14 has an electron-beam axis 22.
  • the electron-beam axis 22 intersects the surface 20 of the target 18 at a focal point 24, and the electron-beam axis 22 is oriented at a first angle 26 with respect to the surface 20 of the target 18.
  • the first angle 26 is between and including fifteen degrees and sixty degrees.
  • the cathode 14 produces electrons which strike the target 18 producing X-rays having energies less than generally two hundred kilovolts.
  • the window 16 is an X-ray transparent window, as is known to those skilled in the art, and includes a surface 28 having a center point 30.
  • the center point 30 is a geometric center point.
  • a line 32 between the focal and center points 24 and 30 makes a second angle 34 with respect to the surface 20 of the target 18.
  • the second angle 34 is less than the first angle 26.
  • the electron-beam axis 22 and the center point 30 define a plane (i.e., the plane of the paper of Figure 1) which is oriented generally perpendicular to the surface 20 of the target 18.
  • the first angle 26 is between and including fifteen and thirty degrees
  • the second angle 34 is between and including five degrees and fifteen degrees.
  • the first angle 26 is generally twenty degrees, and the second angle is generally seven degrees.
  • a first method of the invention is for producing X-rays and includes steps a) through c).
  • Step a) includes generating a beam of electrons, wherein the beam has an electron-beam axis 22.
  • Step b) includes orienting the beam of electrons to strike a focal spot (having a geometric center called a focal point 24) on a surface 20 of an X-ray-producing target 18 to produce X-rays such that the electron-beam axis 22 makes a first angle 26 with respect to the surface 20 of the target 18 and such that the first angle 26 is between and including fifteen degrees and sixty degrees.
  • Step c) includes utilizing those X-rays which make a second angle 34 with respect to the surface 20 of the target 18.
  • the first angle 26 is between and including fifteen degrees and thirty degrees, and the second angle 34 is between and including five degrees and fifteen degrees.
  • the first angle 26 is generally twenty degrees, and the second angle is generally seven degrees.
  • step c) includes utilizing those X-rays which, together with the electron-beam axis 22, define a plane oriented generally perpendicular to the surface 20 of the target 18.
  • step b) producing X-rays having an energy less than generally two hundred kilovolts.
  • the second angle 34 is less than the first angle 26
  • a second method of the invention is for producing X-rays and includes steps a) through c).
  • Step a) includes generating a beam of electrons, wherein the beam has an electron-beam axis 22.
  • Step b) includes orienting the beam of electrons to strike a focal spot (having a geometric center called a focal point 24) on a surface 20 of an X-ray-producing target 18 to produce X-rays having energies less than generally two hundred kilovolts such that the electron-beam axis 22 makes a first angle 26 with respect to the surface 20 of the target 18 and such that the first angle 26 is between and including fifteen degrees and sixty degrees.
  • Step c) includes utilizing those X-rays which make a second angle 34 with respect to the surface 20 of the target 18, wherein the second angle 34 is less than the first angle 26, and which, together with the electron-beam axis 22, define a plane oriented generally perpendicular to the surface 20 of the target 18.
  • the first angle 26 is between and including fifteen degrees and thirty degrees
  • the second angle 34 is between and including five degrees and fifteen degrees.
  • the first angle 26 is generally twenty degrees
  • the second angle is generally seven degrees.
  • enhancement is meant the X-ray energy flux for different values of the first and second angles were divided by the X-ray energy flux obtained using a prior-art design of a ninety-degree first angle 26 (i.e., alpha equals ninety degrees) and a seven-degree second angle 34 (i.e., beta equals seven degrees), wherein the deposited power (i.e., the thermal load measured by temperature) in the target 18 is the same in the inventive and prior-art designs, and wherein the X-ray spectra of the inventive design is filtered to obtain the same mean photon (i.e., X-ray) energy as that of the prior-art design, for proper comparison, as can be appreciated by those skilled in the art.
  • the deposited power i.e., the thermal load measured by temperature
  • An enhancement of 1.5 means a fifty percent increase in X-ray power output for the same thermal load on the target 18 for the inventive design compared to the prior-art design. It also means the X-ray tube assembly 10 of the inventive design can be operated at the same X-ray power output, but at a lower temperature (to increase tube life) compared to the X-ray tube assembly of the prior-art design.
  • Applicants also performed Monte-Carlo computer-program simulations based on an electron-microscopy computer code optimized for 100 - 150 kilovolts using the experimental data to benchmark the computer program.
  • the results of the benchmarked Monte-Carlo simulations are presented in Figure 2 as an x-y contour-map plot of X-ray energy flux enhancement with the y-axis representing alpha (i.e., the first angle 26) and the x-axis representing beta (i.e., the second angle 34).
  • Applicants found a "sweet spot" where the enhancement is at least 1.5 (i.e. the area on and within the enclosed 1.50 contour line in Figure 2.
  • constructing X-ray tubes with an alpha (i.e., first angle 26) of less than fifteen degrees and/or with a beta (i.e., second angle 34) of less than five degrees presents mechanical-design difficulties, as can be appreciated by those skilled in the art. It also is noted that modifying a prior-art X-ray tube design having an alpha of ninety degrees and a beta of seven degrees to have an alpha of generally twenty degrees while keeping beta at generally seven degrees will result in an X-ray energy flux enhancement of close to 1.50 as seen from Figures 2 and 3 while minimizing mechanical-design difficulties.
  • first angle 26 between and including fifteen and thirty degrees
  • beta second angle 34

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  • X-Ray Techniques (AREA)
EP01300568A 2000-04-11 2001-01-23 Apparei et procédé pour augmenter la puissance d'un tube à rayons X par charge thermique de la cible Ceased EP1146542A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US547242 2000-04-11
US09/547,242 US6421422B1 (en) 1999-08-25 2000-04-11 Apparatus and method for increasing X-ray tube power per target thermal load

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EP1146542A1 true EP1146542A1 (fr) 2001-10-17

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EP (1) EP1146542A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4759148B2 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2508707A (en) * 2012-10-17 2014-06-11 Rigaku Denki Co Ltd X-ray generating tube comprising a permanent focusing magnet

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5370965B2 (ja) * 2009-10-14 2013-12-18 株式会社東芝 Ｘ線管及びｘ線管装置

Citations (15)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3719846A (en) * 1970-02-25 1973-03-06 Philips Corp X-ray tube
US4309637A (en) * 1979-11-13 1982-01-05 Emi Limited Rotating anode X-ray tube
JPS5859546A (ja) * 1981-10-02 1983-04-08 Toshiba Corp 回転陽極型ｘ線管
US4392235A (en) * 1979-08-16 1983-07-05 General Electric Company Electronically scanned x-ray tomography system
EP0163321A1 (fr) * 1984-05-31 1985-12-04 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Tube à rayons X
EP0210076A2 (fr) * 1985-07-24 1987-01-28 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Dispositif à tube à rayons X
JPH01134842A (ja) * 1987-11-19 1989-05-26 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Ｘ線発生装置
US5029195A (en) * 1985-08-13 1991-07-02 Michael Danos Apparatus and methods of producing an optimal high intensity x-ray beam
US5128977A (en) * 1990-08-24 1992-07-07 Michael Danos X-ray tube
US5206895A (en) * 1990-08-24 1993-04-27 Michael Danos X-ray tube
EP0584871A1 (fr) * 1992-08-27 1994-03-02 Dagang Dr. Tan Tube à rayons X ayant une anode en mode de transmission
DE19509006A1 (de) * 1995-03-13 1996-09-19 Siemens Ag Röntgenröhre
DE19513289A1 (de) * 1995-04-07 1996-10-10 Siemens Ag Röntgenröhre mit einer Verstelleinheit
US5751784A (en) * 1996-09-27 1998-05-12 Kevex X-Ray X-ray tube
US5828727A (en) * 1996-07-04 1998-10-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft X-ray tube

Patent Citations (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3719846A (en) * 1970-02-25 1973-03-06 Philips Corp X-ray tube
US4392235A (en) * 1979-08-16 1983-07-05 General Electric Company Electronically scanned x-ray tomography system
US4309637A (en) * 1979-11-13 1982-01-05 Emi Limited Rotating anode X-ray tube
JPS5859546A (ja) * 1981-10-02 1983-04-08 Toshiba Corp 回転陽極型ｘ線管
EP0163321A1 (fr) * 1984-05-31 1985-12-04 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Tube à rayons X
EP0210076A2 (fr) * 1985-07-24 1987-01-28 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Dispositif à tube à rayons X
US5029195A (en) * 1985-08-13 1991-07-02 Michael Danos Apparatus and methods of producing an optimal high intensity x-ray beam
JPH01134842A (ja) * 1987-11-19 1989-05-26 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Ｘ線発生装置
US5128977A (en) * 1990-08-24 1992-07-07 Michael Danos X-ray tube
US5206895A (en) * 1990-08-24 1993-04-27 Michael Danos X-ray tube
EP0584871A1 (fr) * 1992-08-27 1994-03-02 Dagang Dr. Tan Tube à rayons X ayant une anode en mode de transmission
DE19509006A1 (de) * 1995-03-13 1996-09-19 Siemens Ag Röntgenröhre
DE19513289A1 (de) * 1995-04-07 1996-10-10 Siemens Ag Röntgenröhre mit einer Verstelleinheit
US5828727A (en) * 1996-07-04 1998-10-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft X-ray tube
US5751784A (en) * 1996-09-27 1998-05-12 Kevex X-Ray X-ray tube

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 013, no. 383 (E - 811) 24 August 1989 (1989-08-24) *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2508707A (en) * 2012-10-17 2014-06-11 Rigaku Denki Co Ltd X-ray generating tube comprising a permanent focusing magnet
US9159524B2 (en) 2012-10-17 2015-10-13 Rigaku Corporation X-ray generating apparatus
GB2508707B (en) * 2012-10-17 2017-07-19 Rigaku Denki Co Ltd X-ray generating apparatus

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Publication number Publication date
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