EP1144963A1 - Dispositif de mesure du niveau dans un recipient au moyen de thermoelements - Google Patents

Dispositif de mesure du niveau dans un recipient au moyen de thermoelements

Info

Publication number
EP1144963A1
EP1144963A1 EP98965873A EP98965873A EP1144963A1 EP 1144963 A1 EP1144963 A1 EP 1144963A1 EP 98965873 A EP98965873 A EP 98965873A EP 98965873 A EP98965873 A EP 98965873A EP 1144963 A1 EP1144963 A1 EP 1144963A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sensors
measuring
thermocouples
carrier
reference sensors
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP98965873A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Gottfried Domorazek
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kromberg and Schubert GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Kromberg and Schubert GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kromberg and Schubert GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Kromberg and Schubert GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP1144963A1 publication Critical patent/EP1144963A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49004—Electrical device making including measuring or testing of device or component part
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49082—Resistor making
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49082—Resistor making
    • Y10T29/49083—Heater type
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49117—Conductor or circuit manufacturing
    • Y10T29/49124—On flat or curved insulated base, e.g., printed circuit, etc.
    • Y10T29/49155—Manufacturing circuit on or in base

Definitions

  • thermocouples for measuring the level in a container by means of thermocouples
  • thermocouples are used for the measurement.
  • This measurement is based on the physical effect that the thermal voltage of a thermocouple changes depending on whether its connection points come into thermal contact with the liquid below a liquid level or with a gas above the liquid level.
  • One connection point in the thermocouple is heated by an electrical heating conductor and the heating current is regulated in the process. Therefore, this point should be referred to as a "warm connection point”.
  • the other connection point is unheated and should therefore be called a "cold connection point”.
  • the respective fill level can be determined with a family of thermocouples arranged at a defined height inside the container. These thermocouples act as measuring sensors.
  • thermocouples In the known device of this type (DE 44 34 646 AI) one or more further thermocouples are used, the warm connection point of which Heating current of the same electrical heating conductor as those of the measuring sensors are heated. These further thermocouples are used to regulate the heating current, a reference voltage being used as the reference variable for the regulation. These further thermocouples are to be referred to in the following for short as “reference sensors”.
  • thermocouples of the measuring sensors are arranged in a row one above the other in the known device, the warm connection points being aligned and aligned with the course of an electrical heating conductor, and the cold connection points are also aligned away from this
  • Thermocouples in this series require connecting lines that connect the cold to the hot connection point, which requires space between thermocouples if one arranges such a connecting line on the same carrier on which the two materials of the thermocouple are arranged. This space requirement precludes a closer arrangement of adjacent thermocouples, which leads to a corresponding gradation of the accessible measuring sensors. You could also move the connecting lines to another level, but this requires a larger construction effort.
  • the invention has for its object to develop a measurement-accurate, reliable device of the type mentioned in the preamble of claim 1, which is space-saving. This is achieved according to the invention by the measures specified in the characterizing part of claim 1, which have the following special significance.
  • thermocouples in two adjacent rows makes connecting lines superfluous.
  • the space won by this becomes used for the arrangement of a further thermocouple of the adjacent row.
  • a high resolution of the measured values is obtained.
  • thermocouples one after the other by sputtering onto the carrier, as proposed in claim 2.
  • the one material e.g. an alloy of chromium-nickel sputtered in two rows in an L-shape onto the carrier, after which the other material, e.g. Constantan, applied in two rows in I-shape on the carrier; where the ends overlap as stated in claim 3.
  • the invention also solves this by the measures specified in claim 4.
  • the reference sensors are arranged together with the measuring sensors inside the container. Interconnecting them is particularly easy.
  • the container itself takes over the protective function for the reference sensors placed inside.
  • the control effect of the reference sensors is retained because their connection points are brought into contact with a body with unchangeable thermal thermal conductivity. This can be done by thermal insulation, which protects the connection points of the reference sensors from the liquid.
  • a body of constant thermal conductivity could also be a plastic body.
  • the measuring sensors and reference sensors are insulated from the associated electrical heating conductors.
  • Measuring device of a first embodiment of the device according to the invention where the components of a measuring and a control device are arranged on the same carrier,
  • FIG. 3 shows a circuit diagram of a first exemplary embodiment of the device shown in FIG. 2,
  • thermocouples of the measuring sensors of a second exemplary embodiment of the device according to the invention where the reference sensors are located on a separate carrier
  • Fig. 7 shows a corresponding fragment of a third mask for
  • FIG. 11 shows the schematic top view of a casing accommodating the measuring device of FIG. 3,
  • FIG. 14 in a plan view corresponding to FIG. 1 1, a section of an alternatively designed casing of the device according to the invention from FIG. 3,
  • FIG. 16 again shows a cross section, analogous to FIG. 15, of another modified embodiment of the device according to the invention.
  • the device 10 can serve to determine the respective filling content of a container 11.
  • this consists of the fuel tank 11 of a vehicle.
  • the device according to FIGS. 1 to 3 comprises 19 inside the container Combined measuring device designated by 12, which is connected via connection and control lines 18 to an electrical evaluation device 13 and a display 14, for example in the form of a display device.
  • a liquid 15, for example fuel is located in the interior of the container, with a changing fill level 16 depending on the liquid consumption.
  • the fill level 16 is determined, for example, by the electrical circuit shown in FIG. 3, the measuring device 12 following the general construction principle illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • a measuring device part 66 for measuring sensors according to FIGS. 4 and 10 in this way, to which an analog further measuring device part for reference sensors with an analog structure, which will be described in more detail below, is assigned.
  • this other measuring device part can then also be arranged outside the tank, provided that it is ensured that the temperature difference between the measuring medium and this other measuring device part is limited and e.g. does not exceed + 20 ° C.
  • Both the measuring device 12 and the measuring device part 66 use a multiplicity of thermocouples 20, the construction of which will be explained with reference to FIG. 4.
  • thermocouples 20 are arranged in two rows 71, 72 and consist of two different materials 21, 22 that are identical in the two rows 71, 72.
  • one material 21 may be a nickel Chromium alloy, while the other material 22 consists of constantan, for example.
  • These materials 21, 22 are applied to the front side 26 of a sheet-like carrier 25, which is advantageously designed as a film.
  • Polyimide or polyether ether ketone (PEK) is suitable as the material for the film.
  • the materials 21, 22 can be applied by printing or vapor deposition, but a coating by sputtering has proven particularly useful in the particular structure chosen. For this, the from Fig. 5 to 7 visible masks used.
  • the mask 67 naturally also has a cutout for the first connecting lug 77 to be formed of the two future thermocouple rows 71, 72.
  • the two ends 79, 79 'of the long L-legs 74, 74' are a certain amount in the two rows 71, 72 laterally offset from one another.
  • the aforementioned first material 21 is also applied to the front side 26 of the carrier film 25 by a second mask 68 according to FIG. 6 and, after sputtering, produces the second connecting lug 78 which can be seen in FIG. 4. Only then does a third mask which can be seen in FIG. 7 come 69 for use, which has two rows of I-shaped cutouts 80, 80 '. These then produce the I-shaped fields 83, 83 'shown in FIG. 4 in the two rows 71, 72.
  • the two I-fields 83, 83' are identical to the aforementioned L both in terms of their length and in terms of their width and position Fields 73, 73 'exactly aligned.
  • the two inward-facing end regions 82, 82 'of the I fields 83, 83' overlap with the long legs 74, 74 'of the respective L fields 73, 73' located in the opposite row 72 and 71, respectively. These overlaps lie, for example, on a line 84 indicated by dash-dotted lines in FIG. 4, approximately in the longitudinal center between the two rows of thermocouples 71, 72 to be formed.
  • the two end regions 81, 81 'of the two I fields 83, 83, each pointing outwards 'in overlap with the ends of the two short L-legs 75, 75' of the respectively adjacent L-fields 73 ', 73.
  • These outer ones Overlaps of 81, 75 and 81 ', 75' are located in the edge zones of the two rows 71, 72.
  • FIG. 10 shows a cross section through a finished measuring device part 66, from which the further process for the construction can be seen.
  • a heating conductor 28 is applied to the back 27 of the film 25, which runs, approximately in the longitudinal center of the film 25, in alignment with the line 84 shown in FIG. 4.
  • the overlaps of 79, 82 'and 79', 82 which occur in the longitudinal center between the two rows 71, 72 prove to be the warm connection point 23 which is decisive for the thermocouples 20.
  • the heating conductor 28 can also be applied to the rear side of the film 27 by printing or vapor deposition, it is also advisable to use the sputtering method here, for which the masks 85, 86 shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 are used.
  • Silver is advantageously used as the material for the heating conductor.
  • the mask 85 has a narrow slot 88, the dimensions of which are adapted to the strength of the heating current and the desired temperature increase of the warm connection point 23. At the end of the slot 88 there are widened connection areas, the heating of which is undesirable.
  • the second mask 86 is used to apply an adjacent silver interconnect, for which purpose a widened slot 87 with end connection points is provided.
  • the current feedback 89 for the heating conductor 28, which can be seen in FIG. 10 is generated, which should not be heated by the heating current during operation.
  • the preliminary product thus produced is finally coated on all sides with a plasma polymer layer 90.
  • This layer 90 is also applied by means of the sputtering method. It forms an excellent barrier layer against the diffusion of foreign atoms into the film. Modified silicon-hydrocarbon layers are suitable as plasma polymers.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 show an exemplary embodiment which is modified compared to the measuring device part 66 of FIGS. 4 and 10, where the thermocouples 20 are divided into two branches 34, 44 which are functionally different from one another and are subsequently described as two, here in a common one Measuring device 12 generate combined measuring sensors 43 and reference sensors 33.
  • the thermocouples 20 are shown in a conventional manner per se, but the same thermocouple structure from the double rows 71, 72 shown in FIG. 4 will expediently be used there.
  • Both the measuring sensors 43 and the reference sensors 33 are heated at their warm connection points 23 by a suitable course of the same electrical heating line 28.
  • the structure and the number of the two sensors 33, 43 are the same, but also expediently their arrangement pattern 34, 44 on the preferably common carrier film 25, as can be seen in FIG. 3.
  • the measuring sensors 34, 44 are arranged at different, but defined heights in the container interior 19, as required by the desired level 16 to be measured.
  • This structure is also reflected in the arrangement of the reference sensors 33, although the thermocouples 20 in the reference branch 44 should not respond to differences in the fill level 16, which will be explained in more detail below.
  • This symmetrical design of the sensors 33, 43 on both sides allows, because of their pattern identity, a particularly simple and quick production of both branches 34, 44.
  • FIG. 12 shows an alternative to the embodiment of FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • a cover 50 is provided there, which may also directly contact the sensors 33, 34 with the respective ones prevents aggressive media.
  • the shell consists of a very thin metal foil 50 which, however, remains thermally permeable, especially in the area of the measuring sensors 43.
  • the metal foil 50 therefore has a minimum thickness of, for example, 3 to 8 ⁇ m.
  • the respective measuring sensors 43 with their cold connection points 24 can feel the different thermal conductivity of the liquid 15 and the gas 17.
  • the metal foil 50 also acts as a vapor barrier and is soldered to its seam 54 shown in FIG. 12. As is illustrated at 65 in FIG. 3, the metal foil 50 is connected to ground potential and additionally serves to shield electromagnetic fields. Cover foils 52, 53 are arranged between the metal foil 50 and the carrier foil 25 provided with the various thermocouples 20 and lines, which serve for the electrical insulation of the metallic foil 25 from the thermocouples 20.
  • the metal foil 50 is preferably made of copper or copper alloys, such as CuZn or CuNi (constantan).
  • thermocouples 20 of both the entire group of measuring sensors 43 in branch 44 and the entire group of reference sensors 33 in branch 34 are each connected in series.
  • the associated two connections 45, 46 and 35, 36, as shown in FIG. 2 are led out of the enveloping metal foil 50, taking electrical insulation into account, whereby according to the circuit shown in FIG. 3, one connection 35, 45 is connected to ground potential can.
  • Another circuit could also be used.
  • a series connection one could also use a parallel connection of the respective thermocouples 20 and undertake an evaluation of the thermal current, because in this case the thermal voltage would be constant.
  • Both the warm connection points 23 of the measuring sensors 43, which are kept at a higher temperature by the electrical heating line 28, and the cold connection points 24 are in thermal contact with the respective environment outside the casing 50. Because of the different ones already mentioned The thermal conductivity of the two media 15, 17 brings the connection points 23, 24 to a correspondingly different temperature level in accordance with the different height of the liquid level 29.
  • the portion of the measuring sensors 43 which can be seen in FIG. 2 and which is located in the height region of the liquid 15 comes to a lower temperature than the remaining portion 48 above the liquid level 29 in this region because of the good thermal conductivity, because the gaseous medium 17 located there the heat generated dissipates poorly. At different fill level 16, this leads to a different measuring voltage at connection 46 of FIG. 3, which is determined in the subsequent measuring circuit 40 of the evaluation device 13 mentioned.
  • the measuring circuit 40 there is a reference voltage source 41 opposite the ground potential, which acts on one input of an operational amplifier 42.
  • the measuring voltage Uv card occurring at 46 is fed via an impedance converter 49 to the other input of the operational amplifier 42 and supplies an output signal on the output line 60. controls a digital level indicator.
  • Another possibility is to send the output signal 60 to an analog display 14 according to FIG. 1 via a voltage-current converter.
  • the output signal 60 depends on the fill level 16, which can be read from the aforementioned switching means in the display or the analog display 14. Using suitable threshold switches, the output signal can also be used to control a suitable reserve indicator for the fill level 16.
  • the invention ensures that the reference sensors 33 are not influenced by the different measuring level 16 between the two media 15, 17, but, despite their parallel position with respect to the measuring sensors in the container interior 19, always find the same thermal thermal conductivity at their connecting points 23, 24. Generally speaking, thermal insulation is used for this, which expediently covers the entire branch 34 of the reference sensors 33. This is explained in FIGS. 11 to 16 in different exemplary embodiments.
  • a continuous airbag 55 is used as insulation, which sits on the outside of the metal foil 50. It covers the entire field, indicated by dash-dotted lines in FIG. 11, with the Zwegi 34 of the reference sensors 33.
  • the field with the branch 44 of the measuring sensors 43, which is illustrated in an analogous manner in FIG. 11, is of course free of this.
  • a foam layer 56 is used as thermal insulation, which in this case also sits on the outside of the metal foil 50.
  • the two cover foils 52, 53 are used as carriers for the foam layers 56 on both sides. So here is the foam 56 inside 51 of the sheath 50.
  • air chambers 57 are used for thermal insulation, which can be individually assigned to the reference sensors 33.
  • these air chambers 57 are likewise located on the outside of the metal foil 50.
  • the air chambers 57 could also be arranged on the inside of the metal foil 50.
  • Other alternatives would also be to integrate such thermal insulation means directly into the cover foils 52, 53, for example, by forming them in a particularly large thickness at the locations or zones of the reference sensors 33.
  • the reference sensors 33 serve to regulate the heating current flowing in the heating circuit 30, which comes from a voltage source 37 located in the heating circuit 30.
  • the branch 34 represents the “sensing element” of the control circuit 62, the actuator 38 of which is arranged in the heating circuit 30 and is used to adjust the heating current.
  • the reference thermal voltage URef occurring at the connection point 36 is applied via an impedance converter 59 to one input of an operational amplifier 58, the latter other input to an adjustable but fixed reference voltage source 39 is connected.
  • the output signal on the output line 61 from the operational amplifier 58 controls the actuator 38 in the heating circuit 30. If the electrical resistance of the heating line 28 changes due to temperature influences or aging effects or due to fluctuations in the supply voltage, the heating current is corrected via the control circuit 62.
  • thermocouples 20 can have different thermal voltages at the same temperature. With a sufficiently large number of thermocouples 20 in the two branches 34, 44, however, the different thermal voltages equalize. Measurement errors can arise depending on the ambient temperature, but these are completely corrected in the device according to the invention for the following reason.
  • thermocouples 20 Even if the temperature difference ⁇ T between the cold and warm connection point 24, 23 remains constant, an increase in the ambient temperature in the thermocouples 20 causes an increase in the thermal voltage.
  • the thermal voltage of the individual elements 20 in the reference branch 34 and in the measuring branch 44 increases by the same amount.
  • the heating current in the heating loop 30 is regulated down until the reference voltage U R e f occurring at 36 assumes the original value again.
  • the heating current in the heating circuit 30 thus drops and the measurement voltage UMeß also returns to its original value. This regulation also works if, for example, only one thermocouple 20 in both branches 34, 44 is exposed to a higher ambient temperature.
  • the vertical electrical field component of an incident electromagnetic wave causes a voltage induction in the longitudinal direction of the foil.
  • a voltage will occur both in measuring branch 44 and in reference branch 43 and will be superimposed on the useful signals UMeß and Urherm.
  • Low-frequency interference fields cause low-frequency interference voltages that are difficult to filter out.
  • the device according to the invention therefore has a high strength with regard to its electromagnetic compatibility (EMC resistance) due to its symmetrical structure.
  • the symmetrical structure of the two branches 44, 34 with remote electronics also offers the advantage that, due to the large number of thermocouples 20, the reference voltage UR e f is so great that it can be transmitted well without interference.
  • the interference voltages can be minimized by means of symmetrically twisted electrical lines for the reference voltage URef and the measuring voltage U MCB . From a high-frequency point of view, both lines are provided with the same terminating resistors and behave with regard to interference fields Induction of interference voltages exactly the same.
  • the induced interference voltages are of the same magnitude and phase and therefore do not cause any display errors in the display 14.
  • FIGS. 4 and 10 which in connection with the last described exemplary embodiment comprises 12 measuring sensors designated 43.
  • This measuring device part 66 is therefore located inside the container 19 of FIG. 1.
  • a further measuring device part which has at least one single reference sensor and on a separate carrier, e.g. another film is attached.
  • This further carrier can then also be arranged outside the container interior 19 and therefore never comes into contact with the liquid medium 15 from FIG. 1.
  • thermocouples as reference sensors 33, which should expediently have a structure which can be seen in FIG. 4. If these reference sensors 33 of the other measuring device part are also completely or partially immersed in the liquid, then the thermal insulation 56 already described will also be used here. In relation to the configuration in FIG. 10, thermal insulation would be provided at the dash-dotted points designated there.
  • thermocouples could also be used to measure the gas volume.
  • a preferred field of application is the air volume measurement for injection engines.
  • a fuel internal combustion engine requires a very specific mixture of air (oxygen) and fuel.
  • An air flow meter is used in injection engines to determine the amount of air drawn in.
  • a conventional air flow meter is used in conventional systems.
  • the intake air flow moves a damper against the restoring force of a spring.
  • a potentiometer converts the angle of the suction flap into a corresponding voltage value.
  • the same task can also be performed by a thermocouple chain located in the intake pipe, since the cooling of the warm connection points of the heated thermocouples acts proportionally to the air flow. The stronger the air flow, the lower the total thermal voltage. Influences of the temperature of the intake air, supply voltage fluctuations and aging effects can be completely eliminated by regulating the heating current with the help of thermally insulated reference thermocouples located in the air flow.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Levels Of Liquids Or Fluent Solid Materials (AREA)

Abstract

Dispositif de mesure de niveau utilisant des thermoéléments (20) qui sont disposés sur un support en forme de feuilles (25). Les thermoéléments (20) comprennent deux matériaux différents et sont agencés en deux séries côte à côte (71, 72). Deux thermoéléments (20), situés côte à côte, de ces deux séries (71, 72) présentent une zone de jonction commune (23) qui est chauffée. En outre, les deux séries (71, 72) de thermoéléments présentent deux autres zones de jonction mutuelles qui sont froides. Il est prévu un premier groupe de thermoéléments (20) qui sont disposés, avec leurs supports (25), à l'intérieur du récipient et qui fonctionnent comme des détecteurs de mesure. En outre, il est prévu un deuxième groupe de thermoéléments (20) servant de détecteurs de référence, du fait qu'ils règlent, par rapport à une tension de référence définie, le courant de chauffage alimentant les zones de jonction (23).
EP98965873A 1998-12-24 1998-12-24 Dispositif de mesure du niveau dans un recipient au moyen de thermoelements Withdrawn EP1144963A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP1998/008448 WO2000039540A1 (fr) 1998-12-24 1998-12-24 Dispositif de mesure du niveau dans un recipient au moyen de thermoelements

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1144963A1 true EP1144963A1 (fr) 2001-10-17

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US (1) US6662429B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1144963A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2000039540A1 (fr)

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Title
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US6662429B1 (en) 2003-12-16

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