EP1141496B1 - Systeme de construction de batiments, et element de support et element modulaire pour ce systeme - Google Patents

Systeme de construction de batiments, et element de support et element modulaire pour ce systeme Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1141496B1
EP1141496B1 EP99946453A EP99946453A EP1141496B1 EP 1141496 B1 EP1141496 B1 EP 1141496B1 EP 99946453 A EP99946453 A EP 99946453A EP 99946453 A EP99946453 A EP 99946453A EP 1141496 B1 EP1141496 B1 EP 1141496B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
supporting
elements
modular
pillar
building system
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99946453A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1141496A1 (fr
Inventor
Leif Per Roland Anderson
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HEIMDAL GRUPPEN AS
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Heimdal Gruppen AS
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Publication of EP1141496A1 publication Critical patent/EP1141496A1/fr
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/348—Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form
    • E04B1/34815—Elements not integrated in a skeleton
    • E04B1/3483—Elements not integrated in a skeleton the supporting structure consisting of metal

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a building system for erecting permanent and semi-permanent buildings according to the introductory part of claim 1, particularly for purposes like apartment buildings, hotels, hospitals, schools, kindergartens and office buildings.
  • the invention especially relates to a building system for erecting buildings with two or more floors.
  • the invention also concerns a supporting element and a module element for such a building system.
  • a modular accomodation unit in which a pair of steel frame is integrated for stacking units one above the other. These frames are arranged at a distance from the corners of the unit, being the unavailable for connecting several accomodation units at one floor at the corners to add to the stability of the complete building.
  • GB-A-1 311 876 a prior art building system is described, in which the building units can be stacked without mutual transfer of load.
  • supporting pillars are arranged over several floors, with connection to the building units at each floor.
  • the support pillars for each floor is to be installed prior to the building units.
  • the building units then has to be lowered, to be suspended on the supporting pillars by carrying elements at the top of each building unit.
  • This requires a certain distance between adjacent units, to have the units lowered.
  • the load has to be transferred from the base of a unit to the carrying elements at the top of the unit.
  • this system requires supporting pillars to the top of the complete building.
  • the main object of the present invention is to provide a building system for erecting permanent and semi-permanent buildings, wherein the buildings can be assembled and disassembled easily and without damaging any of its components. It is thus an object to create a basis for new use, redesign and reuse of the modular elements and the other elements that are included in the construction.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to improve the versatility of such buildings and, in addition, to reduce the number of parts that have to be destroyed at the disassembly by making most parts reusable.
  • module is meant any kind of building element that can be prefabricated and assembled into a building in the phase of assembly, especially an element that is prefabricated more or less identical in larg numbers.
  • Modular elements include rooms for overnight stay in a hotel/ motel, office rooms, classrooms for a school, apartment rooms, patient rooms for a hospital, parts of elevator shafts, parts of stairway housings etc.
  • the present invention provides the possibility of reusing such elements without the need for any reconstruction or oversizing (over designed safety factor), still independent of floor level. This improves the degree of real recovery without redesign of buildings assembled according to the building system according to the invention.
  • the invention provides the possibility of performing an industrial renewal and/ or redesign.
  • the invention also provides the possibility of assembly within a building construction site without the use of scaffolding.
  • the building assembly can take place from the top of the modular elements as the assembly progresses in height.
  • the interconnection between the separate module elements, e.g. of electrical cables, water and sanitary outlets etc. can take place after the assembly is complete, from inside each of the separate modular elements.
  • the invention also concerns a supporting element as stated by claim 9.
  • a supporting element provides the particular advantage that it allows assembly from the top side of the modular elements without having access to the underside. Further details of the supporting element are disclosed by claims 10 and 11.
  • the invention comprises a modular element as stated by claim 12.
  • a modular element provides the particular advantage that construction can be performed with a carefully precalculated size which determines minimal required strength and still with the benefit that the module contributes to the total strength of the building, especially to withstand forces in a horizontal direction.
  • An especially advantageous embodiment is disclosed by claim 13.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a building 11 erected on a base 12 e.g. a concrete base. Two rows have been stacked, each with six modular elements 14 1 -14 6 and 15 1 -15 6 , on top of each other. Each row may comprise two or more stacks in a row, as further shown on fig. 2.
  • a supporting and locking element 16 extending between adjacent modular elements and which can be used externally on the modular elements facing a front. Details of such a supporting and locking element 16 are shown by fig. 2.
  • the modular element can be a room of an apartment, a classroom of a school, a guest room for a hotel or motel, a patient room for a hospital or a patient care institution, an office room for an office building or other forms of elements for buildings to be erected in several floors, e.g. elevator shafts and stairway housings, parts of larger rooms where the modules are missing one or more walls, elements for stands and rooms for storage houses.
  • the size of the modular elements can be arbitrary, but within the parameters defined by the building system, i.e. with a fixed height from floor to floor and with dimensions which by regulation are adapted for reuse, so that modular elements from different buildings can be combined with each other.
  • the ideal situation is to develop a regulatory system that provides maximized possibility for the reuse of the modular elements without any changes.
  • the invention will, however, make it economically feasible to rebuild the elements from one building so that they are adapted to another and differently dimensioned building. In this way the invention provides the architect a certain degree of freedom with respect to variations in dimensioning without forfeiting the main advantages of the building system.
  • a removable roof truss construction 17 is mounted for supporting a sheet roof 18.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates the assembly of the first floor of a building according to the present invention.
  • grip members or fastening means 19 are attached either by way of casting or by securing with anchor bolts.
  • Grip members 19 are localised in positions corresponding to the corners of the respective modular elements 14, 15 when these are put into place.
  • the grip members 19 are shown in a modified form by fig. 3, and will be described in further detail below.
  • Fastening means can be designed with a first mounting hole which is oversized in order to perform the first adaption of the position in both sideways directions and in the vertical direction, and with a second mounting hole which has a tight fit for a fastening bolt. This can be performed in a known manner.
  • the supporting/locking elements 16 have a pillar 21, 22 at each end, which will also be described in further detail with reference to fig. 3.
  • the two pillars 21, 22 are attached by two crossbars 23, 24 of plate steel, which hold the pillars 21, 22 together and provides support so that the force on top of one pillar is transferred to the foot of the neighbouring pillar.
  • the figure shows how a supporting/locking element 16 is being lowered down into the space between two modular elements. To protect against accidents, fences 55 may be utilized during the mounting process.
  • Figure 3 illustrates a grip member 19 for an intersection between four modular elements and a corresponding pillar 21 for a supporting/ locking element 16.
  • the grip members 19 which in figure 4 is shown in an embodiment 19' for use in a frontal position has a base plate 26 that carries two pairs of extending inverted U-shaped hoops 27, 28 placed side by side with a space in between each pair. Between these two pairs is localized another inverted U-shaped hoop 29 with a flat top and a square recess 30 in its top.
  • the base plate 26 is either provided with downwards extending grip claws (not shown) to be secured by casting into a base, or with a hole for an attachment bolt. The co-operative function with the adjacent elements will be described herein below.
  • the pillar 21 is arranged on top of a supporting tube 31 with rectangular cross-section (see fig. 5). On its top is arranged a cover plate 32 across its axis, said cover plate extending outwards (over) both longitudinal sides, or over one longitudinal side when used at a front module.
  • a fill plate 33 connected to the cover plate 32 by a central tubing 34 with room for a fastening bolt 35.
  • the fastening bolt 35 has at its lower end a hammerhead 36 e.g. according to DIN261, while the upper end is threaded for a nut 37 over a lock washer 38 with extensions that can constitute a support base against a pair of locking pins 39.
  • the lower part of the tubing 31 will be positioned down onto the U-hoop 29 of the fastening means 19 to rest against the base plate 26.
  • the hammerhead 36 of the fastening bolt 35 will be lowered into the square recess 30 on top of the U-hoop 29 and turned 90 degrees into locking connection with the U-hoop.
  • two square holes 40 and 41 in the cover plate 32 are being positioned down over two "ears" 42 and 43 which extend up from the fastening bracket 25 of the adjacent modular element 14, 15.
  • the "ears" 42, 43 are two U-hoops arranged upside down corresponding to the U-hoops 27, 28 on the fastening means 19, and with a square form that fits the square holes 40, 41. More details of the fastening bracket 25 are shown by fig. 4 and elaborated herein.
  • the fastening bracket 25' of the next level modules will come to rest against the supporting/locking element 16, which means that it will transfer its weight to the pillars 21, 22 as shown in fig. 4.
  • the pillars 21, 22 will thus fill a double function, they will support the load weight from the modular elements 14, 15 above so that these are lying without any load from floor to floor, whereas all load weight is being transferred over the pillars 21, 22.
  • the pillars 21, 22, or more precisely the bolts 35 manage the tensional forces, so that forces in an upwards direction caused by wind forces against a tall building, will be managed without any loads being transferred to the separate modular elements.
  • each modular element can be designed to be self-supporting only, and without having to withstand any recipovical transfer of forces between the elements.
  • Fig. 4 illustrates the corner of a modular element 14, 15 with a fastening bracket 25.
  • the fastening bracket 25 is arranged on top of a supporting tube 44 with rectangular cross-section (see fig. 5) which has been lowered down onto the lower edge of the modular element to rest against the cover plate 32 of a grip member 19 (fig. 3) or an underlying pillar 21, 22.
  • the supporting tube 44 is shut at its upper end by means of an end plate 45 that serves as a base for the "ears" 42, 43 which in addition is locked with a through running bolt 46.
  • the cavity in the preferably steel formed pillar 21, 22 may be filled with concrete 47 or another non-melting heat resistant material.
  • the fastening bolt 35 is during mounting, tightened in such a manner that it sets the tubing 31 under a low initial tension.
  • a set of or layer of modular elements 14, 15 corresponding to one floor level is placed one by one to engagement between the upwards extending ears 42, 43 of an underlying set of modular elements and the fastening brackets 25 of an overlying set of modular elements.
  • This ensures the transfer of sideways forces between the modular elements and the pillars 21, 22 as well as the transfer of the load weight to the pillars.
  • the crossbars 23, 24 contribute to the sideways stability of the building.
  • the floor 53 and the roof 54 of the modular elements serve as rigid plates and contribute to the transfer of horizontal forces to the spaces where the crossbars are arranged, without the need for any oversizing.
  • Disassembly takes place by the reverse procedure. This means that the modular elements and the building can be taken apart without any damage or other unwanted effect due to the assembly or disassembly. In this way the invention makes it possible to reuse both the modular elements and the supporting/locking elements of a regulated building.
  • Fig. 5 shows how the groove at the corner between two modular elements 14, 15 can be used to isolate the support construction, i.e. the pillars 21, 22, against fire.
  • a groove 48 can be filled with a fire insulating and heat resistant material 49 like rock wool or other special isulating material. This can surround both the pillars 21, 22 and the supporting tube 44 for each corner of a modular element 14, 15. Between the supporting tubes 44 is also arranged a sealing tube 50.
  • the groove 48 is, on its outside covered by a covering plate 51 to provide a smooth outer surface.
  • the invention provides a series of advantages, both technical, economic and environmental. The most important is the versatility in use.
  • the invention makes it possible for the first time to build semipermanent tall buildings, where it is possible to reuse the main part of the elements without the need for any redesign. Assembly and disassembly can take place within acceptable economic time frames, while simultaneously maintaining the possibility to performe environmental or other adjustments of the modules between disassembly and the reuse.
  • the invention makes it possible to erect versatile buildings at lower costs since the reuse allows budgeting with a higher second hand value for temporary buildings. This again implies that the planning can be made simpler both technically and administratively.
  • the example above can be modified in several ways.
  • the pillars 21, 22 may be designed as supporting tubes with a C-profile. They may further be arranged as supporting tubes that face the front of the building.
  • the tubes 32 and 44 in the examples are made of steel. It may also be convenient to use types of composite materials that are not weakened when exposed to high temperatures.
  • the ears 42, 43 may be pins which extends upwards with tapered upper ends.
  • the locking element may be arranged at the lower edge of each pillar 21, 22, e.g. as a wedge that is arranged to enter a recess, and which may be positioned from above by means of an activation rod without any load weight being transferred to the activation rod.
  • a locking element would need the ability for removal to be performed in a similar manner.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
  • Warehouses Or Storage Devices (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
  • Non-Silver Salt Photosensitive Materials And Non-Silver Salt Photography (AREA)
  • Supports For Pipes And Cables (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Building Awnings And Sunshades (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Système de construction pour ériger des bâtiments semi-permanents, en particulier pour ériger des bâtiments élevés destinés à une utilisation en tant qu'hôtels, bureaux, hôpitaux et maisons de santé pour des malades, comprenant des éléments modulaires préfabriqués (14, 15) qui constituent, chacun, une partie du bâtiment, comme des chambres d'hôtel, des salles de classe, des salles pour les crèches, des chambres de malades, des bureaux ou des parties de gaines d'ascenseur ou de cages d'escaliers, les éléments modulaires (14, 15) étant fabriqués pour être autonomes, sans qu'il y ait besoin de supporter une force verticale extérieure quelconque, et étant agencés pour être empilés les uns sur les autres sans transfert réciproque important de forces entre les éléments, et comprenant des éléments de support munis de points de fixation (19) pour les éléments modulaires de chaque étage,
    lesdits éléments de support étant agencés pour être insérés vers le bas, entre des éléments modulaires jointifs,
    les éléments de support d'un étage étant agencés pour supporter le poids d'éléments modulaires sus-jacents agencés au-dessus de cet étage et pour transférer le poids à un élément de support ou une semelle sous-jacent(e),
    chaque élément de support comprenant un pilier de soutènement (21, 22) présentant, au niveau de son bord inférieur, un moyen de préhension détachable (36) qui peut être actionné depuis l'extrémité supérieure du pilier de soutènement afin d'amener le pilier de soutènement en un engagement pouvant être dégagé avec un pilier de soutènement ou une semelle sous-jacent(e),
    la partie supérieure de chaque pilier de soutènement (21, 22) étant munie d'une plaque de recouvrement en saillie (32), dont l'extrémité libre est munie d'un moyen (40, 41) qui doit être amené en engagement avec un élément de fixation (42, 43) correspondant, raccordé à la partie supérieure d'un tube de support vertical (44) fourni au niveau du coin de l'élément modulaire et du pilier de soutènement,
    le poids de l'élément modulaire (14, 15) d'un plancher étant transféré grâce au dit tube de support vertical (44) qui repose contre la partie supérieure d'un pilier de soutènement ou une semelle sous-jacent(e).
  2. Système de construction selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les piliers de soutènement (21, 22) sont conçus pour être fixés, de manière détachable, à un support sous-jacent, sont abaissés près d'un élément modulaire après son montage et sont munis d'un moyen de fixation (36) au niveau d'une extrémité inférieure, ledit moyen de fixation étant amené en un engagement de blocage pouvant être dégagé, avec un élément de fixation sous-jacent en forme de cerceau (29).
  3. Système de construction selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les piliers de soutènement (21, 22) présentent un boulon d'attache positionné longitudinalement (35), avec une tête (36) permettant une fixation sur un point de fixation (27, 28 ; 42, 43) qui s'étend vers le haut à partir d'une semelle (19, sur la figure 1) ou d'un pilier de soutènement (21, 22, sur la figure 3).
  4. Système de construction selon la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que deux piliers de soutènement (21, 22) sont raccordés mutuellement, au moyen de traverses (23, 24), pour le transfert des forces latérales.
  5. Système de construction selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de fixation (42, 43) sont agencés pour être engagés dans la partie adjacente d'un pilier de soutènement (21, 22) pour le transfert des forces latérales.
  6. Système de construction selon la revendications 5, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de fixation (42, 43) sont des boucles en U inversé, chacune étant raccordée à un tube de support vertical (44) fournissant le moyen de raccordement vertical, qui, au niveau de son extrémité inférieure, est raccordé au cadre inférieur de l'élément modulaire.
  7. Système de construction selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que les piliers de soutènement (21, 22) sont composés d'acier et présentent une cavité interne qui est remplie d'un matériau qui ne fond pas, avec une capacité calorifique élevée, comme le béton.
  8. Système de construction selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que les piliers de soutènement (21, 22) sont enveloppés d'un matériau de protection contre le feu et ignifuge.
  9. Élément de support pour un système de construction selon la revendication 1, l'élément étant agencé pour être inséré, vers le bas, entre deux éléments modulaires jointifs (14, 15) afin de supporter le poids d'éléments modulaires sus-jacents, et comprenant un pilier de soutènement (21, 22) qui présente une longueur qui est égale à la hauteur d'un étage, le pilier de soutènement (21, 22) ayant, au niveau de son bord inférieur, un moyen de préhension détachable (36) qui peut être actionné depuis l'extrémité supérieure de l'élément de support, afin d'amener le pilier de soutènement en un engagement pouvant être dégagé avec un pilier de soutènement ou une semelle sous-jacent(e), et la partie supérieure du pilier de soutènement étant munie d'une plaque de recouvrement faisant saillie latéralement (32), dont l'extrémité libre est munie d'un moyen (40, 41), qui doit être amené en engagement avec un élément de fixation correspondant de l'élément modulaire.
  10. Élément de support selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un tubage (31) qui peut gérer le poids de la charge et une tige interne (35) qui peut gérer les forces de tension, dans lequel un matériau ayant une capacité calorifique élevée, tel que le béton, remplit la cavité située entre le tubage et la tige.
  11. Élément de support selon la revendication 9 ou 10, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend deux desdits piliers de soutènement (21, 22) raccordés au moyen d'une traverse (23, 24), à une certaine distance entre les piliers de soutènement, qui correspond à la longueur d'un élément modulaire.
  12. Élément modulaire pour un système de construction selon la revendication 1, avec une construction de plancher (52) qui supporte les parois latérales et un toit plat sus-jacent (53), comprenant des tubes supports (44) au niveau de chaque coin, lesdits tubes supports présentant, au niveau de leurs extrémités supérieures, un élément de fixation (42, 43) qui peut être amené en engagement avec un moyen correspondant (40, 41) fourni dans la plaque de recouvrement qui fait saillie latéralement (32) d'un pilier de soutènement (21, 22).
  13. Élément modulaire selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que les tubes de support (44) sont agencés pour supporter le toit (53), de telle sorte qu'au moins certaines des parois latérales peuvent être conçues avec une longueur réduite, ou peuvent être retirées.
EP99946453A 1998-12-15 1999-09-17 Systeme de construction de batiments, et element de support et element modulaire pour ce systeme Expired - Lifetime EP1141496B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO985885 1998-12-15
NO985885A NO310035B1 (no) 1998-12-15 1998-12-15 Byggesystem for reising av bygning
PCT/NO1999/000286 WO2000036238A1 (fr) 1998-12-15 1999-09-17 Systeme de construction de batiments

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1141496A1 EP1141496A1 (fr) 2001-10-10
EP1141496B1 true EP1141496B1 (fr) 2005-08-03

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EP (1) EP1141496B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE301214T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU5885599A (fr)
DE (1) DE69926539T2 (fr)
DK (1) DK1141496T3 (fr)
NO (1) NO310035B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2000036238A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BRPI0918934A2 (pt) * 2008-09-18 2016-07-19 Ekco Patent & Ip Holdings Pty Ltd sistema de construcao unificado
ES2333636B1 (es) * 2008-10-10 2011-03-11 Angel Moreno Cano Modulo semirresistente prefabricado para construccion y procedimientode montaje en obra del mismo.
FI20090170A (fi) * 2009-04-28 2010-10-29 Shippax Ltd Oy Järjestely ja menetelmä esivalmistettujen kantavien huonetilayksiköiden kiinnittämiseksi toisiinsa
CA2800247A1 (fr) * 2010-03-18 2011-09-22 Ekco Patent & Ip Holdings Pty Ltd Systeme de batiment compose d'unites
GB2476708B (en) * 2010-12-03 2011-12-07 Beattie Passive Build System Ltd A multi-storey apartment building and method of constructing a building
GB2576964B (en) * 2019-04-17 2020-09-09 Peter Dann Ltd Modular structure and connection method

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1311876A (en) * 1969-06-20 1973-03-28 Timber Research Dev Ass Multistorey building block

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3824750A (en) * 1971-12-01 1974-07-23 A Antoniou Column connector system
US4599829A (en) * 1983-08-25 1986-07-15 Tandemloc, Inc. Modular container building system
GB8614312D0 (en) * 1986-06-12 1986-07-16 Structured Steel Systems Ltd Assembling structures
GB2266907B (en) * 1992-05-13 1995-11-15 Mech Tool Engineering Ltd Portable accommodation unit

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1311876A (en) * 1969-06-20 1973-03-28 Timber Research Dev Ass Multistorey building block

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69926539T2 (de) 2006-04-13
WO2000036238A1 (fr) 2000-06-22
EP1141496A1 (fr) 2001-10-10
NO985885D0 (no) 1998-12-15
NO985885L (no) 1999-01-08
NO310035B1 (no) 2001-05-07
DE69926539D1 (de) 2005-09-08
AU5885599A (en) 2000-07-03
ATE301214T1 (de) 2005-08-15
DK1141496T3 (da) 2005-12-05

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