EP1138898B1 - Procédé et dispositif pour la purification des gaz d'échappement - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour la purification des gaz d'échappement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1138898B1
EP1138898B1 EP01250100A EP01250100A EP1138898B1 EP 1138898 B1 EP1138898 B1 EP 1138898B1 EP 01250100 A EP01250100 A EP 01250100A EP 01250100 A EP01250100 A EP 01250100A EP 1138898 B1 EP1138898 B1 EP 1138898B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
storage
exhaust
downstream
storage catalysts
catalyst
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01250100A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1138898A3 (fr
EP1138898A2 (fr
Inventor
Ekkehard Dr. Pott
Achim Donnerstag
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Volkswagen AG
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Volkswagen AG
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Filing date
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Publication of EP1138898A2 publication Critical patent/EP1138898A2/fr
Publication of EP1138898A3 publication Critical patent/EP1138898A3/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
    • F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/027—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/0275—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus the exhaust gas treating apparatus being a NOx trap or adsorbent
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1439—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the position of the sensor
    • F02D41/1441—Plural sensors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
    • F02D41/1454—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an oxygen content or concentration or the air-fuel ratio
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
    • F02D41/146—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for exhaust gas purification in a Internal combustion engine with the mentioned in the preamble of the independent claims Features.
  • NO x storage catalysts are operated in a storage cycle that includes at least one usually long absorption mode and a relatively short regeneration mode.
  • a single-pipe exhaust system in which a NO x storage catalyst is arranged between two 3-way catalysts.
  • Desulphurization (SO x regeneration) of the NO x storage catalytic converter is detected as a function of a NO x storage capability of the storage catalytic converter, which is determined by means of a downstream NO x sensor or by means of a pre and a downstream lambda probe.
  • NO x storage catalysts are mainly used in direct injection systems, which make significant fuel savings possible in the so-called stratified charge mode. This enables safe combustion of extremely lean mixtures at idle and part load with fuel savings of> 40% at idle and approximately 15% over the entire Eurotest cycle MVEG.
  • the fuel is injected via electromagnetic nozzle valves directly into the combustion chamber. In this case, the engine is operated with almost fully open throttle, which in addition charge exchange losses are avoided. Only after a certain demanded power, the engine must be operated again in conventional operation, in which the throttle position determines the amount of air / fuel mixture sucked.
  • the NO x storage catalyst is operated in the absorption mode. In homogeneous operation of the engine, however, a stoichiometric or for the regeneration of the NO x storage catalytic converter fed to a rich air / fuel mixture.
  • NO x storage catalytic converter When more than one NO x storage catalytic converter is used, its uniform application of NO x can not be assumed since the function and efficiency of an NO x storage catalytic converter depend on a multiplicity of influencing factors. However, a detection of the operating state, for example, the NO x -BleadungsSches or the end of the NO x regeneration of the individual NO x storage catalytic converters arranged in the mixed exhaust gas downstream of the NO x storage sensor means, such as a downstream NO x sensor or a Lambda Probe, not possible.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a method and a device for exhaust gas purification in an internal combustion engine with at least two parallel downstream of a branch of an exhaust line arranged regenerable NO x storage catalytic converters, which allow a complete regeneration of all NO x storage catalysts and at the same time a high degree to exhaust purification afford.
  • the invention is based on the idea of terminating a currently performed NO x regeneration measure as a function of a later (in particular the latest) point in time at which a state parameter value characteristic of the termination of an NO x regeneration measure at one of the NO x - Storage catalysts is measured.
  • This procedure makes it possible to regenerate all NO x storage catalytic converters until even at the last of the NO x storage catalytic converters an operating state that is characteristic for the termination of a regeneration measure occurs, so that the NO x storage capacity of all NO x storage catalytic converters can be used without restriction.
  • reducing agent breakthroughs are oxidized at the time first regenerated NO x storage catalysts and thus rendered harmless.
  • a 3-way catalyst with Rh and Pt and / or Pd as essential noble metal components preferably a 3-way catalyst with Rh and Pt and / or Pd as essential noble metal components, but also conceivable is the use of a pure oxidation catalyst with Pt and / or Pd as essential noble metal components.
  • FIG. 1 shows an internal combustion engine 1 of a motor vehicle with a downstream exhaust line 2, which is shown only schematically, preferably in stratified charge mode, and with an engine control unit 5 for evaluating and influencing operating parameters of the internal combustion engine 1.
  • the exhaust line 2 has two regenerable NO x storage catalysts 3 and 4 , which are arranged downstream of a branch 7 in the exhaust line 2. Upstream of the branch 7, a precatalyst 15 is arranged in the exhaust gas line 2.
  • the exhaust gas line 2 also has a junction 8 downstream of the NO x storage catalysts 3 and 4, as well as a downstream catalyst 9, preferably a conventional 3-way catalyst.
  • a downstream catalyst 9 preferably a conventional 3-way catalyst.
  • lambda probes 10, 11, 12 are arranged upstream or downstream of the NO x storage catalytic converters 3 and 4, respectively.
  • the sensors 11, 12 downstream of the NO x storage catalysts 3 and 4 may also be designed as NO x sensors and provide in this case a selectively the NO x concentration in the exhaust gas representing NO x signal, and a corresponding signal for the oxygen concentration ,
  • the engine control unit 5 detects in a conventional manner via a temperature sensor 14th and other sensors, not shown, operating parameters of the internal combustion engine 1 as Exhaust temperature, load, speed, raw emission or the like and the like not shown actuators, such as electromagnetic nozzle valves or a throttle valve in the air supply of the internal combustion engine 1, if necessary influence.
  • actuators such as electromagnetic nozzle valves or a throttle valve in the air supply of the internal combustion engine 1, if necessary influence.
  • a cable system 16 intended for communication between the engine control unit 5 and the Internal combustion engine 1 or the actuators.
  • the engine control unit 5 comprises in particular a lambda control, which signals the Lambda probe 10 and the sensors 11 and 12 evaluates and depending on Operating state of the catalysts 3, 4 and 15, a change in the operating parameters of the Internal combustion engine 1 performs the exhaust gas control.
  • the sensors 11 and 12 Due to their arrangement in the exhaust line 2 before the merger 8, it is possible with the sensors 11 and 12 to detect the state parameter values of the NO x storage catalysts 3 and 4 individually.
  • NO x sensors for each of the NO x storage catalysts 3 and 4, in particular the loading of NO x and the NO x reduction performance can be determined in a manner known per se.
  • a regeneration measure can be initiated by switching from a lean to a rich air / fuel mixture. This can be triggered for example by the higher-loaded catalyst or catalyst with faster occurring and / or higher NO x breakthroughs.
  • a currently performed NO x regeneration action is terminated in response to the latest time point at which a state parameter value characteristic of the completion of an NO x regeneration measure is measured on one of the NO x storage catalysts.
  • a state parameter value characteristic of the completion of an NO x regeneration measure is measured on one of the NO x storage catalysts.
  • Such operating conditions are, for example, a reducing agent breakthrough at one of the NO x storage catalysts 3 and 4, a minimum in the NO x concentration after switching to a rich air / fuel mixture or a short-term NO x desorption peak. Since the completion of the regeneration measure necessarily affects all NO x storage catalysts 3 and 4 by design, the termination of the regeneration measure according to the invention ensures that each of the NO x storage catalysts 3 and 4 is completely regenerated.
  • the engine control unit 5 has a control device 6, by means of which the signals of the sensors 11, 12 are evaluated.
  • the control device 6, which may also be designed as a separate component, determines the latest point in time at which a state parameter value characteristic of the termination of the regeneration measure occurs at one of the NO x storage catalytic converters 3 and 4.
  • the NO x control device 6 can be realized for example by a microcontroller with a CPU, a program memory, a data memory and input and output interfaces. In order to determine the latest time for the completion of the regeneration measure 6 known per se sorting algorithm are used by the control device.
  • the catalytic converter 9 is arranged in the exhaust gas line 2 downstream of the convergence 8 for the effective exhaust gas purification.
  • a partially damaged NO x storage catalyst 3, 4 generally occurs because of a lower NO x storage capacity less reducing agent requirement during a regeneration measure.
  • the oxygen storage capacity of the downstream catalytic converter 9 is therefore sufficient to be dimensioned so that even with partially damaged NO x storage catalysts 3, 4, the correspondingly higher amounts of reducing agents can be catalytically converted. This avoids additional pollution of the environment with hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide.
  • the catalyst 9 is designed so that about 30% of the total through the exhaust line 2 to the NO x storage catalysts 3 and 4 supplied reducing agent can be reduced.
  • a sensor 13 preferably a Lambda probe, downstream of the catalyst 9 for monitoring the functionality intended.
  • the signal of the sensor 13 is the control device 6 or the Engine control unit 5 supplied.
  • FIG. 2 shows an alternative embodiment of the invention, in which no merging of the exhaust line 2 downstream of the NO x storage catalysts 3, 4 is provided. This is necessary, for example, even if the downstream catalyst has to be divided for packing reasons. Accordingly, an exhaust gas branch 2 with a downstream catalytic converter 9 is connected to the NO x storage catalytic converter 3, and an exhaust gas branch 2 a to a further catalytic converter 9 a is connected to the NO x storage catalytic converter 4.
  • the design of the preferably realized as a 3-way catalysts catalysts 9, 9a is again sized so that a safe implementation of erupted reducing agent is possible.
  • a monitoring of the catalysts 9, 9a can be done by downstream sensors 13, 13a. Preferably lambda probes are provided for this purpose.
  • the signal of the sensors 13, 13a of the control device 6 or the engine controller 5 is supplied and causes a termination of an NO x -Regenerationsggiookie if a reducing agent breakdown predetermined height is detected.
  • the inventive termination of a NO x -Regenerationsterrorismtung allows safe and efficient exhaust gas purification in an internal combustion engine with at least two parallel arranged after a diversion in the exhaust line regenerable NO x storage catalytic converters.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Procédé destiné à l'épuration de gaz d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion interne (1), comportant au moins deux catalyseurs à accumulation de NOx (3, 4) disposés parallèlement en aval d'une subdivision (7) d'un tuyau de gaz d'échappement (2), et pouvant être régénérés par un agent réducteur contenu dans les gaz d'échappement, auxquels est respectivement associé en aval un détecteur (11, 12), par exemple un détecteur de NOx et/ou une sonde lambda, pour la mesure individuelle de paramètres d'état, les gaz d'échappement étant amenés à au moins un catalyseur d'oxydation (9), de préférence un catalyseur à 3 voies, disposé dans le tuyau de gaz d'échappement (2) en aval des catalyseurs à accumulation de NOx (3, 4), et des mesures de régénération de NOx étant effectuées en fonction des valeurs des paramètres d'état des catalyseurs à accumulation de NOx (3, 4), caractérisé en ce qu'il est mis fin à une mesure de régénération de NOx en cours d'exécution en fonction d'un moment ultérieur, notamment du moment au plus tard, auquel une valeur de paramètre d'état caractéristique pour la fin de la mesure de régénération de NOx est mesurée au niveau de l'un des deux catalyseurs à accumulation de NOx (3, 4).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'une valeur lambda prédéterminée des gaz d'échappement en aval d'un catalyseur à accumulation de NOx (3, 4) est choisie en tant que valeur de paramètre d'état caractéristique pour la fin d'une mesure de régénération de NOx.
  3. Procédé selon l'une au moins des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que la capacité d'accumulation en oxygène du catalyseur d'oxydation (9) disposé dans le tuyau de gaz d'échappement (2) en aval des catalyseurs à accumulation de NOx (3, 4) est dimensionnée de façon suffisamment élevée pour décomposer, lors d'une percée due à un catalyseur à accumulation de NOx (3, 4) partiellement endommagé, au moins 50 %, notamment au moins 90 %, de la quantité en agents réducteurs.
  4. Procédé selon l'une au moins des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la capacité d'accumulation en oxygène du catalyseur d'oxydation (9) disposé dans le tuyau de gaz d'échappement (2) en aval des catalyseurs à accumulation de NOx (3, 4) est dimensionnée de façon suffisamment élevée pour décomposer au moins 20 %, de préférence au moins 30 %, des agents réducteurs affluant aux catalyseurs à accumulation de NOx (3, 4) pendant une régénération de NOx.
  5. Procédé selon l'une au moins des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que, par gramme de NOx pouvant être accumulé dans les catalyseurs à accumulation de NOx (3, 4), au moins 0,07 g d'oxygène, notamment 0,1 g d'oxygène, est tenu en réserve dans le / les catalyseur(s) d'oxydation (9) disposé(s) dans le tuyau de gaz d'échappement (2) en aval des catalyseurs à accumulation de NOx (3, 4).
  6. Procédé selon l'une au moins des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'état de fonctionnement du catalyseur d'oxydation (9) disposé dans le tuyau de gaz d'échappement (2) en aval des catalyseurs à accumulation de NOx (3, 4) est déterminé au moyen d'un détecteur (13), par exemple d'une sonde lambda, disposé en aval.
  7. Procédé selon l'une au moins des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le catalyseur d'oxydation (9) disposé dans le tuyau de gaz d'échappement (2) en aval des catalyseurs à accumulation de NOx (3, 4) est surveillé quant à l'apparition d'une percée d'agents réducteurs, et en ce qu'il est mis fin à une mesure de régénération de NOx en cours d'exécution lors de l'apparition d'une percée d'agents réducteurs de hauteur prédéterminée.
  8. Procédé selon l'une au moins des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que la mesure de régénération de NOx est initiée en fonction de la charge en NOx des catalyseurs à accumulation de NOx (3, 4).
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que la mesure de régénération de NOx est initiée en fonction du premier moment auquel une percée de NOx de hauteur prédéterminée intervient au niveau d'un des catalyseurs à accumulation de NOx (3, 4).
  10. Procédé selon l'une au moins des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que, en amont des catalyseurs à accumulation de NOx (3, 4), les gaz d'échappement sont amenés à au moins un pré-catalyseur (15).
  11. Dispositif destiné à l'épuration de gaz d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion interne (1), comportant au moins deux catalyseurs à accumulation de NOx (3, 4) disposés parallèlement en aval d'une subdivision (7) du tuyau de gaz d'échappement (2) et pouvant être régénérés par un agent réducteur contenu dans les gaz d'échappement, et au moins un catalyseur d'oxydation (9), de préférence un catalyseur à 3 voies, disposé en aval des catalyseurs à accumulation de NOx (3, 4), des détecteurs (11, 12) étant prévus en aval des catalyseurs à accumulation de NOx (3, 4) pour la détection individuelle de valeurs de paramètres d'état des catalyseurs à accumulation de NOx (3, 4), lesquelles peuvent être transmises à un appareil de commande (5) de moteur pour évaluer et influencer des paramètres de fonctionnement du moteur à combustion interne (1), caractérisé en ce que l'appareil de commande (5) de moteur comporte un dispositif de contrôle (6) afin de mettre fin à une mesure de régénération de NOx en cours d'exécution en fonction d'un moment ultérieur, notamment du moment au plus tard, auquel une valeur de paramètre d'état caractéristique pour la fin de la mesure de régénération de NOx est mesurée au niveau de l'un des deux catalyseurs à accumulation de NOx (3, 4).
  12. Dispositif selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que les subdivisions du tuyau de gaz d'échappement se rejoignent à nouveau en aval des catalyseurs à accumulation de NOx (3, 4) et en amont du catalyseur d'oxydation (9) disposé en aval, au niveau d'un emplacement de jonction (8).
  13. Dispositif selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que les subdivisions (2, 2a) du tuyau de gaz d'échappement restent séparées en aval des catalyseurs à accumulation de NOx (3, 4), et en ce qu'au moins un catalyseur d'oxydation (9, 9a) placé en aval, de préférence un catalyseur à 3 voies, est disposé dans chacune des subdivisions (2, 2a) du tuyau de gaz d'échappement.
  14. Dispositif selon l'une au moins des revendications 11 à 13, caractérisé en ce que, en aval de chaque catalyseur d'oxydation (9, 9a) disposé en aval du catalyseur à accumulation de NOx (3, 4), il est prévu des moyens de détection (13, 13a) pour la surveillance de l'état de fonctionnement de ce catalyseur d'oxydation (9, 9a) concerné.
EP01250100A 2000-03-28 2001-03-21 Procédé et dispositif pour la purification des gaz d'échappement Expired - Lifetime EP1138898B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10015330 2000-03-28
DE10015330A DE10015330A1 (de) 2000-03-28 2000-03-28 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Abgasreinigung

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1138898A2 EP1138898A2 (fr) 2001-10-04
EP1138898A3 EP1138898A3 (fr) 2003-11-05
EP1138898B1 true EP1138898B1 (fr) 2005-06-15

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AT (1) ATE298041T1 (fr)
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4304428B2 (ja) * 2003-02-07 2009-07-29 いすゞ自動車株式会社 内燃機関の排気ガス浄化システム
DE10331333B4 (de) * 2003-07-10 2016-01-14 Volkswagen Ag Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Brennkraftmaschine
DE10331331B4 (de) 2003-07-10 2012-03-01 Volkswagen Ag Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Brennkraftmaschine
DE10331334B4 (de) * 2003-07-10 2012-12-20 Volkswagen Ag Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Brennkraftmaschine
JP4120563B2 (ja) * 2003-11-06 2008-07-16 トヨタ自動車株式会社 内燃機関の排気浄化装置
DE102004015129A1 (de) * 2004-03-27 2005-10-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Brennkraftmaschine
CN102216577A (zh) * 2009-02-06 2011-10-12 丰田自动车株式会社 内燃机的排气净化装置

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JP3427581B2 (ja) * 1994-09-13 2003-07-22 トヨタ自動車株式会社 内燃機関の排気浄化装置
JP3430879B2 (ja) * 1997-09-19 2003-07-28 トヨタ自動車株式会社 内燃機関の排気浄化装置
DE19816276C2 (de) * 1998-04-11 2000-05-18 Audi Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betreiben einer Brennkraftmaschine
JP3582365B2 (ja) * 1998-07-03 2004-10-27 トヨタ自動車株式会社 内燃機関の排気浄化装置

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ATE298041T1 (de) 2005-07-15
DE10015330A1 (de) 2002-02-21
EP1138898A3 (fr) 2003-11-05
EP1138898A2 (fr) 2001-10-04
DE50106491D1 (de) 2005-07-21

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