EP1138841A1 - Structure de couverture - Google Patents

Structure de couverture Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1138841A1
EP1138841A1 EP01201163A EP01201163A EP1138841A1 EP 1138841 A1 EP1138841 A1 EP 1138841A1 EP 01201163 A EP01201163 A EP 01201163A EP 01201163 A EP01201163 A EP 01201163A EP 1138841 A1 EP1138841 A1 EP 1138841A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
roof
roof part
top line
line
covering structure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP01201163A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1138841B1 (fr
Inventor
John Van Zeist
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP1138841A1 publication Critical patent/EP1138841A1/fr
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Publication of EP1138841B1 publication Critical patent/EP1138841B1/fr
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B7/00—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation
    • E04B7/08—Vaulted roofs
    • E04B7/10—Shell structures, e.g. of hyperbolic-parabolic shape; Grid-like formations acting as shell structures; Folded structures
    • E04B7/102—Shell structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/32—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a covering structure according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such a covering structure is known from the U.S. patent specification 5,581,960.
  • This covering structure is a module for forming a roof structure, in which the floor surface covered by the roof is usable to a large extent.
  • This roof shape is rather complex and therefore costly.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an improved covering structure.
  • the invention aims to provide a covering structure which is simple and stable, and, because of special properties as to shape and construction, offers better and more options for use.
  • the invention provides a covering structure according to claim 1.
  • the surface covered by the covering structure is usable to an extensive degree, since over substantially the entire covered surface, the distance from the covered surface to the roof part is large. Thus, in a very efficient manner, a covering of a particular surface is obtained. Due to its shape, the covering structure is in particular stable, the connecting parts providing a stable construction. Additionally, the covering structure according to the invention offers constructional advantages and possibilities.
  • the invention also relates to a building provided with a covering structure according to the invention, further provided with walls extending vertically from the respective edges of the roofing part.
  • a covering structure according to the invention further provided with walls extending vertically from the respective edges of the roofing part.
  • FIGs. 1-3 a first exemplary embodiment of a covering structure according to the invention is shown.
  • the covering structure 1 comprises a curved roof part 10, resting on a floor 40 by means of two uprights 20 and 30.
  • the roof part 10 is drawn in a hatched manner to make the curvature of the roof part 10 visible.
  • a central line x is situated, passing from a first extremity 21 of the roof part 10 to an opposite, second extremity 31 of the roof part 10. From the line x, the roof part 10 extends smoothly downwards on both sides of line x, into respective end points 15 and 16.
  • the end points 15 and 16 are in the plane of the floor 40 as indicated in Fig. 3. In this example, the end points 15 and 16, which form the extreme part of the roof part 10, are situated at the level of the floor 40.
  • the roof part 10 has roof edges 11, 12, 13, 14 which define the roof part 10.
  • the limitation of the respective roof edges 11, 12, 13, 14 is such that the roof edges 11, 12, 13, 14 extend from the central top line x to the plane of the floor 10 such that, in top plan view, the roof edges 11, 12, 13, 14 have a boundary line which extends from one of the ends 21, 31 of the central top line x to the respective edge 15, 16 of the roof part 10.
  • the boundary line of the roof edge 11 extends, in top plan view, from extremity 21 to end point 15.
  • the angle included by the boundary line 11 and the top line x is designated with ⁇ 4.
  • the roof edge 12 extends from the extremity 31 to the end point 15 at an angle ⁇ 3 included by the boundary line 12 and the top line x
  • the roof edge 13 extends from the extremity 31 to the end point 16 at an angle ⁇ 1 included by the boundary line 13 and the top line x
  • the roof edge 14 extends from the extremity 21 to the end point 16 at an angle ⁇ 2, included by the boundary line 14 and the top line x.
  • the respective side edges of the roof part 10 are in a side plane defined in that the respective boundary line is in the side plane, and the side plane is directed perpendicularly to the base plane.
  • a cross section of the roof part 10 along the line III-III' . indicated in Fig. 2 is shown.
  • the roof part 10 In cross section through a plane perpendicular to the floor surface 40 and wherein the line 15-16 is situated, the roof part 10 is curved with a radius R.
  • the radius R is constant, so that the contour of the roof part 10 has a semi-elliptical shape. Since, in this example, the respective sides 41-44 have a length equal to the distance of the points 21, 31 to the floor 40, the contour of the roof part 10, when viewed in side view, is a quarter-circle.
  • the invention is not limited in any way to such a semi-elliptical shape; the invention can also be used with a non-constant radius R of the roof curvature, such as, for instance, an elliptical or hyperbolic shape, or a part thereof. According to the invention, smoothly flowing contours are preferred, having a flowing and continuous configuration in particular in the central, uppermost part of the roof part 10.
  • the side edges 11, 12, 13, 14 define a square surface which is spanned by the roof part 10.
  • This contour of the roof part 10 can be enclosed by a rectangle with sides a and b as is designated in Fig. 2, the relation between a and b indicating the degree of diamond-shape of the spanned surface.
  • a ratio of 1:1 for a:b, as is shown in Fig. 2 is then determinative of a square spanned surface.
  • the line y in Fig. 2 is the perpendicular bisector on the central top line x.
  • the end points 15,16 are on this line y, and the end points 15, 16 coincide with the respective intersections of the lines 11, 12 and lines 13, 14.
  • connecting means of which in Fig. 1, connecting rods 51 and 52 from the end point 15 to the end points 21, 31, respectively, are visible. These rods give additional strength to the covering structure 1.
  • the rods shown are situated in the respective side plane as described hereinabove. Depending on the strain on the roof part 10, the rods can be tension or pressure loaded.
  • the sides a and b are equal in length, so that the rectangle defined by the sides a and b is a square.
  • the angles ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 3 are both 45°, and the angles ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 4 are also 45°.
  • the covered part of the floor 40 is correspondingly square, and provided with edges 41, 42, 43 and 44.
  • the roof part 10 has a shape such that respective roof edges 11,12, 13, and 14 of the roof part 10 are situated above the respective edges of the floor 40.
  • the invention is not limited to these values for the angles ⁇ 1 - ⁇ 4; the invention provides for the application of included angles ⁇ 1 - ⁇ 4 that are less than 90°.
  • an included angle between 60° and 30°, in particular between 50° and 40°, so that the floor surface which is covered by the roof part 10 becomes more square-shaped instead of more diamond-shaped.
  • the usable surface under the roof part, with the roof part remaining equal in height and in cross-sectional contour increases continuously as a more and more square-shaped covered surface is achieved.
  • the angles ⁇ 1 - ⁇ 4 can be mutually different.
  • connection 60 can be formed by a floor, an independent connecting part or a combination of the two.
  • the floor can be of a lighter design, which is an advantage, for instance, when using the covering structure for a house.
  • the floor surface 40 is screened; the entire floor surface 40 can then be used, also in the areas adjacent the end points 15, 16 where the roof part 10 touches the floor level. Further, the curvature of the roof part 10 provides a strong construction, for which a limited number of support points are sufficient.
  • the covering structure 1 Due to the connection 60, the top line x, the connections 51, 52 and the rigidity of the roof part, the covering structure 1 is a self-supporting construction.
  • a covering structure can be suspended, the suspension points being formed, for instance, by the end points of the top line, or the suspension points being distributed over the top line.
  • FIG. 7 variant embodiment 1' according to the invention is shown, substantially corresponding to the embodiment from Fig. 1. Corresponding parts are designated with corresponding reference numerals, and for brevity's sake, for a description, reference is made to the description of Fig. 1.
  • the covering structure 1' in the plane defined by a connecting rod 51, 52 and the roof edge 11 - 14 situated thereabove, is provided with a side plate, of which side plates 51' and 52' are shown in Fig. 7.
  • the side plate is connected to the overlying roof edge. At the underside, the side plate can, if so desired, be connected to a side rod.
  • the invention provides for the use of these side plates for one or more of the roof edges.
  • the strength and the self-supporting capacity of the covering structure 1' increases.
  • a top plan view of a roof part 10' according to the invention is shown; transversely to the top line x', the perpendicular bisector y' is designated.
  • the limitations of the roof edges 11' and 12' extend from the respective ends of the top line x' to an end point 15'; however, the limitation 15" of the roof part 10' is situated before this end point 15'.
  • both end points 15, 16 and 15', 16' of the, in top plan view, straight boundary lines of the roof part 10, 10' are on the perpendicular bisector y, y'
  • the invention is not limited thereto.
  • the end points can also be on a line in a different plane such as for instance a plane parallel to the plane in which the perpendicular bisector y, y' is situated.
  • a building 100 according to the invention is depicted.
  • the building 100 is provided with a roof 110, corresponding to the roof part 10 of the previous exemplary embodiment.
  • the roof edges of the roof 110 are 111, 112, 113, and 114, respectively.
  • the building 100 is provided with a floor 140 which corresponds to the floor 40 of the first exemplary embodiment.
  • the roof 110 is supported by means of uprights 130 and 120, the uprights 120, 130 being arranged at the points 121 and 131 of the roof 110, corresponding to the extremities 21 and 31 of the roof part 10 of the first embodiment.
  • the building 100 is provided with walls, of which walls 101 and 102 are visible in Fig. 5. These walls 101, 102 extend perpendicularly from the roof edge 111, 112, respectively, to the floor 140, and are thus situated in the respective side planes as described in the first embodiment. According to the invention, these walls, if desired, can be of load-bearing design so as to support the roof 110. Accordingly, if desired, the uprights 120, 130 can be omitted.
  • the internal space of the building 100 as defined by the roof 110, the walls and the floor is usable over the entire floor surface, as the walls are perpendicular to the floor so that, over approximately the entire floor surface, the distance between the roof and the floor is large.
  • the building 100 is placed on pillars which are arranged under the respective angular points of the floor 140, the pillars 141, 142, and 143 being visible in Fig. 5.
  • the floor surface is at a distance from the ground.
  • a different embodiment according to the invention is shown, in the form of a covering structure 200.
  • the covering structure 200 is composed of twelve covering structures 210.
  • Each covering structure 210 substantially corresponds to the covering structure 1 from the first embodiment.
  • each covering structure 210 is provided with a roof part 215, which corresponds to the roof part 10 of the first exemplary embodiment.
  • the respective roof parts 215 are supported by respective columns 220.
  • a single column 220 supports two covering structures 210 positioned side by side, so that a ring of coupled covering structures is obtained.
  • the invention is not limited to the coupling of covering structures which are substantially located in the same plane.
  • the invention also provides for the coupling of covering structures by using the same support column as that shown in this example, with the adjacent covering structures being at mutually different levels. Thus, a more efficient use of the available space is obtained, for instance when used on the slope of a hill.
  • the top line can also have a curved design. In this manner, for instance, a saddle-shaped contour of the roof part can be obtained.
  • the invention is not limited to the applications mentioned by way of example.
  • the invention can be advantageously applied for all possible covering structures and spans, in particular for tents and tent constructions.
  • the covering structure 100 comprises a roof part 10', connected by means of two pillars 20' and 30' to the fixed ground 41'. Under the roof part 10', a floor 40' is situated.
  • a central line x' is situated extending from a first extremity 21' of the roof part 10' to an opposite, second extremity 31' of the roof part 10'. From the line x', the roof part 10' extends to both sides of line x straight downwards, into the respective end points 15' and 16'.
  • the end points 15' and 16' are in the plane of the floor 40' as indicated in Fig. 8. In this example, the end points 15' and 16', forming the extreme part of the roof part 10', are situated at the level of the floor 40'.
  • the roof part 10' has roof edges 11', 12', 13', 14', which define the roof part 10'.
  • the limitation of the respective roof edges 11', 12', 13', 14' is such that the roof edges 11', 12', 13', 14' extend from the central top line x' to the plane of the floor 40', such that, in top plan view, the roof edges 11', 12', 13', 14' have a boundary line extending from one of the extremities 21', 31' of the central top line x' to the respective edge 15', 16' of the roof part 10'.
  • the boundary line of the roof edge 11' extends, in top plan view, from extremity 21' to end point 15'.
  • the angle included by the boundary line 11' and the top line x' is designated with ⁇ 4.
  • the roof edge 12' extends from the extremity 31' to the end point 15' at an angle ⁇ 3 included by the boundary line 12' and the top line x'
  • the roof edge 13' extends from the extremity 31' to the end point 16' at an angle ⁇ 1 included by the boundary line 13' and the top line x'
  • the roof edge 14' extends from the extremity 21' to the end point 16' at an angle ⁇ 2 included by the boundary line 14' and the top line x'.
  • the respective side edges of the roof part 10' are in a side plane defined in that the respective boundary line is in the side plane, and the side plane is directed perpendicularly to the base plane.
  • the side edges 11', 12', 13', 14' define a square surface, which is spanned by the roof part 10'.
  • the angles ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 3 are both 45 °, and the angles ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 4 are also 45 °.
  • the spanned part of the floor 40' is correspondingly square.
  • the roof part 10' as is shown in top plan view in Fig. 9, is of such shape that respective roof edges 11', 12', 13' and 14' of the roof part 10' are above the respective edges of the floor 40'.
  • the invention is not limited to these values for the angles ⁇ 1 - ⁇ 4; the invention provides for the use of included angles ⁇ 1 - ⁇ 4 of less than 90°. Preference is given to an included angle which is between 60° and 30°, in particular between 50° and 40°, so that the floor surface which is covered by the roof part 10' becomes more square-shaped instead of more diamond-shaped. Accordingly, the usable surface under the roof part, with the height and cross-sectional contour of the roof part remaining the same, increases more and more according as an increasingly square covered surface is obtained. According to the invention, for that matter, the angles ⁇ 1 - ⁇ 4 can be mutually different.
  • connection 60' can be formed by a floor, an independent connecting part or a combination of the two.
  • the floor can be made of a lighter design.
  • the points 31' and 21' are respectively connected to the points 15' and 16' by means of the respective roof edge.
  • the roof edge has the function of the connecting part of the preceding embodiments. If so desired, the roof edge can further be provided with a connecting part, so that occurring tensile and pressure forces can be absorbed and distributed over the construction. This has as an advantage that the roof part itself can be of a lighter construction.
  • the connecting part can further be designed so as to be integrated in the roof part.
  • one or more floors can be arranged, extending substantially parallel to the base plane.
  • the invention also provides for the coupling of covering structures according to the invention, by connecting an extremity of the top line of a first covering structure to an extremity of the top line of a second covering structure, the top lines being mutually disposed at an angle such that a roof edge of each of the covering structures contacts another.
  • the base planes of the respective, adjacent covering structures then remain substantially in the same plane.
  • the two covering structures support one another so that a strong entity is obtained. If so desired, several covering structures can be mutually coupled in this manner.
  • the invention provides for the use of this connection for designing the covering structure in the form of a tent, the connection of the roof edges being arranged as a detachable connection, such as, for instance, a zipper.
  • a further variant 300 of a covering structure according to the invention is shown.
  • the covering structure 300 has a roof part 310 extending downwards on a first side of the central line, consisting of two flat parts 350 and 360 mutually disposed at an angle K.
  • a corresponding roof part 310 extends downwards, also with two flat parts 350 and 360, situated relative to each other at an angle L.
  • the covering structure 300 is symmetrical, but the invention also provides non-symmetrical designs wherein, for instance, the roof parts and angles K, L are different on the left and right side of the line X.
  • Fig. 12 shows a cross section of the embodiment 300, together with a cross section of the embodiment according to Fig. 1. This shows that the contour of the roof part 310 follows the contour of the roof part 10 relatively closely.
  • the invention can also be applied using plates which are curved.
  • one or more plates of the roof part can be curved.
  • a curved roof part is preferably curved outwards.
  • a further variant 400 of a covering structure according to the invention is shown.
  • this covering structure 400 has a roof part consisting of two flat roof parts 350, 360.
  • the covering structure is diamond-shaped. In this manner, a more elongated covered space is obtained, which is preferred for certain applications.
  • a further variant 500 of a covering structure according to the invention is shown.
  • this covering structure 500 has a roof part consisting of two flat roof parts 350, 360.
  • the pillars 20, 30 are shorter, so that the maximum height H under the covering structure is lower.
  • a further variant 600 of a covering structure according to the invention is shown.
  • this covering structure has a roof part consisting of two flat roof parts 350, 360.
  • the central roof line x2 extends, in contrast with the covering structure 400, not horizontally, but at an angle. This has as an advantage that the strength of the construction is further enhanced, and, additionally, that the maximum height inside the covering structure varies, which is desirable for some applications.
  • the fold shown between the parts 350 and 360 extends horizontally, parallel to the ground; as a result thereof, the part 350 is somewhat arched.
  • the fold between the parts 350 and 360 is parallel to the roof line x2, so that the parts 350 can have a flat design.
  • FIGs. 16 A-B and 17 A-B an assembly of buildings according to the invention is shown, the buildings in this example having a covering structure according to the above described variant 300.
  • the buildings are situated at two levels; according to the invention, the buildings can be disposed at one or more levels.
  • the buildings can share the side supports.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)
  • Tents Or Canopies (AREA)
  • Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
EP01201163A 2000-03-28 2001-03-28 Structure de couverture Expired - Lifetime EP1138841B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL1014771 2000-03-28
NL1014771A NL1014771C2 (nl) 2000-03-28 2000-03-28 Overkapping.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1138841A1 true EP1138841A1 (fr) 2001-10-04
EP1138841B1 EP1138841B1 (fr) 2004-11-17

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ID=19771094

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01201163A Expired - Lifetime EP1138841B1 (fr) 2000-03-28 2001-03-28 Structure de couverture

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1138841B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE282742T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE60107136T2 (fr)
NL (1) NL1014771C2 (fr)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3868295A (en) * 1974-04-01 1975-02-25 Jr Garret J Boone Geometric building module
WO1988008060A1 (fr) * 1987-04-15 1988-10-20 Angelo Rota Structure porteuse de forme reglable
US5581960A (en) * 1993-09-30 1996-12-10 Lewis; Andrew K. Composite building structure

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3868295A (en) * 1974-04-01 1975-02-25 Jr Garret J Boone Geometric building module
WO1988008060A1 (fr) * 1987-04-15 1988-10-20 Angelo Rota Structure porteuse de forme reglable
US5581960A (en) * 1993-09-30 1996-12-10 Lewis; Andrew K. Composite building structure

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE282742T1 (de) 2004-12-15
DE60107136D1 (de) 2004-12-23
NL1014771C2 (nl) 2001-10-01
DE60107136T2 (de) 2006-03-02
EP1138841B1 (fr) 2004-11-17

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