EP1137350B1 - Casque de protection - Google Patents

Casque de protection Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1137350B1
EP1137350B1 EP99958257A EP99958257A EP1137350B1 EP 1137350 B1 EP1137350 B1 EP 1137350B1 EP 99958257 A EP99958257 A EP 99958257A EP 99958257 A EP99958257 A EP 99958257A EP 1137350 B1 EP1137350 B1 EP 1137350B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shell
zones
helmet
cap
skull
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99958257A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1137350A1 (fr
Inventor
Catalin Obreja
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR9815393A external-priority patent/FR2786670B1/fr
Priority claimed from FR9908536A external-priority patent/FR2786671B3/fr
Priority claimed from FR9912345A external-priority patent/FR2799103B1/fr
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1137350A1 publication Critical patent/EP1137350A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1137350B1 publication Critical patent/EP1137350B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A42—HEADWEAR
    • A42B—HATS; HEAD COVERINGS
    • A42B3/00—Helmets; Helmet covers ; Other protective head coverings
    • A42B3/04—Parts, details or accessories of helmets
    • A42B3/10—Linings
    • A42B3/12—Cushioning devices
    • A42B3/125—Cushioning devices with a padded structure, e.g. foam
    • A42B3/128—Cushioning devices with a padded structure, e.g. foam with zones of different density
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A42—HEADWEAR
    • A42B—HATS; HEAD COVERINGS
    • A42B3/00—Helmets; Helmet covers ; Other protective head coverings
    • A42B3/04—Parts, details or accessories of helmets
    • A42B3/06—Impact-absorbing shells, e.g. of crash helmets

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the production of a cranio-cerebral protection helmet adapted to anatomy of the head and neurosurgical knowledge.
  • the skull has two segments: the neuro-skull that contains the brain and the viscero-skull which represents the skeleton of the face.
  • the present invention relates mainly to cap of the helmet covering the neuro-skull.
  • the hull distributes on the surface and restores to the intermediate cap the almost all of the energy received, even if it is a neurological risk impact (NRI) Student.
  • NRI neurological risk impact
  • the hull does not provide, or virtually no, biomechanical function.
  • the kinetic energy residual is transmitted to the skull and finally to the brain.
  • Neurological disorders immediate consequences that can result are even more serious than the energy transmitted to the brain is higher.
  • IRN includes the impacts that expose the subject to the occurrence of neurological disorders (transient or persistent) despite wearing a helmet designed in the state of the art.
  • EP-A-0183588 a protective helmet consisting of parts together between them by sutures essentially reproducing the cranial sutures. Such a helmet aims to reduce the effects of vibration towards the nerve centers and does not involve cap.
  • Document FR-A-2557437 describes an inner protective helmet cap with different densities from one zone to another so as to distribute evenly the shock energy.
  • the arrangement of the zones of the cap not match resistant cranial areas or fragile areas and does not include shell.
  • the shell of the helmet according to the invention has the ability to undergo deformations or fractures preferably facing areas of maximum resistance of the human skull, in case of IRN.
  • the energy thus absorbed or consumed ensures the reduction of the energy transferred to the head and also to the cervical spine.
  • the risk of post-traumatic quadriplegia secondary to a fracture of the cervical spine will thus also be reduced.
  • Deformations or fractures occur in hull regions containing low resistance (CBR) or low mechanical resistance (ZBR) zones.
  • CBR low resistance
  • ZBR low mechanical resistance
  • the hull according to the invention operates on the same principle as the hull of current motorcycle helmets. From this point of view, the ZBRs and the CBRs operate on the same principle as the "safety valves" of the pressure vessels.
  • the headgear of the helmet according to the invention has a density, or even a hardness, variable and adapted to the resistance of different regions of the cranial vault.
  • the helmet according to the present invention thus a cap with areas of low resistance to crushing - soft - against fragile areas of the human skull, and areas of hate crush resistance - hard - in look at areas of maximum resistance of the human skull.
  • HIC Head Injury Criterion
  • the ZBRs are arranged in the thickness of the shell. CBRs are placed outside the shell thickness.
  • the CBRs can be arranged on one or both surfaces (internal and external) of the shell.
  • Preferably the ZBR or CBR are concentrated facing at least two or four areas of maximum mechanical strength of the human skull.
  • the regions of the median and temporal anterior line will preferably be exempt from their presence to reduce the risk of injury to the upper longitudinal sinus and respectively the average meningeal artery.
  • These anatomical structures are particularly exposed by their position to a high risk of bleeding in case of skull fracture in the vicinity and at the same time these areas of the skull are fragile.
  • FIG. 1 represents, by way of nonlimiting example, a left side view of the portion corresponding to the cranial vault of a protective helmet variant.
  • Fragile areas of the skull are represented by the anterior temporal regions (1), the median line and the paramedian regions (2), in particular frontal (3) and occipital (4).
  • Zones of maximum resistance of the skull are represented in turn by the two fronto-lateral piers (5), the two retro-auricular pillars (6) and the two parietal regions (7).
  • Zones or layers of low resistance may cover less than 20% of the total area of the hull.
  • several ZBRs or CBRs may be in contact with each other or within 10 mm of each other or any solution of continuity such as the ventilation or fastening orifices (jugular, visor, etc.) and thus form a low-resistance spatial grouping (GSBR).
  • ZBRs or CBRs may be in contact with or within 5 mm of the front shell (BFC), lateral (BLC) or posterior (BPC) edge.
  • the large circumference of the hull covering the cranial vault will be called subsequently "the great circumference of the hull" (GCC). Its direction is approximately horizontal. It coincides with the front edge of the hull (BFC) for both helmets than for other types of helmet and is defined by the cross between the plane containing the CFB and the outer surface of the hull.
  • Each ZBR may have a point with minimal tear or shear resistance. This point will then be called the “minimum stress point” (PRM) of the ZBR.
  • PRM minimum stress point
  • the MRP of any ZBR will preferably be located at the one-third of the ZBR furthest away from the CC.
  • Each ZBR has, thanks to its conformation, a minimal resistance direction that corresponds with the direction of the hull fracture that will occur in case of IRN. This direction will later be called the “minimum resistance direction” (DRM) of the ZBR.
  • the angle defined between the DRM and the GCC is preferably between 60 ° and 120 °.
  • the surface dimensions of the ZBRs are variable.
  • the maximum surface diameter - the length - can be at least 20 times greater than their minimum diameter - width.
  • the DRM of a ZBR often matches with its length.
  • the angle defined between the length of the ZBR and the GCC is preferably between 60 ° and 120 °.
  • the ZBR can be made in one variant by reducing the thickness of the shell and making depressions or grooves on at least one of the two surfaces, external or internal, of the hull.
  • Their depth and surface may be variable or gradually changing.
  • the dimensions of the depressions or grooves measured on the surface on parallel cuts at the edge of the hull may vary gradually. exceed, at least in some places, 50% of the thickness of the shell measured near the ZBR on a parallel cut with the edge of the helmet.
  • the length of SCs can be at least 20 times greater than their width. Their length may be greater than 70 mm.
  • the length of the SC measured on any direction passing through the center of the hull may be less than 7 mm, in particular for SCs located on contact within 5 mm of the edge of the shell (BFC, BLC or BPC) or within 10 mm of other hull continuity solutions (such as holes ventilation or fixation) or other zones or layers of low resistance.
  • At least one SC diameter may be less than 3 mm.
  • the ZBRs can be obtained by inclusion in the thickness of the hulls of gas butts or other structures made of a material different from or similar to rest of the hull.
  • the inclusion can also be made on to least one of the hull surfaces. This situation corresponds to a train path or a depression to see an SC filled with the material in question. So lack of substance in the thickness of the shell can be occupied at least partially by inclusions metal with areas having a thickness of less than 80% of the thickness of the shell, are covered at least partially towards both surfaces of the shell by the component main hull.
  • One of these variants is represented by the inclusion in the thickness of the shell of flattened structures and variable shapes, having rigidity, hardness and high mechanical strength. They can be made with the use of metal structures or other materials such as resins, other polymers or composite materials. Unlike composite materials, when resistant fibers are used to enhance the tear strength of the shell, and the case will be described later, the use of solid structures described here achieves a decrease in tear strength; thus favoring, in the event of violent impact, the occurrence of fractures at a distance from the point of impact and with optimal direction. At the same time they increase the resistance of these areas to direct impacts.
  • the thickness of such a structure is variable and preferably measures between 0.5 mm and 3 mm.
  • the thickness of the shell can also be equal, at least in places, to the thickness of the shell but preferably does not exceed it.
  • the surface of the shell corresponding to such a structure is variable and will preferably be between 0.3 and 5 cm 2 .
  • the surface of the hull segments that contain such structures may represent less than 10% of the total area of the hull.
  • These structures can measure between 1 and 3 mm 2 on at least two sections perpendicular to their maximum dimension and located more than 10 mm between them. They may have an oval or polygonal shape in section. Preferably, they are made of metal and have on the surface an isosceles triangle shape, with the base thicker in section and parallel to the maximum perimeter of the shell, or even in contact with or within 5 mm of the edge of the shell.
  • the ZBRs can also be obtained by modifying the density or the orientation of the fibers used (glass, carbon, aramid, metal fibers) before the injection of the resin or polymer in the mold.
  • Areas of low resistance can be achieved by decreasing fiber density by at least 50% from areas near low resistance areas.
  • the zones of low resistance are obtained by the decrease of at least 30% or 50% of the density of the non-radial fibers and long compared to the density of the parallel fibers with their directions and located in regions close to areas of low resistance.
  • Non-radial fibers are defined as fibers whose direction crosses CCG at an angle less than 70 ° or greater than 110 °.
  • Long fibers are defined as fibers that exceed the ZBR limits by at least 10 mm.
  • Another variant consists of the interruption of more than 50% of the long fibers which cross the direction of minimum resistance at any angle, or preferably at an angle between 30 ° and 150 °.
  • the decrease in the density of the long fibers may be at least 50% relative to the parallel fibers, or with their directions angles less than 10 °, and located in areas close to the ZBRs.
  • the long fibers that intersect the direction of minimum resistance at any angle may be absent or interrupted by cutting.
  • additional layers of fibers whose direction crosses the direction of minimum resistance of the ZBR are added in the areas close to the ZBR before injection of the polymer or resin.
  • Another alternative is that of including in the areas near the ZBRs additional fiber bundles making angles of 30 ° - 150 ° with the length of the ZBR.
  • Another variant of obtaining the ZBRs is the arrangement of more than 75% of the fibers contained in the surface corresponding to the ZBR, in directions parallel to the direction of minimum resistance or the length of the ZBR.
  • Areas of low resistance may also consist of several orifices located at less than 10 mm between them.
  • the shell can be made by sectors.
  • Sectors can do body common to each other towards the center of the hull and thus realize, from the start, a piece single polygonal.
  • the number of sectors to be assembled at least partially is variable and will preferably be between 2 and 5.
  • the sectors are assembled producing ZBRs in look at these junctions.
  • the resistance to tearing of the junctions can vary and represents preferably between 30% and 70% of the tear strength of the shell segments nearby. Stamping, hot gluing, the use of adhesive substances or the interlocking of the hook structures that are at least partially removable and adjustable can be considered.
  • the hook structures can be partially removable, integral with one of the segments to be assembled, adjustable, and thus give structures "in They can be manufactured at the same time as the rest of the shell or be added later by any technical process (stamping, gluing, crossing the shell on a part or the whole thickness). Hook structures can be detachable of the two segments to be assembled and thus form "bridge" structures. Structures to hooks can be arranged on a single surface of the shell, preferably the surface internal. This variant is particularly adapted to the situation when the sectors are common to each other towards the center of the hull. In another variant, the structures to Hooks can be arranged on both surfaces of the hull. By their interlocking alternatively (external - internal in section, right - left in surface) they ensure the solidity of all.
  • the zones of low relative resistance of the shell are obtained by reinforcing the zones of the shell located opposite the fragile zones of the skull.
  • the strengthening of the shell facing the fragile areas of the skull can be achieved by the use of rigid and resistant structures of metal, plastic, composites or other materials.
  • the reinforcement of the shell facing the fragile zones of the skull can be obtained by the reduction, progressive or not, of the radius of curvature of the shell towards any solution of continuity located in the reinforced zones of the hull and towards the periphery of the reinforced zones and obtaining hull depressions concentrated next to the resistant zones of the skull and capable of measuring more than 5 mm.
  • the shell of the helmet may also present continuity solutions whose length is at less than 20 times greater than its width.
  • CBR Low resistance layers
  • the CBRs can have a compact or cellular structure.
  • the CBR can be manufactured at the same time as the rest of the shell or be applied secondarily on the surface of a hull made in the state of the art.
  • the low-resistance layer may be applied directly to the contact with the shell or by the interposed of at least one intermediate structure absorbing energy.
  • the CBRs can be obtained by producing the "U", "M” folded structures, each having several contacts with the shell seen in section, or "T", "L”, each having a single contact with the hull seen in section.
  • the thickness of the materials used is variable and may be less than 75% of the thickness of the facing shell.
  • the thickness of the CBRs may exceed 5 mm or even 10 mm.
  • the surface of the hull covered by each CBR can vary between 0.5 cm 2 and 30 cm 2 . At least two-thirds of the CBRs can measure on the surface between 3 cm 2 and 15 cm 2 .
  • Materials identical, similar or different from the rest of the shell can be used for their manufacture. They will preferably be identical with the polymer or resin used for the rest of the shell.
  • the CBR can be manufactured together with the rest of the shell by changing the mold of infection. In another variant they can be manufactured separately CBRs may also have hooks fitted into the hull.
  • the CBR may be located a contact of the outer or inner face of the shell, or remote from the shell, in the thickness of the intermediate cap. In the last variant exposed, the CBR come into contact with the hull at the time of a violent impact, after the crushing of the intermediate cap between the shell and the head.
  • the hull CBRs included in the thickness of the cap increase the crush resistance in these regions of the cap because they have a hardness, a density higher than the groomed, see the density of the cap.
  • the functions of the CBR of the shell included in the thickness of the cap can be provided by the cap itself which has areas of high resistance to crushing - hard - facing -des maximum resistance of the skull and areas of low resistance to crushing - soft - facing the fragile areas of the human skull.
  • a first category of technical solutions concerns the increase in hardness or density of the cuff compared to areas of maximum resistance of the skull and the use of different structures with hardness greater than the hardness of the base material of the cap, located in the thickness of the cap or outside its thickness, on its outer surface and in proximity the shell of the helmet or on its inner face and near the head, or even being integral or integral part of the shell or comfort padding respectively.
  • These hard structures can store by their crushing more energy than the material of base of the cap.
  • the term cap used in this description corresponds to all of the helmet structures that are intended for energy absorption by their crush in the event of an impact, not just the intermediate cap in the classical sense of the term.
  • the notion of hardness is superimposable to that of density. Otherwise, or when using inclusions as described below, the notion of hardness corresponds to better to the results sought by this invention, than the notion of density.
  • the headgear of the helmet according to the invention can be made, by way of non-limiting example based on of expanded polystyrene, expanded polyethylene, expanded polypropylene, foam polyurethane or other products and any combination of these materials.
  • the helmet according to the invention may be integral or non-integral and is particularly intended civil domains (motorcycle - tests, competition and users, automobiles - tests, competition; cycling - competition, users; other sports - skating, skateboarding, winter sports; industrial environment).

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  • Helmets And Other Head Coverings (AREA)
EP99958257A 1998-12-07 1999-12-07 Casque de protection Expired - Lifetime EP1137350B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9815393 1998-12-07
FR9815393A FR2786670B1 (fr) 1998-12-07 1998-12-07 Coque externe pour casques de protection cranio-cerebrale
FR9908536 1999-07-02
FR9908536A FR2786671B3 (fr) 1998-12-07 1999-07-02 Coque pour casques de protection cramio-cerebrale
FR9912345A FR2799103B1 (fr) 1999-10-04 1999-10-04 Casque de protection adapte a l'anatomie du crane
FR9912345 1999-10-04
PCT/FR1999/003035 WO2000033689A1 (fr) 1998-12-07 1999-12-07 Casque de protection

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1137350A1 EP1137350A1 (fr) 2001-10-04
EP1137350B1 true EP1137350B1 (fr) 2005-04-06

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99958257A Expired - Lifetime EP1137350B1 (fr) 1998-12-07 1999-12-07 Casque de protection

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US6604246B1 (ja)
EP (1) EP1137350B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP2002531719A (ja)
CN (1) CN1149024C (ja)
AT (1) ATE292398T1 (ja)
AU (1) AU765483B2 (ja)
BR (1) BR9915989A (ja)
CA (1) CA2354161A1 (ja)
DE (1) DE69924637T2 (ja)
MX (1) MXPA01005864A (ja)
WO (1) WO2000033689A1 (ja)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1334707A (zh) 2002-02-06
DE69924637T2 (de) 2006-06-22
EP1137350A1 (fr) 2001-10-04
MXPA01005864A (es) 2003-06-09
ATE292398T1 (de) 2005-04-15
AU1566600A (en) 2000-06-26
CN1149024C (zh) 2004-05-12
BR9915989A (pt) 2002-01-08
WO2000033689B1 (fr) 2000-08-03
AU765483B2 (en) 2003-09-18
JP2002531719A (ja) 2002-09-24
CA2354161A1 (fr) 2000-06-15
DE69924637D1 (de) 2005-05-12
WO2000033689A1 (fr) 2000-06-15
US6604246B1 (en) 2003-08-12

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