EP1132704A1 - Verfahren zur Trocknung von Holz und Vorrichtung zu dessen Durchführung - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Trocknung von Holz und Vorrichtung zu dessen Durchführung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1132704A1
EP1132704A1 EP01450003A EP01450003A EP1132704A1 EP 1132704 A1 EP1132704 A1 EP 1132704A1 EP 01450003 A EP01450003 A EP 01450003A EP 01450003 A EP01450003 A EP 01450003A EP 1132704 A1 EP1132704 A1 EP 1132704A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cell
air
wood
drying
circulation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01450003A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jean-Christophe Boulouis
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
D'etudes Et Realisations De Travaux Electriques Sertelec Sa Ste
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D'etudes Et Realisations De Travaux Electriques Sertelec Sa Ste
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Publication date
Application filed by D'etudes Et Realisations De Travaux Electriques Sertelec Sa Ste filed Critical D'etudes Et Realisations De Travaux Electriques Sertelec Sa Ste
Publication of EP1132704A1 publication Critical patent/EP1132704A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/06—Controlling, e.g. regulating, parameters of gas supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/02—Circulating air or gases in closed cycles, e.g. wholly within the drying enclosure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/02—Circulating air or gases in closed cycles, e.g. wholly within the drying enclosure
    • F26B21/022—Circulating air or gases in closed cycles, e.g. wholly within the drying enclosure with provisions for changing the drying gas flow pattern, e.g. by reversing gas flow, by moving the materials or objects through subsequent compartments, at least two of which have a different direction of gas flow
    • F26B21/026—Circulating air or gases in closed cycles, e.g. wholly within the drying enclosure with provisions for changing the drying gas flow pattern, e.g. by reversing gas flow, by moving the materials or objects through subsequent compartments, at least two of which have a different direction of gas flow by reversing fan rotation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B9/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards
    • F26B9/06—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards in stationary drums or chambers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the drying of wood, in particular wood. sawn into planks arranged in piles.
  • Such an operation is traditionally carried out in dryers having a drying volume suitable for receiving several stacks of wood which will successively undergo a warm-up phase, then a phase proper drying and, finally, a stabilization phase and cooling before being extracted from the dryer.
  • Drying is ensured by hot air and introduced into the drying according to an automatically regulated process with regard to temperatures and flow rates of heat transfer fluid and the durations of the different phases.
  • the present invention aims very particularly to eliminate or all less reduce the disadvantages of traditional dryers by offering a drying process that better controls the air flow and is more efficient.
  • the circulation of the drying air transversely to said cell is ensured by alternating the direction of circulation periodically at purposes of homogeneous treatment of the two longitudinal sides of the load wood.
  • Such a method makes it possible to distribute speed, homogeneous drying air temperature and humidity upon entering the load of wood in the cell. There is thus a uniform and better drying quality in all parts of the wood batch, regardless of their location, which further reduces the drying time and therefore its cost.
  • the standardization of ventilation conditions also facilitates the control and regulation of the drying process. This is how it is no longer necessary as before to carry out a complex study to define the most representative location of the regulation probes.
  • the warm-up phase consists of subject the load of wood to a flow of hot air supersaturated with water, the temperature is substantially equal to the temperature at the start of drying.
  • water atomization is carried out for example at 90-95 ° C. in the drying air flow.
  • the stabilization and cooling phase is advantageously carried out with humid air, for example by spraying cold water or hot in the drying air.
  • Accelerated and controlled cooling is thus obtained, obtained by latent heat of vaporization, which facilitates the homogenization of moisture in the mass of wood.
  • the air circulation in the phases initial warm-up and final stabilization / cooling is alternately provided periodically for the purpose of uniform processing of two longitudinal sides of the load of wood.
  • the invention also relates to a specifically designed dryer for implementing the above method, as well as a sensor structure drying air humidity meter specifically designed to be used in said process, in particular during the initial stages of implementation temperature and final stabilization and cooling during which the air is likely to reach a supersaturated state, said sensor allowing avoid any condensation of water on it which could disturb the measurement.
  • Figure 1 there is shown schematically in 1 a cell of drying sawn wood in the form of stacks 2, the number of four in Figure 1, boards superimposed flat, in the usual manner.
  • Cell 1 has a generally parallelepiped shape and the charge of wood 2 is placed on a carriage, in the longitudinal axis and in the part central of the cell.
  • a hot battery symbolized in 4 On the sides of the load 2 near the top of the piles 2 is arranged in the space between the wood and the two longitudinal walls 3 of the cell, a hot battery symbolized in 4, constituted in the known manner a network of pipes, connected by pipes 5 to a primary network of thermal fluid 6.
  • the fans are by example of the type in which the wheel works with its nominal efficiency in a direction of circulation and with a degraded yield in the direction of rotation reverse. Also, in order to obtain transverse to cell 1 a sense of alternating circulation with the same flow rate, all the fans being operation, one fan out of two with its nominal direction reverse circulation to that of the other fan. So, for each direction of circulation one fan (9a) out of two will have its wheel driven in the normal direction, however that the other fan (9b) will have its wheel driven in opposite direction of nominal direction.
  • the fans are arranged head to tail with a shift of the ferrules relative to each other, axially, in order to improve the flow conditions in the plenum of recirculation, i.e. the space between the false ceiling 7 and the ceiling 8 of the cell 1.
  • a chamber is formed tranquilization 13 in line with the upper longitudinal angles of cell 1, using concave arched louvers 14 over the entire length of the cell.
  • louvers 14 are further drilled in their central zone of slots horizontal 15 aligned and along the entire length of the tranquilization 13.
  • louvers 16 Opposite the chambers 13, in the connection zone between the space above the load of wood and the space on the sides of the load 2 are arranged other louvers 16 of suitable profile and positioned in depending on the speed profile at the outlet of the ventilation plenum.
  • the association mice 11 and louvers 16 ensures the homogeneous distribution of the air flow on the hot coil 4, as well as over the entire height of the dryer, avoiding air recirculation in the upper layers of the wood load 2.
  • Each ramp 18, 19 is connected by pipes 20, 21 and a valve 22, 23 to a water pressure supply installation in coming from a source symbolized in 24.
  • Source 24 provides suitable water either cold and directly via a pipe 25, either hot, after passing through a tank 26 provided with a heat exchanger 27 connected to the primary thermal fluid network 6, via a pipeline 28.
  • the homogeneous distribution of the flow at the entry of the load of wood also reduces the drying time.
  • the louvers 14 are placed in a sealed manner over the entire length of each upper corner of cell 1.
  • the respective surfaces of the louvers 14 and slots 15 go determined so that the surface minimum flow rate of each plenum, i.e. the section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cell, ie at least equal to 1.7 times the sum of the sections of the slots 15.
  • the pressure inside the plenum chambers 13 is constant which allows for flow velocities at the slots 15 and constant over the entire length of the dryer.
  • the alternation of the brewing is controlled periodically, automatically, by the drying control program.
  • the chimneys 17 on the same side of the cell 1 work either in admitting fresh air or in evacuating fumes.
  • the actual drying phase is preceded, in accordance with another characteristic of the process of the invention, at a phase of implementation temperature at which the load of wood 2 is brought to the temperature set at the start of the drying cycle, operating only in heat transfer, without mass transfer or at least by limiting the mass transfer to avoid mechanical stress which could cause collapses, internal cracks, etc. in the wood
  • the wood is subjected to a flow of hot air in a state of supersaturation, the temperature of the hot air flow being equal to the temperature from the start of drying.
  • the supersaturation is obtained thanks to the ramps 18, 19 by atomization water at 90-95 ° C and at a predetermined pressure and flow rate to ensure its total evaporation with the presence of vesicles of hot water entering in the load of wood.
  • This atomization is achieved by putting into service only one of the two ramps (18 or 19), depending on the direction of mixing in the plenum.
  • atomization will only be carried out in a variable manner, that a fraction of the total duration of the warm-up phase, by example about twenty minutes for a warm-up phase about 2 hours, and in the form of atomization cycles distributed inside of the said phase, depending on the nature of the wood, its degree of dryness, etc.
  • valves 22, 23 are of course connected, as are the valves of the pipes 25, 28, to a computerized control unit (not shown) at which are also connected the various command and control means, and for measuring the various parameters involved in the drying process.
  • alternating brewing is also carried out in both directions and atomization will be done for example by distributed cycles over the entire duration of the phase, the total duration of atomization being low in look at the duration of the stabilization and cooling phase, for example one hour for a stabilization and cooling phase of 2 to 3 hours.
  • Accelerated and controlled stabilization of wood is obtained by heat latent vaporization, which also facilitates the homogeneity of humidity in the mass of wood.
  • the method of the invention not only improves the quality of dried wood (no checks or cracks at the end), but also significantly reduce the total duration and therefore the costs, drying process.
  • Very good drying uniformity over the entire load of wood stored in the dryer thus avoids sorting and pre-drying a volume of wood that can generally represent up to 15 to 20% of the total volume, when using conventional drying techniques.
  • the present invention also relates to an improvement to a air humidity measuring device to make this device all particularly suitable for the process of the invention, and allowing, by its precision and reliability, optimize drying parameters.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment of said measuring device.
  • the apparatus represented at 30 in the figure, comprises an envelope tubular 31 made of thermal insulating material open at both ends and arranged with its axis parallel to the direction (arrows A) of air flow of which we want to measure humidity.
  • the appliance is fixed at distance from a wall 31, for example the ceiling 8, from the cell 1 which may well heard of having several in different places.
  • the casing 31 is at its upstream end, in the direction of the flow A, capped with a cap 33 enclosing between two plates perforated 34 a filter formed of a hydrophobic material 35.
  • the cap 33 is drilled at 36 on its end face to allow air to enter inside the envelope 31.
  • the casing 31 is capped by a cap 37.
  • the device 30 is fixed to the wall 32 by two legs 38 integral upstream and downstream caps 33, 37 respectively.
  • a heat sink means 39 Inside the envelope 31 are successively arranged, upstream to downstream, a heat sink means 39, an element 40 to homogenize the temperature of the air flow internal to the device, a measurement system 41 and means 42 for creating at the downstream end of the envelope a depression capable of creating a flow inside the envelope of determined air.
  • the measuring principle of the device is well known, the invention bearing essentially on the arrangement of the measurement system, illustrated by the figure 3 which will be described later, as well as on the provision of a means 42 to reverse the direction of air circulation inside the appliance.
  • the heat sink means 39 is for example constituted by electric heaters or a light bulb, powered by a cord electric 43.
  • the role of this dissipative means is to lower the relative humidity of air inside the envelope 31.
  • the power dissipated by the means 39 will be determined according to the drying parameters so as to increase the temperature of the order of 4 ° C. to eliminate any presence of water which may be entrained in the sensor or the condensed water upstream of the measured.
  • Element 40 serves to homogenize the temperature of the air flow before reach the sensitive element 41.
  • the element 40 is for example a perforated disc or diaphragm 44, of appropriate diameter.
  • a shield 45 is arranged upstream of the central orifice of the disc 44.
  • the ratio between the internal diameter of the casing 31 and the diameter of the diaphragm 44 is determined to be compatible with the air flow desired circulating in the device 30.
  • the measurement system 41 is according to a known mode of implementation an assembly consisting of a dielectric capacitive type hygrometer polymer, coupled to a temperature measurement sensor. These are connected by a sheath 46 to a module 47 for supplying and processing the signal to provide an indication of RH1 relative humidity and temperature T1.
  • the means 42 serves to draw outside the apparatus 30 a flow of air to measure and pass it inside the device to the measure 41 before evacuating it outside the appliance and the dryer by through a pipeline 48.
  • the means 42 is for example a sonic neck ejector operating at compressed air.
  • a micro-fan can be provided.
  • the forced circulation inside the envelope 31 also aims to reduce the response time of the measurement system 41.
  • the parameter to be measured which is the relative humidity of the flow (A) in which the apparatus 30 is located, is calculated from the parameters measured by the system 41, namely the relative humidity of the air at inside the appliance and the temperature of this air.
  • Figure 3 illustrates an improvement to the apparatus of Figure 2 consisting, in accordance with the invention, of constituting the system 41 under the form of a set of two thermometers one of which (50) is intended for measure a "dry” temperature of the air inside the envelope 31 and the other (51) a "wet” temperature.
  • thermometers 50, 51 can be produced with probes circuit boards, thermistors or thermocouples.
  • thermometer 51 measuring the wet temperature is provided on its sensitive part of a porous envelope 51 kept constantly humid at using a wick 53 dipping into a tank 54 outside the envelope 31 and supplied with water by a pipe 55 and provided with an overflow 56.
  • a well 57 is formed, enveloping said part of wick. This well 57 also provides heating for the water passing through. through wick 53 because the well is in the internal air flow at envelope 31.
  • the absolute humidity of the air (A) taken from the dryer and measured at the interior of the envelope 31 is a function, on the one hand, of the difference between the "dry” temperature and “wet” temperature and, on the other hand, "dry” temperature.
  • the humidity of the drying air inside the appliance is calculated from the measurement of said absolute humidity in the enclosure of the appliance 30.
  • the outlet of the ejector (42) can be, in accordance with the invention, partially closed in order to reverse the flow of air passing through the device.
  • This reversal can be done periodically to avoid entry accidental water in liquid form in the device during the phases humidification (before and after the actual drying phase) does not enters the device in liquid form, the measuring enclosure (31) being during the drying phase placed under vacuum by said ejector.
  • the invention is obviously not limited to the modes of implementation work represented and described above, but on the contrary covers all variants, in particular as regards the means for carrying out the stilling chambers 13, the means ensuring the forced circulation of drying air, water atomization means (18, 19), or the arrangement of the humidity sensor (30).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
EP01450003A 2000-03-01 2001-02-28 Verfahren zur Trocknung von Holz und Vorrichtung zu dessen Durchführung Withdrawn EP1132704A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0002652A FR2805769B1 (fr) 2000-03-01 2000-03-01 Procede de sechage de bois et dispositif pour sa mise en oeuvre
FR0002652 2000-03-01

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EP1132704A1 true EP1132704A1 (de) 2001-09-12

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EP (1) EP1132704A1 (de)
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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103791701A (zh) * 2012-10-31 2014-05-14 杜慕楠 一种软性木材快速干燥窑及其干燥方法
CN104197653A (zh) * 2014-08-26 2014-12-10 大连兆和科技发展有限公司 一种食品烘干系统
CN105066598A (zh) * 2015-08-13 2015-11-18 嘉善五洲无油轴承有限公司 一种轴承烘干设备
CN106288689A (zh) * 2016-09-22 2017-01-04 四川南格尔生物科技有限公司 一种烘房烘干系统及产品烘干方法
CN106802068A (zh) * 2017-01-23 2017-06-06 广州能之原科技股份有限公司 一种隧道式木材单板干燥装置
CN108332530A (zh) * 2017-12-26 2018-07-27 共同科技开发有限公司 一种饲料生产加工用烘干装置
CN111780509A (zh) * 2020-07-15 2020-10-16 昆明飞泉环保科技有限公司 一种智能控温电加热烟草烤房及控制方法

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017190209A1 (en) * 2016-05-04 2017-11-09 Jacques Roy Integrated unit for treatment and drying lignocellulosic material
CN112629188B (zh) * 2021-01-12 2022-04-15 桂平市三寻记食品有限公司 米粉冷热循环烘干方法及系统
CN117404878B (zh) * 2023-10-13 2024-05-24 广东力行智能装备有限公司 一种锂电池电芯快速加热干燥和真空冷却方法及装置

Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR510871A (fr) * 1919-11-28 1920-12-13 Albert Et E Eckenberger Cellules accouplées pour séchoir à double courant d'air vertical à inversion
DE480276C (de) * 1929-07-31 Oswald Heller Dipl Ing Trockenanlage
US1989998A (en) * 1931-02-09 1935-02-05 Moritz L Mueller Dry kiln
DE1051200B (de) * 1954-02-04 1959-02-19 Dr Phil Viktor Vanicek Trocknungskammer fuer in waagerechten Lagen mit Zwischenraum gestapeltes Gut
FR1314520A (fr) * 1961-11-30 1963-01-11 Perfectionnements aux séchoirs à bois
DE1159353B (de) * 1960-04-22 1963-12-12 Haas Friedrich Maschf Kammertrockner mit wahlweise horizontaler oder vertikaler Luftfuehrung
US3566480A (en) * 1967-05-01 1971-03-02 Frederick Noel Hope Johnstone Kilns
DE2403920A1 (de) * 1974-01-28 1975-08-07 Hildebrand Maschbau Robert Vorrichtung zum aendern des lichten querschnittes eines zu- oder abluftrohres einer trockenkammer
US4014107A (en) * 1976-04-07 1977-03-29 Bachrich Jakob L Drying kiln for lumber
EP0142071A2 (de) * 1983-11-09 1985-05-22 Lignomat GmbH Verfahren zum Trocknen von Schnittholz
EP0292717A2 (de) * 1987-05-26 1988-11-30 Brunner Trockentechnik Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Trocknen von Schnittholz
DE3738806A1 (de) * 1987-11-15 1989-05-24 Lignomat Gmbh Trockenkammer zur behandlung von schnittholz
FR2781180A1 (fr) * 1998-07-17 2000-01-21 Fours Et Bruleurs Rey Reacteur de retification du bois

Patent Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE480276C (de) * 1929-07-31 Oswald Heller Dipl Ing Trockenanlage
FR510871A (fr) * 1919-11-28 1920-12-13 Albert Et E Eckenberger Cellules accouplées pour séchoir à double courant d'air vertical à inversion
US1989998A (en) * 1931-02-09 1935-02-05 Moritz L Mueller Dry kiln
DE1051200B (de) * 1954-02-04 1959-02-19 Dr Phil Viktor Vanicek Trocknungskammer fuer in waagerechten Lagen mit Zwischenraum gestapeltes Gut
DE1159353B (de) * 1960-04-22 1963-12-12 Haas Friedrich Maschf Kammertrockner mit wahlweise horizontaler oder vertikaler Luftfuehrung
FR1314520A (fr) * 1961-11-30 1963-01-11 Perfectionnements aux séchoirs à bois
US3566480A (en) * 1967-05-01 1971-03-02 Frederick Noel Hope Johnstone Kilns
DE2403920A1 (de) * 1974-01-28 1975-08-07 Hildebrand Maschbau Robert Vorrichtung zum aendern des lichten querschnittes eines zu- oder abluftrohres einer trockenkammer
US4014107A (en) * 1976-04-07 1977-03-29 Bachrich Jakob L Drying kiln for lumber
EP0142071A2 (de) * 1983-11-09 1985-05-22 Lignomat GmbH Verfahren zum Trocknen von Schnittholz
EP0292717A2 (de) * 1987-05-26 1988-11-30 Brunner Trockentechnik Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Trocknen von Schnittholz
DE3738806A1 (de) * 1987-11-15 1989-05-24 Lignomat Gmbh Trockenkammer zur behandlung von schnittholz
FR2781180A1 (fr) * 1998-07-17 2000-01-21 Fours Et Bruleurs Rey Reacteur de retification du bois

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103791701A (zh) * 2012-10-31 2014-05-14 杜慕楠 一种软性木材快速干燥窑及其干燥方法
CN103791701B (zh) * 2012-10-31 2016-08-03 杜慕楠 一种软性木材快速干燥窑及其干燥方法
CN104197653A (zh) * 2014-08-26 2014-12-10 大连兆和科技发展有限公司 一种食品烘干系统
CN104197653B (zh) * 2014-08-26 2016-08-24 大连兆和科技发展有限公司 一种食品烘干系统
CN105066598A (zh) * 2015-08-13 2015-11-18 嘉善五洲无油轴承有限公司 一种轴承烘干设备
CN105066598B (zh) * 2015-08-13 2017-10-13 嘉善五洲无油轴承有限公司 一种轴承烘干设备
CN106288689A (zh) * 2016-09-22 2017-01-04 四川南格尔生物科技有限公司 一种烘房烘干系统及产品烘干方法
CN106802068A (zh) * 2017-01-23 2017-06-06 广州能之原科技股份有限公司 一种隧道式木材单板干燥装置
CN108332530A (zh) * 2017-12-26 2018-07-27 共同科技开发有限公司 一种饲料生产加工用烘干装置
CN111780509A (zh) * 2020-07-15 2020-10-16 昆明飞泉环保科技有限公司 一种智能控温电加热烟草烤房及控制方法

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Publication number Publication date
FR2805769B1 (fr) 2002-05-31
FR2805769A1 (fr) 2001-09-07

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