EP1131583A1

EP1131583A1 - Device and method for heating and/or ventilating a room

Info

Publication number: EP1131583A1
Application number: EP99942692A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Peter Häusler
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1998-11-20
Filing date: 1999-09-17
Publication date: 2001-09-12
Anticipated expiration: 2019-09-17
Also published as: EP1131583B1; ATE264483T1; WO2000031473A1; DE59909200D1

Abstract

The invention relates to a heating device comprising at least one heat source (1), which can be activated by a combustion process, and an exhaust-gas line (2), as well as to a ventilation device comprising a fresh-air line (3) and an exhaust-air line (5). The heating and ventilation devices are combined to form a unit. The exhaust-gas line (2) and the fresh-air line (3) form a heat exchanger configured as a system of parallel channels (7) in which the air flows can be guided in opposite directions. The exhaust-air line (5) feeds into the exhaust-gas line (2) so that the ventilation function can be maintained fully even outside the heating season. During the heating season the heat source (1) is supplied directly with used ambient air (25).

Description

Device and method for heating and / or ventilating a room

The invention relates to a device for heating and / or ventilating a room according to the preamble of claim 1. The aim of such a device is that components of the heating and components of the ventilation can be conveniently combined and used together.

A ventilation system has become known from GB-A-2 220 475, in which the combustion gases from a heater and exhaust air generated in the room are used to preheat fresh air in a heat exchanger. The exhaust air comes from fume hoods or bathroom fume cupboards.

According to CH-A-665 270, the exhaust pipe of a combustion heater can be used as a ventilation pipe during a heating standstill by means of a deflection flap. Fresh air can be supplied to the room via a line which passes through a heat exchanger acted upon by the exhaust gas line.

The known devices have the disadvantage that the components used for heating and ventilation are not consistently matched to one another, so that no real synergy effect can be achieved. In addition, the transport routes for exhaust air and fresh air, which are sometimes very long in large buildings, are not used at all for heat recovery.

It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a device of the type mentioned which serves as a structural unit for both heating and ventilation, and under optimal operating conditions during and outside the heating period. The design effort is to be reduced and the cost of the entire system is to be reduced while optimizing the heat balance. This object is achieved according to the invention with a device which has the features in claim 1. The joint routing of exhaust gas and fresh air as a parallel duct system creates an elongated counterflow heat exchanger in which the long supply and discharge routes can be optimally used for the heat balance. Any combustion heating system requires a chimney for the removal of the combustion gases. Likewise, fresh outside air usually has to be brought in over long distances for ventilation or used room air must be removed again. The common line routing over a heat exchanger section thus not only results in improved heat recovery, but also considerably simplifies the installations and reduces the construction costs.

The duct system can at least partially form the chimney of the heating device. This chimney-like component allows regular checking and cleaning in a particularly simple manner. Alternatively or simultaneously, the channel system can also run at least partially horizontally or or with an inclination of less than 30 ° to the horizontal. This can be particularly useful in those cases in which a sufficient vertical chimney height is not achieved, for example in low-rise buildings.

In order to achieve an optimal effect on the heat exchanger section, it should have a length of at least 2.5 meters. However, the efficiency of the duct system with regard to its heat exchanger properties largely depends on the choice of material and the design.

The exhaust pipe and the fresh air pipe are particularly advantageously provided with at least one fan each. A forced flow can be achieved to the desired extent. Optimal control is made possible in that the blowers are connected to a control device with the aid of which their delivery rate can be controlled. The control device is preferably also coupled to the control of the heater and can be adjusted to various parameters such as e.g. Temperature, time, air volume etc. can be set.

The heat source is preferably connected to the room via a supply air line, the exhaust air line being designed as a bypass line between the supply air line and the exhaust gas line. In this way, the exhaust air from the room can be wholly or partly supplied to the heat source or, bypassing the heat source, it can be wholly or partly supplied to the exhaust pipe. the. Obviously, it is possible to extract an amount of exhaust air from the room that is larger than the amount of supply air required by the heat source.

A particularly optimal design for the channel system results if it consists of a plurality of channel modules which are arranged one behind the other and / or next to one another and each of which has at least one discharge channel and at least one supply channel. With this modular construction, duct systems adapted to the special conditions can be created depending on the desired performance or the structural conditions.

The channel system or the individual channel modules can consist of metal, in particular aluminum or an aluminum alloy. Relatively complicated profile cross sections can also be produced from this material by extrusion. Alternatively, they can also consist of a mineral material, in particular concrete. Depending on the choice of material, the duct system can also act as a heat store.

This heat storage capacity or the possibilities for use in this regard can be further improved in that the duct system has at least one autonomous additional duct through which a liquid or gaseous medium can be conducted independently of the exhaust gas line and the fresh air line. For example, by passing water through the additional duct, the heat stored in the duct system could be dissipated relatively quickly. In this context, it would also be conceivable to use a heat pump that is operatively connected to the additional duct. In addition, process water could be fed into the additional duct and thereby possibly preheated in a boiler before being heated.

The use of the heat pump in the present case is completely new and cannot be compared with the usual high-performance heat pumps (approx. 8 kW). The heat pump of low output (approx. 1 kW) is only used for domestic water treatment and would also be in operation outside the heating season. It uses the storage chimney as a source, which also stores heat in summer. Finally, it would also be possible to combine direct hot water heating with indirect heating via the heat pump.

Analogous to known ventilation devices, several rooms can of course be connected to the duct system in parallel, each with a separate fresh air branch line and an exhaust air branch line. The volume of air that can be circulated per room can preferably also be individually adjustable.

The heat source can be supplied with combustion air by means of a supply air line which is connected to the exhaust air line. In such a case, the exhaust air line forms a bypass line with which the heat source can be bridged. Alternatively, the supply air line could also be routed completely separately, so that combustion air is taken in from the room parallel to the exhaust air line and possibly only at very specific points.

Depending on the application, sound-absorbing agents must also be installed in certain lines so that, for example, burner noises cannot be transmitted to living rooms.

The device according to the invention is suitable for installation in buildings for private or commercial purposes.

Finally, a combination of the device with other thermal components is possible, e.g. Heat pumps, domestic water heating, etc. Special advantages can be achieved if the duct system has at least some of its heat storage capacity. For example, cool outside air can be conducted through the duct system at night, which extracts heat from the heat accumulator and is thereby heated. At the higher daytime temperatures, on the other hand, heat is supplied to the heat accumulator, thereby cooling the outside air.

The invention also relates to a method for heating and or ventilating a room with the features in independent claim 15. With oil, coal or wood as fuels in particular, there is a risk that solid combustion residues will dry on the inside of the chimney and thereby form a permanent source of danger for chimney corrosion.

If the system is designed correctly, this is avoided in that the heat-inert exchange chimney has permanently low temperatures towards the mouth area. The "cooling" always takes place from above, first with cold fresh air, but then, depending on the system variant, with cold process water and / or with a heat pump that uses the surplus that is still present shortly before leaving the house as a heat source. As a result, the dew point for all combustion gases (gas, oil, wood, coal) is constantly and far below, so that a permanent, almost complete condensation of the exhaust gases can be guaranteed, regardless of the return temperature of the heat generation. In this arrangement, the last and therefore cleanest condensate is inevitably generated at the top of the chimney, and permanently wets the wall of the entire flue pipe underneath when it runs off. This leads to a flushing off of the combustion residues and an improved heat transfer value between the exhaust gas and the wall.

The additional coupling of the chimney with a heat pump is another advantageous option. During the heating season, as always, the excess combustion that is always available can be used, and outside the usually relatively short heating season, in every well-insulated house there is excess air heat due to solar radiation, which, with the help of the ventilation function, enters the heat-bearing fireplace and temporarily stores it, a heat pump as Can serve as a heat source. It can therefore be dimensioned to a minimum, can be operated with long runtimes and a very good number of labor, and is an ideal addition to the combustion function.

Embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings and are described in more detail below. Show it:

FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a device according to the invention using the example of gas, oil, wood or coal heating, FIG. 2 shows an alternative exemplary embodiment with a fireplace as a heat source,

FIG. 3 shows a further exemplary embodiment with a plurality of rooms connected in parallel,

FIG. 4 shows a perspective illustration of a plurality of metal duct modules lying side by side,

Figure 5 shows a cross section through an alternative embodiment of a channel module

Metal,

FIG. 6 shows a cross section through an alternative exemplary embodiment of a channel module made of a mineral material,

FIG. 7 shows a longitudinal section through part of the channel module according to FIG. 6 in an enlarged view,

FIG. 8 shows a perspective illustration of a plurality of channel modules made of mineral material arranged side by side,

FIG. 9 shows a cross section through a further alternative exemplary embodiment of a channel module made of mineral material,

Figure 10 is a schematic view of a building with a figure made of modules

9 existing fireplace,

FIG. 11 shows a cross section through a further channel module made of mineral material with an additional channel,

Figure 12 is a side view of the module according to Figure 11, and

FIG. 13 shows a perspective illustration of the module according to FIG. 11. The device shown in FIG. 1 has a heat source 1, which can be a furnace that can be used with all common fuels, for example an oil burner. The exhaust gases 23 from the combustion process are discharged via an exhaust pipe 2. The burner 1 is combined with a boiler 18 which is connected to a water reservoir 20 via a water circuit 19. The water circuit 19 is used in a manner known per se for heat distribution.

For the ventilation of the room 4, fresh air 21 is drawn in via a fresh air line 3 with the aid of the blower 9. The used room air 24 is again extracted as exhaust air 22 via an exhaust air line 5 with the aid of a blower 10.

The exhaust air line 5 opens into the exhaust gas line 2 after the boiler 18. The blower 10 also serves to discharge the exhaust gases.

The burner 1 is supplied with supply air 25 which is withdrawn from the room 4. For this purpose, a supply air line 17 is provided, which is connected to the exhaust air line 5. The exhaust air line 5 and the supply air line 17 can be opened or closed in opposite directions or also individually by means of a double flap 13. To coordinate and control the individual flows, the blowers 9 and 10 are connected to a control device 12, which is preferably also coupled to the burner control (not shown here) and to the control of the double flap 13.

The exhaust gas line 2 and the fresh air line 3 are formed via a heat exchanger section 6 as a parallel channel system 7, the channels of which are thermally operatively connected to one another and in which the flows can be conducted in countercurrent. At the same time, this duct system forms a chimney 8, which could extend over several floors, for example.

When the device is operating, fresh air is drawn in through the duct system 7 to ventilate the room 4. The exhaust air from room 4 is supplied to the burner 1 in whole or in part as preheated supply air in the heating period and is in turn released as exhaust gas to the outside atmosphere. A particularly high heating efficiency is achieved through the heat exchange in the duct system. The permanent function of the room ventilation results in a permanent slight heat loss despite the heat recovery, which is entered and stored as cooling from the mouth in the slow fireplace. The periodic combustion with its still considerable residual heat (especially in the form of condensation heat) fills the chimney from below. Thanks to its thermal inertia, its wall is positioned at an average temperature between these effects. This medium temperature "swings" slightly upwards and downwards according to the periodic heat input or heat withdrawal. Both the "power loss" of the ventilation and the heating power of the residual heat (the combustion gases) run in step, both directly proportional to the fluctuating outside temperature, so that this chimney center temperature fluctuates only relatively slightly; Heating and cooling balance out. This results in various synergies of the two processes, including a very high combustion efficiency but also, for example, frost protection for ventilation in very cold weather, or pleasant preheating of the incoming air entering the room, which is greatest when the outside temperature is low due to the low outside temperature Heat generation makes major contributions.

In addition to the exhaust gas line 2 and the fresh air line 3, the chimney 8 has an additional channel 39 which also extends over the heat exchanger section 6 or at least over a part thereof. The additional duct is connected on the input side to a process water connection 49 which feeds process water into the system under the customary water pressure. The outlet line 50 of the additional channel leads to the water reservoir 20, preheated service water being supplied with each process water withdrawal. At the same time, the additional line 39 is also connected to a heat pump circuit 48 which is provided with a heat pump 47. This is also in operative connection with the water reservoir 20 and thus increases the temperature of the service water.

The alternative device according to FIG. 2 has an open fireplace or fireplace 26 as the heat source, but the functional features are essentially the same as in the embodiment according to FIG. 1. The furnace opening can be closed with a door 27 if desired. The combustion gases 23 are passed through an afterburning chamber 28 and then through a quick heat exchanger 29 made of metal. A slow heat exchanger 30, for example made of concrete, connects to the nimble heat exchanger. The two heat exchangers 29 and 30 together form the channel system 7 on the heat exchanger section 6.

For room ventilation, fresh air is drawn in from the outside via the fresh air line 3 and, after being passed through the inert heat exchanger 30, discharged into the room 4 via a lower flap 33, preheated. By actuating the upper flap 32, with the aid of the fan 35, completely or partially used room air can also be sucked in, which is fed completely into the supply air line 17 as supply air 25 when the lower flap 33 is closed. From there it reaches an afterburner 28 partly into the afterburner 28 and partly directly into the fireplace 26.

Similar to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, room air 24 can be fed directly into the exhaust pipe 2 via an exhaust air pipe 5. Here too, the conduit upstream of the furnace can be completely or partially closed off by means of the flap 13.

The nimble heat exchanger 29 has the advantage that the supply air is preheated shortly after firing, so that the combustion can take place at higher temperatures. In contrast, the slow heat exchanger has a particularly high heat storage capacity, so that cool fresh air can be warmed up and emitted into room 4 long after the fire has gone out. The two fans 34 and 35 can of course be controlled separately.

FIG. 3 shows the parallel connection of several rooms 4a, 4b, 4c via a common fresh air line 3 and a common exhaust air line 5. The primary heating in the individual rooms takes place, for example, via the radiators 38 which are connected to the water circuit 19. The desired ventilation intensity can be set individually in each room. Alternatively, the supply air line 17 could also receive a minimal basic requirement of supply air via an automatically opening flap or the like. In the area of the heating device, the exhaust air line 5 obviously forms a bypass line 36. In the embodiment shown in Figure 3, the channel system 7 is only partially designed as a vertical chimney 8. To optimize the efficiency, the duct system also has an approximately horizontal section 37.

The modular design of the channel system 7 is described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 4 to 8. 4 shows a plurality of channel modules 14a to 14e made of aluminum or of an aluminum alloy lying side by side. Each duct module has a group of discharge ducts 15 and feed ducts 16. The central region 44 is milled out at an end section of the duct system, so that the discharge ducts 15 and the feed ducts 16 can be tapped off in a simple manner and carried on in separate lines. The individual channel modules can be easily manufactured as extruded profiles.

The duct module according to FIG. 5 also has groups of discharge ducts 15 and feed ducts 16. In between, however, there is an additional duct 39 through which a third medium, e.g. Water for cold water preheating or a heat transfer fluid for the operation of a heat pump can be coupled. Obviously, the heat exchange between the discharge channels 15 and the supply channels 16 can also be influenced via this third medium.

The outside dimensions of the duct modules are adapted to the expected air turnover and the desired exchange performance. The length is chosen so that as few butt joints as possible are necessary. It is conceivable to provide the entire chimney as a unit and to install it in the building.

According to FIGS. 6 and 7, a monolithic channel module 14 is made of fiber concrete. It is interspersed with a large number of parallel discharge channels 15 and feed channels 16. The channels are alternately arranged in rows. Each row either carries only fresh air or only exhaust gas or. Exhaust air. The individual channels are thermally coupled over the mineral body.

The row arrangement also has the advantage that the channels can be easily unbundled at the ends. This is shown in Figure 7, which is a section through the upper end of the channel module 14 shows. The lower end is constructed essentially the same. As can be seen from the figure, 16 parallel grooves 41 are milled in the area of the rows of the feed channels. The ends of these ducts are at a lower level than the ends of the discharge ducts 15. This structure allows the ducts to be separated or brought together easily, for example with the aid of a plate 42 with longitudinal slots 43. As indicated by arrows, the fresh air flows through the grooves 41 into the supply channels 16 while the exhaust air or exhaust gases exit through the slots 43.

As an alternative, the channels can be unbundled according to FIG. 8 by stacking a plurality of stepped individual modules 14, 14 ', 14 "next to one another.

A further embodiment of a mineral channel module 14 is shown in a horizontal section in FIG. 9. The module itself is formed by an extruded fiber-concrete profile, which is approximately the same as that according to FIG. 6. The module with the groups of discharge channels 15 and feed channels 16 is surrounded on all sides by an auxiliary body 45 made of cast concrete. A spiral additional line 46 runs in the auxiliary body for coupling a third medium, e.g. a heat exchange fluid.

The application of the module according to FIG. 9 is shown in FIG. 10. Here the duct system 7 is used for temperature control in a building. As indicated by the arrows, the channel system can be used in various ways, e.g .:

a) Fresh air flows through the duct system from top to bottom and is blown into the interior, while at the same time exhaust air from the interior is directed through the duct system from bottom to top and released to the outside. As a result, the temperature of the supply air is adjusted to that of the extract air.

b) Indoor air is blown through the duct system as circulating air. Depending on the temperature of the air and the duct system, heat can be transferred from the air to the duct system or vice versa. The room air can, for example, be Guide channels 16 are performed by sucking them in through an opening 32 (FIG. 2) and releasing them through the combustion chamber 26.

c) Outside air is blown through the duct system. This can e.g. the canal system can be cooled at night. The exhaust air heated in this way can be discharged to the interior or to the outside as required.

At the same time, the duct system is connected to a heat pump 47 via the additional line 46. The heat pump can be used to supply heat to or remove heat from the duct system 7 by pumping cold or warm water through the line 46. The heat pump is additionally connected to a water reservoir in a known manner, e.g. with a hot water tank. Thanks to the large heat capacity of the duct system 7, the heat pump need not be very efficient. If e.g. Short-term intense solar radiation causes the temperature in the interior to rise, ambient air is circulated through the duct system and warms it, i.e. the duct system is used as an intermediate storage for the otherwise excess heat to be ventilated.

Figures 1 1 to 13 show a further variant of a heat-storing chimney module with an additional channel 39. The structure of the module extruded from fiber-reinforced concrete is similar to the embodiment according to Figures 6 and 7. In a homogeneous block of material, discharge channels 15 and supply channels 16 are alternately arranged side by side arranged. The supply air is fed in via the grooves 41, with each of which a series of supply channels 16 is connected to one another. In contrast to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 9, however, one or more additional channels 39 are arranged in a meandering shape between the channels 15 and 16. These channels can be embedded in the form of a pipe coil when pouring or extruding the concrete module.

Claims

claims

1. Device for heating and / or ventilating a room (4)

With at least one heat source (1) that can be activated by a combustion process, an exhaust gas line (2) for discharging the combustion gases (23), a fresh air line (3) for supplying fresh air (21) into the room (4), and one into the exhaust gas line (2 ) leading exhaust air line (5) for removing exhaust air (22) from the room (4), and with a heat exchanger for the heat exchange between the fresh air and the combustion gases or the exhaust air,

characterized in that the exhaust pipe (2) and the fresh air pipe (3) for forming the heat exchanger on a heat exchanger section (6) are designed as an approximately parallel channel system (7), the channels of which are thermally operatively connected to one another and in which the flows can be conducted in countercurrent are.

2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the channel system (7) at least partially forms the chimney (8) of the heating device.

3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the channel system (7) extends at least partially horizontally or with an inclination of less than 30 ° to the horizontal.

4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the heat exchanger section has a length of at least 2.5 meters.

5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the exhaust line (2) and the fresh air line (3) are each provided with at least one blower (9. 10).

6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the blowers are connected to a control device (12) and that their delivery rate can be controlled to change the intensity of the heating and / or ventilation process.

7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the heat source (1) is connected to the room (4) via a supply line (17) and that the exhaust air line (5) as a bypass line between the supply air line (17) and the exhaust pipe (2) is formed, the exhaust air from the room being able to be supplied entirely or partially to the heat source (1) or being bypassed the heat source entirely or partially to the exhaust pipe.

8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the channel system (7) consists of a plurality of channel modules (14) which are arranged one behind the other and / or next to one another and each of which at least one discharge channel (15) and at least has a feed channel (16).

9. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the channel system consists of metal, in particular aluminum or an aluminum alloy.

10. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the channel system consists of a mineral material, in particular of concrete.

11. The device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the channel system has at least partially a heat storage capacity.

12. Device according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the channel system has at least one autonomous additional channel through which a liquid or gaseous medium can be conducted independently of the exhaust gas line and the fresh air line.

13. The apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that the additional channel is operatively connected to a heat pump.

14. Building with at least one device for heating and / or ventilation according to one of claims 1 to 13.

15. A method of heating and / or ventilating a room, wherein

heating heat is generated by burning a fuel, the combustion gases are removed via an exhaust pipe (2), fresh air is supplied to the room (4) via a fresh air pipe (3). and wherein the fresh air is preheated in a heat exchanger which with the

Exhaust pipe is operatively connected,

characterized,

that the exhaust air from the room is either completely supplied to the combustion process as supply air, or partly supplied to the combustion process and partly led into the exhaust line, or completely led into the exhaust line.

16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that the exhaust air or the exhaust gases on the one hand and the fresh air on the other hand for heat exchange via a heat exchanger section in countercurrent in a channel system with approximately parallel channels.

17. The method according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that heat from the exhaust air or from the exhaust gases or from the fresh air is stored during an operating phase in the walls of the duct system and is released to the fresh air again during a subsequent operating phase.

18. The method according to any one of claims 15 or 17 in combination with claim 16, characterized in that an additional liquid or gaseous medium is fed into the heat exchanger via the heat exchanger section or at least part thereof through an autonomous additional channel, which feeds or dissipates heat .

19. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that process water is fed into the autonomous additional channel and thereby possibly preheated in a boiler before heating.