DE102007063009B4 - Method for ventilating objects and device for ventilating objects, in particular air conditioning system - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for ventilating objects using a heat recovery system (3) with a circulation system (4) for energetic coupling between at least one exhaust air stream (AB) and at least one, at least one consumer (R) supplied supply air (ZU) via a circuit (5), in which by means of at least one heat pump (14), which is arranged outside the circuit composite system (4), the circuit (5) of the circuit composite system (4) heat is withdrawn and the supply air flow (ZU) in the flow direction behind the energetic, in particular heat technology coupling with the Exhaust air stream (AB) or at least one receiving heat storage or at least one consumer (R) outside the circuit composite system (4) is supplied, characterized in that the heat pump (14) the circuit (5) of the circuit composite system (4) via at least two to the circuit (5) coupled heat exchanger (PWT1, PWT2) removes heat, one of which in the back run (12) of the circuit (5) from the exhaust air flow (AB) and the other in the flow to the exhaust air flow (AB) is arranged, wherein in dependence on the outside temperature, the coupling via the first or second heat exchanger (PWT1, PWT2).

Description

The invention relates to a method for ventilating objects using a heat recovery system with a closed loop system for energetic, in particular heat engineering coupling between at least one exhaust air stream and at least one, at least one consumer feedable supply air flow through a circuit. The invention further relates to a device for ventilation of objects, in particular ventilation system with a heat recovery system, comprising a closed circuit system with a circuit, in particular closed circuit for energetic, especially heat engineering coupling between a supply air and an exhaust air flow to guide the supply air to at least one consumer.

A device for ventilation of objects, in particular air conditioning system comprises at least one exhaust air flow leading channels or pipes and a supply air flow leading channels or pipes, which are thermally coupled together via a closed loop circulation system in the form of a closed circuit. For this purpose, each of the exhaust air flow and the supply air flow are passed through a heat exchanger, is also passed through the closed circuit in countercurrent principle. The direction of flow of the medium in the circulation is carried out by the supply air flow in the direction of the exhaust air flow, this direction is referred to as the flow to the exhaust air and the, the return direction realizing lines as return of the circuit for thermoelectric coupling between supply and exhaust air flow. In this circuit are also optionally provided in the return means, over which, as needed, an additional heating of the recirculating medium or cooling takes place by this is performed via heat exchangers, which are thermally coupled with corresponding heating and cooling circuits. The supply air is supplied to one or more consumers in the form of Luftnacherhitzern for heating room air. This arrangement has the advantage of using the energy contained in the exhaust air for the supply air. In addition, a corresponding temperature for the supply air can be made by the means mentioned in the return. A major disadvantage of such systems, especially in applications with high demands on a uniform ventilation of rooms, which must be guaranteed throughout the year, such as in laboratories or rooms where working under clean room conditions, is that a design of the systems to a theoretical possible and only over a negligible small operating margin required peak demand must be made. The full utilization of the available power through the system is thus only a short time, while the main useful life of such systems over the year viewed only by a basic load is characterized. Due to the over-dimensioning required for individual cases, the system has power reserves that can be used.

From the publication DE 26 099 58 A1 an arrangement for cooling and heating of ventilation air is previously known, which comprises a cooling and heat recovery assembly having a combined heat pump / heat recovery system, which is switchable by the control of a plurality of valve devices in the summer on cooling and in winter on heating. This heat recovery system consists in its simplest embodiment of two finned batteries, one of which is located in the supply air and the other in the exhaust air flow and between which a liquid, for example a water-glycol mixture, circulates. The lamellar batteries are used in the winter to reinforce with the aid of a chiller through the liquid circuit to the supply air flow supplied or carried away with the exhaust air heat. In summer, the same lamellar batteries serve to cool with the aid of the chiller through the liquid circuit the supply air flow or dissipate the heat through the exhaust air flow. Such an arrangement is characterized by low energy consumption. The integration of the chiller in the circuit composite system is characterized by the formation of a corresponding circulation for a primary and a secondary circuit, in which case, depending on the circuit of the individual valves, the water-glycol mixture in the different sections of the circuit composite system, in particular either the primary circuit or secondary circuit is pumped. The resulting additional energy savings compared to conventional systems is limited and limited to ambient temperatures less than 0 ° C. The design is only fully functional if the supply air is not humidified, otherwise unwanted icing may occur.

The publication DE 33 24 114 A1 discloses a system in which a heat recovery takes place with the heat pump, ie the heat pump, in particular evaporator and condenser side are completely integrated or integrated in the circulation system of heat recovery. The heat pump removes heat from the heat transfer medium flowing into the exhaust air heat exchanger in the circulation system and feeds it back to the heat transfer medium of the circulation system that flows into the supply air heat exchanger. For a desired use of excess heat from the circulation system there is a decoupling of the heat recovery, ie the circuit composite system from the exhaust air heat exchanger. In this operating state, there is no longer a circulatory system between inlet and exhaust air heat exchanger, and thus no heat recovery that can be achieved via this. These designs are characterized by a high cost. Furthermore, it requires the operation of the heat recovery increased drive power for the heat pump. The publication EP 1 637 813 A1 discloses a heat recovery system and a refrigerator, in which the waste heat of the refrigerator is led away via the exhaust air heat exchanger without further use with the aim of cooling the supply air or an external refrigeration consumer. In winter operation, the arrangement is operated without the use of a heat pump, in summer mode there is no heat recovery between inlet and exhaust air heat exchanger, but the chiller is used directly for cooling the supply air.

A generic method for ventilating objects using a heat recovery system with a closed loop system for energetic coupling between at least one exhaust air stream and at least one, at least one consumer (R) supplied supply air flow through a circuit in which heat is withdrawn by means of at least one heat pump the cycle of the circuit composite system and the supply air flow is supplied in the flow direction behind the energetic, in particular heat technology coupling with the exhaust air stream, is off DE 2922179 C2 previously known.

Other versions of the heat energy recovery for different applications are previously known from various documents. Acting becomes on DE 100 58 273 A1 directed. In this, the existing heat in the exhaust air is recovered by the fact that a hot water tank is provided, which is heated by a heat pump unit. From the publication WO 00/31 473 A1 a device and a method for heating and / or ventilating a room is previously known, in which at least one activatable by a combustion heat source, an exhaust pipe for discharging the combustion gas, a fresh air line for supplying fresh air into a room, an exhaust duct for discharging exhaust air are provided from the space and a heat exchanger for the heat exchange between the fresh air and the combustion gases of the exhaust air, wherein the exhaust pipe and the fresh air line are formed to form the heat exchanger on a heat exchanger section as a parallel channel system whose channels are heat-side in operative connection with each other and in which the Currents are countercurrent feasible. The guidance in the countercurrent principle of exhaust gas and fresh air over a longer feed and Abführweg is used for the heat balance. Furthermore, the common wiring on a heat exchanger section in addition to improved heat recovery also simplifies the installation and reduce the cost of construction.

In the publication DE 198 24 315 A1 a heat pump compact apparatus for controlled ventilation and heat energy supply of low energy buildings and passive houses is described. In this case, the incoming outside air is heated from the supplied building air and supplied to the building as effluent building supply and / or heated process water. At least one heat exchanger is provided which extracts thermal energy from the building exhaust air and delivers it to the building supply air. Further, the heat exchanger is followed by a heat pump, which causes an additional heating of the building supply air by further heating of the heat exchanger flowed through the building exhaust air. As a primary energy source while a gas burner in the building exhaust air flow is preferably upstream of the heat exchanger.

The publication DE 37 02 080 A1 describes an embodiment for supplying a heat-absorbing consumer via two systems, namely a basic system consisting of a fuel or heatable by electric current heat source and a heat pump, wherein in each case a switchover to one of the two systems takes place depending on economic considerations.

In particular, in systems for ventilation of rooms, in which case depending on the application certain requirements for the room temperature and compliance with these are to be set, it is of particular importance when using thermal energy recovery systems to control them in a similar manner so that the conditions mentioned are met. This is often only possible with very high additional effort and additional energy input.

The invention is therefore based on the object, a device and a method for ventilation of an object to further develop such that the disadvantages mentioned are avoided. In the foreground is an exploitation of power reserves in the operating states of the system in which only a basic power coverage is guaranteed. The design effort is not significantly increased compared to existing systems and the control engineering effort is kept low. Furthermore, it is desirable that the solution according to the invention in existing systems that with Circular composite systems work, can be retrofitted in a simple manner.

The solution according to the invention is characterized by the features of claims 1, 17 and 20. Advantageous embodiments are described in each case in the subclaims.

A method for ventilating objects using a circulation network system for energetic, in particular heat technology coupling via a circuit between at least one exhaust air and at least one, at least one consumer supplied supply air flow is characterized in that by means of at least one heat pump the circuit is removed as heat reservoir heat and a receiving heat storage or consumer is supplied outside of the circuit composite system. According to a particularly advantageous embodiment, the heat withdrawn from the circuit is supplied to the supply air flow in the flow direction behind the heat technology coupling with the exhaust air stream, preferably via one or more Luftnacherhitzer.

Supply air flow is understood here to mean the air flow supplied to it for ventilation of rooms, which is provided from the environment as outside air or another system as circulating air or already as pretreated air and is heated or cooled via the circulation system.

Under thermal and refrigeration coupling the energetic coupling, in particular all processes of energy or heat transfer, the heat transfer and the heat conduction between two media understood. The coupling can take place directly between the two media or indirectly via transmission means, for example a fluid.

The solution according to the invention makes it possible in a simple manner to change the temperatures within the circuit in the circulation system, which in each case interacts energetically with the supply and exhaust air flow. The medium is guided in the circulation of the circulatory system in a line system. By analogy, this also applies to the volume flows from supply and exhaust air. By supplying the extracted heat either to the present after the heat technology coupling supply air or the consumer makes it possible to significantly reduce the otherwise required for further treatment, in particular heating of the supply air energy. The savings potential for the energy requirement lies in the double-digit percentage range. The effort to constructively implement is relatively low. Depending on the design, the coupling of the circulation of the heat pump to the circuit of the composite system with little additional effort can be done free of modifications in the routing of the circuit composite system.

According to a particularly advantageous embodiment, the heat pump can be coupled with the circuit optionally thermally. This means that this is not necessarily always in use, but it can also give operating conditions in which the influence of the heat pump is not required, which can then be turned off in these operating conditions or thermally decoupled from the circuit.

According to a second alternative, by means of at least one heat pump, a circuit, preferably a refrigeration circuit, is deprived of heat and introduced into the circuit assembly system. This is particularly advantageous under the boundary conditions under which the system circuit composite system with heat removal from the circulation by means of heat pump is no longer operable, which is the case especially in outdoor temperatures in the negative region.

The energetic coupling takes place in the simplest case by guiding the lines of the circuit of the heat pump and the circuit composite system via a heat exchanger. The cost of the heat exchanger is low.

The connection of the heat pump according to the first alternative to the circuit can be done locally in different ways. In this case, a distinction is essentially made between two arrangements, a first arrangement, which is arranged by the heat engineering coupling of the heat pump in the flow direction or flow direction in the composite circuit from supply air to exhaust air flow in the flow or in a further embodiment in the flow direction from the exhaust air to the supply air, d. H. is arranged in the return. The withdrawal of heat energy or the introduction of energy in these areas has different consequences. According to the first alternative, in the case of the arrangement in the flow, heat is removed from the medium conducted in the circulation system and thus the temperature of the medium guided in the circulation system is lowered, which leads to an increase in the heat absorption of the composite circuit when flowing through the heat exchanger in the exhaust air. On the other hand, in the case of an arrangement in the return of the circulating composite system, heat is removed from the medium conducted in the circulating composite system and the temperature of the medium conveyed in the circulatory system is lowered, thereby reducing the energy required for cooling the supply air flow.

The introduction of heat according to the second alternative in the return has the advantage of additional heating of the Circulation composite system, preferably the return at low additional energy input. This is particularly advantageous if the design-related maximum power of the circulation system for the heat recovery has already been reached.

Subsequent explanations refer to the first alternative. The possible arrangement options can now be used optimally to optimize certain operating conditions in terms of energy balance. These can be characterized by different temperature ranges. In essence, a distinction is made between a so-called summer and a winter operation. Summer operation is characterized by temperatures above a predefined limit temperature. If such a temperature is determined in a controller for this system, the heat pump is automatically coupled to the return to the supply air flow in the circulation system. In this case, a lowering of the temperature of the medium in the circulation system is effected, which then flows through the heat exchanger for the supply air flow and thus further cooling takes place or the energy required to cool the supply air flow decreases.

In the so-called winter operation, d. H. At temperatures below the above limit temperature, the heat pump is preferably coupled in the flow to the exhaust air flow in the circuit system and thus significantly increases the theoretically possible heat input of exhaust air in the composite circuit, which may lead to a reduction of additional heating demand.

Due to the modified mode of operation as a function of the ambient temperatures, it is also possible to use the available energy in the exhaust air and in the composite circuit in an optimal manner and use for the appropriate purposes.

According to a particularly advantageous further development, the heat removal via the heat pump can be performed as needed for supply to the supply air flow in the flow direction behind the heat technology coupling with the exhaust air flow and / or to one or more consumers. The supply can be carried out directly via at least one heat exchanger in the refrigerant circuit or indirectly by means of an intermediate circuit, which optionally has an additional independent from the heat pump heat supply. Both solutions have the advantage that only the energy actually required is withdrawn from the circuit composite system and optionally no additional energy input is required. The second solution also has the advantage that the supply of the consumers is ensured in the event of failure of the heat pump.

For example, if a plurality of consumers are provided, which are thermally coupled with a central heating circuit, the heat extracted by means of a heat pump the circuit composite system heat is supplied to the central heating circuit. The central solution has the advantage that only one temperature in the heating circuit is to be controlled and / or regulated. The design and control engineering effort is low and the system can be extended by more consumers as desired.

In another alternative embodiment, a plurality of consumers is provided, which are each thermally coupled with a heating circuit. The extracted by a heat pump the circulation system composite heat is then fed to the individual heating circuits.

In a particularly advantageous application, the supply air flow present after the energetic coupling of the supply air stream with the exhaust air stream via the circulating composite system is fed to at least one air heater which can be coupled to a heating circuit and the heat extracted from the circulation system by means of a heat pump is supplied to the heating circuit for reducing the energy input required for the air secondary heaters , The heat pump is then controlled in an advantageous manner depending on a desired or required flow temperature in the heating circuit.

The heat pump is preferably designed as a compression heat pump. This is easy to integrate into an existing system. This is a mechanical system that extracts energy, in particular heat, from a heat reservoir located at a relatively low temperature level using mechanical drive energy and supplies it to another heat store which already has a higher temperature level, which is then heated. The heat pump consists of a compressor, an evaporator, a condenser and an expansion valve. To drive the compressor, a corresponding drive machine is provided. Between these components, a refrigerant circuit is guided. Here, the evaporator with the lower-temperature heat reservoir, here the circulation of the circulation system in the heat exchange. The refrigerant vapor is drawn in and compressed by the compressor, causing the vapor to rise to a higher temperature level. This is then liquefied again by cooling in the condenser. The released heat energy is transferred to the higher tempered heat storage issued. According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the heat removed from the composite circuit is introduced into a central heat supply system for after air heaters.

With regard to the structural design of the solution according to the invention, there are a number of possibilities. However, this is characterized at least by the leadership of a supply air flow and the leadership of an exhaust air flow. The guidance takes place via a pipeline or canal system. Both air streams are at least indirect, d. H. not connected directly, but via one or more heat exchangers. The composite circuit is filled with a carrier medium which circulates in this and by heat transfer and heat transfer removes the heat from the exhaust air stream or supply air or supplies this heat. This depends on the respective temperature difference between supply air and medium in the composite circuit or exhaust air and medium in the composite circuit. The heat pump is easily integrated into the system via one or more heat exchangers. The connection of the heat pump takes place either directly with the help of the refrigerant circuit or indirectly by using an intermediate medium, for. B. water. The arrangement is flexible and can be retrofitted relatively easily. Additional line connections are only required for the circuits of the heat pump. The circulatory system can remain unchanged. The coupling to the consumer or heat storage can also be done directly or indirectly. The connection of the heat pump takes place either directly with the help of the refrigerant circuit or indirectly by using an intermediate medium, for. B. water.

By appropriate wiring for connecting the heat pump, in particular their connections, a variety of possibilities are conceivable. According to a first embodiment, the coupling to the flow of the composite circuit between supply air and exhaust air flow, according to a second embodiment in the return, d. H. in the direction of passage between the exhaust air flow and supply air flow. According to another third embodiment, the connection takes place in the flow and return.

Constructively, the individual operating states can be realized either with only one or more heat exchangers in the circuit of the circuit composite system. According to a first embodiment, the circuit of the circuit composite system has a line system and means for controlling the flow path of the medium in the line system. The individual heat exchanger is integrated in the line system such that it is arranged in a first mode in the return flow of the circuit for thermal coupling between the exhaust air and supply air and the medium is carried in the circuit through the heat exchanger in the return to the thermal coupling between exhaust air and supply air. In a second mode of operation is by actuation of the means for controlling the flow path of the heat exchanger in the flow of the circuit for thermoelectric coupling between supply air and exhaust air flow. The medium is circulated through the heat exchanger in the flow of the heat technology coupling between supply air and exhaust air flow.

According to a second embodiment, two heat exchangers are provided, wherein a first heat exchanger in the return and a second heat exchanger in the flow of the circuit for thermoelectric coupling between supply and exhaust air flow are arranged. The heat pump cycle includes a conduit system passing over both heat exchangers and means for controlling the flow path of the medium in the conduit system. In a first mode of operation, the circulation of the heat pump is conducted via the first heat exchanger and in a second mode of operation via the second heat exchanger.

The solution according to the invention is used in a particularly advantageous embodiment in a control and / or regulation for controlling the flow temperature in a, a Luftnacherhitzer associated cycle. In this case, a target value for the corresponding flow temperature is set and compared with the current actual size. In case of deviation, a manipulated variable is generated depending on the design, which serves to control the actuator of the heat pump and realizes the energy withdrawal in the required height that the flow temperature is set again. This solution optimally uses the available energy in the system. As a result, energy savings in the double-digit percentage range can be generated. This is particularly advantageous in large plants, which are characterized by the supply of a variety of individual objects and have a very high throughput per unit time.

Even after an embodiment according to the second alternative, in particular the refrigeration coupling of the heat pump to the circuit, the coupling can be switched, d. H. optionally done. Furthermore, the connection via at least one heat exchanger to the return of the circuit.

To realize the first and second alternative, one or more heat pumps can be provided in each case. According to a particularly advantageous embodiment with high functional concentration, however, only one heat pump for both alternatives used. This is optionally via appropriate means, in particular valve devices to a circuit, preferably a refrigeration cycle as a heat source or heating circuit coupled as a heat sink, only one mode of operation according to the first or second alternative is optionally possible.

The solution according to the invention is explained below with reference to figures. It details the following:

1a and 1b illustrate in a schematic simplified representation of a first embodiment of a device according to the invention for the ventilation of objects in different modes of operation;

2a and 2 B illustrate in a schematic simplified representation of a second embodiment of a device according to the invention for the ventilation of objects in different modes of operation;

3a illustrates a method for controlling the flow temperature in a heating circuit based on a signal flow diagram;

3b illustrates the control of the device;

4 illustrates in a simplified schematic representation of the parallel connection of individual consumers to the heating circuit;

5 illustrates in schematic simplified representation of an advantageous development of the first embodiment of a device according to the invention for the ventilation of objects;

6 illustrates in schematic simplified representation of an advantageous development of the second embodiment of a device according to the invention for the ventilation of objects.

The 1a and 1b illustrate in a simplified schematic representation of the basic principle of an inventive device 1 for ventilation of at least one room R, in particular a ventilation system 2 with a heat recovery system 3 in the form of a circulation system 4 for the energetic coupling of volume flows, in particular air flows. These are at least one exhaust air flow AB and one supply air flow ZU. In ventilation and air conditioning systems, the supply air flow ZU is formed by sucked outside fresh air AU or recirculated air. The exhaust air flow AB usually corresponds to spent air in an object. The circulatory system 4 is characterized by the fact that the volume flows do not have to be combined locally, but can be guided spatially separated from each other. About the circulatory system 4 In this case, the at least one exhaust air flow AB and a supply air flow ZU are thermally coupled to one another. The energy exchange between supply air flow ZU and exhaust air flow AB is thus not directly but indirectly via a, in a cycle 5 guided transfer agent in the form of a fluid. In the illustrated circulation system 4 In general, a salt-water solution or a cooling liquid, which is referred to as brine and is formed by a water-antifreeze mixture, in particular water-glycol or water-salt mixture, used to reduce the freezing point. The circulation 5 is therefore also called brine cycle 5 designated.

The exhaust air flow AB and the supply air flow ZU are in each case via at least one heat exchanger 6 . 7.1 and 7.2 preferably in countercurrent or in cocurrent to the circulation 5 guided medium, in particular fluid out. These are typically integrated into supply air and exhaust air units ZU-G and AB-G. The volumetric flow leaving the exhaust air device AB-G is designated exhaust air FO. The volume flow conducted in the supply air unit ZU-G and leaving it is designated by ZU. In the supply and exhaust air devices ZU-G and AB-G further, the air transport and possibly cooling and humidification components are integrated, such as fans VZU and VAB and humidifier B. Under supply or exhaust air device is a structural configuration understood that a Can have a plurality of individual elements, for example in the form of heat exchangers and / or fans, etc. At least include the supply and exhaust air devices AB-G, ZU-G each have at least one heat exchanger 6 . 7.1 . 7.2 about which the energetic coupling between each of the exhaust air flow AB and the circuit 5 or the supply air flow ZU and the circuit 5 he follows. However, it is also conceivable to provide a plurality of heat exchangers in parallel or in series in the supply and exhaust air. The coupling takes place indirectly, that is, the individual media, between which a heat transfer occurs, do not come into direct contact with each other. Supply and exhaust air flow ZU, AB are guided in the counterflow principle. The leadership of the cycle 5 also always takes place in such a way that in cooperation with the heat exchangers 6 . 7.1 . 7.2 always a leadership of the media preferably in countercurrent or DC principle. The heat exchangers 7.1 and 7.2 are connected in the supply air flow direction one behind the other. The heat exchanger provided in the flow direction of the supply air flow ZU 7.1 . 7.2 serve to treat the supply air flow ZU through the circuit 5 in the return 12 from the exhaust air unit AB-G. The heat exchanger 6 is integrated in exhaust air unit AB-G in exhaust air flow AB.

About the circulatory system 4 In this case, heat is removed from the exhaust air flow AB and used to heat the supply air flow ZU. Furthermore, the supply air flow ZU also heat to cool the supply air can be withdrawn and used to heat the exhaust AB. In order to ensure the required conditions at different times in the tempering of rooms R1 to Rn, are preferably, but not necessarily appropriate means 8th in the circulation system 4 provided over which an additional energy requirement with an additional required heating or cooling of the supply air temperature can be provided. These funds 8th In the simplest case, each comprise a heat exchanger 9 and a heat exchanger 10 , being over the heat exchanger 9 an additional heating of the brine circuit 5 takes place and thus the temperature in the circulation system 4 is increased to heat the supply air to ZU accordingly. This is done via the heat exchanger 9 a heating circuit W out. In the other case, if in particular at high outside temperatures the supply air flow ZU already has a very high temperature and can be withdrawn via the exhaust air flow AB this only slightly heat, is the second heat exchanger 10 provided, which is coupled to a cooling circuit K and via the brine circuit 5 in the circulation system 4 is cooled. By the subsequent guidance of the fluid in the brine circuit 5 over the heat exchangers 7.1 and 7.2 in the supply air unit ZU-G, this influences the supply air flow ZU. The supply air flow ZU leaving the supply air device ZU-G is supplied to at least one consumer, in particular to a room R to be conditioned. For this purpose, the supply air flow ZU is guided via, for example, a heating device, in particular one or more air secondary heaters LNE.

Without further modification, such a system, which would correspond to the prior art, power reserves at outside temperatures greater than 0 ° C up to a limit temperature TG, which is in the application for space heating at about 15 ° C. According to the invention, these are connected by connecting a heat pump 14 to the circuit composite system 4 , especially the circulation 5 activated. This deprives the brine cycle 5 Heat that can be used to ventilate rooms R. This will be the cycle 5 extracted heat the return 21 of the heating circuit 15 fed to the flow temperature TV in the flow 16 of the heating circuit 15 increase, which acts on at least one, preferably a plurality of Luftnacherhitzern LNE. It can by the connection of the heat pump 14 to the heating circuit 15 its flow temperature TV by controlling or regulating the amount of heat removed from the circulation 5 to be influenced.

At the heat pump 14 According to the general definition, this is a machine that pumps heat from a lower to a higher temperature level by supplying work, in particular electrical energy. The low temperature system acts as an energy source. The higher temperature level system acts as a heat store or taker. The heat pump 14 has a closed circuit 17 in, in the case of direct connection to the circuit 5 a refrigerant or indirect connection a fluid is performed. The refrigerant is sucked in by a compressor V and compressed. The compressed refrigerant is fed to a condenser. About this, the heat is the heating circuit 15 fed. This is followed by a relaxation, by which a cooling of the refrigerant takes place. To get away from the environment, especially the brine circuit 5 Heat to take over, the saturated steam temperature of the refrigerant is below the temperature in the brine circuit 5 set. This is done by controlling the intake capacity of the compressor. The heat transfer takes place by means of at least one heat exchanger PWT. The heat exchanger PWT is in such a way in the circulation system 4 integrated, depending on the required and used power reserve of the circulation system 4 on the one hand, the carrier medium in the circulation system 4 the heat exchanger PWT flows through before entering the exhaust air device AB-G, while in the other case, the heat exchanger PWT is traversed only after exiting the exhaust air device AB-G. This can be realized according to the invention in two different ways.

According to a first embodiment, the heat pump 14 via two heat exchangers PWT1 and PWT2 to the circuit 5 coupled, depending on the desired operating state coupling takes place via PWT1 or PWT2. For this PWT1 is in circulation 5 in the return 12 from the exhaust air unit AB-G to the supply air unit ZU-G arranged, while PWT2 is arranged in the flow to the exhaust air unit AB-G. Each of these heat exchanger PWT1, PWT2 is also connected to the circuit 17 the heat pump 14 energetically coupled, so that over this a thermo-technical coupling between the circuit composite system 4 and the cycle 17 for the heat pump 14 is provided. The individual heat exchangers PWT1, PWT2 can be switched on and off individually, in particular by guiding the operating medium flow in the circuit 17 the heat pump 14 , This will be over funds 18 for optional coupling of the heat pump 14 to the lead 11 or the return 12 realized. These include, for example, at least one control valve 18 for selectively guiding the refrigerant in the circuit 17 via the first or second heat exchanger PWT1, PWT2. This can be designed as a 3/2-way valve. The individual heat exchangers PWT1 and PWT2 are individually controllable. The heat exchangers PWT1 and PWT2 are preferably designed as plate heat exchangers. Other versions are conceivable.

The first mode I is in the 1a reproduced while the figure 1b according to the execution according to 1a reflects the mode of operation in the second mode II.

In the first mode of operation I, the so-called summer operation, which occurs at outside temperatures for the supply air flow ZU greater than a limit temperature, for example> 15 ° C, the first plate heat exchanger PWT1 is put into operation, that is, the heat pump 14 becomes with her cycle 17 passed over the first heat exchanger PWT1. This is the first plate heat exchanger PWT1 the circulation system 4 Heat deprived. The resulting cooling of the water-brine mixture in the circulation 5 at the same time reduces the energy required for cooling the supply air, so that the temperature drop in the heat exchanger 10 can be reduced.

In contrast, the clarified in the 1b illustrated operation II winter operation. In this, the second heat exchanger PWT2 is activated. This is in particular at outside temperatures between 0 ° C and the limit temperature TG, here 15 ° C put into operation by the control valve 18 is brought from its first operating characterizing position I in the second position II. Due to the heat extraction in the flow 11 There is a reduction in the inlet temperature of the water-brine mixture in the circulation system 4 on the exhaust air unit AB-G. As a result, the heat transfer from the exhaust air volume AB to the medium in the circulation 5 elevated. This allows the use of falling in this temperature range power reserves of the heat recovery system 3 , The switchover takes place in the simplest case via a 3/2-way valve. The control can be done in different ways. In the simplest case, at least one control device 19 provided over which the control valve 18 in response to the prevailing outside temperatures, in particular temperature TZU of the supply air flow is controlled. This is indicated here only in a schematically simplified representation. The control 19 can also be used for other control and regulating tasks, such as the regulation of the flow temperature in the heating circuit 15 ,

The flow directions in the circuit 17 the heat pump 14 are illustrated by stronger arrows.

Clarify the 1a and 1b the flow directions in a design with two heat exchangers PWT1, PWT2, wherein the coupling of the circuit 17 the heat pump 14 and so that the refrigerant guide has been adapted to the individual heat exchanger PWT1, PWT2, so show the 2a and 2 B an alternative embodiment with only a single heat exchanger PWT, which is formed and in the circuit composite system 4 is integrated that this in a first mode of operation I, the summer mode, according to 2a in the return 12 of the circulation 5 is arranged by the exhaust air unit AB-G and in the second mode II in the flow 11 , This is done by changing the circulation in the circulation 5 reached. Regarding the operation, the execution according to the 2a and 2 B in analogy to the 1a and 1b consider. The realization is possible with just one heat exchanger. The connection will then be via appropriate means 20 for controlling the flow through the circuit composite system 4 realized. The means 20 In the simplest case, they comprise control valve devices 20.1 . 20.2 . 20.3 , Which are preferably designed as multi-way valves and thus allow easy adaptability throughout the system by simple control.

The 3a illustrates in a schematic simplified representation based on a signal flow diagram, a control or regulation, in particular a flow temperature control. The temperature is in the flow 16 of the heating circuit 15 , which is assigned to at least one Luftnacherhitzer LNE controlled as a function of the heat demand by the Luftnacherhitzer LNE, preferably regulated. The flow temperature TV is kept constant. The input variable is a temperature specification T target which describes the desired temperature at the heating or air conditioning system in the respective room R.

This is due to a specific position of a control valve RV in the coupling of the Luftnacherhitzers LNE with the heating circuit 15 characterized. To optimize the operation of the heat pump is dependent on the required heat extraction in the heating circuit 15 lowered the flow temperature TV there, which corresponds to the temperature in the inlet to the air reheater LNE, lowered.

The 3b clarifies the control of the connection of the heat pump 14 to the circulation 5 , Depending on the outside temperature, the required operation to exploit the power reserves of the heat recovery system 3 set. In this case, a distinction is primarily made between summer and winter operation, with a limit temperature TG being specified for differentiation, which is compared with the outside temperature. If this is exceeded, the device is operated in a first mode of operation, which corresponds to the summer mode.

The 4 illustrates in a simplified schematic representation of the connection of the consumers R1 to Rn on the air heater LNE1 to LNEn to the central heating circuit 15 , It can be seen that the adjustment of the heat demand at the individual consumers via the control valves RV1 to RVn takes place, each in the flow and return line of the heating circuit 15 are arranged.

The 5 and 6 illustrate an advantageous development of the embodiments according to the 1a and 2a with additional optimization of the operation of the circuit assembly system even at temperatures below the limit temperature, in particular below a minimum temperature of the outside air, for example below 0 ° C, ie in winter operation. The heat pump 14 is not in this case with the heating circuit 15 coupled as a heat sink, but with a circuit, preferably refrigeration cycle 22 Coupled as a heat source. The heat pump 14 acts as a chiller and serves to introduce heat into the circuit 5 of the circulatory system 4 , The resulting heating of the water-brine mixture in the circulation 5 At the same time reduces the energy required for heating the supply air, so that the temperature heating in the heat exchanger 9 can be reduced.

The basic structure of the device corresponds to the in 1a described. In addition, only the refrigeration cycle 22 intended. For optional coupling of the heat pump 14 with the heating or cooling circuit 15 . 22 appropriate funds are provided. These include in the simplest case valve devices 23 respectively 24 about which the circuit of the heat pump 14 with the heating circuit 15 or the refrigeration cycle 22 is connectable. The refrigeration connection of the heat pump 14 to the circulation 5 takes place via the first heat exchanger PWT1 in the return 12 , Due to the high temperature difference between the outside air AU and the exhaust AB can connect to the circuit 5 maximum heat can be transferred in the exhaust air unit AB-G. The heat input is through the coupling of the heat pump 14 to the return 12 reinforced again.

The 6 illustrated by an embodiment according to 2a a further development with additional refrigeration coupling of the heat pump 14 to the circulation 5 by coupling with a refrigeration cycle 22 , The operation is designed in terms of the operation according to the first alternative of claim 1 in analogy to 2a , where below a minimum temperature of the cycle 5 in the return 12 is passed through the heat exchanger PWT.

In both solutions according to the 5 and 6 can be an additional heating in the return 12 downstream of the heat exchanger PWT1 or PWT.

The solution according to the invention is not limited to the illustrated application. Other versions are conceivable. The solution according to the invention offers particular advantages in applications for ventilating buildings in which constant temperatures are required over the entire period of the year, for example laboratories, etc.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Device for ventilating a room

2

ventilation system

3

heat recovery system

4

Circulation system

5

circulation

6

heat exchangers

7.1, 7.2

heat exchangers

8th

medium

9

heat exchangers

10

heat exchangers

11

leader

12

returns

14

heat pump

15

heating circuit

16

leader

17

circulation

18

Means for selectively coupling the heat pump to the heat exchangers PWT1, PWT2

19

Control and / or regulating device

20

medium

20.1, 20.2, 20.3

Control valve, 3/2-way valve

21

returns

22

Refrigeration circuit

23

valve means

24

valve means

B

humidifier

FROM

exhaust air flow

FO

Fort airflow

VZU

Fan supply air

VAB

Fan exhaust air

TO

supply air flow

AU

Outside air flow

K

Cooling circuit

W

heating circuit

 P

pump

LNE1, LNE2, LNEn

Air reheat

PWT1

heat exchangers

PWT2

heat exchangers

AB-G

Exhaust fan

TRAIN

supply air

R

room

 RV1, RV2, RVn

control valve

R1-Rn

Customer, room

 I

first mode of operation

 II

second mode of operation

 TZU

Temperature supply air

TG

limit temperature

Desired T

Setpoint for room temperature

TV

flow temperature

TV set

Setpoint of the flow temperature in the heating circuit 15

TV _is

Actual value of the flow temperature in the heating circuit 15

 V

compressor

Y18, Y20.1

manipulated variable

Y20.2, Y20.3

manipulated variable

Claims (26)

Method for ventilating objects using a heat recovery system ( 3 ) with a circulation system ( 4 ) for energetic coupling between at least one exhaust air stream (AB) and at least one, at least one consumer (R) feedable supply air (ZU) via a circuit ( 5 ), in which by means of at least one heat pump ( 14 ) outside the interconnected system ( 4 ), the circuit ( 5 ) of the circulation composite system ( 4 ) Heat is withdrawn and the supply air flow (ZU) in the flow direction behind the energetic, in particular heat technology coupling with the exhaust air stream (AB) or at least one receiving heat storage or at least one consumer (R) outside of the circuit composite system ( 4 ), characterized in that the heat pump ( 14 ) the circulation ( 5 ) of the circuit composite system ( 4 ) via at least two to the circuit ( 5 ) coupled heat exchanger (PWT1, PWT2) extracts heat, one of which is in the return ( 12 ) of the cycle ( 5 ) From the exhaust air flow (AB) and the other in the flow to the exhaust air flow (AB) is arranged, wherein in dependence on the outside temperature, the coupling via the first or second heat exchanger (PWT1, PWT2). Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat pump ( 14 ) as a function of the excess power in the circuit ( 5 ), in particular the circuit ( 5 ) to be withdrawn heat to be supplied to the supply air (ZU) in the flow direction behind the energetic, in particular heat technology coupling with the exhaust air stream (AB) and / or a consumer (R) is controlled. Method according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that a plurality of consumers (R) is provided, which with one or more central heating circuits ( 15 ) are energetically coupled, in particular thermally, by means of which at least one heat pump ( 14 ) the the circulation ( 5 ) withdrawn heat is supplied indirectly and and optionally have a make-up. Method according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that one or a plurality of consumers (R) are provided, which by means of a heat pump ( 14 ) the the circulation ( 5 ) extracted heat is supplied directly. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the heat pump ( 14 ) is controlled / regulated as a function of at least one of the following variables: - setpoint for the flow temperature (TV) in a heating circuit ( 15 ) - temperature of a consumer (R) or heat storage. Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the heat pump ( 14 ) to the circuit ( 5 ) of the circuit composite system ( 4 ) is optionally coupled. Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the heat pump ( 14 ) to the circuit ( 5 ) of the circuit composite system ( 4 ) is coupled one or more times in cocurrent and / or countercurrent. Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that in a first operating mode (I), the heat pump ( 14 ) in the return ( 12 ) of the circulation ( 5 ) for energetic, in particular heat technology coupling of the supply air flow (ZU) with the exhaust air flow (AB) to the circuit ( 5 ) is coupled. Method according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that in a second mode of operation (II) the heat pump ( 14 ) in the flow ( 11 ) of the circulation ( 5 ) for energetic, in particular thermal engineering coupling of the feed stream (ZU) with the exhaust air flow (AB) to the circuit ( 5 ) is coupled. Method according to one of claims 8 to 9, characterized in that the individual modes of operation (I, II) are set as a function of a predefinable limit temperature (TG), in particular outside or recirculating air temperature. Method according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the first mode (I) is set when the actual temperature is greater than or equal to a limit temperature (TG), and the limit temperature (TG) in the range of 10 ° C to 20 ° C is, preferably ≥ 15 ° C and the second mode of operation (II) below the limit temperature (TG) is set. Method according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the temperature in the circuit ( 5 ) by additional heating or cooling in the return ( 12 ) of the circulation ( 5 ) For energetic, in particular thermal engineering coupling of the supply air flow (ZU) with the exhaust air flow (AB) can be influenced. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that at temperatures below a minimum temperature, preferably of <0 ° C, alternatively by means of at least one heat pump ( 14 ) an additionally provided refrigeration cycle ( 22 ) Heat is withdrawn and in the circuit composite system ( 4 ) is introduced. A method according to claim 13, characterized in that the heat pump ( 14 ) to the circuit ( 5 ) of the circuit composite system ( 4 ) is coupled one or more times in cocurrent and / or countercurrent. Method according to one of claims 13 to 14, characterized in that the heat pump ( 14 ) in the flow direction of the circuit ( 5 ) for energetic, in particular thermal engineering coupling with the exhaust air flow (AB) in the return ( 12 ) of the circuit composite system ( 4 ) can be coupled. Method according to one of claims 14 to 15, characterized in that the circuit ( 5 ) of the circulation composite system ( 4 ) the coupling of the heat pump ( 14 ) is additionally heated in addition. Contraption ( 1 ) for ventilation of objects, in particular air conditioning system ( 2 ) with a heat recovery system ( 3 ), comprising a circulation composite system ( 4 ) with a cycle ( 5 ) for the energetic coupling between a supply air flow (ZU) and an exhaust air flow (AB) for guiding the supply air flow (ZU) to at least one consumer (R), with at least one heat pump ( 14 ) outside the interconnected system ( 4 ) is arranged and with this thermally coupled for the removal of heat, wherein the heat pump ( 14 ) thermally directly or indirectly with at least one heating circuit ( 15 ) is coupled to the supply of heat and in this heating circuit in each case an optional Nachspeisung for heat, characterized in that the heat pump ( 14 ) with the circuit ( 5 ) of the circuit composite system ( 4 ) via at least two heat exchangers (PWT1, PWT2) can be coupled, one of which in the return ( 12 ) of the cycle ( 5 ) is arranged from the exhaust air stream (AB) and the other in the flow to the exhaust air flow (AB), wherein depending on the desired mode of operation, the coupling via the first or second heat exchanger (PWT1, PWT2). Contraption ( 1 ) according to claim 17, characterized in that the heat pump ( 14 ) to the circuit composite system ( 4 ) in the flow direction of the medium in the flow ( 11 ) of the circulation ( 5 ) is coupled to the energetic, in particular heat technology coupling of supply air (ZU) and exhaust air flow (AB). Contraption ( 1 ) according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that the heat pump ( 14 ) to the circuit composite system ( 4 ) in the flow direction of the medium in the return ( 12 ) of the circulation ( 5 ) is coupled to the energetic, in particular heat technology coupling of supply air (ZU) and exhaust air flow (AB). Contraption ( 1 ) for ventilation of objects, in particular air conditioning system ( 2 ) with a heat recovery system ( 3 ), comprising a circulation composite system ( 4 ) with a cycle ( 5 ), in particular closed circuit ( 5 ) for the energetic coupling between a supply air flow (ZU) and an exhaust air flow (AB) for guiding the supply air flow (ZU) to at least one consumer (R), with at least one heat pump ( 14 ) outside the interconnected system ( 4 ) is arranged and with this thermally coupled for the removal of heat, wherein the heat pump ( 14 ) thermally directly or indirectly with at least one heating circuit ( 15 ) is coupled to the supply of heat and in this heating circuit in each case an optional Nachspeisung for heat, characterized in that the heat technology or refrigeration technology coupling of the heat pump ( 14 ), for the removal or supply of heat, indirectly by means of at least one heat exchanger (PWT) to the circuit ( 5 ), over which a cycle ( 17 ) of the heat pump ( 14 ) is feasible. Contraption ( 1 ) according to claim 20, characterized in that the circuit ( 5 ) of the circulation composite system ( 4 ) a management system and means ( 20.1 to 20.3 ) for controlling the flow path of the medium in the line system, and the heat exchanger (PWT) is integrated in the line system such that the heat exchanger (PWT) in a first mode (I) in the return ( 12 ) of the circulation ( 5 ) of the energetic, in particular thermoelectric coupling between the exhaust air flow (AB) and supply air (ZU) is arranged and the leadership of the medium in the circuit ( 5 ) via the heat exchanger (PWT) in the return ( 12 ) of the circulation ( 5 ) for energetic, in particular thermal engineering coupling between the exhaust air flow (AB) and supply air (ZU) takes place. Contraption ( 1 ) according to claim 20 or 21, characterized in that the circuit ( 5 ) of the circuit composite system ( 4 ) a management system and means ( 20.1 to 20.3 ) for controlling the flow path of the medium in the line system, and the heat exchanger (PWT) is integrated in the line system such that the heat exchanger (PWT) in a second mode (II) in the flow ( 11 ) of the circulation ( 5 ) is arranged for energetic, in particular heat technology coupling between supply air (ZU) and exhaust air flow (AB) and the leadership of the medium in the circuit ( 5 ) via the heat exchanger (PWT) in the flow ( 11 ) of the circulation ( 5 ) for energetic, in particular thermal engineering coupling between supply air (ZU) and exhaust air flow (AB) takes place. Contraption ( 1 ) according to claim 17, characterized in that at least two heat exchangers (PWT1, PWT2) are provided, wherein a first heat exchanger (PWT1) in the return ( 12 ) and a second heat exchanger (PWT2) in the flow ( 11 ) of the circulation ( 5 ) are arranged for energetic, in particular heat technology coupling between supply air and exhaust air flow (ZU, AB) and the circuit ( 17 ) of the heat pump ( 14 ) a pipeline system which leads via both heat exchangers (PWT1, PWT2) and means ( 18 ) for controlling the flow path of the medium in the piping system such that in a first operating mode (I) the circuit ( 17 ) of the heat pump ( 14 ) is passed over the first heat exchanger (PWT1) and in a second mode of operation (II) via the second heat exchanger (PWT2). Contraption ( 1 ) according to one of claims 17 to 23, characterized in that the heat pump ( 14 ) alternatively with heat or refrigeration directly with a refrigeration cycle ( 22 ) as a heat source for supplying heat into the circuit composite system ( 4 ) is coupled. Contraption ( 1 ) according to one of claims 17 to 24, characterized in that the heat pump ( 14 ) is controllable. Contraption ( 1 ) according to one of claims 17 to 25, characterized in that the heat pump ( 14 ) to the circuit ( 5 ) of the circuit composite system ( 4 ) is coupled one or more times in the same and / or countercurrent.

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