EP2444051B1 - Method for economical and ecological operation of a sauna and device for executing the method - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a method for heating an interior of a sauna or a steam bath in a building having a building heating technique, the method having the features of the preamble of independent claim 1.

The sauna can be a conventional or a so-called bio sauna. It can also be a hot air bath.

As far as the term sauna is used in the following, without at the same time mentioning the term steam bath, so the corresponding statements apply, unless otherwise stated, but in principle also for a steam room.

The use of saunas is becoming increasingly popular. As a result, more and more saunas are being installed in the public area or planned from the outset as parts of so-called wellness oases. Even in private homes more and more saunas are installed.

A sauna can be heated to over 100 ° C, whereby the heating can be done in different ways. In the private sector, a sauna heater is usually operated with electrical energy. In the public area there are also saunas, which are heated with wood. All previously known heating variants in common is that they are more or less energy-intensive and therefore expensive. Depending on the heating method used with different advantages and disadvantages and different results, the amount of heating costs varies.

So z. B. the heating of a sauna with electrical energy as a heat source particularly expensive, but - also later - easy to install and operate, whereas the heating with z. B. wood in a sauna stove in the sauna room is cheaper, the installation of the heater is more complex and associated with higher costs and its operation is also complex and also ecologically questionable.

STATE OF THE ART

From the DE 10 2007 047 567 A1 is a sauna heating using renewable energy sources known. In this case, a wall, ceiling or floor element for heating a heat cabin, in particular a sauna or Dampfbadkabine is provided, which is thermally coupled to a heat reservoir. The heat reservoir is preferably a hot water tank with heat exchanger function and can be used in addition to the heating of the heat cabin for heating of building interiors. A solar circuit is coupled to the water reservoir, which is designed to heat the heat transfer medium provided in the heat transfer medium, for example water, to a temperature between 65 ° C and 95 ° C, preferably about 70 ° C. With the heated by the heat reservoir wall, ceiling or floor elements, the heating of the heat cabin takes place in a warm-up. For final heating to the temperature desired by the user, an additional heater or infrared heater is used. As far as the wall, ceiling or floor elements in this method for heating the heat cabin in turn do not reach the user desired temperature, they actually act as cooling elements for the interior of the heat cabin, ie with circulating heat medium they carry heat from the heat cabin in the heat reservoir , This is especially true when the temperature in the heat reservoir, for example, due to low solar radiation in winter, significantly less than 70 ° C reached. Thus, the heated by the heat reservoir wall, ceiling or floor elements support only the first time heating a sauna, are during operation but no benefit but a disadvantage.

From the DE 295 01 987 U For example, a combined sauna heater is known, which firstly has a conventional combustion chamber in which, for example, wood is burned and, on the other hand, has a second heating device which generates heat, for example, by means of electricity or gas. With such a sauna heater, the optical advantages of maintaining conventional, equipped with a combustion chamber sauna heaters and at the same time added the benefits of a modern sauna heater with, for example, are heated by electricity and are virtually maintenance-free.

From the DD 28 053 is a gas-fired sauna stove known in which lying on a pivoting grate stones are heated with gas. The resulting exhaust gases are utilized in recuperators for heating bath rooms. An additional space heating can be omitted there. The stones are heated to complete annealing, and the rust is then swung out of the oven. Outside the furnace, the glowing stones are poured over with water. This known sauna oven is provided in a conventional manner for arrangement in the interior of a sauna.

From the DE-OS 26 02 361 is a device for heat recovery in sauna cabins known. This includes a heat exchanger, which extracts heat from a sauna room heat, and another heat exchanger, with which the heat supply air is supplied to the sauna room. The thus warmed supply air is supplied to a heater on the underside. The transport of heat between the two heat exchangers is carried out by a liquid heat transfer medium.

From the DE 34 45 126 A1 is a sauna bath combination known, the operation is carried out according to the features of the preamble of independent claim 1. The sauna bath combination consists of a heat cabin and a cold cabin. In the heat cabin there is a heat generator and in the cold cabin a refrigeration unit. In this case, a heat pump is provided in the cold cabin and in the heat cabin, a heat dissipation unit. This heat dissipation unit is internally and / or externally aufschaltbar an electric heater. To the heat pump system, a domestic water heater is connected, which is used for general hot water supply.

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The invention has for its object to provide a method for heating a sauna or a steam room in a building that has a building heating technology show, with the sauna or steam room is particularly economical and therefore particularly ecologically operable.

SOLUTION

According to the invention, this object is achieved by a method having the features of independent patent claim 1. Preferred embodiments of the method according to the invention are described in the dependent claims.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In a method for heating an interior of a sauna or a steam bath in a building having a building heating technology, wherein a basic heating by at least one connected to the building heating technology heat source takes place and further heating is provided by a switchable electric heat source or a wood stove, the done Basic heating and further heating cascaded in at least one channel, which leads a heat transfer medium to the interior of the sauna or steam room.

In the method according to the invention, the basic heating of the heat transfer medium thus takes place in particular outside the interior of the sauna, in which a desired temperature is set. As a result, the risk is avoided that the heating of the interior of the sauna heat is removed by the basic heating by means of building heating technology, instead of supplying them. This is based on the finding that the temperatures which can be provided by a building heating technology generally remain below what is desired in the interior of a sauna. Nevertheless, the basic heating can be used by the building heating technology to provide the essential energy needs for heating a sauna or steam bath during operation by the basic heating and further heating done in such a cascaded that the respective heat transfer medium the interior of the sauna or a wall , Ceiling or floor forming element achieved with sufficient for the adequate heating of the interior temperature. As a result of the method according to the invention, the energy required for an electrical reheating of the respective heat carrier medium, which is usually at least partly electrical energy because of the associated low control effort for maintaining a desired temperature in the interior of the sauna, is kept to a minimum reduced. This is especially advantageous because of the heating of Saunas used power per unit of energy to example, about three times as much as costs such as fossil heat and also consumes more primary energy.

The inventive method is combined with building heating technology, which has a conventional fossil building or district heating and / or a solar or geothermal-based heating.

The method according to the invention offers particular advantages in the operation of a commercial sauna, when the building heating technology has a solar thermal system which is oversized according to normal scales. The economic use of larger solar thermal systems is not given in many cases, since there is no year-round decrease in heat. For smaller solar thermal systems adapted to the year-round decrease, however, the cost share of the collectors is ça. 15% very high, because the basic installation, regardless of the collector surface, is very expensive, so that the overall concept is unprofitable. However, the basic heating according to the invention of a heat transfer medium for heating a commercial sauna from the solar thermal available heat ensures a year-round high heat loss, which leads to a rapid amortization of a solar thermal system. In other words, solar thermal heat, in addition to its environmental benefits, is even more cost effective to use in the present invention than the least expensive fossil fuels.

The basic heating and the further heating of air as heat transfer medium take place by means of several arranged in an air duct heating elements. Preferably, this supply or circulating air channel runs in a wall of the sauna. Blowers as the air flow increasing means improve the heat transfer from the heating elements to the air.

The individual heating elements can be arranged according to the height of a temperature, with which they are applied, in register in a row, in such a way that the heating element is located at the highest temperature at the rearmost point. In a superposition means that the heating element with the highest temperature is located at the highest point

The heating power of an electric heating source for further heating can be regulated by an adjustable thermostat for an air temperature in the interior and thus adjust this air temperature to a desired value.

In particularly preferred embodiments of the method heat is recovered from exhaust air from the interior of the sauna. For this heat recovery at least one heat exchanger and / or at least one recuperator and / or at least one regenerator is used. If several such devices are used, they are arranged in a cascade over which the heat content of the exhaust air decreases. It is important that the exhaust air is cooled down to below its dew point during heat recovery in order to recover any condensation heat contained in the exhaust air. Here blowers or other air flow increasing means can improve the heat transfer from the air to the heat recovery devices.

The heat recovered by the heat recovery may be supplied to at least one heat utilizing device. It is particularly preferred if the at least one device, to which the heat is supplied, is a low-temperature circuit of the building heating technology. This may be, for example, a hot water circuit for a floor or deck surface heating or a swimming pool water heater.

In contrast, the heating source for the basic heating according to the inventive method is preferably connected to a high-temperature circuit of the building heating technology, or the heating source for reheating is integrated into a leading to the sauna branch of this high-temperature circuit. This essentially heats the sauna or steam bath with heat that is needed anyway for building heating technology.

The inventively heated by integration into the building heating technology sauna performs a similar function as a heating mixer, which generates a larger volume flow of the same or another heat transfer medium with a lower temperature from a small volume flow of heat transfer medium at high temperature, the heat energy remains substantially constant. In this way, the total energy consumption of the building is hardly increased by the coupling of the heating of a sauna to the building heating technology. As a result, the operating costs of the sauna can be quite significant be lowered. This is a major operating cost advantage, especially in commercial sauna facilities.

The heating according to the invention can then be operated particularly economically and ecologically, if the building heating technology in turn based on environmentally friendly technology and renewable energy, such. B. cogeneration heat, solar thermal with and without memory.

The shaft or channel, in which the heating element is provided for heating according to the invention, is preferably shielded by a thermal insulation, which increases in strength, in a vertical course from bottom to top. The thermal insulation can narrow the cross section of the shaft or channel.

Towards the interior, the shaft or channel is preferably delimited by a wooden shuttering. For this purpose, a Sparschalung or Stulpschalung, also reversed Stulpschalung be used, which have slots to create openings between the boards or provided with joints. In a further development of the inventive concept, at least individual lamellae of the casing can be designed to be adjustable in order to regulate the amount of heated air flowing out of the openings.

Advantageous developments of the invention will become apparent from the claims, the description and the drawings. The advantages of features and of combinations of several features mentioned in the introduction to the description are merely exemplary and can come into effect alternatively or cumulatively, without the advantages having to be achieved by embodiments according to the invention. Without thereby altering the subject matter of the appended claims, as regards the disclosure of the original application documents and the patent, further features can be found in the drawings, in particular the illustrated geometries and the relative dimensions of several components and their relative arrangement and operative connection.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Fig. 1

zeigt einen Saunaofen mit Merkmalen der Erfindung.

Fig. 2

zeigt eine Saunakabine im Querschnitt.

Fig. 3

zeigt eine schematische Darstellung der Strömungs- und Temperaturverhältnisse in der Saunakabine.

Fig. 4

zeigt eine Heizkörperanordnung entsprechend vorliegender Erfindung.

Fig. 5

zeigt eine Verschalung des Saunainnenraumes in Form einer umgedrehten Stulpschalung; und

Fig. 6

zeigt ein Blockdiagramm zu einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung.

In the following the invention will be further explained and described with reference to preferred embodiments shown in the figures.

Fig. 1

shows a heater with features of the invention.

Fig. 2

shows a sauna cabin in cross section.

Fig. 3

shows a schematic representation of the flow and temperature conditions in the sauna room.

Fig. 4

shows a radiator assembly according to the present invention.

Fig. 5

shows a casing of the sauna interior in the form of an inverted Stulpschalung; and

Fig. 6

shows a block diagram of a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

In Fig. 1 a heater 1 is shown, which has a container 2 in a conventional manner, which is open at the top and filled with a riprap 3. In the lower part of the container 2, an electric heating coil 4 is arranged, which serves the reheating, while the basic heating is carried out by heating elements 5, which protrude partially from below into the container 2. These heating elements 5 are connected to the building heating technology, not shown in connection and are powered by this with heat. At the bottom, the container 2 additionally has an air flap 6, via which air heated by the heating elements 5 can flow into the container 2. Another part of the heated by the heating elements 5 air flows over the channel 7 upwards, wherein a partial flow of the heated air can flow through an outlet 8 in the interior of the sauna, while another part of the heated air flow in the channel 9 led to an electric reheater 10 and passed into the ceiling area becomes where the heated air escapes and slowly sinks down. Due to the special design of the sauna heater 1 with the riprap 3 and the electric heating a Aufgussmöglichkeit is created as in conventional sauna heaters.

A generally designated 18 sauna is in Fig. 2 without furnishings, such. B. saunas shown. It forms an outer side 11 on all sides isolated space with an at least partially defined by a casing 12 interior 13. Between an insulation 14 on the outer walls 15 of the sauna 18 and its shuttering 12 air ducts 16 are formed. The air ducts narrow in their cross section 17 as the strength of the insulation 14 increases and the amount of air flowing upwards decreases. In the floor area 21, each air duct 16 has an inlet openings 19 through which fresh air or cooled sauna air 24 sunken down can flow into the air duct 16. This incoming air is heated by means disposed in the shaft or channel, operated by existing building heating technology heating elements 20 to a base heat of about 50 ° C at about 50% relative humidity. Under these conditions, a soft sauna is already possible.

The heating elements 20 include various registers 33; 34 ( Fig. 4 ), which are arranged in such a cascade about each other and thus with respect to the air flowing along them one behind the other that the acted upon with the highest temperature heating element at the top and last place and the lowest temperature acted upon heating element is arranged at the bottom and thus the first place , In the air duct 16, the heated air from the heating elements 20 flows through a chimney effect upwards. In the ceiling area, the heated air flows through openings 22 from the shaft into the interior space 13. The heated air 23 leaving the openings 22 cools slowly and sinks slowly, as shown by 24. Due to the gravity circulation, this cooled air collects in the bottom area and enters through the openings 19 again in the air duct 16 a. By means of further openings 25 in the sauna inner casing, partial flows 26 of the heated air can flow into the interior 13. These partial flows 26 homogenize, to a certain extent, the temperature gradient within the interior 13.

The structure described above and the associated basic heating of the sauna air to 50 ° C to 60 ° C according to the invention is carried out exclusively by means of existing building heating technology. In the event that a sauna session with a higher temperature of about 100 ° C or above at then about 20% relative humidity is desired, a switchable electric heating source 27 is used. This heat source 27 is mounted in the air duct 16 above the heating elements 20 responsible for the basic heating. It ensures the final warming of the sauna air to an adjustable temperature. For this purpose, the electric heater is thermostat controlled. The thermostat itself can be program-controlled so that different sauna programs can be called up automatically.

In Fig. 3 schematically illustrates the air circulation 28 in the air duct 16 with diverted therefrom part flows 23.

Fig. 4 shows in enlarged form a section of an embodiment of an interior 13 according to the invention with a sauna bench 29 and a heating element 30 arranged below it for basic heating of the sauna air. The heated by the radiator 30 ambient air 31 is passed from a collecting funnel 32 along the casing 12 upwards. In addition, behind the shuttering cascade superimposed heating register 33; 34 provided, which are supplied as the heating element 30 of the building heating technology with heat. The additional heat source 27 for the final heating of preheated by means of building heating technology air is not shown here, but still available.

Fig. 5 shows in an enlarged view formed as an inverted Stulpschalung formwork 12, which leaves 35 slots 36 between individual slats from which partial streams 23 of the heated air can escape into the interior 13. The heated air is thereby first led upwards to then sink after cooling in countercurrent back down. Individual or the entirety of the fins 35 may be designed to be pivotable about their longitudinal axis, so that by pivoting the same, the outlet openings 25 can be enlarged, reduced or closed as needed. Behind the sauna interior panel heating elements are arranged with rising from bottom to top temperature.

For moistening the sauna air mechanical nebulizers such as nozzles, centrifugal discs, ultrasonic water atomizers u. a. are also used at short notice, which can be operated more cost-effectively in contrast to a vaporization humidifier. Ultrasonic water atomizers are u. a. known as the Fog Fountain.

In Fig. 6 a building 37 is indicated by a dashed line. In the building 37 is the sauna 18 with the interior 13. For heating the interior 13, the building heating technology 38 present in the building 37, for example in the form of a gas heating, used. The building heating 38 ensures a basic heating of a heat transfer medium, which is reheated by the electric reheater 10 to set a desired temperature in the interior 13 of the sauna 18. In particular, the basic heating by the building heating technology 38 outside of the interior 13 of the sauna 18 takes place. With solid lines is in Fig. 6 indicated that the electric reheater 10 with the help of electrical energy 39 reheat a liquid heat transfer medium in a flow 40 of a high-temperature circuit 41 of the building heating 38. Thus, a radiator 42 connected to the high-temperature circuit 41, which in turn adjoins or is arranged in the interior 13 of the heat cabin 18, is brought to an elevated temperature than it is capable of providing the building heating technology 38 alone. Dashed line is in Fig. 6 indicated that supply air 43 may serve in the interior 13 of the sauna 18 as a heat transfer medium, the basic heating of the building heating technology 38 and reheated by the electric reheater 10 to adjust the interior 13 to a desired temperature above the temperature of the building heating technology 38. Furthermore, in Fig. 6 illustrated that exhaust air 44 is passed from the interior 13 through a heat exchanger 45, a recuperator 46 and a regenerator 47 through which runs in countercurrent a low-temperature circuit 48 of the building heating 38, by means of which the building 37 is heated, for example by means of a floor heating 49 , An interesting way of using the heat recovered from the exhaust air 44 is to heat the water of a swimming pool, which is often present in the vicinity of at least one public sauna, as a low-temperature sink. With the help of the devices 45 to 47, the exhaust air 44 is deprived of all the heat contained in it relative to the ambient air, including any condensation heat. Thus, the sauna 18 acts as a kind of additional heating mixer for the building heating 38. <B><u> LIST OF REFERENCES </ u></b> 1. heater 35th slats Second container 36th slot Third riprap 37th building 4th heating coil 38th Building heating 5th heating element 39th electrical power 6th damper 40th leader 7th channel 41st High-temperature circuit 8th. outlet 42nd radiator 9th channel 43rd supply air 10th electric reheating 44th exhaust 11th outside 45th heat exchangers 12th casing 46th recuperator 13th inner space 47th regenerator 14th insulation 48th Low-temperature circuit 15th exterior walls 49th underfloor heating 16th Air ducts 17th cross-section 18th sauna 19th Air inlet opening 20th heating element 21st Floor area of the sauna room 22nd upper openings 23rd partial flow 24th cooled sinking air 25th outlet opening 26th sinking partial flows 27th heating source 28th Air circulation. 29th sauna bench 30th radiator 31st ambient air 32nd receiving hopper 33rd heater 34th heater

Claims (12)

1. Method of heating an interior room (13) of a sauna (18) or of a steam bath in a building (37) comprising a building heating system (38),
   wherein a basic heating up of a heat carrier fluid takes place via at least one heating source connected to the building heating system (38), and a further heating up of the heat carrier fluid is provided by a part time electric heating source or a wood stove,
   wherein the basic heating up and the further heating up take place in a cascaded way in at least one channel leading the heat carrier fluid to the interior room (13),
   characterised in that the building heating system (38) to which the heating source for the basic heating up is connected comprises a conventional fossil building or district heating, and that the basic heating up and the further heating up of air as the heat carrier fluid take place via a plurality of heating elements (20) arranged in an air guiding channel (16), wherein ventilators enhance the heat transfer from the heating elements to the air.
2. Method of claim 1, characterised in that the basic heating up takes place outside the interior room (13).
3. Method of claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the air guiding channel (16) runs within a wall (15) of the sauna (18) or the steam bath.
4. Method of claim 1, 2 or 3, characterised in that the individual heating elements (20) are arranged in form of registers one behind the other according to the height of the temperature to which they are heated in such a way that the heating element at the highest temperature is in the most downstream position.
5. Method of any of the claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the heating power of the electric heating source is controlled via an adjustable thermostat for an air temperature in the interior room.
6. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that heat is recovered from exhaust air (44) coming out of the interior room (13).
7. Method of claim 6, characterised in that for the recovery of the heat at least one heat exchanger (45) and/or at least one recuperator (46) and/or at least one regenerator (17) is used.
8. Method of claim 6 or 7, characterised in that the heat recovery is executed by means of a cascading of devices (45 - 47).
9. Method of any of the claims 6 to 8, characterised in that the exhaust air (44) is cooled down below its dew point during heat recovery.
10. Method of any of the claims 6 to 9, characterised in that the heat recovered by the heat recovery is supplied to at least one installation using this heat.
11. Method of claim 10, characterised in that the at least one installation to which the heat is supplied is a low temperature circuit (48) of the building heating system (38).
12. Method of any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the at least one heating source for the basic heating up is connected to a high temperature circuit (41) of the building heating system (38).

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