EP1131150B1 - Verfahren zum betreiben einer verbrennungseinrichtung - Google Patents
Verfahren zum betreiben einer verbrennungseinrichtung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1131150B1 EP1131150B1 EP99972122A EP99972122A EP1131150B1 EP 1131150 B1 EP1131150 B1 EP 1131150B1 EP 99972122 A EP99972122 A EP 99972122A EP 99972122 A EP99972122 A EP 99972122A EP 1131150 B1 EP1131150 B1 EP 1131150B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- reducing agent
- nitrogen
- sub
- air
- stoichiometric
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 23
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title description 7
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ferrous sulfide Chemical compound [Fe]=S MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JGIATAMCQXIDNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium sulfide Chemical compound [Ca]=S JGIATAMCQXIDNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002641 tar oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J7/00—Arrangement of devices for supplying chemicals to fire
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1.
- SCR Selective Catalytic Reduction
- the burnt flue gas will be behind the burnout zone with the addition of a reducing agent by a catalytic Reactor passed in which at temperatures of 300-400 ° C splitting the nitrogen oxides to form of molecular nitrogen.
- the catalytic The investment required for the reactor is considerable. Also there are high operating costs because the catalytic converters are cleaned and need to be renewed.
- SNCR Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction
- the reducing agent is introduced directly into the overstoichiometric, high-temperature burnt flue gas after the burnout zone.
- the same reactions take place as in the catalytic reactor, but due to a lack of catalyst at a higher temperature level and with less pressure loss.
- a temperature window must be maintained, which is approximately between 950 and 1050 ° C. Above this temperature window there is a risk that the reducing agent will oxidize to nitrogen oxides in the presence of the excess of oxygen.
- the desired reactions occur to an insufficient extent below the temperature window.
- the result is a slippage of reducing agent, ie the reducing agent is carried away by the flue gas as an ineffective ballast.
- the effectiveness of the SNCR process presupposes that the reducing agent is mixed with the burnt-out flue gas very intensively and uniformly, for example via lances and the like, using a propellant. Accordingly, the large-scale use of this process is prohibited. Its application is limited to smaller incinerators, e.g. B. on thermal power stations and waste incineration plants. A large-scale use would presuppose that a mixing over a cross-section of 100-500 m 2 is carried out in a uniform manner, which is obviously excluded.
- the reducing agent intense and Mixing evenly into the flue gas stream also adheres the high-temperature process under development on.
- the reducing agent is in a reduction zone entered between the burner zone and the burnout zone located. Burner zone and reduction zone operated substoichiometrically. This may be necessary be working with fuel grading, d. i.e., a remainder of fuel in the reduction zone.
- To the Introducing the reducing agent requires a carrier medium. Air is out of the question because the reduction zone is substoichiometric must stay. In turn, nitrogen is too expensive. So there remains water vapor and vaporizable liquids, whereby in both cases the efficiency of the Process sinks. The same applies to the introduction of ammonia water, whose water content to be evaporated is approx. 75% lies. In the burnout zone following the reduction zone the air ratio is increased to over 1 by Addition of additional combustion air.
- a method of the type mentioned is known from WO 91/10864 known.
- the reducing agent is considered fine divided, particulate material introduced into the primary zone.
- Reducing agents are calcium sulfide, calcium oxide, iron sulfide and iron oxide and mixtures thereof. The The reducing effect of these materials is at least limited.
- the invention has for its object a method of the type mentioned at the beginning, which can be achieved with little Investment and operating expenses in effective and reliable way for large-scale use.
- the substoichiometric flame core has a comparatively small cross section so that there is none Difficulties arise, the reducing agent evenly to distribute over this cross section. Also play here Load changes don't matter.
- Ammonia can be used as a reducing agent, furthermore ammonia water, urea and similar nitrogen compounds, as well as hydrocarbons, especially natural gas (CH 4 ).
- hydrocarbons especially natural gas (CH 4 ).
- CH 4 natural gas
- the reducing agent causes the concentration of the radicals NHi, CHi, HCN to increase. These radicals react with the resulting nitrogen monoxide, reduce it and thereby generate molecular nitrogen.
- the method according to the invention is free from Temperature restrictions to which the SNCR process is subject. Rather, it turned out to be particularly advantageous in the sub-stoichiometric flame zone Set temperature of over 1,100 ° C.
- the temperature of the process should preferably be carried out in such a way that during subsequent burn-out, ie when air is supplied later, the nitrogen molecules formed (and also the N 2 molecules of the combustion air) do not thermally decompose again and form nitrogen oxides.
- the temperature must therefore not exceed 1400 ° C.
- substoichiometric flame core with a veil of secondary air, preferably with another Veil of tertiary air is enveloped.
- substoichiometric Flame core finds the decomposition and Reduction of the NO instead.
- the flue gas therefore occurs with the surrounding ones Walls not in substoichiometric condition Contact. This will prevent the occurrence of high temperature corrosion effectively prevented, in which an essential further Advantage of the invention can be seen.
- the nitrogen oxide reducing agent can be by side or central lances in the substoichiometric flame core be introduced. Preferably, however, it becomes common with the fuel in the substoichiometric flame core brought in. It can also be advantageous that Nitric oxide reducing agent together with the primary air in the substoichiometric flame core. Possibly. the fuel is already with the primary air or a Mix part of the primary air. The mixture consists of these circumstances from fuel, primary air and reducing agent.
- the invention preferably develops its advantages everywhere where the fuel has a high proportion of nitrogen contains. This is the case for example with hard coal, Tar oil, heavy oil, residual oil, process gas and the like.
- Solid fuels are ground before combustion.
- the Reductant can be in solid form (also ground) are present or also liquid or gaseous. The procedure is suitable for all power levels and works without additional pressure loss.
- the main field of application of the invention is power plant technology.
- the burners are arranged in several levels one above the other in the side of the boiler wall, the cross-section of the boiler being 100-500 m 2 .
- Upper air is blown in above the top burner level.
- Each burner represents its own, substoichiometric NO reduction system and delivers superstoichiometric flue gases into the boiler. Obviously, it is not difficult to switch individual burner levels on or off.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
- Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)
- Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Description
Claims (6)
- Verfahren zum Verbrennen eines stickstoffhaltigen Brennstoffs unter Verminderung der Emission von Stickstoffoxiden, wobei eine unterstöchiometrische Primärzone erzeugt und mit einem Stickstoffoxid-Reduktionsmittel beschickt wird,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die unterstöchiometrische Primärzone als Flammenkern ausgebildet wird und daß als Stickstoffoxid-Reduktionsmittel Stickstoffverbindungen oder Kohlenwasserstoffe verwendet werden. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet daß im unterstöchiometrischen Flammenkern eine Temperatur von über 1.100 °C eingestellt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der unterstöchiometrische Flammenkern mit einem Schleier aus Sekundärluft, vorzugsweise mit einem weiteren Schleier aus Tertiärluft umhüllt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Stickstoffoxid-Reduktionsmittel gemeinsam mit dem Brennstoff in den unterstöchiometrischen Flammenkern eingebracht wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Stickstoffoxid-Reduktionsmittel gemeinsam mit der Primärluft in den unterstöchiometrischen Flammenkern eingebracht wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Kernluft in die Flamme eingeblasen wird und daß das Stickstoffoxid-Reduktionsmittel gemeinsam mit der Kernluft in den unterstöchiometrischen Flammenkern eingebracht wird.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19853162 | 1998-11-18 | ||
| DE19853162A DE19853162C2 (de) | 1998-11-18 | 1998-11-18 | Verfahren zum Verbrennen eines stickstoffhaltigen Brennstoffs |
| PCT/EP1999/008040 WO2000029094A1 (de) | 1998-11-18 | 1999-10-22 | Verfahren zum betreiben einer verbrennungseinrichtung |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1131150A1 EP1131150A1 (de) | 2001-09-12 |
| EP1131150B1 true EP1131150B1 (de) | 2003-02-05 |
Family
ID=7888204
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP99972122A Expired - Lifetime EP1131150B1 (de) | 1998-11-18 | 1999-10-22 | Verfahren zum betreiben einer verbrennungseinrichtung |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1131150B1 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE232133T1 (de) |
| CA (1) | CA2351663A1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE19853162C2 (de) |
| DK (1) | DK1131150T3 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2192417T3 (de) |
| PL (1) | PL194273B1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2000029094A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10142804A1 (de) * | 2000-10-17 | 2002-08-08 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Abgasreinigungsanlage und Verfahren zur Abgasreinigung |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4023921A (en) * | 1975-11-24 | 1977-05-17 | Electric Power Research Institute | Oil burner for NOx emission control |
| DE3021875C2 (de) * | 1980-06-11 | 1985-04-25 | L. & C. Steinmüller GmbH, 5270 Gummersbach | Verfahren zur Anwendung der selektiven Reduktion von Stickoxiden aus einer Flammenverbrennung mit Hilfe von Ammoniak |
| DE3331989A1 (de) * | 1983-09-05 | 1985-04-04 | L. & C. Steinmüller GmbH, 5270 Gummersbach | Verfahren zur verminderung der no(pfeil abwaerts)x(pfeil abwaerts)-emission bei der verbrennung von stickstoffhaltigen brennstoffen |
| NL8902963A (nl) * | 1989-12-01 | 1991-07-01 | Int Flame Research Foundation | Werkwijze voor het verbranden van brandstof met een laag nox-gehalte in de verbrandingsgassen door middel van getrapte brandstoftoevoer en brander te gebruiken daarbij. |
| US5085156A (en) * | 1990-01-08 | 1992-02-04 | Transalta Resources Investment Corporation | Combustion process |
-
1998
- 1998-11-18 DE DE19853162A patent/DE19853162C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-10-22 EP EP99972122A patent/EP1131150B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-10-22 PL PL99348340A patent/PL194273B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-10-22 ES ES99972122T patent/ES2192417T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-10-22 WO PCT/EP1999/008040 patent/WO2000029094A1/de not_active Ceased
- 1999-10-22 DE DE59904247T patent/DE59904247D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-10-22 AT AT99972122T patent/ATE232133T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-10-22 CA CA002351663A patent/CA2351663A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-10-22 DK DK99972122T patent/DK1131150T3/da active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| PL348340A1 (en) | 2002-05-20 |
| ES2192417T3 (es) | 2003-10-01 |
| DE59904247D1 (de) | 2003-03-13 |
| DK1131150T3 (da) | 2003-06-02 |
| EP1131150A1 (de) | 2001-09-12 |
| DE19853162C2 (de) | 2003-04-30 |
| ATE232133T1 (de) | 2003-02-15 |
| DE19853162A1 (de) | 2000-05-31 |
| CA2351663A1 (en) | 2000-05-25 |
| PL194273B1 (pl) | 2007-05-31 |
| WO2000029094A1 (de) | 2000-05-25 |
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