Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
  • A23C11/00—Milk substitutes, e.g. coffee whitener compositions
  • A23C11/02—Milk substitutes, e.g. coffee whitener compositions containing at least one non-milk component as source of fats or proteins
  • A23C11/04—Milk substitutes, e.g. coffee whitener compositions containing at least one non-milk component as source of fats or proteins containing non-milk fats but no non-milk proteins
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23K—FODDER
  • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
  • A23K20/10—Organic substances
  • A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23K—FODDER
  • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
  • A23K20/10—Organic substances
  • A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23K—FODDER
  • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23K—FODDER
  • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
  • A23K50/40—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for carnivorous animals, e.g. cats or dogs
  • A23K50/48—Moist feed
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S426/00—Food or edible material: processes, compositions, and products
  • Y10S426/802—Simulated animal flesh
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S426/00—Food or edible material: processes, compositions, and products
  • Y10S426/805—Pet food for dog, cat, bird, or fish

Definitions

• This invention relates to a canine milk substitute, or bitch milk replacer, which substantially supplies the nutritional requirements of nursing puppies and critical care canines.
• canine milk substitute, or bitch milk replacer which substantially supplies the nutritional requirements of nursing puppies and critical care canines.
• the nutritional requirements of growing puppies as well as adult dogs have been studied; however, little information has been acquired on the composition of canine milk and how it meets the nutritional requirements of nursing puppies. It is generally accepted that milk from the lactating mother provides optimal nutrition to the suckling puppy. Accordingly, milk replacers currently in use have been formulated with the intent of matching the nutrient composition of bitch milk.
• most of the commercially known formulations are based on studies conducted with regard only to crude protein, fat and mineral concentrations in the milk of lactating mothers.
• the present invention meets that need by providing a canine milk substitute, or milk replacer, containing amounts of protein, fat and carbohydrates which closely matches the concentrations of those components in bitch milk.
• the milk replacer of the present invention provides improved fatty acid and amino acid profiles over currently available bitch milk replacers, and has been found to enhance growth in nursing puppies as compared to currently available commercial products.
• the milk replacer also provides a high quality, highly digestible nutrient source for critical care canines.
• an artificially produced canine milk substitute composition is provided which comprises, on a dry matter basis (DMB), from about 35 to 45% by weight protein, from about 25 to 35% by weight fat, and from about 10 to 25% by weight carbohydrates.
• the composition comprises about 38% protein, about 28% fat, and about 19% carbohydrates.
• the protein source preferably comprises casein and whey in a weight ratio of about 70:30.
• the source of fat is preferably selected from the group consisting of corn oil, canola oil, butter oil, arachidonic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and blends thereof.
• the composition of the present invention also preferably contains fatty acids comprising, as a percentage of total fatty acids on a dry matter basis, from about 15 to 19% palmitic acid, from about 5 to 9% stearic acid, from about 34 to 38% oleic acid, from about 17 to 21 % linoleic acid, from about 1 to 4% ⁇ -linolenic acid, from about 0.5 to 2% arachidonic acid, from about 0.2 to 1.0% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), from about 2 to 5% Omega 3 fatty acids, from about 18 to 22% Omega 6 fatty acids, and from about 1 to 4% trans fatty acids.
• the composition preferably contains 27 to 37% by weight fatty acids on a dry matter basis.
• the composition also contains essential amino acids comprising, as a percentage of total essential amino acids on a dry matter basis, from about 6 to 10% arginine, 4 to 8% histidine, 8 to 12% isoleucine, 16 to 20% leucine, from about 13 to 17% lysine, from about 2 to 7% methionine, from about 6 to 10% phenylalanine, from about 8 to 12% threonine, from about 1 to 4% tryptophan, from about 9 to 13% valine, from about 2 to 5% cystine, and from about 2 to 6% tyrosine.
• the composition preferably contains from about 15 to 25% by weight essential amino acids on a dry matter basis.
• the composition also preferably contains, on a dry matter basis, from about 4 to 8% by weight lactose and from about 0.50% by weight fructooligosaccharide.
• the composition may also include mixtures of vitamins and minerals.
• composition of the present invention When the composition of the present invention is fed to puppies in a quantity and frequency appropriate for their nutritional needs, it has been found that the puppies exhibit exceptional growth performance which is superior to other currently available canine milk replacers and which is very similar in pattern to maternally reared puppies.
• Fig. 1 is a bar graph showing percentages of protein, fat and carbohydrates in the composition of the present invention compared with those contained in commercially available bitch milk replacers and bitch milk;
• Fig. 2 is a bar graph showing the fatty acid profile of the composition of the present invention compared with the profiles of commercially available bitch milk replacers and bitch milk;
• Fig. 3 is a bar graph showing the amino acid profile of the composition of the present invention compared with the profiles of commercially available bitch milk replacers and bitch milk.
• the milk substitute composition of the present invention provides an improvement over currently available milk substitutes in that it more closely matches the nutrient profile of bitch milk.
• the composition of the present invention is higher in protein and lower in fat content that currently commercially available milk replacers.
• the composition of the present invention preferably comprises at least 38% by weight protein in comparison to currently available milk replacers which comprise only about 29 to 34% protein.
• the composition of the present invention comprises only about 28% by weight fat in comparison to currently available milk replacers which comprise from about 33 to 42% fat.
• the present invention also provides amino acid profiles and fatty acid profiles which are closer to that of bitch milk than commercially available products.
• milk replacer composition of the present invention is fed to puppies on a daily basis, it has been found to provide greater daily weight gain and improved growth performance than commercially available milk replacer products.
• composition is preferably provided in powder form, but may be provided in any suitable form (e.g., liquid) as long as it contains the preferred concentrations of protein, fat, and carbohydrates on a dry matter basis.
• critical care canines those animals which are under extreme stress due to, for example, extensive trauma, systemic disease, cancer, chemotherapy, malnutrition, ingestion of toxins, or postoperative trauma. Such conditions cause the critical care animal to have higher energy requirements than healthy animals.
• the canine milk substitute is suitable for use as a critical care diet as it provides high quality, highly digestible nutrient sources.
• the canine milk substitute may be provided in liquid form for tube feeding and is highly palatable so as to encourage voluntary intake.
• Amino Acids-Amino acid profiles were determined for milk and for the whey and casein proteins.
• Fatty Acids-Fatty acids profiles were analyzed by gas chromatography. Lactose-Lactose was determined by the lactase assay and total lipids via the Folch procedure.
• Milk proteins-Milk protein composition was determined by gel electrophoresis and by FPLC using gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. Isolated proteins were identified by N-terminal sequencing.
• bitch milk replacer of the present invention was formulated and preferably contains about 38% protein, about 28% fat, and about 19% carbohydrates.
• the casein and whey in the composition have a weight ratio of about 70:30.
• the source of fat in the milk replacer composition preferably comprises a blend of corn oil, canola oil, butter oil, arachidonic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid.
• This blend of fats is believed to provide a fatty acid profile which is close to that of bitch milk and comprises from about 15 to 19% palmitic acid, from about 5 to 9% stearic acid, from about 34 to 38% oleic acid, from about 17 to 21 % linoleic acid, from about 1 to 4% ⁇ -linolenic acid, from about 0.5 to 2% arachidonic acid, from about 0.2 to 1.0% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), from about 2 to 5% Omega 3 fatty acids, from about 18 to 22% Omega 6 fatty acids, and from about 1 to 4% trans fatty acids
• DHA docosahexaenoic acid
• the fatty acids preferably comprise about 25% to 35%, and most preferably, about 28% of the total composition on a dry matter basis.
• the composition also contains amounts of essential amino acids which exhibit a profile similar to that of actual bitch milk.
• the amino acids preferably comprise from about 6 to 10% arginine, 4 to 8% histidine, 8 to 12% isoleucine, 16 to 20% leucine, from about 13 to 17% lysine, from about 2 to 7% methionine, from about 6 to 10% phenylalanine, from about 8 to 12% threonine, from about 1 to 4% tryptophan, from about 9 to 13% valine, from about 2 to 5% cystine, and from about 2 to 6% tyrosine.
• the essential amino acids preferably comprise about 15% to 25%, and most preferably, about 20% of the total composition on a dry matter basis.
• the composition also preferably contains, on a dry matter basis, from about 4- 8% by weight lactose and from about 0.50% by weight fructooligosaccharide.
• Fructooligosaccharide is preferably included in the formulation because studies have shown FOS to be beneficial to the intestinal health of many animals.
• FOS may be metabolized by beneficial intestinal bacterial species, such as Bifidobacterium.
• beneficial intestinal bacteria such as Salmonella, E. coli and Clostridia are unable to process FOS. Therefore, FOS appear to promote a healthy intestinal environment in animals.
• the composition may also contain vitamins and minerals including, but not limited to Vitamin A acetate, cholecalciferol, d, l-alpha tocopheryl acetate, cyanocobalamin, riboflavin, niacinaminde, d-calcium pantothenate, folic acid, thiamin mononitrate, pyridoxine hydrochloride, biotin, inositol, ascorbic acid, dextrose, tricalcium phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium citrate, magnesium sulfate, monosodium phosphate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate, sodium selenite, potassium iodide, cobalt sulfate, and ferric methionine.
• vitamins and minerals including, but not limited to Vitamin A acetate, cholecalciferol, d, l-alpha tocopheryl acetate, cyanocobalamin, rib
• a milk substitute was prepared in accordance with the present invention by combining the following ingredients:
• the "Mineral Premix” contained one or more of the following: tricalcium phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium citrate, magnesium sulfate, monosodium phosphate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate, sodium selenite, potassium iodide, cobalt sulfate, and ferric methionine.
• the "Vitamin Premix” contained one or more of the following: Vitamin A acetate, cholecalciferol, d,l-alpha tocopheryl acetate, cyanocobalamin, riboflavin, niacinaminde, d-calcium pantothenate, folic acid, thiamin mononitrate, pyridoxine hydrochloride, biotin, inositol, and ascorbic acid.
• test formulas were JustBomTM (JBD), available from Farnam Pet Products, Esbilac® Milk Replacer for Puppies (ESB), available from Pet-Ag, Inc., and Nurturall Puppy Balanced Milk Replacer (Nurtal), available from Veterinary Products Laboratory.
• Table 1 shows the protein, fat and carbohydrate content of those commercial formulas compared with the composition of the present invention (Formula A). Natural bitch milk was used as a baseline value (100) * .
• Figs. 2 and 3 are bar graphs illustrating the data from Tables 2 and 3, which clearly show that the fatty acid and amino acid profiles of the composition of the present invention is much more similar to the bitch milk profile than any of the other products.
• MR-I was found to contain higher levels of essential (EAA) and non-essential (NAA) amino acids than MR-II. Puppies fed MR-I were more similar to CTL in serum EAA and EAA:NAA ratio.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Animal Husbandry (AREA)
• Birds (AREA)
• Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
• Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
• Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
• Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
• Fodder In General (AREA)
• Dairy Products (AREA)
• Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (1)

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Family Applications (1)

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• 1999
  • 1999-07-28 US US09/362,401 patent/US6245379B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1999-09-07 AU AU60283/99A patent/AU753725B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1999-09-07 RU RU2001104337/13A patent/RU2218812C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1999-09-07 WO PCT/US1999/020469 patent/WO2000018247A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1999-09-07 JP JP2000571773A patent/JP2002525087A/ja active Pending
  • 1999-09-07 CA CA002346423A patent/CA2346423C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1999-09-07 NZ NZ509776A patent/NZ509776A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1999-09-07 EP EP99969649A patent/EP1130974A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2001
  • 2001-04-09 US US09/829,168 patent/US7404976B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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