EP1123495A1 - Composition et procede de detection de fuites pour systemes de refrigeration hermetiques - Google Patents

Composition et procede de detection de fuites pour systemes de refrigeration hermetiques

Info

Publication number
EP1123495A1
EP1123495A1 EP99955592A EP99955592A EP1123495A1 EP 1123495 A1 EP1123495 A1 EP 1123495A1 EP 99955592 A EP99955592 A EP 99955592A EP 99955592 A EP99955592 A EP 99955592A EP 1123495 A1 EP1123495 A1 EP 1123495A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
refrigerant
composition
dye
refrigeration system
visible
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP99955592A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Monte Bruce Wilson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
PROEM Pty Ltd
Original Assignee
PROEM Pty Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by PROEM Pty Ltd filed Critical PROEM Pty Ltd
Publication of EP1123495A1 publication Critical patent/EP1123495A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
    • G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
    • G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
    • G01M3/20—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using special tracer materials, e.g. dye, fluorescent material, radioactive material
    • G01M3/22—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using special tracer materials, e.g. dye, fluorescent material, radioactive material for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves; for welds; for containers, e.g. radiators
    • G01M3/226—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using special tracer materials, e.g. dye, fluorescent material, radioactive material for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves; for welds; for containers, e.g. radiators for containers, e.g. radiators
    • G01M3/228—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using special tracer materials, e.g. dye, fluorescent material, radioactive material for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves; for welds; for containers, e.g. radiators for containers, e.g. radiators for radiators
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
    • C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
    • C10M171/008—Lubricant compositions compatible with refrigerants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/2835—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/086—Imides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/20—Colour, e.g. dyes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/30—Refrigerators lubricants or compressors lubricants

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the detection of leaks in refrigeration systems, and to an improved leak detection composition and to a refrigerant composition incorporating same.
  • the invention also relates to a method of formulating such compositions.
  • the invention is generally applicable to the detection of leaks from a hermetic refrigerant system, such as refrigeration, heating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems, wherein a fluorescent dye or other visible indicator composition is combined with a suitable refrigerant system lubricant and a material suitable to function as a heat transfer agent or refrigerant in a hermetic system.
  • a hermetic refrigerant system such as refrigeration, heating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems
  • a fluorescent dye or other visible indicator composition is combined with a suitable refrigerant system lubricant and a material suitable to function as a heat transfer agent or refrigerant in a hermetic system.
  • the invention is especially directed towards locating refrigerant leaks from refrigerant systems using refrigerant substances other than chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) that have been banned under the Montreal Protocol.
  • CFC chlorofluorocarbons
  • Refrigerants that are devoid of the chlorine atom and therefore considered environmentally friendly to the earth's ozone layer have been developed and continue to be developed to replace CFC and HCFC materials that are the circulating heat transfer media in many hermetic systems.
  • Many chemical companies have developed products that alone or in combination are suitable to function as heat transfer agents or refrigerants in a hermetic system such as, but not limited to, hydro-chloro-fluorocarbons (HCFC), hydrofluorocarbons (HFC) and hydrogen, halogenated or ether derivatives of methane; hydrogen, halogenated, ether or cyclic derivatives of any of ethane, propane, butane, pentane; mixtures of HCFC, HFC, hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide and ammonia.
  • HCFC hydro-chloro-fluorocarbons
  • HFC hydrofluorocarbons
  • hydrogen, halogenated or ether derivatives of methane hydrogen, halogenated, ether or cyclic
  • HCFC, HFC and hydrocarbon refrigerants are considered less damaging to the environment and have ozone depletion potentials which range from zero to a fraction of one, while the ozone depletion potential of a CFC refrigerant, such as CFC-12, is one.
  • Hydrocarbons such as synthetic hydrocarbons (SHC), alkylbenzene (AB), and polyalphaolefins (PAO) may only be partially soluble in polyalklene glycol and in polyolester lubricants such as those used in the new HFC refrigerant-containing systems.
  • SHC synthetic hydrocarbons
  • AB alkylbenzene
  • PAO polyalphaolefins
  • Leaks in refrigeration systems have up until the present invention been located by various methods, including the injection of a suitable dye material into the system and the detection of the residues of dye left on the surface of the system.
  • a suitable dye material for example, vehicle air-conditioning systems are prone to developing minor refrigerant leaks from small fatigue cracks and loose pipe connections brought about by the vibration that the systems are subjected to in use. The detection and location of the leaks is rendered difficult because the refrigerants in question are normally odourless and colourless.
  • Some new HFC systems reach higher operating temperatures and pressures than the old CFC systems because of different thermodynamic properties. Such higher temperatures and pressures can adversely affect the thermal stability of the dyes in the new HFC- containing systems.
  • the dyes have tended to separate out, or to precipitate out of solution.
  • the present invention is based on the discovery that small but effective quantities of known fluorescent dyes or other diagnostic compositions may remain permanently in suspension or solution in the liquid refrigerant when stored in pressurised storage vessels (e.g. cylinders) long term.
  • the pre-mixture of the dye or other diagnostic composition in solution, with or without the refrigerant and the refrigeration lubricant allows for simplified introduction of the dye or other diagnostic composition into the hermetic refrigeration system.
  • a leak detection composition for a refrigeration system comprising a fluorescent dye or other visible diagnostic composition dissolved in or in suspension or emulsion in a solvent for said dye or diagnostic composition together with a refrigeration system lubricant.
  • a refrigerant composition comprising essentially an admixture of a liquid refrigerant with a fluorescent dye or other visible diagnostic composition dissolved in or in suspension or emulsion in a solvent for the dye or diagnostic composition, and a refrigeration system lubricant.
  • This mixture when pressurised, provides a refrigerant gas composition including a permanent dye component or other visible indicator.
  • a method of detecting leaks in a refrigeration system that uses in combination a refrigerant, a refrigerant system lubricant and a fluorescent dye or other visible diagnostic composition permanently entrained therein, the method comprising the steps of:
  • the hermetic refrigeration system with a predetermined amount of the refrigerant composition from the preceding step operating the charged system as and when required and determining the presence of a leak site by the presence of a coloured fluorescence or other visible coloration detectable by visual observation or with the aid of a lamp that produces light having an emission wavelength from 300 to 480 nanometers, directed at said refrigeration system.
  • the present invention is directed to the detection of leaks in refrigeration systems employing the new alternative HFC environmentally friendly refrigerants where said refrigeration system is suitable for cooling, freezing, heating, ventilating and air conditioning and where said refrigeration system employs alone or in combination, any material, suitable to function as a heat transfer agent or refrigerant in a hermetic system such as, but not limited to, chlorofluorocarbons (CFC), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC), hydrofluorocarbons (HFC) and any hydrogen, halogenated or ether derivatives of methane, hydrogen, halogenated, ether or cyclic derivatives either ethane, propane, butane, pentane, mixtures of HCFC, HFC, hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide and ammonia.
  • CFC chlorofluorocarbons
  • HCFC hydrochlorofluorocarbons
  • HFC hydrofluorocarbons
  • refrigerants include but are not limited to CFC-11, CFC-12, HCFC-22, HCFC-123, HCFC-124, HCFC-142b, HFC-32, HFC-134, HFC-134a, HFC- 152, HFC- 152a, HFC-143a, HFC-125, HFC-245ca, HFC-245fa and HFC-225ca.
  • refrigeration systems can use alone or in combination, refrigeration system lubricants including, but not limited to, hydrocarbons such as natural or refined mineral oils, synthetic hydrocarbons (SHC), alkylbenzenes (AB), polyalphaolefins (PAO) and synthetic poly alkylene glycols that are terminated as mono- or diethers or as esters, and the general class of polyolester lubricants that are either di-, tri-, tetra- or polyfunctional pentaerythritol esters.
  • hydrocarbons such as natural or refined mineral oils
  • synthetic hydrocarbons (SHC) synthetic hydrocarbons (SHC), alkylbenzenes (AB), polyalphaolefins (PAO) and synthetic poly alkylene glycols that are terminated as mono- or diethers or as esters
  • PAO polyalphaolefins
  • synthetic poly alkylene glycols that are terminated as mono- or diethers or as esters
  • PEO polyalphaolefin
  • the mixture of refrigerants and refrigeration system lubricants can be composed of the aforementioned materials having at least 0.001 grams of general naphthalimide dye (including structures that incorporate any nitrogen alkyl derivatives and any functionalized ring chemistry, both carbocyclic and heterocyclic, with either nitrogen, sulfur, carbon or oxygen) dissolved per 100 grams of refrigeration working fluid.
  • general naphthalimide dye including structures that incorporate any nitrogen alkyl derivatives and any functionalized ring chemistry, both carbocyclic and heterocyclic, with either nitrogen, sulfur, carbon or oxygen
  • the choice of dye for inclusion in the refrigerant gas composition is from any suitable known dye which can be dissolved in a solvent and is compatible with the combination of refrigerant and refrigeration system lubricant, and is not precipitated from solution.
  • the preferred dyes are naphthalimide and perylene fluorescent dyes, but are not limited thereto.
  • the dye is incorporated into the solvent generally in the range of about 1 to 5% by weight of the solution, and then entrained into the refrigerant composition in the range of about 0.001 to about 0.1% by weight based on the weight of the dye substance per 100 grams of refrigerant working solution.
  • the refrigerant composition including the dye entrained therein is circulated throughout the entire hermetic refrigeration system, and in time the system will be inspected for leaks with a light excitation source having emission wavelengths in the range from 300 to 480 nanometers.
  • compositions disclosed herein are invisible or of a lesser intensity in ordinary light.
  • a lamp having a light emission output in the range from 300 to 480 nanometers is directed at the lubricant and naphthalimide dye mixture, a striking fluorescence, for example with the colour yellow to yellow green, is immediately noticeable at the leak site.
  • refrigerant is supplied by refrigerant wholesalers to service persons and refrigeration equipment manufacturers in pressure vessels able to withstand the vapour pressure of the refrigerant at normal ambient temperatures.
  • Those pressure vessels are commonly referred to simply as "gas cylinders", notwithstanding that a normally full said gas cylinder is very nearly full of liquid refrigerant in equilibrium with only a relatively small ullage volume of refrigerant vapour.
  • Each said gas cylinder is fitted with a manually operable outlet valve including a standardised hose connector, whereby the cylinder may be connected to standardised manually operable inlet valves, also furnished with standardised hose connectors, for the admission of refrigerant into both the liquid filled high pressure and vapour filled low pressure parts of a refrigeration or air- conditioning system.
  • the present invention contemplates that a wholesaler or manufacturer may incorporate an effective amount of dye stuff into the refrigerant while filling the said gas cylinders for delivery to the system manufacturer or service provider, to enable the latter persons to charge the system with refrigerant in a normal manner, to thereafter render it unnecessary for a service provider to add the dye composition separately when placing gas in a system or adopt special procedures to detect leaks.
  • the invention further consists in a method of filling a gas cylinder with an admixture of liquid refrigerant and an effective amount of a diagnostic dye, comprising the step of continuously injecting a minor flow of a dye into a filler pipe through which a major flow of liquid refrigerant is being fed into a cylinder being filled.
  • a diagnostic dye may be metered into the filler pipe by any form of positive displacement pump or similiar system running at an appropriate speed to deliver the dye against the pumping and vapour pressure of the refrigerant at the temperature in the pipe.
  • the above described method of the invention is applicable to the filling of present day gas cylinders.
  • the dye may be injected directly into the liquid pool in the cylinder simultaneously with the input of refrigerant through the conventional valve.
  • the pigments in dyes that are currently used as diagnostic agents are essentially solids made available as powders. Before they can be readily pumped they require to be dissolved in an appropriate liquid solvent. Indeed they are cu ⁇ ently marketed as solutions containing about 2% by weight of pigment in a liquid solvent. Therefore the term "dye” as used herein includes within its ambit liquid solutions of the pigment material.
  • the dye is preferably delivered in a dye composition
  • a dye composition comprising such liquid solutions of pigment, preferably a pigment that fluoresces under the influence of ultra-violet radiation, in admixture with one or more of the following - mineral oils - vegetable oils - surfactants - synthetic oils - esters - or other suitable solvents therefor.
  • a preferred composition for inclusion in the liquid refrigerant may comprise dye solution containing about 2% by weight of pigment dissolved in an admixture of a combination of the chemicals described above. Those chemicals have been found to reduce or stop the forming of the precipitate previously mentioned.
  • a napthalimide dye was solubilized into a refrigerant composition by first dissolving the dye in a solvent mixture comprising:
  • Fatty Acid Ethoxylate is an Ethylene Oxide Ester based on Oleic Acid. It has six mols of Ethylene Oxide per mol of Oleic Acid.
  • Alcohol Ethoxylate is Cetyl Oleyl Alcohol Ethoxylate, which has two mols of Ethylene Oxide per mol of Cetyl Oleyl Ethoxylate.
  • Polyolester Oil is a lubricant used in air conditioning systems. Particularly those using HFC refrigerants. This chemical could be replaced by any of the lubricants used in refrigeration and air conditioning systems.
  • Napthalimide dyes are recognised for their suitability for fluorescing when exposed to light between 300 - 480 nm.
  • R134a is the gas most commonly used in conjunction with this dye mixture.
  • R134a is an HFC (hydrofluorcarbon) however suitability is not limited to that gas. It is also suitable for use with but not limited to, HCFC's (hydrochlorofluorocarbons) and hydrogen, halogenated, ether or cyclic derivatives of ethane, propane, butane, pentane, mixtures of HCFC, HFC, hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide and ammonia.
  • the dyes able to be used are not limited to Naphalimide dye. It is also suitable for use with Perylene dye and other dyes used for their ability to fluoresce when exposed to light between 300 - 480 nm. The above exemplified dye in solvent solution is then mixed with the liquid refrigerant in a ratio of one part per one hundred.
  • mixtures and chemicals can be used to achieve a similar outcome.
  • these include but are not limited to mineral based oils and synthetic Hydrocarbon (SHC) oil, Polyalkylene glycols and other chemicals used for lubrication of air conditioning and refrigeration systems, fatty acids such as Oleic Acid and other "vegetable oils”, esters and surfactants including but not limited to fatty acid Ethoxylates and other Ethoxylates.
  • SHC Synthetic Hydrocarbon
  • the inventor has speculated that the chemical composition of the dye's solvents must be such that those chemicals used are not completely soluble in the refrigerant gas. If solvents such as (but not limited to) oils, intended for use with a certain refrigerant are used to carry the dye in solution it was found that when the dye and solvent are mixed with the liquid refrigerant, the solvent and refrigerant become bonded and the dye is released from the solvent and then will appear as a solid precipitate in the refrigerant gas.
  • solvents such as (but not limited to) oils

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Examining Or Testing Airtightness (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une composition permettant de détecter les fuites dans un système de réfrigération hermétique, tels que les systèmes de réfrigération, de chauffage, de ventilation et de conditionnement d'air. A cet effet, on combine un colorant fluorescent ou autre composé indicateur visible à un solvant, un lubrifiant de système de réfrigération et une substance appropriés pouvant faire office d'agent de transfert thermique ou de réfrigérant dans un système hermétique, et l'on utilise ce mélange comme composition permanente de travail. L'invention concerne également un procédé permettant de détecter les fuites dans le système hermétique, grâce à l'utilisation de la composition précitée.
EP99955592A 1998-10-23 1999-10-22 Composition et procede de detection de fuites pour systemes de refrigeration hermetiques Withdrawn EP1123495A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPP6711A AUPP671198A0 (en) 1998-10-23 1998-10-23 Detection of refrigerant leaks
AUPP671198 1998-10-23
PCT/AU1999/000921 WO2000025104A1 (fr) 1998-10-23 1999-10-22 Composition et procede de detection de fuites pour systemes de refrigeration hermetiques

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1123495A1 true EP1123495A1 (fr) 2001-08-16

Family

ID=3810930

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99955592A Withdrawn EP1123495A1 (fr) 1998-10-23 1999-10-22 Composition et procede de detection de fuites pour systemes de refrigeration hermetiques

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1123495A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2002528712A (fr)
AU (1) AUPP671198A0 (fr)
BR (1) BR9914727A (fr)
CA (1) CA2346940A1 (fr)
NZ (1) NZ511652A (fr)
WO (1) WO2000025104A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA200102857B (fr)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050145822A1 (en) * 2003-11-13 2005-07-07 Drigotas Martin D. Refrigerant compositions comprising UV fluorescent dye and solubilizing agent
WO2005047843A1 (fr) * 2003-11-17 2005-05-26 The Refrigerant Oil Company (Singapore) Pte Ltd Procede et systeme de detection de fuites
DE102004008480B4 (de) * 2004-02-20 2011-06-22 Theodor Heimeier Metallwerk GmbH, 59597 Dichtigkeitsprüfung geschlossener Systeme mit Hilfe von Fluoreszenzfarbstoffen
JP2006291112A (ja) * 2005-04-14 2006-10-26 Maruenu Hanbai Kk エアコン用添加剤
US20080160620A1 (en) * 2006-12-28 2008-07-03 United Technologies Corporation Method for quantitatively determining the dye content in dyed oils
JP5580481B2 (ja) 2010-08-27 2014-08-27 エンパイア テクノロジー ディベロップメント エルエルシー ハイドロフルオロカーボン検出デバイス
US11774044B1 (en) 2022-03-29 2023-10-03 Zhejiang University Composite pipeline for transporting hydrogen and method for monitoring hydrogen leakage
CN114413186B (zh) * 2022-03-29 2022-10-25 浙江大学 一种氢气输送用复合管道及氢气泄漏监测方法

Family Cites Families (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4436641A (en) * 1981-05-21 1984-03-13 Racon Incorporated Refrigeration liquid with blue leak indicator and process of using same
US5421192A (en) * 1993-06-25 1995-06-06 Bright Solutions, Inc. Leak detection in heating, ventilating and air conditioning systems using an environmentally safe material
AU5818498A (en) * 1997-01-15 1998-08-07 Microbiomed Corporation Naphthalimide dyes and their use as fluid visualizing agents
US5858930A (en) * 1997-05-30 1999-01-12 United Color Manufacturing, Inc. Liquid Benz-iso-Quinoline derivatives

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO0025104A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ZA200102857B (en) 2002-01-30
WO2000025104A1 (fr) 2000-05-04
NZ511652A (en) 2002-12-20
CA2346940A1 (fr) 2000-05-04
BR9914727A (pt) 2001-08-07
JP2002528712A (ja) 2002-09-03
AUPP671198A0 (en) 1998-11-19

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