EP1108821B1 - Sanitary assembly comprising a cistern and a toilet bowl - Google Patents
Sanitary assembly comprising a cistern and a toilet bowl Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1108821B1 EP1108821B1 EP20000403311 EP00403311A EP1108821B1 EP 1108821 B1 EP1108821 B1 EP 1108821B1 EP 20000403311 EP20000403311 EP 20000403311 EP 00403311 A EP00403311 A EP 00403311A EP 1108821 B1 EP1108821 B1 EP 1108821B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- assembly according
- sanitary assembly
- fixing
- plate
- parts
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03D—WATER-CLOSETS OR URINALS WITH FLUSHING DEVICES; FLUSHING VALVES THEREFOR
- E03D1/00—Water flushing devices with cisterns ; Setting up a range of flushing devices or water-closets; Combinations of several flushing devices
- E03D1/24—Low-level flushing systems
- E03D1/26—Bowl with flushing cistern mounted on the rearwardly extending end of the bowl
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sanitary unit comprising two parts, namely a flush cistern and a toilet bowl, provided with means for fixing one to the other.
- Such sanitary units are known in which said fixing means comprise screws, washers, nuts or butterflies and sealing members.
- the installer must intervene at the back and / or under the bowl to fix the sanitary assembly by proceeding to the blind screwing of nuts or butterflies, under the upper part of the bowl, said screwing being effected on screws integral with the reservoir, the latter penetrating holes drilled in the upper part of the bowl.
- a room where is installed a sanitary assembly is generally small, and the space available for access to said fastening means, thus making the fixing and separating operations difficult.
- JP 09 112528 discloses a means for fixing a seat on a toilet.
- WO 96 08615 discloses a toilet comprising a flush tank comprising an inner tank and an outer cover.
- FR-A-2 731 732 describes means for fixing an internal tank inside a main tank of a sanitary unit.
- the invention aims to overcome the disadvantages of conventional sanitary units by creating a sanitary assembly designed to facilitate and accelerate the operations of fixing and uncoupling mutual tank and bowl.
- the invention therefore relates to a sanitary assembly according to claim 1.
- a sanitary assembly according to the invention allows in this way to control said fixing means either by simple pressure, without the need for screwing, for a fixing operation, or simply by pulling, without requiring unscrewing, for a detaching operation.
- the sanitary assembly according to the invention may further comprise one or more of the features of the dependent claims.
- the sanitary assembly shown in Figure 1 according to a preferred embodiment of the invention comprises a flush tank 2 flush lid 3, at the bottom of which is drilled a hole 4.
- This hole has a diameter slightly greater than the diameter the base 6 of a cylindrical valve base 8 of a flush mechanism, but less than the diameter of the upper part of the base 8, said mechanism is not described here.
- An annular sealing member 10 is placed around the base 6 between the upper part of the base 8 and the bottom 9 of the tank 2.
- a plate 12 advantageously chosen from a rigid material such as stainless steel, is pierced at its center with a hole 14 of diameter slightly greater than the diameter of the base 6 and substantially equal to the diameter of the hole 4.
- This plate 12 is placed under the bottom of the tank 2 by coinciding the axes of the holes 4 and 14. In addition, the dimensions of the plate 12 are smaller than the dimensions of this bottom.
- connection of the plate 12 and the tank 2 is ensured by screwing a clamping nut 16 on the base 6, the nut 16 further comprising a lower part 18 forming a hollow cylindrical wall outlet for draining water. smooth outside. Sealing is ensured by crushing the annular sealing member 10 between the upper part of the base 8 and the bottom of the tank 2, as well as possibly by crushing two flat seals 20 and 22 annular , respectively placed between the tank 2 and the plate 12 on the one hand, between the plate 12 and the nut 16 on the other hand, around the base 6.
- the plate 12 has four tongues 24 arranged at its four corners, on which are threaded the hollow square heads 26, that is to say through which pass through a horizontal passage, pins 28 annealed, preferably plastic.
- the plate 12 further comprises two notches 30 parallel to the tongues 24, intended to receive screws 32 with a square flange 31.
- Six recesses 33 shown in FIG. 2 are provided under the bottom of the tank 2 to receive with clearance the heads of the fixing pins 28 and the heads of the screws 32. These recesses are located above the tabs 24 and notches 30 after binding of the plate 12 and the tank 2, to allow the pins 28, respectively the screws 32, to slide along the tongues 24 or notches 30 respectively.
- the sanitary unit also includes a toilet bowl 34.
- This has in its upper part a hole 36 of diameter much greater than that of the lower part 18 of the nut 16, the latter being intended to penetrate into the hole 36.
- a cylindrical lip seal 37 made of flexible material such as rubber, is placed around the portion 18 as shown in FIG. 3.
- the lips 38 are circular flanges of diameter greater than the diameter. of the hole 36.
- the tightening of the seal 37 on the part 18 is ensured by a slightly negative clearance between their respective inside and outside diameters, and its axial positioning by an inner flange 39 which abuts against the lower end edge of the extension 18 of the nut 16.
- the bowl 34 also comprises, in its rear shelf 40, four holes 41 whose diameter is smaller than the maximum diameter of the pins 28 to allow interlocking of the pins 28 in the holes 41 with friction.
- the range 40 of the bowl also comprises two holes 42 of diameter greater than the diameter of the screws 32 to allow, after fixing, the screwing nuts 44 (or, alternatively, butterflies) on the screws 32 by accessing under the beach 40.
- the plate 12 is fixed detachably to the tank 2, under the bottom thereof, the pins and the screws having been previously placed respectively on the tongues 24 and in the notches 30 by sliding respectively of their hollow head 26 and their square collar 31. Then, the gasket 37 is threaded around the cylindrical portion 18 of the nut 16, to then constitute a first integral crew of the tank 2.
- the fixing operation is then very simple: it brings the tank equipped as described above above the range 40 of the bowl, by matching the axis of the nut 16 and that of the hole 36, and placing the pegs 28 and the screws 32 respectively facing the holes 41 and the holes 42. It is then sufficient to press the tank 2 vertically from top to bottom. The centering is ensured automatically by penetration of the seal 37 in the hole 36, the lip 38 bending upwards as shown in Figure 4.
- the fixing is provided by the frictional penetration of the annular pins 28 in the holes 41, as shown in Figure 4.
- the final positioning of the tank on the bowl is obtained when the tank bottom contacts a peripheral rim 46 surrounding the rear shelf 40 of the bowl.
- the height of the flange 46 is sufficient to make invisible the elements constituting said connecting means of the plate to the tank and fixing the tank on the bowl.
- the uncoupling operation of the tank 2 and the bowl 34 is also very simple: in the absence of nuts 44 blocking the attachment, or after unscrewing these nuts, simply pull the tank vertically from bottom to top, to extract by friction the pins 28 of the holes 41.
- the invention illustrated by an exemplary embodiment described above, makes it possible to create a sanitary unit whose operations of fixing and detaching the tank and the bowl are simple and fast, while preserving the hydraulic safety and rigidity of the sanitary unit.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Sanitary Device For Flush Toilet (AREA)
Description
La présente invention concerne un ensemble sanitaire comportant deux parties, à savoir un réservoir de chasse d'eau et une cuvette de toilettes, munies de moyens de fixation de l'une à l'autre.The present invention relates to a sanitary unit comprising two parts, namely a flush cistern and a toilet bowl, provided with means for fixing one to the other.
On connaît de tels ensembles sanitaires dans lesquels lesdits moyens de fixation comprennent des vis, des rondelles, des écrous ou papillons et des organes d'étanchéité.Such sanitary units are known in which said fixing means comprise screws, washers, nuts or butterflies and sealing members.
Lors de l'installation de l'ensemble sanitaire, l'installateur doit intervenir à l'arrière et/ou sous la cuvette pour fixer l'ensemble sanitaire en procédant au vissage en aveugle d'écrous ou papillons, sous la partie supérieure de la cuvette, ledit vissage s'effectuant sur des vis solidaires du réservoir, ces dernières pénétrant dans des trous percés dans la partie supérieure de la cuvette.During the installation of the sanitary unit, the installer must intervene at the back and / or under the bowl to fix the sanitary assembly by proceeding to the blind screwing of nuts or butterflies, under the upper part of the bowl, said screwing being effected on screws integral with the reservoir, the latter penetrating holes drilled in the upper part of the bowl.
De même, lors de l'entretien courant des chasses d'eau, il est parfois nécessaire de désolidariser le réservoir de la cuvette, en particulier pour un remplacement de mécanisme de chasse d'eau, puis de fixer de nouveau le réservoir sur la cuvette après entretien. Ces opérations de désolidarisation et de fixation nécessitent encore de procéder au dévissage ou vissage en aveugle d'écrous ou papillons sur les vis desdits moyens de fixation.Similarly, during the routine maintenance flushing, it is sometimes necessary to separate the tank from the bowl, particularly for a flush mechanism replacement, then to fix the tank on the bowl again after maintenance. These uncoupling and fixing operations still require the unscrewing or screwing of nuts or butterflies on the screws of said fixing means.
De plus, un local où est installé un ensemble sanitaire est en général exigu, ainsi que l'espace disponible pour l'accès auxdits moyens de fixation, rendant ainsi les opérations de fixation et de désolidarisation difficiles.In addition, a room where is installed a sanitary assembly is generally small, and the space available for access to said fastening means, thus making the fixing and separating operations difficult.
JP 09 112528 décrit un moyen de fixation d'un siège sur des toilettes.JP 09 112528 discloses a means for fixing a seat on a toilet.
WO 96 08615 décrit des toilettes comportant un réservoir de chasse d'eau comprenant un réservoir intérieur et un cache extérieur.WO 96 08615 discloses a toilet comprising a flush tank comprising an inner tank and an outer cover.
FR-A-2 731 732 décrit des moyens de fixation d'un réservoir interne à l'intérieur d'un réservoir principal d'un ensemble sanitaire.FR-A-2 731 732 describes means for fixing an internal tank inside a main tank of a sanitary unit.
L'invention vise a remédier aux inconvénients des ensembles sanitaires classiques en créant un ensemble sanitaire conçu pour faciliter et accélérer les opérations de fixation et de désolidarisation mutuelles du réservoir et de la cuvette.The invention aims to overcome the disadvantages of conventional sanitary units by creating a sanitary assembly designed to facilitate and accelerate the operations of fixing and uncoupling mutual tank and bowl.
L'invention a donc pour objet un ensemble sanitaire conforme à la revendication 1.The invention therefore relates to a sanitary assembly according to claim 1.
Un ensemble sanitaire selon l'invention permet de la sorte de commander lesdits moyens de fixation soit par simple pression, sans nécessiter de vissage, pour une opération de fixation, soit par simple traction, sans nécessiter de dévissage, pour une opération de désolidarisation.A sanitary assembly according to the invention allows in this way to control said fixing means either by simple pressure, without the need for screwing, for a fixing operation, or simply by pulling, without requiring unscrewing, for a detaching operation.
L'ensemble sanitaire selon l'invention peut en outre comporter une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques des revendications dépendantes.The sanitary assembly according to the invention may further comprise one or more of the features of the dependent claims.
L'invention sera mieux comprise à l'aide de la description qui va suivre, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple et faite en se référant aux dessins annexés sur lesquels :
- la figure 1 est une vue éclatée en perspective d'un ensemble sanitaire selon l'invention ;
- la figure 2 est une vue de dessous du réservoir, selon la flèche Il de la figure 1 ;
- la figure 3 est une vue partielle en coupe au niveau de l'organe d'étanchéité à lèvres de l'ensemble sanitaire avant assemblage ; et
- la figure 4 est une vue en coupe de l'ensemble sanitaire assemblé, selon la ligne IV-IV de la figure 1.
- Figure 1 is an exploded perspective view of a sanitary assembly according to the invention;
- Figure 2 is a bottom view of the tank, according to arrow II of Figure 1;
- Figure 3 is a partial sectional view at the lip seal member of the sanitary assembly before assembly; and
- FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the assembled sanitary assembly along the line IV-IV of FIG.
L'ensemble sanitaire représenté à la figure 1 selon un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention comprend un réservoir 2 de chasse d'eau à couvercle 3, au fond duquel est percé un trou 4. Ce trou a un diamètre légèrement supérieur au diamètre du culot 6 d'une embase de soupape 8 cylindrique d'un mécanisme de chasse d'eau, mais inférieur au diamètre de la partie supérieure de l'embase 8, ledit mécanisme n'étant pas décrit ici. Un organe d'étanchéité 10 annulaire est placé autour du culot 6 entre la partie supérieure de l'embase 8 et le fond 9 du réservoir 2.The sanitary assembly shown in Figure 1 according to a preferred embodiment of the invention comprises a
Une plaque 12, avantageusement choisie dans un matériau rigide tel que de l'acier inoxydable, est percée en son centre d'un trou 14 de diamètre légèrement supérieur au diamètre du culot 6 et sensiblement égal au diamètre du trou 4.A
Cette plaque 12 vient se placer sous le fond du réservoir 2 en faisant coïncider les axes des trous 4 et 14. De plus, les dimensions de la plaque 12 sont inférieures aux dimensions de ce fond.This
La liaison de la plaque 12 et du réservoir 2 est assurée par vissage d'un écrou 16 de serrage sur le culot 6, l'écrou 16 comportant en outre une partie 18 inférieure formant un prolongement cylindrique creux d'évacuation d'eau à paroi extérieure lisse. L'étanchéité est assurée par écrasement de l'organe d'étanchéité 10 annulaire entre la partie supérieure de l'embase 8 et le fond du réservoir 2, ainsi que, éventuellement, par écrasement de deux joints d'étanchéité plats 20 et 22 annulaires, placés respectivement entre le réservoir 2 et la plaque 12 d'une part, entre la plaque 12 et l'écrou 16 d'autre part, autour du culot 6.The connection of the
La plaque 12 comporte quatre languettes 24 disposées à ses quatre angles, sur lesquelles s'enfilent les têtes 26 carrées creuses, c'est-à-dire traversées par un passage horizontal, de chevilles 28 annelées, de préférence en matière plastique. Sur deux côtés opposés, la plaque 12 comporte en outre deux encoches 30 parallèles aux languettes 24, destinées à recevoir des vis 32 à collet carré 31. Six évidements 33 représentés à la figure 2 sont prévus sous le fond du réservoir 2 pour recevoir avec jeu les têtes des chevilles 28 de fixation et les têtes des vis 32. Ces évidements se trouvent au-dessus des languettes 24 et des encoches 30 après liaison de la plaque 12 et du réservoir 2, afin de permettre aux chevilles 28, respectivement aux vis 32, de coulisser le long des languettes 24, respectivement des encoches 30.The
L'ensemble sanitaire comprend également une cuvette 34 de toilettes. Celle-ci comporte dans sa partie supérieure un trou 36 de diamètre nettement supérieur à celui de la partie inférieure 18 de l'écrou 16, cette dernière étant destinée à pénétrer dans le trou 36. Afin d'assurer l'étanchéité entre ladite partie 18 et le trou 36, un joint d'étanchéité à lèvres 37 cylindrique, réalisé en matériau souple tel que du caoutchouc, est placé autour de la partie 18 comme représenté à la figure 3. Les lèvres 38 sont des collerettes circulaires de diamètre supérieur au diamètre du trou 36. Le serrage du joint 37 sur la partie 18 est assuré par un jeu légèrement négatif entre leurs diamètres intérieur et extérieur respectifs, et son positionnement axial par une collerette intérieure 39 qui vient buter contre la tranche d'extrémité inférieure du prolongement 18 de l'écrou 16.The sanitary unit also includes a
La cuvette 34 comporte également, dans sa plage arrière 40, quatre trous 41 dont le diamètre est inférieur au diamètre maximal des chevilles 28 afin de permettre un emboîtement des chevilles 28 dans les trous 41 avec frottement.The
La plage 40 de la cuvette comporte aussi deux trous 42 de diamètre supérieur au diamètre des vis 32 afin de permettre, après fixation, le vissage d'écrous 44 (ou, en variante, de papillons) sur les vis 32 en accédant sous la plage 40.The
Avant de procéder à la fixation du réservoir 2 sur la cuvette 34, la plaque 12 est fixée de façon amovible au réservoir 2, sous le fond de celui-ci, les chevilles et les vis ayant été au préalable placées respectivement sur les languettes 24 et dans les encoches 30 par coulissement respectivement de leur tête creuse 26 et de leur collet carré 31. Puis, on enfile le joint d'étanchéité 37 autour de la partie cylindrique 18 de l'écrou 16, pour constituer alors un premier équipage solidaire du réservoir 2.Before proceeding to the fixing of the
L'opération de fixation est alors très simple : on amène le réservoir équipé comme décrit plus haut au-dessus de la plage 40 de la cuvette, en mettant en correspondance l'axe de l'écrou 16 et celui du trou 36, et en plaçant les chevilles 28 et les vis 32 respectivement face aux trous 41 et aux trous 42. Il suffit alors d'appuyer sur le réservoir 2 verticalement de haut en bas. Le centrage est assuré automatiquement par pénétration du joint 37 dans le trou 36, les lèvres 38 fléchissant vers le haut comme représenté à la figure 4. La fixation est assurée par la pénétration avec frottement des chevilles annelées 28 dans les trous 41, comme représenté à la figure 4. Le positionnement final du réservoir sur la cuvette est obtenu lorsque le fond du réservoir entre en contact avec un rebord périphérique 46 entourant la plage arrière 40 de la cuvette. La hauteur du rebord 46 est suffisante pour rendre invisibles les éléments constituant lesdits moyens de liaison de la plaque au réservoir et de fixation du réservoir sur la cuvette.The fixing operation is then very simple: it brings the tank equipped as described above above the
Lorsque le réservoir est ainsi fixé sur la cuvette 34, il est possible, mais non nécessaire, d'assurer une fixation complémentaire du réservoir par vissage des écrous 44 sur les vis 32, en accédant sous la plage arrière de la cuvette. Bien entendu, si ce vissage est jugé non nécessaire, on peut se passer totalement des vis 32.When the reservoir is thus fixed on the
L'opération de désolidarisation du réservoir 2 et de la cuvette 34 est également très simple : en l'absence d'écrous 44 bloquant la fixation, ou après dévissage de ces écrous, il suffit de tirer sur le réservoir verticalement de bas en haut, pour extraire par frottement les chevilles 28 des trous 41.The uncoupling operation of the
Il apparaît donc clairement que l'invention, illustrée d'un exemple de mode de réalisation décrit précédemment, permet de créer un ensemble sanitaire dont les opérations de fixation et de désolidarisation du réservoir et de la cuvette sont simples et rapides, tout en préservant les sécurités hydrauliques et la rigidité de l'ensemble sanitaire.It therefore clearly appears that the invention, illustrated by an exemplary embodiment described above, makes it possible to create a sanitary unit whose operations of fixing and detaching the tank and the bowl are simple and fast, while preserving the hydraulic safety and rigidity of the sanitary unit.
Claims (8)
- Sanitary assembly comprising a first and a second part equipped with means for fixing the one to the other, the first part being a cistern (2) and the second part being a toilet flowl (34), said fixing means comprising male elements integrally formed in one of the said parts and female elements integrally formed in the other part, the male elements fitting into the female elements with friction, characterised in that the male elements have a maximum diameter greater than that of the female elements in order to permit the penetration with friction of the male elements into the female elements to ensure the fixing.
- Sanitary assembly according to claim 1, characterised in that the male elements are ribbed pins (28) formed from plastics material.
- Sanitary assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterised in that the female elements are holes (41) provided in at least one of the said parts, especially in the bowl (34).
- Sanitary assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that all the male elements are integrally formed in one of the said parts, especially in the cistern (2).
- sanitary assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that said fixing means comprise a plate (12) equipped with means for linking to a first of said parts, pins (28) with heads (26), each pin being adapted to be positioned in an adjustable manner on the plate with its head held .by the letter, and holes (41) in the other of said parts, these holes being adapted to receive as a friction-fit the shanks of the pins (26) -
- Sanitary assembly according to claim 5 , characterised in that the plate (12) includes at least two tongues (24) and in that the pins (28) include a hollow head (26) adapted to thread onto these tongues (24).
- Sanitary assembly according to claim 5 or 6, characterised in that the plate (12) also includes at least two oblong slots (30) intended to receive in an adjustable manner screws (32) for additionally fixing said parts to each other.
- Sanitary assembly according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterised in that said linking means of the plate (12) include a nut (16), which has a hollow cylindrical extension (18) for water evacuation which penetrates into an opening (36) in said other part, and a sealing member with annular lips (37) placed around this extension.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9915770 | 1999-12-14 | ||
| FR9915770A FR2802227B1 (en) | 1999-12-14 | 1999-12-14 | SANITARY ASSEMBLY COMPRISING A FLUSHING TANK AND A TOILET BOWL |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1108821A1 EP1108821A1 (en) | 2001-06-20 |
| EP1108821B1 true EP1108821B1 (en) | 2006-02-22 |
Family
ID=9553252
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20000403311 Expired - Lifetime EP1108821B1 (en) | 1999-12-14 | 2000-11-27 | Sanitary assembly comprising a cistern and a toilet bowl |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1108821B1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE60026126D1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2802227B1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11572679B2 (en) | 2019-09-03 | 2023-02-07 | Kohler Co. | Systems and methods for coupling a tank of a toilet to a pedestal of the toilet |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6728976B1 (en) * | 2003-01-20 | 2004-05-04 | Kohler Co. | Toilet tank attachment bracket with unitary spring arm |
| US7913328B2 (en) | 2006-09-20 | 2011-03-29 | Kohler Co. | Toilet tank connector assembly |
| US10214890B2 (en) * | 2012-05-23 | 2019-02-26 | Kohler Co. | Toilet coupling |
| US9487937B2 (en) * | 2012-05-23 | 2016-11-08 | Kohler Co. | Toilet coupling |
| ITUB20152529A1 (en) * | 2015-07-28 | 2017-01-28 | Oliveira & Irmao Sa | ASSEMBLY SYSTEM FOR A RINSING CASSETTE, IN PARTICULAR A CERAMIC RINSING CASSETTE |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE9403033L (en) * | 1994-09-12 | 1995-11-13 | Ifoe Sanitaer Ab | Water closet with flushing cistern that includes an inner and outer cistern |
| FR2731732A1 (en) * | 1995-03-14 | 1996-09-20 | Piat Moise | Insertion method for inner reservoir in toilet cistern |
| JP3591740B2 (en) * | 1995-10-13 | 2004-11-24 | 株式会社ニフコ | Connecting clip |
-
1999
- 1999-12-14 FR FR9915770A patent/FR2802227B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-11-27 EP EP20000403311 patent/EP1108821B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-11-27 DE DE60026126T patent/DE60026126D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11572679B2 (en) | 2019-09-03 | 2023-02-07 | Kohler Co. | Systems and methods for coupling a tank of a toilet to a pedestal of the toilet |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2802227A1 (en) | 2001-06-15 |
| DE60026126D1 (en) | 2006-04-27 |
| FR2802227B1 (en) | 2002-10-31 |
| EP1108821A1 (en) | 2001-06-20 |
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