EP1106033B1 - Widerstandsflächen-heizelement - Google Patents
Widerstandsflächen-heizelement Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1106033B1 EP1106033B1 EP99941575A EP99941575A EP1106033B1 EP 1106033 B1 EP1106033 B1 EP 1106033B1 EP 99941575 A EP99941575 A EP 99941575A EP 99941575 A EP99941575 A EP 99941575A EP 1106033 B1 EP1106033 B1 EP 1106033B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- heating element
- layers
- element according
- resistive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
- H05B3/36—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heating conductor embedded in insulating material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/011—Heaters using laterally extending conductive material as connecting means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/016—Heaters using particular connecting means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a resistance surface heating element.
- Electric resistance heating elements are becoming versatile e.g. used for heating rooms. Opposite heating elements with rod, tube or spiral resistors those with resistance surfaces prove to be Particularly advantageous, since the heat on them entire surface of a resistance layer are given can.
- resistance surface heaters with high performance to provide.
- such Resistance surface heating element but also with mechanical Damage and when e.g. Water splashing in be used in the environment without security risks can.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a resistance surface heating element, in the following only as a heating element designated to create that these requirements sufficient that allows operation with mains voltage, moreover simply connected and installed electrically. can, and in which several electrically conductive layers are provided in which contact electrodes are are applied that when contacting the heating element only a selected number at a given position is achieved by contact electrodes.
- the outer conductive layers still covered by electrically insulating layers his.
- a serious disadvantage of this type of surface heating consists in the fact that in the operating state, i.e. when switched on Power supply, between the heating layer and the grounded layer always has a capacitive feedback results in one depending on the size of the heating surface more or less strong leakage current on the grounded Layer caused. That means an appropriate one Residual current circuit breakers in terms of size of a given heating element must be selected or conversely, that the size of a desired heating element to the residual current tolerance of a given RCCB must be adjusted in order not to be premature and to cause undesired tripping of the RCCB.
- a similar type of panel heating is used in Germany Design specification AS 1288702 described.
- an additional, Metal foil designed as a fuse be from the heating surface also through an insulating layer is delimited.
- US-A-4,725,717 dated February 16, 1988 discloses a panel heater described with antistatic surfaces.
- the insulation layer enveloping the heating element is in embedded electroconductive materials on the surface attached and the surface is grounded so that any static charges can be dissipated.
- personal security is due to the mechanically resistant insulation layer or optionally guaranteed by a protective conductor layer.
- the protective conductor is not shielded from capacitive ones Leakage currents provided.
- thermoelectric De-icing system for aircraft wing surfaces in combination with a residual current circuit breaker, as a result Called FI, described.
- the shielding layer used here is grounded and not with the Neutral conductor connected. So that the FI does not trip, in this a separate winding can be provided over which the capacitive leakage current flows. It is therefore a special FI and a separate line between FI and shield layer is necessary.
- the present invention is the knowledge based on the fact that by essentially keeping completely free of the earth conductor (protective conductor) of capacitive leakage currents total independence between the types of FI brand and the size of the heating element reached can be. This has both for the. Use in practice as well as for the approval and protection class certification procedures according to the standards of the responsible technical testing services over considerable advantages the known surface heating elements. It is the first time possible buildings or other objects with electrical surface heating to equip any size without doing so on the mostly already existing RCCB to have to take special care. Also, in contrast Protection class certification for existing surface heating types for the heating elements according to the invention made and issued regardless of size. About that capacitive fault currents on the earth conductor would also occur (Protective conductor) also due to additional phase shifts Display unwanted store parameters in the FI area.
- a Heating element according to claim 1 enables.
- a protective switch or Residual current switches are triggered.
- this first Conductor layer which acts as an additional neutral conductor, becomes a capacitive coupling between the resistance heating surface and the protective conductor is basically prevented.
- the neutral conductor capacitively shields the protective conductor towards the resistance heating surface.
- the flat Neutral conductor and the flat protective conductor above are at the same potential; it can therefore be between these two surface conductors regardless of the Size of the - possibly also from individual elements composite - entire heating surface no capacitive Residual current flows through the protective conductor.
- a contact electrode is used to start up the heating element the resistance layer to the neutral conductor and the other connected to the phase, creating one Current flow generated in the surface of the resistance layer which heats up and the warmth to the environment emits.
- the heating element according to the invention can be contacted with simple means. So can the electrical contact in the inventive Heating element by inserting contact elements, e.g. of contact tabs, made by the thickness extend the heating element. If such a contact nose each electrically either with the phase, the Neutral conductor or the grounding of the power supply connected is introduced into the heating element according to the invention, so this nose only comes with the desired contact electrodes of the respective layer. On Short circuit between the individual contact electrodes can thus be avoided.
- Heating element also a non-positive or positive connection between the power supply and the contact electrodes.
- a connection can be made by contacting means are generated, which the contact electrodes in the Contact depth.
- Clamps can be used those at predetermined locations from above and below via electrical conductive contact tongues or contact teeth in the Intervene in the heating element.
- Such contacting in the Depth is only possible with the heating element according to the invention.
- Protective conductor and a shield attached, see above would be due to the pressure to insert the contact element and by the contact element itself a short circuit between the individual layers.
- the contacting offers in depth but via the precise connection predetermined contact electrodes the advantage that the positive connection between the heating element and the power supply also tensile and shear loads can withstand.
- the whole Heating element waterproof thanks to external insulation layers included and therefore a danger when touched of the surface heating element can be avoided.
- the insulation is the whole Heating element, especially the contact electrodes, of of great importance to ensure safety when using the To ensure heating element.
- the heating element according to the invention is a suitable one Contacting, for example, via contact tabs or Contact teeth possible.
- Preferred materials for the resistance mass are in Claim 5 described
- the use of an electrically conductive Polymers in the resistance mass brings among other things the advantage that with a suitable choice of the polymer Power of the heating element compared to the power when in use of soot can be increased.
- the embodiment according to claim 7 has in addition to manufacturing technology Advantages have the further advantage that e.g. when using electrically conductive polymers entire heating element has a high flexibility and due to the elasticity against mechanical loads and thermal fluctuations, and without mechanical damage easily stored, transported and can be installed.
- the Heating element openings that e.g. have a circular shape and an attachment of the heating element e.g. enable on the wall or on the floor.
- a fastener e.g. a screw through be performed without a short circuit of the conductive Layers and the resistance layer is generated.
- the structure of the heating element according to claim 10 offers different places of the heating element For example, according to the dimensions of the the appropriate area to be covered with the heating element Contact electrode can be selected in the respective layer, from which the path to the power supply line is the least is.
- the can heating area adapted to the width of the heating element and in an embodiment with multiple pairs of contact electrodes in the resistance layer between the distance a pair of contact electrodes and the entire width of the Heating element can be varied.
- Claim 13 are by the stripe-shaped distances possible between the sub-areas of the respective layer Cut edges created on which the heating element is divided can be. Will be in such an area that is free of Resistance mass or conductive material is the heating element severed, so arise due to the through contact electrodes again contacting options.
- the heating element according to the invention can thus can be cut to any size as required, without the advantages of those that go beyond the sub-area Contact electrodes and the resulting possibility of contacting get lost.
- the sub-areas are preferably according to claim 14 arranged so that when cutting an inventive Heating element is ensured that at the Cutting edge of none of the partial areas in the resistance layer or in the first or second conductor layer open, i.e. is uninsulated; thus is a safe one Contact possible.
- a heating element 1 in which a Resistance layer 10 between two along the sides the resistance layer 10 extending contact electrodes 11, 12 is arranged.
- This resistance layer 10 with the contact electrodes 11, 12 lies between two insulating layers 70, 40.
- On the upper insulating layer 40 is a first conductor layer 20 arranged on a Side in the edge region has a contact electrode 21. Another is located on this first conductor layer 20 Insulating layer 50, the conductor layer 20 from the separates second conductor layer 30.
- the second conductor layer 30 also has a contact electrode 31 on one side on. There is another insulating layer on the second conductor layer 60 arranged.
- the contact electrode 21 on the resistive layer (10) following first conductor layer 20 overlaps exactly with the contact electrode 12 of the resistance layer. This can make contact by introducing a Contact element, e.g. a contact nose or tongue done by these two contact electrodes.
- the contact electrode 21 of the additional neutral conductors first conductor layer 20 and the neutral conductor functioning contact electrode 12 of the resistance layer 10 are connected to the neutral conductor of the power supply.
- the Contact electrode 31 of the protective conductor to be grounded, second conductor layer 30 to the contact electrodes 12 and 21 preferably arranged laterally offset and is therefore not congruent in the projection about this. In the embodiment shown the contact electrode 31 opposite the contact electrodes 21 and 12 laterally offset to the left.
- the contact electrode 31 opposite the contact electrodes 12, 21 to the right, i.e. H. towards the second Contact electrode 11 of the resistance layer 10.
- the second contact electrode 11 of the resistance layer 10 is connected to the phase of the power supply according to the invention.
- the ends of the contact electrodes protrude 11, 12, 21, 31 on one side over the respective Layers 10, 20, 30 beyond. Contacting the Contact electrodes in this protruding area takes place, can thus be carried out by contact elements, that extend through the heating element without one To create a short circuit with another layer.
- openings 14, 24, 34 are also in the Layers 10, 20, 30 shown. These openings 14, 24, 34 are arranged in the respective layers 10, 20, 30 in such a way that they coincide in projection.
- Attaching the heating element 1 to a wall or a Floor can e.g. B. a screw through these openings be passed through. The screw just kicks in in contact with the insulating layers 40, 50, 60, 70, not however with the electrically conductive layers 20, 30 and the resistance layer 10. This causes a short circuit between layers 10, 20, 30 avoided, so that a reliable secure attachment for that heating element according to the invention is given.
- the contact electrodes are on the respective Layers arranged on the edge. But it is also within the scope of the invention to arrange the contact electrodes in such a way that this is at a distance from the edge in the edge area of the respective layer.
- An advantage of the heating element according to the invention is one the simple and reliable way of contacting through the arrangement of the contact electrodes to each other and the possibility of this heating element with 220 V AC voltage to be able to operate.
- When applying the Heating element with mains voltage must ground the element to be possible. This is through the second conductor layer generated.
- the contact electrode 31 is the second conductor layer to the protective line of the power supply connected.
- first conductor layer 20 is provided. This is connected to the neutral conductor connected to the power supply and at the same time with the one contact electrode of the resistance layer contacted.
- FIG 2 is the top view of another embodiment of the heating element according to the invention.
- Insulating layer 60 is shown for better understanding not shown in this figure.
- the second conductor layer 30 has two contact electrodes in the illustrated embodiment 31, 31 '. These are contact electrodes one pair of contact electrodes 11, 12 or 11 ', 12' assigned to the resistance layer 10. Furthermore everyone is A pair of contact electrodes each has a contact electrode 21 or 21 'assigned to the first conductor layer 20. The contact electrodes 12, 21 and 12 ', 21' coincide completely. The contact electrodes 31 and 31 ', however, are closed these overlapping contact electrodes 12, 21, 12 ', 21' laterally offset. The distance between the Electrodes 31 and 12, 21 is small compared to the distance between the contact electrodes 11 and 12 of the resistance layer.
- the contact electrode 11 is in projection to the contact electrode 31 ', assigned to the next pair of contact electrodes 11 ', 12' is spaced. This distance is also opposite Distance between the pair of electrodes 11, 12 or 11 ', 12' low.
- partial areas 13, 23, 33 are provided, in which in the conductor layers 20, 30 conductive material and in the resistance layer 10 Resistance mass is present.
- the sub-areas 13, 23, 33 of the individual layers coincide in projection. There are distances between these sections, in which neither resistance mass nor electrically conductive There is material. These distances extend in strips over the entire width of the heating element.
- the Dimension of the strip is contrary to the dimension of the partial areas 13, 23, 33 low. The distances serve as possible cut edges S when dividing the invention Heating element. At these intervals only the insulating layers as well as through the entire length of the heating element extending contact electrodes in front.
- FIG. 2 different ones can be used Areas of the heating element 1 connected to the power supply and be warmed by it. For one thing a contacting of the contact electrodes 11 ', 12 in the Resistance layer with further connection of the conductor layers 20, 30 possible via the contact electrodes 21, 31. at such contacting, the heating element its entire width and that distributed over its length Sections warmed. The distance between the sections is preferably kept low to prevent loss To minimize the area over which heat is emitted.
- FIG 3 is an exploded view of a heating element 1 with partial areas 13, 23, 33.
- the position of the contact electrodes in the individual lines is shown Layers and in particular the relative location of the Contact electrodes of the individual layers to each other seen.
- the insulating layers 40, 50, 60, 70 are in Figure 3 not shown.
- the insulating layers are dimensioned so that they extending in the longitudinal and width directions over the surfaces 10, 20, 30 extend and preferably over the Ends of the layers protruding contact electrodes cover.
- the size of the heating element according to the invention is variable. Widths of e.g. B. 250 mm, 500 mm, 625 mm, 1000 mm, 1250 mm or 1.5 m can be realized.
- the distance between each forming a pair of contact electrodes Contact electrodes of the resistance layer can also can be varied. For example, Distances of e.g. 10 centimeters be provided. Also a finer subdivision, i.e. on smaller distance between the electrodes of the pair of contact electrodes, is possible. By such a finer Subdivision is shown in an embodiment like this one in Figure 2 and 3 is shown, the possibility given cut the heating element to any width.
- the heating element is located at a point S ', between a contact electrode 11 of the resistance layer and the contact electrode 31 'of the second conductor layer lies, severed.
- a contact electrode 11 of the resistance layer and the contact electrode 31 'of the second conductor layer lies, severed.
- Figure 2 Embodiment would be two separate Result in heating elements that are used immediately can.
- the heating element according to the invention thus has the further Advantage in that this has several contacting options across the width, due to the presence of several pairs of contact electrodes, and along the length, through the distances between the sub-areas.
- the resistance layer As a material for the resistance layer, besides carbon black and electrically conductive polymer heating lacquer also others Resistance measures are used that are sufficient Have flexibility. Furthermore, the resistance layer also consist of a carrier material that with a resistance mass is coated. As a carrier material can plastic fabrics, fiberglass mats, nonwovens and the like be used. But it can also be any other internal or external insulating layer as carrier layer for the adjoining or adjacent Conductor layer (s) to be executed.
- the conductor layers are preferred according to the invention made of the same material as the resistance layer.
- the thickness of the individual layers of the heating element can be selected differently depending on the area of application.
- the outer insulation layers serve in addition to the electrical Insulation also protects against mechanical damage and can for example have a thickness of 50-200 ⁇ m, preferably have 100 microns.
- the one between the resistance layer and the first conductor layer lying insulating layer can e.g. a thickness of 50-100 ⁇ m, preferably 75 ⁇ m, and for those between the first and second conductor layer arranged insulating layer can smaller thickness, for example 10-50 microns, preferably 30 ⁇ m can be selected.
- the thickness of the resistance layer varies depending in particular of the material used. Is the resistance layer made of a material such. B. immediately is printed on the insulating layer, so the thickness low, e.g. B. 10 microns. The thickness is greater Resistance layer in cases where this is a carrier material includes. Here thicknesses of z. B. 3000 microns to get voted.
- the thickness of the first conductor layer is typically Range of, for example, 10-50 ⁇ m and that of the second Conductor layer in the range of 50 - 100 ⁇ m.
- the individual layers of the heating element according to the invention can be linked together by conventional methods become.
- the laminates produced in this way are then joined together connected.
- the material of the resistance layer or the electrically conductive layers themselves serve as an adhesive. But it is also in the frame of the invention, the individual layers or prefabricated Laminates by inserting plastic films such. B. polyester films and subsequent thermal treatment with one another connect to.
- the contact electrodes can be in the resistance layer or conductor layer incorporated or attached to this his. Either the material of the Layer or other known conductive contact adhesive used become.
- the insulating layers can be made of known insulating materials exist, e.g. B. made of polyester and can be in the form of Foils are used.
- the amount by which the contact electrodes over at least one side of the respective layer may be, for example, 5 mm.
- the distance between the sub-areas with Resistance mass or electrically conductive material coated are z. B. 10 mm. Will the heating element in the middle of this distance, d. H. 5 mm from If the next section is severed, two are created Heating element parts, each with several contact options have at the cutting edge.
- the length of the subareas can e.g. B. be 200 mm.
- the Partial areas can also be divided into themselves. For this are at certain intervals in the longitudinal and / or width direction at intervals of e.g. 10 mm narrow strips of for example, 3 mm provided that is free of resistance mass or are electrically conductive material. Through this Streak will weld the insulating layers enables these points and thus the strength of the whole Heating element, d. H. in particular the liability of individual layers, improved.
- the materials of the resistance layer and conductor layers as well as by the in the inventive Usable small thicknesses of the heating element individual layers, it is possible to use any heating element Size. Because of the flexibility of the entire heating element, this can be manufactured as a continuous product become. This continuous product can be reeled on rolls and unrolled as needed. For the production of such a continuous material can be conventional Laminating devices are used in which the Layers are processed to a multilayer structure.
- the heating element according to the invention chosen that the resistance mass and the conductive material only in Has sub-areas and in which several pairs of electrodes are provided in the resistance layer, the pairs of electrodes one contact electrode each in the first and is assigned to the second conductor layer.
- the inventive Heating element By the distances between the sub-areas, or the Distances between the contact electrode of the resistor-> layer and a projection on the side Contact electrode of the first or second conductor layer cut edges are defined along which the inventive Heating element can be divided. So it is possible, the heating element on site in the desired size to cut and contact with the power supply. Here, due to the large number of contact electrode pairs several contact options in the resistance layer given over the width of the heating element, the depending on the position of the power supply and the to heating surface can be selected.
- the position of the contact electrodes and the sub-areas or the resistance layer and conductor layer is preferred on the top and bottom insulation layers marked so that the user the possible contact points can easily recognize.
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- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
- Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
- Central Heating Systems (AREA)
- Cookers (AREA)
- Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
Description
- Figur 1
- eine schematische Explosionsdarstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Heizelementes
- Figur 2
- Draufsicht auf eine Ausführungsform des Heizelementes mit Teilbereichen
- Figur 3
- eine schematische Explosionsdarstellung eines Heizelementes mit Teilbereichen
Claims (16)
- Widerstandsflächen-Heizelement (1), das zumindest eine Widerstandsschicht (10), zwei Leiterschichten (20, 30), sowie zwischen den jeweiligen Schichten (10, 20, 30) angeordnete Isolierschichten (40, 50) umfaßt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die auf die Widerstandsschicht (10) folgende, erste Leiterschicht (20) als mit der Widerstandsschicht (10) über an den beiden Schichten (10, 20) vorgesehene Kontaktelektroden (12, 21) verbundener Neutralleiter und die nachfolgende, zweite Leiterschicht (30) als über eine Kontaktelektrode (31) zu erdender Schutzleiter ausgeführt sind.
- Heizelement gemäss Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Widerstandsschicht (10) an einer zweiten Seite im Randbereich eine weitere Kontaktelektrode (11) und die erste und zweite Leiterschicht (20, 30) im Randbereich jeweils die Kontaktelektrode (21, 31) aufweisen,
die Kontaktelektroden (11, 12, 21, 31) in Längsrichtung an zumindest einer Seite über die jeweiligen Schichten (10, 20, 30) hinausragen, und
die eine Kontaktelektrode (12) der Widerstandsschicht (10) sich mit der Kontaktelektrode (21) der ersten Leiterschicht (20) in der Projektion deckt, während die Kontaktelektrode (31) der zweiten Leiterschicht (30) zu der einen Kontaktelektrode (12) der Widerstandsschicht (10) bzw. zur Kontaktelektrode (21) der ersten Leiterschicht (20) versetzt angeordnet ist. - Heizelement gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kontaktelektroden (11, 12, 21, 31) in horizontaler und/oder vertikaler Richtung im wesentlichen parallel zueinander angeordnet sind.
- Heizelement gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß auf der den übrigen Schichten abgewandten Seite der zweiten Leiterschicht (30) und der Widerstandsschicht (10) jeweils eine weitere Isolierschicht (60, 70) angebracht ist.
- Heizelement gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die über die Leiterschichten (20, 30) bzw. die Widerstandsschicht (10) hinausragenden Enden der Kontaktelektroden (11, 12, 21, 31) jeweils von den diese umgebenden Isolierschichten (40, 50, 60, 70) bedeckt sind.
- Heizelement gemäß einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Widerstandsschicht (10) als Widerstandsmasse Ruß oder ein elektrisch leitendes Polymer umfaßt.
- Heizelement gemäß einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Widerstandsschicht (10), die erste und die zweite Leiterschicht (20, 30) aus dem gleichen Material bestehen.
- Heizelement gemäß einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zumindest eine der Isolierschichten als Trägerschicht für die jeweils angrenzende(n) Leiterschicht(en) dient.
- Heizelement gemäß einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in der Widerstandsschicht (10) und in der ersten und zweiten Leiterschicht (20, 30) Öffnungen (14, 24, 34) in der Fläche vorgesehen sind, wobei sich diese Öffnungen (14, 24, 34) in der Projektion aufeinander decken.
- Heizelement gemäß einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Widerstandsschicht (10) sowie die zwei Leiterschichten (20, 30) jeweils in Teilbereichen (23, 33) ein leitfähiges Material aufweisen, wobei die Widerstandsschicht (10) mindestens zwei Kontaktelektrodenpaare (11, 12, 11', 12') und die erste und zweite Leiterschicht (20, 30) jeweils mindestens ein jeweils einem Kontaktelektrodenpaar der Widerstandsschicht (10) zugeordnetes Kontaktelektrodenpaar (21, 21', 31, 31') aufweisen, die sich in Längsrichtung in der jeweiligen Schicht (10, 20, 30) erstrecken und an mindestens einem Ende über die mit leitfähigem Material bzw. mit Widerstandsmasse versehenen Teilbereiche (13, 22, 32) hinausragen.
- Heizelement gemäß Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich die Kontaktelektrodenpaare (11, 11', 12, 12', 21, 21', 31, 31') über die gesamte Länge des Heizelementes (1) erstrecken.
- Heizelement gemäß einem der Ansprüche 10 und 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich die mit Widerstandsmasse bzw. leitfähigem Material versehenen Teilbereiche (13, 23, 33) über die gesamte Breite des Heizelementes (1) erstrecken.
- Heizelement gemäß einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zwischen den Teilbereichen (13, 23, 33) der jeweiligen Schicht (10, 20, 30) liegenden, streifenförmigen Abstände frei von Widerstandsmasse bzw. leitfähigem Material sind.
- Heizelement gemäß einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich die Teilbereiche (13, 23, 33) der einzelnen Schichten (10, 20, 30) in Projektion aufeinander decken.
- Heizelement gemäß einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schichtdicke aussenliegender Isolierschichten 50-200 µm und diejenige innenliegender Isolierschichten 10-100 µm beträgt.
- Heizelement gemäß einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schichtdicke der leitenden Schichten 10-3000 µm beträgt, wobei die Schichtdicke der ersten Leiterschicht (20) vorzugsweise 10-50 µm und diejenige der zweiten Leiterschicht (30) vorzugsweise 50-100 µm beträgt.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19836148 | 1998-08-10 | ||
DE19836148A DE19836148A1 (de) | 1998-08-10 | 1998-08-10 | Widerstandsflächenheizelement |
PCT/EP1999/005842 WO2000010365A1 (de) | 1998-08-10 | 1999-08-10 | Widerstandsflächen-heizelement |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1106033A1 EP1106033A1 (de) | 2001-06-13 |
EP1106033B1 true EP1106033B1 (de) | 2003-02-12 |
Family
ID=7877057
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99941575A Expired - Lifetime EP1106033B1 (de) | 1998-08-10 | 1999-08-10 | Widerstandsflächen-heizelement |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6426489B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1106033B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE232676T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU747734B2 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2340164A1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE19836148A1 (de) |
EA (1) | EA002670B1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2193740T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2000010365A1 (de) |
ZA (1) | ZA200100940B (de) |
Families Citing this family (28)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1113123A1 (de) | 1999-12-29 | 2001-07-04 | Manfred Elsässer | Schallschutz-Verbundsystem für Raumbegrenzungsflächen |
US8258443B2 (en) * | 2005-02-17 | 2012-09-04 | 417 And 7/8, Llc | Heating unit for warming pallets |
US9392646B2 (en) | 2005-02-17 | 2016-07-12 | 417 And 7/8, Llc | Pallet warmer heating unit |
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-
1998
- 1998-08-10 DE DE19836148A patent/DE19836148A1/de not_active Ceased
-
1999
- 1999-08-10 ES ES99941575T patent/ES2193740T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-08-10 DE DE59904286T patent/DE59904286D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-08-10 EP EP99941575A patent/EP1106033B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-08-10 CA CA002340164A patent/CA2340164A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-08-10 AU AU55139/99A patent/AU747734B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-08-10 EA EA200100232A patent/EA002670B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-08-10 WO PCT/EP1999/005842 patent/WO2000010365A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1999-08-10 AT AT99941575T patent/ATE232676T1/de active
- 1999-10-08 US US09/744,564 patent/US6426489B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-02-02 ZA ZA200100940A patent/ZA200100940B/en unknown
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AU5513999A (en) | 2000-03-06 |
WO2000010365A1 (de) | 2000-02-24 |
DE59904286D1 (de) | 2003-03-20 |
AU747734B2 (en) | 2002-05-23 |
EP1106033A1 (de) | 2001-06-13 |
ES2193740T3 (es) | 2003-11-01 |
CA2340164A1 (en) | 2000-02-24 |
EA200100232A1 (ru) | 2001-08-27 |
EA002670B1 (ru) | 2002-08-29 |
US6426489B1 (en) | 2002-07-30 |
DE19836148A1 (de) | 2000-03-02 |
ATE232676T1 (de) | 2003-02-15 |
ZA200100940B (en) | 2002-02-04 |
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