EP1102726B1 - Verfahren zur verflüssigung von mikroorganismen aus biologischer abwasserbehandlung - Google Patents

Verfahren zur verflüssigung von mikroorganismen aus biologischer abwasserbehandlung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1102726B1
EP1102726B1 EP19990936203 EP99936203A EP1102726B1 EP 1102726 B1 EP1102726 B1 EP 1102726B1 EP 19990936203 EP19990936203 EP 19990936203 EP 99936203 A EP99936203 A EP 99936203A EP 1102726 B1 EP1102726 B1 EP 1102726B1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sludge
microorganisms
nozzle
slurry
activated sludge
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP19990936203
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1102726A1 (de
Inventor
Robert J. Stephenson
Harpreet Dhaliwal
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Paradigm Environmental Technologies Inc
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Paradigm Environmental Technologies Inc
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/12—Activated sludge processes
    • C02F3/1278—Provisions for mixing or aeration of the mixed liquor
    • C02F3/1294—"Venturi" aeration means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/06—Sludge reduction, e.g. by lysis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/26—Reducing the size of particles, liquid droplets or bubbles, e.g. by crushing, grinding, spraying, creation of microbubbles or nanobubbles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Definitions

  • This application relates to a process for liquefying biosolids, such as waste activated sludge, generated by municipal or industrial wastewater treatment plants.
  • wastewater and sewage is purified in aerobic treatment processes. Bacteria and other microorganisms which occur naturally within sewage are cultured to consume organic wastes in aeration tanks. In these tanks the microbes multiply and digest the organic matter present in the wastewater. This process yields treated water, carbon dioxide, and a biomass of microbes which settles as a sludge in a clarifier connected to the aeration tanks. Some of the biomass is recycled to the tanks to reseed the system. The excess biomass, which is referred to as "waste activated sludge", is typically destroyed or otherwise disposed of. Costs associated with dewatering and disposing waste activated sludge can be substantial. Similar sludge management problems arise with other types of aerobic biological wastewater treatment systems, such as sequencing batch reactors and rotating biological contactors.
  • the inventors have devised a cost-effective means of liquefying waste activated sludge or the like by lyzing microorganisms present in the sludge using a very high pressure homogenizer nozzle.
  • Homogenizers are in common use in many industrial applications. Chemical, pharmaceutical, dairy, specialty food and biotechnological facilities all use homogenizers to emulsify, disperse, mix and process their products.
  • Homogenizers have recently been designed for high pressure operation. Such homogenizers employ high pressure pumps which force fluid through a valve or nozzle having a restricted flow area. As the fluid moves through the restriction, the velocity increases and the pressure decreases according to Bernoulli's law. Intense hydrodynamic changes occur in the fluid as high-pressure potential energy is converted to low-pressure kinetic energy.
  • homogenizers have been used for cell disruption for many years. Passing a water slurry of microorganisms through a homogenizer disrupts the cell walls, allowing the contents to be released. In this way, the proteins and enzymes produced by the microorganisms can be harvested.
  • homogenization technology has not been applied on an industrial scale to the problem of waste activated sludge management.
  • a method of liquefying microorganisms present in biosolids produced by a biological wastewater treatment facility such as waste activated sludge.
  • the method includes the step of passing a slurry of the microorganisms at a high pressure through a nozzle having a restricted flow area to cause liquefication of the microorganisms as they are discharged from the nozzle.
  • the pressure drop across the nozzle exceeds 12,000 psi (83,000,000 Pa)
  • At least part of the liquefied microorganisms may be recirculated to the treatment facility to feed nutrients back to the biological wastewater treatment process.
  • the liquefied microor ganisms may be anacrobically converted to methane and carbon dioxide.
  • the slurry is subjected to pre-treatment to weaken the cell walls of microorganisms present in the slurry prior to being pumped through the high pressure nozzle.
  • the pH of the slurry may be altered, such as by treatment with sodium hydroxide, acid or other chemicals.
  • the slurry may be macerated in a chopper to reduce the particle size of the solid fraction.
  • An activated sludge wastewater treatment system is a type of secondary biological treatment process used to clean wastewater before it is discharged into a receiving stream.
  • the equipment used to carry out this process typically includes an aeration tank or basin where the raw wastewater is treated with microorganisms in the presence of dissolved oxygen.
  • the treatment microorganisms reduce contaminants present in the wastewater and reduce the biological oxygen demand.
  • the second component of the system is typically a clarifier where solid sludge containing the microorganisms settles.
  • Microorganisms in sludge vary widely. Aerobic and facultative anaerobic organisms predominate. Protozoa and bacteria make up most of the biomass, though small nematodes, insect larvae, yeasts, fungi and even algae are found in the sludge.
  • Several bacterial species associated with activated sludge include Acinetobacter, Alcaligenes, Brevibacterium, Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas and Zooglea.
  • Settled sludge is removed from the clarifier on a regular basis. Some of the sludge is pumped back to the aeration tank to seed the growing system. This is sometimes referred to as return activated sludge or RAS. The excess sludge is removed from the system for further processing or disposal. This is called waste activated sludge or WAS.
  • WAS waste activated sludge
  • the waste activated sludge may be dewatered and disposed of by incineration or it may be stored in a landfill.
  • the clarified effluent which now has a low solids content, is discharged into an outlet stream or storage container.
  • This application relates to a process for treating waste activated sludge (and/or return activated sludge).
  • the waste activated sludge is first conditioned by an acid or base in a tank reactor 10 to alter its pH.
  • the sludge may be treated with sodium hydroxide or some other alkaline reagent to help solubilize lipids present in the sludge, thereby making the microbial cells more prone to lysis.
  • the pH may be increased to about 11 for this purpose.
  • the sludge is the preferably delivered to a chopper pump 12 for maceration of solids present in the sludge. Reduction of the particle size of the solids helps prevent clogging of the high pressure nozzle 16 used in a subsequent step of the process as described below.
  • a slurry of the sludge is next delivered to a high pressure pump 14 which forces the slurry through a homogenizer nozzle 16 at very high pressures. Pressures within the range of about 12,000 - 20,000 psi (83,000,00 - 138,000,000 Pa) have been found to be optimum.
  • the slurry is subjected to a substantial pressure drop as it emerges through nozzle 16 from the high pressure environment to atmospheric pressure, which causes lysis and liquefication of the cellular material present in the sludge.
  • the liquefied waste activated sludge is readily biodegradable.
  • a portion of the liquefied sludge is preferably returned to the aeration tank to recycle nitrogen and phosphorous.
  • the liquefied sludge is therefore ultimately converted to carbon dioxide or is used as a nutrient substrate for the microbes reproducing in the aeration tank.
  • some of the liquefied sludge may be pumped to an anaerobic treatment plant where it is converted to methane and carbon dioxide.
  • the methane and carbon dioxide gas generated by anaerobic digestion may be recycled back to the aeration tank to neutralize the sludge prior to liquefaction.
  • the applicant's process has been shown to be suitable for treatment of effluent derived waste activated sludge from pulp and paper mills. Approximately 20% of the ongoing cost of treating pulp mill effluent in an activated sludge process is attributable to supplying oxygen to the aeration tank and approximately 80% of the ongoing costs are attributable to supplying other materials, principally nitrogen, phosphorous and polymer, and for waste activated sludge disposal. As explained above, the applicant's process returns a portion of the liquefied waste activated sludge to the aeration tank to recycle nitrogen and phosphorous and largely avoids the costs associated with dewatering, polymer addition and waste disposal. This reduces the second category of costs significantly (from 80% to about 10% of the total amount).
  • Waste activated sludge derived from a pulp mill was treated in a conventional anaerobic treatment facility which resulted in a 30% reduction in volatile solids over a period of 30 days.
  • the same shidge was treated in accordance with the invention with sodium hydroxide to pH 11 and then pumped through a homogenizer nozzle at a pressure of 12,000 psi (83,000,000 Pa).
  • Treatment in accordance with the invention resulted in 72% liquefaction as measured by the reduction in total suspended solids concentration and 69% total volatile solids redaction over a period of 5 days.
  • Example 1 The sludge of Example 1 was treated in accordance with the invention with sodium hydroxide to pH 11 and then pumped through a homogenizer nozzle at a pressure of 18,000 psi (124,000,000 Pa). Such treatment resulted in 76% liquefaction as measured by the reduction in total suspended solids concentration and 72% total volatile solids reduction over a period of 5 days.
  • Examples 1 and 2 indicate that the Applicant's process achieves a significantly improved reduction in volatile solids in a much shorter time period than conventional systems (i.e. over twice as many volatile solids were removed from the slurry in one sixth, the time). This amounts to a greater than ten fold improvement in performance. Accordingly, in comparison to existing waste activation sludge treatment systems, the Applicant's process can operate at a much higher capacity with lower capital and operating costs.
  • the present invention could also be used for killing microbes present in water. Although the concentration of microbes present in water would be significantly lower than in biosolids, the same process steps could be used lyze the microorganisms which are present (apart from maceration which is only useful for solid material).

Claims (11)

  1. Ein Verfahren zur Verflüssigung von Mikroorganismen, welche in einer Aufschlämmung von belebtem Abfallschlamm anwesend sind, welcher durch eine Einrichtung biologischer Abwasserbehandlung produziert wird, wobei der gesagte Schlamm flüchtige Feststoffe umfasst, wobei das gesagte Verfahren durch die folgenden Schritte gekennzeichnet ist:
    (a) das chemische Behandeln der gesagten Mikroorganismen, welche in der gesagten Aufschlämmung vorliegen, um ihre Zellenwände zu schwächen; und
    (b) das Durchleiten der gesagten Aufschlämmung durch eine Düse, welche eine begrenzte Durchströmungsfläche mit einem Druck aufweist, der 12000 psi (83000000 Pa) überschreitet, um die Verflüssigung der gesagten Mikroorganismen zu verursachen, wenn sie aus der gesagten Düse ausgegeben werden,
    wobei das gesagte Verfahren die biologische Abbaurate der gesagten flüchtigen Feststoffe um wenigstens 200 Prozent vergrößert, verglichen mit unbehandeltem Schlamm.
  2. Das Verfahren aus Anspruch 1, weiterhin umfassend das Digerieren der gesagten Aufschlämmung unter anaeroben Bedingungen.
  3. Das Verfahren aus Anspruch 1, weiterhin umfassend das Digerieren der gesagten Aufschlämmung unter aeroben Bedingungen.
  4. Das Verfahren aus Anspruch 1, wobei die biologische Abbaurate der gesagten flüchtigen Feststoffe um wenigstens 300 Prozent vergrößert wird, verglichen mit unbehandeltem Schlamm.
  5. Das Verfahren aus Anspruch 1, weiterhin umfassend den Schritt des Wiederzuführens von wenigstens einem Teil der verflüssigten Mikroorganismen zu der gesagten Behandlungseinrichtung.
  6. Das Verfahren aus Anspruch 1, weiterhin umfassend den Schritt des anaeroben Umwandelns der verflüssigten Mikroorganismen zu Methan und Kohlendioxid.
  7. Das Verfahren aus Anspruch 1, wobei der Schritt des chemischen Behandelns das Ändern des pH-Wertes der gesagten Aufschlämmung umfasst, welche die gesagten Mikroorganismen beinhaltet.
  8. Das Verfahren aus Anspruch 7, wobei der gesagte pH-Wert auf näherungsweise pH 11 vergrößert wird.
  9. Das Verfahren aus Anspruch 7, wobei der gesagte pH-Wert auf näherungsweise pH 2 abgesenkt wird.
  10. Das Verfahren aus Anspruch 1, weiterhin umfassend den Schritt des Aufweichens der gesagten Aufschlämmung, bevor sie durch die gesagte Düse geführt wird.
  11. Ein Verfahren des Behandelns von belebtem Abwasserschlamm, umfassend die folgenden Schritte:
    (a) das Beziehen einer Lieferung von belebtem Abwasserschlamm aus einer Abwasserbehandlungseinrichtung;
    (b) das Verändern des pH-Wertes des gesagten Schlammes, um die Zellenwände der Mikroorganismen, welche in dem gesagten Schlamm vorhanden sind, zu schwächen; und
    (c) das Durchleiten einer flüssigen Aufschlämmung des gesagten Schlammes mit einem hohen Druck durch eine Düse, die eine begrenzte Durchströmfläche aufweist,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Druckverlust über der gesagten Düse 12000 psi (83000000 Pa) überschreitet, um die Verflüssigung der gesagten Mikroorganismen zu verursachen, wenn sie aus der gesagten Düse ausgegeben werden.
EP19990936203 1998-08-05 1999-08-05 Verfahren zur verflüssigung von mikroorganismen aus biologischer abwasserbehandlung Expired - Lifetime EP1102726B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US129422 1993-09-29
US09/129,422 US6013183A (en) 1998-08-05 1998-08-05 Method of liquefying microorganisms derived from biological wastewater treatment processes
PCT/CA1999/000707 WO2000007946A1 (en) 1998-08-05 1999-08-05 Method of liquefying microorganisms derived from biological wastewater treatment processes

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1102726A1 EP1102726A1 (de) 2001-05-30
EP1102726B1 true EP1102726B1 (de) 2002-11-27

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US (1) US6013183A (de)
EP (1) EP1102726B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2002522211A (de)
KR (1) KR100415171B1 (de)
CN (1) CN1191999C (de)
AT (1) ATE228484T1 (de)
AU (1) AU749535C (de)
BR (1) BR9912758A (de)
CA (1) CA2338192C (de)
DE (1) DE69904198T2 (de)
DK (1) DK1102726T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2188204T3 (de)
HK (1) HK1038224A1 (de)
MX (1) MXPA01001257A (de)
PT (1) PT1102726E (de)
WO (1) WO2000007946A1 (de)

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CA2338192A1 (en) 2000-02-17
DE69904198D1 (de) 2003-01-09
AU5143499A (en) 2000-02-28
DK1102726T3 (da) 2003-03-17
HK1038224A1 (en) 2002-03-08
AU749535C (en) 2003-02-27
KR100415171B1 (ko) 2004-01-16
JP2002522211A (ja) 2002-07-23
EP1102726A1 (de) 2001-05-30
ATE228484T1 (de) 2002-12-15
BR9912758A (pt) 2001-05-15
CA2338192C (en) 2004-05-18
ES2188204T3 (es) 2003-06-16
CN1191999C (zh) 2005-03-09
DE69904198T2 (de) 2003-11-20
KR20010072106A (ko) 2001-07-31
AU749535B2 (en) 2002-06-27
WO2000007946A1 (en) 2000-02-17
CN1312777A (zh) 2001-09-12
PT1102726E (pt) 2003-03-31
US6013183A (en) 2000-01-11
MXPA01001257A (es) 2003-07-14

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