Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A41—WEARING APPAREL
  • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
  • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
  • A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
  • A41D31/08—Heat resistant; Fire retardant
  • A41D31/085—Heat resistant; Fire retardant using layered materials
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A41—WEARING APPAREL
  • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
  • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
  • A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
  • A41D31/10—Impermeable to liquids, e.g. waterproof; Liquid-repellent
  • A41D31/102—Waterproof and breathable
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A41—WEARING APPAREL
  • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
  • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
  • A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
  • A41D31/12—Hygroscopic; Water retaining
  • A41D31/125—Moisture handling or wicking function through layered materials
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10S428/92—Fire or heat protection feature
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
  • Y10T428/24479—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness
  • Y10T428/24562—Interlaminar spaces

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a textile complex for the production of thermal protection clothing.
• the complex in question aims to provide thermal protection against heat and flame, by being used for the production of clothing for firefighters but also, more generally, in other areas of activity where there is a risk of burns due to heat or flame.
• the firefighters used in France a leather jacket equipped with an interior lining of comfort in cotton or wool. Such a jacket does not have appropriate internal thermal protection.
• the jackets used by firefighters are textile-based, either without a sealing barrier, which reduces thermal protection, or with a non-vapor permeable sealing barrier d water, which prevents evaporation of perspiration and increases the problem of heat stress.
• Heat stress is a physiological phenomenon resulting from the rise in the internal temperature of the body, occurring under the effect of external factors such as a hot atmosphere, or under the effect of a significant and prolonged effort. Heat stress results in a rise in the internal temperature of the body which no longer manages to thermoregulate, which can lead to discomfort, even fainting or a heart attack.
• a jacket must meet a certain number of criteria, in particular protection against radiant heat, protection against convective heat, have good thermal stability of the constituent materials, meet criteria of pure flammability, and have good waterproofing.
• a jacket must allow an operator to protect it in extreme accidental conditions, in particular by providing him with a flight time. This is particularly how to protect a firefighter from a phenomenon of "flash-over". Flash-over is a very rapid transition stage in the development of an urban fire, which occurs when the gases and vapors present in a room reach a temperature of 500 to 600 ° C and suddenly ignite. In a fraction of a second, the temperature rises from 500 to 1000 ° C, corresponding to an incident heat flux of the order of 40 kW / m. An operator should be allowed to resist this sudden increase in temperature long enough to be able to move away from the fire.
• Such a textile complex comprises an outer protective fabric made of a non-flammable material, for example based on aramid, meta-aramid or polyamide imide fiber.
• This fabric incorporates thermal protection qualities, provides mechanical performance of resistance to abrasion and tears, and has undergone a water repellent treatment to make it water and water repellent in general.
• Behind this protective fabric is a waterproof and breathable membrane, generally fixed on a textile surface ensuring its mechanical resistance, allowing to pass the water vapor resulting for example from the perspiration of a user, but not the water under its liquid form.
• this membrane provides a windproof effect, which contributes to the thermal insulation of the jacket by slowing down the penetration of heat flows.
• thermal insulator constituted by a three-dimensional knitted mesh, as described in the document EP 0443991, or by a felt capable of trapping air, as described in the document EP 0 364 370.
• This thermal insulator is generally sewn on a lining.
• Such a jacket has the advantage of ensuring excellent thermal protection under an extremely high heat flux of 40 kW / m 2 , of very high efficiency, or even too high because, by its high insulating power, it does not allow the user to be sensitive to heat to heat fluxes of 0 to 1 kW / m 2 'corresponding to the usual working conditions of the fire brigade, and to detect a possible danger.
• the overprotected operator, under these conditions, may have to take risks that are not measured due to a deterioration in the perception of the heat flow.
• Such a jacket is also uncomfortable insofar as it is thick and heavy, and where it is charged with water, in particular at the level of the thermal insulating material, which can result, in the event of a sudden rise in temperature, by a vaporization of this water which can burn the operator.
• FIGS 1 and 2 represent two graphs which illustrate the behavior of different complexes intended to produce clothing for firefighters, taking into account the European standard EN 469.
• FIG. 1 illustrates the evolution of the heat transmission factor TF% which is the ratio of the heat flow which has passed through the product over the incident heat flow Q 0 .
• Incident heat flow is the heat flow generated by a thermal source to which the sample is exposed.
• FIG. 2 illustrates the evolution of the alert time T. 12 as a function of the incident heat flow Q 0 .
• the alert time is the time after which the user painfully feels the heat. We are trying to obtain a T.12 of around 15 seconds for an incident flux of 40 kW / m.
• the products used are the following:
• Fabric fabric reference 4781 from the company DMC Tissus Techniques, Twill 2/1, 195 g / m 2 , in Nomex Delta TA from Dupont de Nemours, blend of 75% meta aramid fibers, 23% para aramid fibers and 2% anti-static fibers.
• Membrane Reference 89/55 from the company Proline, waterproof and breathable microporous membrane in flame retardant Polyurethane of about 40 g / m 2 , laminated on an Sontara Nomex SL Type E-89 nonwoven, mixture of meta and para aramid of about 90 g / m 2 .
• Mesh three-dimensional mesh reference AR220 from the company TTI, 220 g / m 2 , in Nomex T450, 100% meta aramid.
• Felt needle felt from DUFLOT, 120 g / m 2 , Nomex, 100% aramid.
• the object of the invention is to provide a textile complex for making clothing, which is light and comfortable, which, under usual operating conditions (flux from 0 to 1 kW / m 2 approximately), transmits heat relatively well (which corresponds to a high TF%) and quickly alerts the operator of the presence of a danger (which corresponds to a low T. 12 ), and which, under critical conditions, such as a resulting heat flux a flash-over phenomenon (flow of around 40 kW / m), ensures for a sufficient period of time and in compliance with standards, a high insulation rate (i.e. a low TF%), in order to assure the operator a reasonable leak time.
• this complex must allow rapid drying when wet.
• the textile complex that it concerns of the type comprising at least one fabric or textile tablecloth, made of a non-flammable material, intended to form the external face of the complex and a lining of comfort and cleanliness intended to form the inner face of the complex, is characterized in that on the inner face of the fabric and / or on the outer face of the lining are arranged beads of textile material having substantially the same orientation, fixed by binding on the fabric and / or on the lining during its manufacture, to form an integral part thereof, and delimiting between the fabric and the lining of the air-filled channels.
• the beads define with the lining, on the one hand, and the wall of the complex opposite the lining, on the other hand, channels which are filled with air.
• the beads are made of a material which is not very compressible under the effect of an increase in heat. This maintains a sufficient volume of insulating air to provide protection, including under the effect of large heat flows (around 40 kW / m 2 for example).
• each bead is made from thermostable fibers, such as para-aramid.
• each bead is constituted by a bundle of wires assembled to each other, for example two twists of Nm 8/2 twisted together.
• Such a structure is less compressible than an equivalent title yarn composed of one end.
• each bead is fixed to the lining by binding with the threads of this lining, during the manufacture of the latter.
• the thickness of each bead is greater than 0.3 mm, and preferably between 1 and 10 mm, and the spacing of the beads is greater at 2 mm, and preferably between 2 and 15 mm.
• the beads and the channels which they delimit have a general longitudinal orientation clothing, especially vertical in the case of a jacket, promoting air circulation by a natural phenomenon of convection.
• Figure 1 represents a series of curves showing the evolution of the heat transmission factor TF% as a function of the incident heat flow ⁇ 0 ;
• Figure 2 represents a series of curves showing the evolution of the warning time T12 as a function of the incident heat flow ⁇ 0 ;
• Figure 3 is an exploded perspective view of the various constituent layers of the complex
• Figure 4 is a sectional view of this complex, transversely to the beads which comprises it;
• Figure 5 is a partially cutaway perspective view of a jacket part made from the complex of Figures 1 and 2.
• the complex shown in the drawing comprises an outer protective fabric 2 made of a non-flammable material, consisting of a fabric reference 4781 from the company DMC Tissus Techniques, Twill 2/1, 195 g / m 2 , in Nomex Delta TA from Dupont de Nemours, blend of 75% meta aramid fibers, 23% para aramid fibers and 2% antistatic fibers.
• a waterproof and breathable membrane consisting of the reference 89/55 from the company Proline, microporous waterproof and breathable membrane in flame retardant polyurethane of about 40 g / m 2 , laminated on a non woven Sontara Nomex SL Type E-89, mixture of meta and para aramid of approximately 90 g / m 2 .
• the complex finally comprises a lining 4 consisting for example of a fabric reference 4948 from the company DMC Tissus Techniques, Canvas 120 g / m 2 , in Nomexp / Viscose FR, mixture of 50% meta aramid fibers and 50% viscose fibers Flame retardant in the mass.
• a series of continuous parallel beads 5 representing a surface mass of 70/80 g / m 2 , constituted in the present case of yarn of fibers made of 100% para aramid Nm 8/2/2 (twist of 2 ends of Nm 8/2).
• the lining is constituted by a fabric, the connection of the beads with the fabric is obtained during weaving, by a particular evolution of certain bottom threads of said fabric.
• each bead is of the order of 1 mm, and the spacing of the beads is of the order of 10 mm.
• FIG. 5 represents a jacket 6 produced from the textile complex which has just been defined, and in which the beads 5 are oriented vertically.
• FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate the behavior of a complex I according to the invention.
• This complex has the advantage, compared to certain existing complexes, of being lighter and more flexible, the beads 5 advantageously replacing a felt intended to trap air. These beads are lighter and more flexible than such a felt or a three-dimensional knitted fabric.
• the pumping and water storage capacities of the insulating complex of the invention are practically reduced to those of the lining used as support for the beads, which in its form of embodiment as described above represents 2.5 times its dry weight.
• that of complex F using a felt, which acts like a sponge is 10 times its dry weight.
• the lining serving as support for the complex of the invention is transformed into an exchange surface for the sweating water (which it absorbs) with the air circulating in the channels formed. by these so-called beads, accelerating evaporation and allowing the body to thermoregulate much faster. The appearance of thermal stress is thus delayed or even eliminated, in particular under the usual working conditions 0-1 kW / m 2 .
• This low water absorption capacity of the complex according to the invention also has the advantage of limiting the risk of burning by vaporization of the water trapped in the jacket in the event of exposure to a brutal flow of heat.
• the volume of air maintained in the channels ensures satisfactory thermal insulation by limiting rapid heat transmission under critical conditions (flow of the order of 40 kW / m 2 ).
• the structure of this complex also ensures good sensitivity to heat under normal conditions of use, and therefore a low alert time T. 12 , due to its low areal mass, as shown in Figure 2.
• This time alert under normal conditions approaches that of leather + lining complexes, recognized as being more reassuring than that of traditional textile complexes that are too insulating (curves E and F).
• the complex according to the invention provides good comfort at low energy, 0 to 1 kW / m 2 (usual working conditions) comparable to that of the leather + lining complexes recognized as posing few thermal stress problems, which results in a relatively high TF% (good heat transmission).
• TF% good heat transmission
• it has, for high incident heat flows (around 40 kW / m 2 ), a heat transmission factor TF%, low (good insulation), comparable to that of much heavier complexes, less comfortable and retaining much more the water.
• the invention is not limited to the sole embodiment of this textile complex nor to its sole application to the production of a jacket, on the contrary it embraces all variants.
• the lining could be made of a material other than fabric, it could be associated with a membrane or a film, the beads could be discontinuous and / or could be made of another material, such as silicone, or fixed by other means such as by gluing or stitching on the lining, or that the complex could be constituted by two layers not linked together, such as pants and overpants on the face interior of which are arranged beads, without departing from the scope of the invention.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
• Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
• Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
• Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)
• Manufacturing Of Multi-Layer Textile Fabrics (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (3)

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ID=9529058

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (16)

Families Citing this family (28)

Family Cites Families (9)

• 1998
  • 1998-07-23 FR FR9809582A patent/FR2781341B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1999
  • 1999-07-23 PT PT99932966T patent/PT1098575E/pt unknown
  • 1999-07-23 DK DK99932966T patent/DK1098575T4/da active
  • 1999-07-23 AT AT99932966T patent/ATE240057T1/de active
  • 1999-07-23 EP EP99932966A patent/EP1098575B2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1999-07-23 BR BR9912340-1A patent/BR9912340A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1999-07-23 NZ NZ509416A patent/NZ509416A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1999-07-23 TR TR2001/00215T patent/TR200100215T2/xx unknown
  • 1999-07-23 AU AU49165/99A patent/AU747771B2/en not_active Expired
  • 1999-07-23 US US09/744,380 patent/US6481015B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1999-07-23 DE DE69907914T patent/DE69907914T3/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1999-07-23 WO PCT/FR1999/001822 patent/WO2000004798A1/fr active IP Right Grant
  • 1999-07-23 JP JP2000560800A patent/JP2002521576A/ja active Pending
  • 1999-07-23 ES ES99932966T patent/ES2196833T5/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1999-07-23 CA CA002338177A patent/CA2338177C/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 2001
  • 2001-01-19 NO NO20010335A patent/NO20010335L/no not_active Application Discontinuation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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