EP1097749A1 - Cyclone air filter with electrostatic separator - Google Patents

Cyclone air filter with electrostatic separator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1097749A1
EP1097749A1 EP00121829A EP00121829A EP1097749A1 EP 1097749 A1 EP1097749 A1 EP 1097749A1 EP 00121829 A EP00121829 A EP 00121829A EP 00121829 A EP00121829 A EP 00121829A EP 1097749 A1 EP1097749 A1 EP 1097749A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air filter
essentially
air
filter housing
air flow
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP00121829A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Manfred Lauer
Arndt Döhler
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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Publication of EP1097749A1 publication Critical patent/EP1097749A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
    • B03C3/04—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type
    • B03C3/14—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type characterised by the additional use of mechanical effects, e.g. gravity
    • B03C3/15—Centrifugal forces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M27/00—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like
    • F02M27/04—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like by electric means, ionisation, polarisation or magnetism
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M35/02—Air cleaners
    • F02M35/022—Air cleaners acting by gravity, by centrifugal, or by other inertial forces, e.g. with moistened walls

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cyclone-type air filter, in particular an intake air filter for an internal combustion engine, with an electrostatic separator in the form of a high voltage electrode and a precipitation electrode, between which the air flow to be cleaned is passed, this airflow being essentially tangential in one circular cross-section air filter housing initiated and leaves it essentially centrally.
  • a cyclone-type air filter in particular an intake air filter for an internal combustion engine, with an electrostatic separator in the form of a high voltage electrode and a precipitation electrode, between which the air flow to be cleaned is passed, this airflow being essentially tangential in one circular cross-section air filter housing initiated and leaves it essentially centrally.
  • Usual intake air filters for internal combustion engines are designed as paper filters, i.e. the intake air flow of the internal combustion engine is determined by a accordion-folded paper filter strips passed through the forms a not inconsiderable flow resistance and thus on has a negative impact on the overall efficiency of the internal combustion engine.
  • the internal combustion engine is in a particularly dusty environment, i.e. can be operated with very dusty intake air a so-called cyclone separator upstream of this paper filter, in which the intake air flow is guided in a spiral shape to a center and whereby by centrifugal force dust particles outwards and thus be separated from the center.
  • Such a cyclone separator is also in the electrostatic mentioned above Air filter according to DE 30 19 174 A1 included.
  • this known air filter instead of the usual paper filter elements a so-called high-voltage electrode and a so-called precipitation electrode on, between which the air flow to be cleaned is passed becomes.
  • There is a suitably high electrical voltage at the high-voltage electrode Voltage (for example in the order of 16000 volts), so that between the high voltage electrode and the precipitation electrode (grounded) forms a corona in which the dust particles of the passed Air flow are ionized or charged, so that place them on the precipitation electrode.
  • the latter must then occasionally be cleaned in a suitable manner.
  • the solution to this problem is characterized in that one of the two Electrodes as a substantially in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the Air filter housing extending and shaped in cross section as a spiral Baffle is formed that the air flow to be cleaned in the center of the air filter housing.
  • Advantageous training and further education are Content of the subclaims.
  • the air filter housing there is a special guide wall within the air filter housing provided that guides the air flow to be cleaned as desired, i.e. the essentially tangential in the cross-section essentially Circular air filter housing entering airflow is caused by the im Cross section shaped as a spiral guide wall in a spiral shape in the center of the air filter housing, from where this air flow then as usual - in particular by a in the center in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the Air filter housing extending tube - out of the air filter housing is or can be managed. Because of this targeted cyclonic guidance of the air flow to be cleaned can obviously the centrifugal effect to improve the separation of dust particles.
  • said baffle simultaneously forms one of the two electrodes of the electrostatic precipitator, which ensures that the complete air flow through the air filter housing passes the said corona field, which is between the two electrodes and thus between the baffle and the other electrode is exposed.
  • the guide wall which extends essentially in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the air filter housing and which is shaped in cross section (ie in a plane perpendicular to said longitudinal axis) to form a spiral can form sections of a channel through which the air stream to be cleaned is guided.
  • the guide wall only has to spiral as far that a further inner guide wall section together with a further outer guide wall section represent the walls delimiting the said channel.
  • Such an embodiment has the advantage that the air flow guided in this channel is in particularly intensive contact with the guide wall and thus also comes with the (one) electrode of the electrostatic precipitator.
  • the other electrode is preferably arranged centrally in this channel in such a way that, analogously to the guide wall, it extends essentially in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the air filter housing.
  • the guide wall preferably functions as a so-called precipitation electrode, in particular if their area is larger than that of, for example, centrally in the named Channel arranged high voltage electrode, because then on the precipitation electrode has a larger (separated) amount of dust particles can deposit and thus this precipitation electrode less often must be cleaned.
  • the field line density in the corona field can also be found on the surface the high-voltage electrode is punctiform or essentially in Line-shaped elevations running in the direction of flow of the air flow be provided.
  • FIG. 1 showing the cross section (section II from FIG. 2) of an air filter according to the invention and FIG. 2 the central longitudinal section (section II-II from FIG. 1). All features described in more detail can be essential to the invention.
  • the housing of the air filter is designated, which like evidently has a substantially circular cross-section and itself extends perpendicular to this in the direction of a central so-called longitudinal axis 2.
  • Suction funnel 3 Via an opening that is essentially tangential to said cross section Suction funnel 3 is a to be cleaned, i.e. especially dust particles or the like.
  • Air flow to be freed (this is represented by arrows 4 and is hereinafter referred to with the reference number 4) in the air filter housing 1 initiated.
  • a discharge pipe 5 Central in this and essentially in Extending in the direction of the longitudinal axis 2, a discharge pipe 5 is arranged, through which the then cleaned air flow 4 back out of the air filter housing 1 is brought out.
  • the air flow 4 can through openings 6, the wall of the discharge pipe lying inside the housing 1 5 are provided, get into the interior of this discharge pipe 5.
  • This discharge pipe 5 is quasi-enveloping, but at a distance from it, a so-called guide wall 7 is arranged in the housing 1, which extends essentially in the direction of the longitudinal axis 2 and which is shaped in cross section (see FIG. 1) to form a spiral.
  • This guide wall 7 is arranged in such a way that it leads the air flow 4 entering the housing 1 via the suction funnel 3 into the center of the air filter housing 1 and thus towards the discharge pipe 5.
  • the guide wall 7 is so far a spiral wrapped ", ie with respect to the longitudinal axis 2 over an angular segment which significantly exceeds 360 ° (and thus a full circle), spirally formed that this guide wall 7 forms sections of a channel 8, which is delimited on the inside and outside by the guide wall 7, inside this channel 8 or at least within a section of this channel 8, an intermediate plate 9 adapted to the channel shape is arranged centrally between the channel walls or the two sections of the guide wall 7 and also extends in the direction of the longitudinal axis 2.
  • This intermediate plate 9 forms, together with the guide wall 7, an electrostatic separator for the dust particles or the like contained in the air stream 4.
  • a high electrical voltage is applied to the intermediate plate 9 (for example in the order of 30 kV), so that this intermediate plate 9 as High-voltage electrode functions, for which reference number 9 is also used below.
  • the guide wall 7, is electrically connected to ground and thus forms the corresponding counter-electrode, for which the term is hereinafter used Precipitation electrode "and (also) reference number 7 is used.
  • a corona field 10 is formed between the high-voltage electrode 9 and the precipitation electrode 7 due to the applied electrical high voltage in the channel 8, which is illustrated by a gray color.
  • the air stream 4 to be cleaned in the air filter is passed completely through this corona field 10, specifically from the guide wall 7. Dust particles or the like contained in the air stream 4 are ionized in this corona field 10 and are therefore from the precipitation electrode 7 electrically attracted and are therefore deposited on this, ie on the guide wall 7. Larger dust particles, on the other hand, are already separated out of the air stream 4 before it reaches the duct 8.
  • punctiform elevations 14 are again provided on the surface of the high-voltage electrode 9, but this and a large number of further details, in particular of a constructive nature, can be designed quite differently from the exemplary embodiment shown, without departing from the content of the patent claims .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)

Abstract

The air filter has an electrostatic separator with high and low voltage electrodes (9,7). The air flow (4) to be cleaned is passed between the electrodes. The air flow is fed essentially tangentially into the essentially circular cross-section air filter housing and leaves it essentially centrally. One electrode forms a spiral guide wall essentially in the air filter housing axial direction and feeds the air flow into the housing center.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein zyklonartiges Luftfilter, insbesondere Ansaug-Luftfilter für eine Brennkraftmaschine, mit einem elektrostatischen Abscheider in Form einer Hochspannungs-Elektrode und einer Niederschlags-Elektrode, zwischen denen der zu reinigende Luftstrom hindurchgeführt wird, wobei dieser Luftstrom im wesentlichen tangential in das einen im wesentlichen kreisförmigen Querschnitt aufweisende Luftfilter-Gehäuse eingeleitet wird und dieses im wesentlichen zentral verläßt. Ein derartiges Luftfilter ist aus der DE 30 19 174 A1 bekannt.The invention relates to a cyclone-type air filter, in particular an intake air filter for an internal combustion engine, with an electrostatic separator in the form of a high voltage electrode and a precipitation electrode, between which the air flow to be cleaned is passed, this airflow being essentially tangential in one circular cross-section air filter housing initiated and leaves it essentially centrally. Such an air filter is known from DE 30 19 174 A1.

Übliche Ansaugluftfilter für Brennkraftmaschinen sind als Papierfilter ausgebildet, d.h. der Ansaugluftstrom der Brennkraftmaschine wird durch einen ziehharmonikabalgartig gefalteten Papierfilterstreifen hindurchgeführt, der einen nicht unerheblichen Strömungswiderstand bildet und sich somit auf den Gesamtwirkungsgrad der Brennkraftmaschine negativ auswirkt. Insbesondere wenn die Brennkraftmaschine in einer besonders staubigen Umgebung, d.h. mit stark staubhaltiger Ansaugluft betrieben werden soll, kann diesem Papierfilter noch ein sog. Zyklonabscheider vorgeschaltet sein, in welchem der Ansaug-Luftstrom quasi spiralfömig in ein Zentrum geleitet wird und wobei durch Fliehkraftwirkung Staubpartikel nach außen hin und somit vom Zentrum weg abgeschieden werden.Usual intake air filters for internal combustion engines are designed as paper filters, i.e. the intake air flow of the internal combustion engine is determined by a accordion-folded paper filter strips passed through the forms a not inconsiderable flow resistance and thus on has a negative impact on the overall efficiency of the internal combustion engine. In particular if the internal combustion engine is in a particularly dusty environment, i.e. can be operated with very dusty intake air a so-called cyclone separator upstream of this paper filter, in which the intake air flow is guided in a spiral shape to a center and whereby by centrifugal force dust particles outwards and thus be separated from the center.

Ein derartiger Zyklonabscheider ist auch im eingangs genannten elektrostatischen Luftfilter nach der DE 30 19 174 A1 enthalten. Insbesondere jedoch weist dieser bekannte Luftfilter anstelle der üblichen Papierfilterelemente eine sog. Hochspannungs-Elektrode sowie eine sog. Niederschlags-Elektrode auf, zwischen denen der zu reinigende Luftstrom hindurchgeführt wird. An der Hochspannungs-Elektrode liegt eine geeignet hohe elektrische Spannung (bspw. in der Größenordnung von 16000 Volt) an, so daß sich zwischen der Hochspannungs-Elektrode und der (auf Masse gelegten) Niederschlags-Elektrode eine Corona bildet, in der die Staubpartikel des hindurchgeführten Luftstromes ionisiert bzw. aufgeladen werden, so daß sich diese an der Niederschlags-Elektrode absetzen. Letztere muß dann gelegentlich auf geeignete Weise gereinigt werden.Such a cyclone separator is also in the electrostatic mentioned above Air filter according to DE 30 19 174 A1 included. In particular, however this known air filter instead of the usual paper filter elements a so-called high-voltage electrode and a so-called precipitation electrode on, between which the air flow to be cleaned is passed becomes. There is a suitably high electrical voltage at the high-voltage electrode Voltage (for example in the order of 16000 volts), so that between the high voltage electrode and the precipitation electrode (grounded) forms a corona in which the dust particles of the passed Air flow are ionized or charged, so that place them on the precipitation electrode. The latter must then occasionally be cleaned in a suitable manner.

Ein solcher elektrostatischer Abscheider setzt dem hindurchgeführten Luftstrom nahezu keinen Widerstand entgegen und ist somit im Hinblick auf Strömungsverluste erheblich günstiger als die üblichen Papierfilter. Bei dem aus der bereits mehrfach genannten DE 30 19 174 A1 bekannten zyklonartigen Luftfilter mit elektrostatischem Abscheider läßt jedoch der AbscheideWirkungsgrad zu wünschen übrig, d.h. die Staubabscheidung erfolgt nicht so umfassend bzw. ausgeprägt wie bei den üblichen Papierfiltern. Dies mag zum einen daran liegen, daß der zu reinigende Luftstrom nicht in ausreichendem Maße zyklonartig bzw. spiralfömig durch das dort gezeigte Luftfilter-Gehäuse hindurchgeführt wird, zum anderen aber auch daran, daß ein nicht unerheblicher Teil des Luftstromes an dem genannten Corona-Feld vorbei gelangen kann ohne dieses zu durchdringen bzw. zu passieren, so daß ein Teil der im durch das Luftfilter hindurchgeführten Luftstrom enthaltenen Staubpartikel überhaupt nicht ionisiert wird und somit auch nicht abgeschieden werden kann.Such an electrostatic separator sets the air flow passed through almost no resistance and is therefore with regard to Flow losses considerably cheaper than the usual paper filters. In which from the cyclone-like known from DE 30 19 174 A1 already mentioned several times Air filters with electrostatic precipitators, however, reduce the efficiency of the separator left to be desired, i.e. dust is not separated in this way Comprehensive or distinctive as with the usual paper filters. This likes on the one hand because the air flow to be cleaned is not sufficient Cyclonic or spiral dimensions due to the air filter housing shown there is passed through, but also because a not inconsiderable part of the air flow at the mentioned corona field can pass without penetrating or passing it, so that part of the contained in the air flow passed through the air filter Dust particles are not ionized at all and therefore not separated can be.

An einem zyklonartigen Luftfilter nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 Maßnahmen aufzuzeigen, mit Hilfe derer sich ein verbesserter Abscheide-Wirkungsgrad ergibt, ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung. On a cyclone-type air filter according to the preamble of claim 1 Show measures with the help of which an improved separation efficiency is the object of the present invention.

Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine der beiden Elektroden als eine sich im wesentlichen in Richtung der Längsachse des Luftfilter-Gehäuses erstreckende und im Querschnitt als Spirale geformte Leitwand ausgebildet ist, die den zu reinigenden Luftstrom in das Zentrum des Luftfilter-Gehäuses führt. Vorteilhafte Aus- und Weiterbildungen sind Inhalt der Unteransprüche.The solution to this problem is characterized in that one of the two Electrodes as a substantially in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the Air filter housing extending and shaped in cross section as a spiral Baffle is formed that the air flow to be cleaned in the center of the air filter housing. Advantageous training and further education are Content of the subclaims.

Erfindungsgemäß ist innerhalb des Luftfilter-Gehäuses eine spezielle Leitwand vorgesehen, die den zu reinigenden Luftstrom wie gewünscht führt, d.h. der im wesentlichen tangential in das im Querschnitt im wesentlichen kreisförmige Luftfilter-Gehäuse eintretende Luftstrom wird durch die im Querschnitt als Spirale geformte Leitwand gezielt spiralförmig in das Zentrum des Luftfiltergehäuses geführt, von wo dieser Luftstrom dann wie üblich - insbesondere durch ein sich im Zentrum in Richtung der Längsachse des Luftfilter-Gehäuses erstreckendes Rohr - aus dem Luftfilter-Gehäuse heraus geführt wird bzw. werden kann. Aufgrund dieser gezielten zyklonartigen Führung des zu reinigenden Luftstromes kann offensichtlich der Fliehkrafteffekt zur Abscheidung von Staubpartikeln verbessert wirken.According to the invention there is a special guide wall within the air filter housing provided that guides the air flow to be cleaned as desired, i.e. the essentially tangential in the cross-section essentially Circular air filter housing entering airflow is caused by the im Cross section shaped as a spiral guide wall in a spiral shape in the center of the air filter housing, from where this air flow then as usual - in particular by a in the center in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the Air filter housing extending tube - out of the air filter housing is or can be managed. Because of this targeted cyclonic guidance of the air flow to be cleaned can obviously the centrifugal effect to improve the separation of dust particles.

Im Sinne einer besonders vorteilhaften Funktionsvereinigung bildet diese genannte Leitwand gleichzeitig eine der beiden Elektroden des elektrostatischen Abscheiders, wodurch sichergestellt ist, daß der vollständige durch das Luftfilter-Gehäuse geführte Luftstrom dem besagten Corona-Feld, welches zwischen den beiden Elektroden und somit zwischen der Leitwand und der anderen Elektrode vorliegt, ausgesetzt ist.
Bevorzugt kann die sich im wesentlichen in Richtung der Längsachse des Luftfilter-Gehäuses erstreckende und im Querschnitt (d.h. in einer Ebene senkrecht zur besagten Längsachse) zu einer Spirale geformte Leitwand abschnittsweise einen Kanal bilden, durch den hindurch der zu reinigende Luftstrom geführt wird. Hierfür muß die Leitwand lediglich so weit zu einer Spirale

Figure 00040001
aufgewickelt" sein, daß ein weiter innen liegender Leitwand-Abschnitt zusammen mit einem weiter außen liegenden Leitwand-Abschnitt die den besagten Kanal begrenzenden Wände darstellen. Eine derartige Ausbildung hat den Vorteil, daß der in diesem Kanal geführte Luftstrom in besonders intensiven Kontakt mit der Leitwand und somit auch mit der (einen) Elektrode des elektrostatischen Abscheiders kommt. Bevorzugt ist bei einer derartigen Ausbildung die andere Elektrode zentral in diesem Kanal derart angeordnet, daß sie sich analog zur Leitwand im wesentlichen in Richtung der Längsachse des Luftfilter-Gehäuses erstreckt.In the sense of a particularly advantageous combination of functions, said baffle simultaneously forms one of the two electrodes of the electrostatic precipitator, which ensures that the complete air flow through the air filter housing passes the said corona field, which is between the two electrodes and thus between the baffle and the other electrode is exposed.
Preferably, the guide wall which extends essentially in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the air filter housing and which is shaped in cross section (ie in a plane perpendicular to said longitudinal axis) to form a spiral can form sections of a channel through which the air stream to be cleaned is guided. For this, the guide wall only has to spiral as far
Figure 00040001
that a further inner guide wall section together with a further outer guide wall section represent the walls delimiting the said channel. Such an embodiment has the advantage that the air flow guided in this channel is in particularly intensive contact with the guide wall and thus also comes with the (one) electrode of the electrostatic precipitator. With such a configuration, the other electrode is preferably arranged centrally in this channel in such a way that, analogously to the guide wall, it extends essentially in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the air filter housing.

Bevorzugt fungiert die Leitwand als sog. Niederschlags-Elektrode, insbesondere wenn deren Fläche größer ist als diejenige der bspw. zentral im genannten Kanal angeordneten Hochspannungs-Elektrode, da sich dann auf der Niederschlags-Elektrode eine größere (abgeschiedene) Staubpartikelmenge absetzen kann und somit diese Niederschlags-Elektrode seltener gereinigt werden muß. Zur Verstärkung des Corona-Feldes zur (lokalen) Erhöhung der Feldliniendichte im Corona-Feld können ferner auf der Oberfläche der Hochspannungs-Elektrode punktförmige oder im wesentlichen in Strömungsrichtung des Luftstromes verlaufende linienförmige Erhebungen vorgesehen sein.The guide wall preferably functions as a so-called precipitation electrode, in particular if their area is larger than that of, for example, centrally in the named Channel arranged high voltage electrode, because then on the precipitation electrode has a larger (separated) amount of dust particles can deposit and thus this precipitation electrode less often must be cleaned. To strengthen the corona field for (local) elevation The field line density in the corona field can also be found on the surface the high-voltage electrode is punctiform or essentially in Line-shaped elevations running in the direction of flow of the air flow be provided.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispieles weiter erläutert, wobei die beigefügte Figur 1 den Querschnitt (Schnitt I-I aus Fig.2) eines erfindungsgemäßen Luftfilters und Figur 2 den zentralen Längsschnitt (Schnitt II-II aus Fig.1) zeigt. Erfindungswesentlich können dabei sämtliche näher beschriebenen Merkmale sein.In the following the invention is further explained with the aid of a preferred embodiment, the attached FIG. 1 showing the cross section (section II from FIG. 2) of an air filter according to the invention and FIG. 2 the central longitudinal section (section II-II from FIG. 1). All features described in more detail can be essential to the invention.

Mit der Bezugsziffer 1 ist das Gehäuse des Luftfilters bezeichnet, das wie ersichtlich einen im wesentlichen kreisförmigen Querschnitt besitzt und sich senkrecht hierzu in Richtung einer zentralen sog. Längsachse 2 erstreckt. With the reference numeral 1, the housing of the air filter is designated, which like evidently has a substantially circular cross-section and itself extends perpendicular to this in the direction of a central so-called longitudinal axis 2.

Über einen im wesentlichen tangential zum besagten Querschnitt mündenden Ansaugtrichter 3 wird ein zu reinigender, d.h. insbesondere von Staubpartikeln oder dgl. zu befreiender Luftstrom (dieser ist durch Pfeile 4 dargestellt und wird im weiteren mit der Bezugsziffer 4 bezeichnet) in das Luftfilter-Gehäuse 1 eingeleitet. Zentral in diesem und sich dabei im wesentlichen in Richtung der Längsachse 2 erstreckend ist ein Abführrohr 5 angeordnet, durch welches der dann gereinigte Luftstrom 4 wieder aus dem Luftfilter-Gehäuse 1 herausgeführt wird. Dabei kann der Luftstrom 4 über Durchbrüche 6, die in der innerhalb des Gehäuses 1 liegenden Wand des Abführrohres 5 vorgesehen sind, in den Innenraum dieses Abführrohres 5 gelangen.Via an opening that is essentially tangential to said cross section Suction funnel 3 is a to be cleaned, i.e. especially dust particles or the like. Air flow to be freed (this is represented by arrows 4 and is hereinafter referred to with the reference number 4) in the air filter housing 1 initiated. Central in this and essentially in Extending in the direction of the longitudinal axis 2, a discharge pipe 5 is arranged, through which the then cleaned air flow 4 back out of the air filter housing 1 is brought out. The air flow 4 can through openings 6, the wall of the discharge pipe lying inside the housing 1 5 are provided, get into the interior of this discharge pipe 5.

Dieses Abführrohr 5 quasi umhüllend, dabei jedoch von diesem beabstandet, ist im Gehäuse 1 eine sog. Leitwand 7 angeordnet, die sich im wesentlichen in Richtung der Längsachse 2 erstreckt und die im Querschnitt (vgl. Fig.1) zu einer Spirale geformt ist. Diese Leitwand 7 ist dabei derart angeordnet, daß sie den über den Ansaugtrichter 3 in das Gehäuse 1 eintretenden Luftstrom 4 in das Zentrum des Luftfilter-Gehäuses 1 und somit zum Abführrohr 5 hin führt. Dabei ist die Leitwand 7 soweit zu einer Spirale gewickelt", d.h. bezüglich der Längsachse 2 über ein Winkelsegment, das 360° (und somit einen Vollkreis) erheblich überschreitet, spiralförmig ausgebildet, daß diese Leitwand 7 abschnittsweise einen Kanal 8 bildet, der innenseitig sowie außenseitig jeweils von der Leitwand 7 begrenzt wird, Innerhalb dieses Kanales 8 bzw. zumindest innerhalb einer Teilstrecke dieses Kanales 8 ist zentral zwischen den Kanalwänden bzw. den beiden Abschnitten der Leitwand 7 ein der Kanalform angepaßtes Zwischenblech 9 angeordnet, das sich ebenfalls in Richtung der Längsachse 2 erstreckt.This discharge pipe 5 is quasi-enveloping, but at a distance from it, a so-called guide wall 7 is arranged in the housing 1, which extends essentially in the direction of the longitudinal axis 2 and which is shaped in cross section (see FIG. 1) to form a spiral. This guide wall 7 is arranged in such a way that it leads the air flow 4 entering the housing 1 via the suction funnel 3 into the center of the air filter housing 1 and thus towards the discharge pipe 5. The guide wall 7 is so far a spiral wrapped ", ie with respect to the longitudinal axis 2 over an angular segment which significantly exceeds 360 ° (and thus a full circle), spirally formed that this guide wall 7 forms sections of a channel 8, which is delimited on the inside and outside by the guide wall 7, inside this channel 8 or at least within a section of this channel 8, an intermediate plate 9 adapted to the channel shape is arranged centrally between the channel walls or the two sections of the guide wall 7 and also extends in the direction of the longitudinal axis 2.

Dieses Zwischenblech 9 bildet zusammen mit der Leitwand 7 einen elektrostatischen Abscheider für die im Luftstrom 4 enthaltenen Staubpartikel oder dgl. Hierfür ist an das Zwischenblech 9 eine hohe elektrische Spannung angelegt (bspw. in der Größenordnung von 30 kV), so daß dieses Zwischenblech 9 als Hochspannungs-Elektrode fungiert, für die im weiteren ebenfalls die Bezugsziffer 9 verwendet wird. Die Leitwand 7 hingegen ist elektrisch auf Masse gelegt und bildet somit die entsprechende Gegen-Elektrode, für die im weiteren der Begriff Niederschlags-Elektrode" sowie (ebenfalls) die Bezugsziffer 7 verwendet wird.This intermediate plate 9 forms, together with the guide wall 7, an electrostatic separator for the dust particles or the like contained in the air stream 4. For this purpose, a high electrical voltage is applied to the intermediate plate 9 (for example in the order of 30 kV), so that this intermediate plate 9 as High-voltage electrode functions, for which reference number 9 is also used below. The guide wall 7, on the other hand, is electrically connected to ground and thus forms the corresponding counter-electrode, for which the term is hereinafter used Precipitation electrode "and (also) reference number 7 is used.

Zwischen der Hochspannungs-Elektrode 9 und der Niederschlags-Elektrode 7 bildet sich aufgrund der angelegten elektrischen Hochspannung im Kanal 8 ein Corona-Feld 10 aus, welches durch Graufärbung verdeutlicht ist. Durch dieses Corona-Feld 10 hindurch wird der im Luftfilter zu reinigende Luftstrom 4 vollständig hindurchgeführt, und zwar von der Leitwand 7. Im Luftstrom 4 enthaltene Staubpartikel oder dgl. werden in diesem Corona-Feld 10 ionisiert und werden daher von der Niederschlags-Elektrode 7 elektrisch angezogen und lagern sich demzufolge an dieser, d.h. an der Leitwand 7 ab. Größere Staubpartikel hingegen werden aus dem Luftstrom 4 bereits abgeschieden, noch ehe dieser in den Kanal 8 gelangt. Dies erfolgt aufgrund des Zykloneffektes bzw. unter Zentrifugalkraft-Einfluß, und zwar in dem mit der Bezugsziffer 11 bezeichneten sog. Zyklon-Kanal, der innenseitig von einem Abschnitt der Leitwand 7 und außenseitig von der Wand des Luftfilter-Gehäuses 1 begrenzt wird. Die im Bereich des Zyklon-Kanals 11 durch Zentrifugalkraft abgeschiedenen, d.h. nach außen vom Zentrum bzw. von der Längsachse 2 weggeschleuderten Staubpartikel sind dabei figürlich durch Pfeile 12 verdeutlicht. Unter Schwerkrafteinfluß gelangen diese zum Boden des Gehäuses 1 und werden über eine dort vorgesehene Austrittsöffnung 13 abgeführt.
Zusammengefaßt befindet sich somit im Luftfilter-Gehäuse 1 zunächst ein Zyklon-Staubabscheider, und zwar im Bereich des sog. Zyklon-Kanales 11, und (in Luft-Strömungsrichtung betrachtet) dahinter ein elektrostatischer Abscheider, und zwar im Bereich des Corona-Feldes 10. Beide Abscheider muß ein zu reinigender, über den Ansaugtrichter 3 in das Gehäuse 1 eintretender Luftstrom 4 vollständig passieren, ehe er das Gehäuse 1 über das Abführrohr 5 wieder verlassen kann. Ein bestmöglicher Abscheide-Wirkungsgrad ist somit gewährleistet, nennenswerte Strömungshindernisse hingegen werden dem Luftstrom 4 nicht entgegengesetzt. Im übrigen kann die an die Hochspannungs-Elektrode 9 angelegte elektrische Spannung derart geregelt werden, daß sie nur geringfügig unterhalb der sog. Durchschlagsspannung liegt, um einen maximalen Abscheidegrad im elektrostatischen Abscheider zu gewährleisten. Zur Erhöhung der Feldliniendichte im Corona-Feld 10 sind wieiterhin auf der Oberfläche der Hochspannungs-Elektrode 9 punktförmige Erhebungen 14 vorgesehen, jedoch kann dies sowie eine Vielzahl weiterer Details insbesondere konstruktiver Art durchaus abweichend vom gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel gestaltet sein, ohne den Inhalt der Patentansprüche zu verlassen.A corona field 10 is formed between the high-voltage electrode 9 and the precipitation electrode 7 due to the applied electrical high voltage in the channel 8, which is illustrated by a gray color. The air stream 4 to be cleaned in the air filter is passed completely through this corona field 10, specifically from the guide wall 7. Dust particles or the like contained in the air stream 4 are ionized in this corona field 10 and are therefore from the precipitation electrode 7 electrically attracted and are therefore deposited on this, ie on the guide wall 7. Larger dust particles, on the other hand, are already separated out of the air stream 4 before it reaches the duct 8. This takes place on the basis of the cyclone effect or under the influence of centrifugal force, specifically in the so-called cyclone channel designated by reference number 11, which is delimited on the inside by a section of the guide wall 7 and on the outside by the wall of the air filter housing 1. The dust particles separated in the area of the cyclone channel 11 by centrifugal force, that is to say thrown outwards from the center or from the longitudinal axis 2, are illustrated figuratively by arrows 12. Under the influence of gravity, they reach the bottom of the housing 1 and are discharged via an outlet opening 13 provided there.
In summary, there is thus initially a cyclone dust separator in the air filter housing 1, specifically in the area of the so-called cyclone channel 11, and (viewed in the air flow direction) an electrostatic separator behind it, specifically in the area of the corona field 10. An air flow 4 to be cleaned and entering the housing 1 via the suction funnel 3 must pass completely through both separators before it can leave the housing 1 again via the discharge pipe 5. The best possible separation efficiency is thus guaranteed, but noteworthy flow obstacles are not opposed to the air flow 4. Otherwise, the electrical voltage applied to the high-voltage electrode 9 can be regulated in such a way that it is only slightly below the so-called breakdown voltage in order to ensure a maximum degree of separation in the electrostatic separator. To increase the field line density in the corona field 10, punctiform elevations 14 are again provided on the surface of the high-voltage electrode 9, but this and a large number of further details, in particular of a constructive nature, can be designed quite differently from the exemplary embodiment shown, without departing from the content of the patent claims .

Bezugszeichenliste:Reference symbol list:

11
Luftfilter-GehäuseAir filter housing
22nd
LängsachseLongitudinal axis
33rd
AnsaugtrichterSuction funnel
44th
Luftstrom (Pfeile)Airflow (arrows)
55
AbführrohrDischarge pipe
66
Durchbruch (in der Wand von 5)Breakthrough (in the wall of 5)
77
Leitwand = Niederschlags-ElektrodeBaffle = precipitation electrode
88th
Kanalchannel
99
Zwischenblech = Hochspannungs-ElektrodeIntermediate plate = high voltage electrode
1010th
Corona-FeldCorona field
1111
Zyklon-KanalCyclone channel
1212th
Staubpartikel (Pfeile)Dust particles (arrows)
1313
Austrittsöffnung (für 12)Outlet opening (for 12)
1414
ErhebungSurvey

Claims (3)

Zyklonartiges Luftfilter, insbesondere Ansaug-Luftfilter für eine Brennkraftmaschine, mit einem elektrostatischen Abscheider in Form einer Hochspannungs-Elektrode (9) und einer Niederschlags-Elektrode (7), zwischen denen der zu reinigende Luftstrom (4) hindurchgeführt wird, wobei dieser Luftstrom (4) im wesentlichen tangential in das einen im wesentlichen kreisförmigen Querschnitt aufweisende Luftfilter-Gehäuse (1) eingeleitet wird und dieses im wesentlichen zentral verläßt,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine der beiden Elektroden (7, 9) als eine sich im wesentlichen in Richtung der Längsachse (2) des Luftfilter-Gehäuses (1) erstreckende und im Querschnitt als Spirale geformte Leitwand (7) ausgebildet ist, die den zu reinigenden Luftstrom (4) in das Zentrum des Luftfilter-Gehäuses (1) führt.Cyclone-like air filter, in particular intake air filter for an internal combustion engine, with an electrostatic separator in the form of a high-voltage electrode (9) and a precipitation electrode (7), between which the air stream (4) to be cleaned is passed, this air stream (4 ) is introduced essentially tangentially into the air filter housing (1), which has a substantially circular cross section, and leaves it essentially centrally,
characterized in that one of the two electrodes (7, 9) is designed as a guide wall (7) which extends essentially in the direction of the longitudinal axis (2) of the air filter housing (1) and is shaped in cross section as a spiral and which is to be cleaned Air flow (4) leads into the center of the air filter housing (1). Luftfilter nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Leitwand (7) abschnittsweise einen Kanal (8) bildet, in dem die andere Elektrode (9) sich im wesentlichen in Richtung der Längsachse (2) des Luftfilter-Gehäuses (1) erstreckend im wesentlichen zentral angeordnet ist.Air filter according to claim 1,
characterized in that the guide wall (7) forms sections of a channel (8) in which the other electrode (9) is arranged essentially centrally, extending essentially in the direction of the longitudinal axis (2) of the air filter housing (1). Luftfilter nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß auf der Oberfläche der Hochspannungs-Elektrode (9) punktförmige oder im wesentlichen in Strömungsrichtung des Luftstromes (4) verlaufende linienförmige Erhebungen (14) vorgesehen sind.Air filter according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that punctiform or linear elevations (14) are provided on the surface of the high-voltage electrode (9) or essentially in the flow direction of the air flow (4).
EP00121829A 1999-11-05 2000-10-06 Cyclone air filter with electrostatic separator Ceased EP1097749A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1999153227 DE19953227A1 (en) 1999-11-05 1999-11-05 Cyclonic air filter with an electrostatic separator
DE19953227 1999-11-05

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Cited By (5)

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NL1032666C2 (en) * 2006-10-11 2008-04-14 Eliane Khoury Device and method for separating particulate material from a gas stream.
FR2931709A1 (en) * 2008-05-30 2009-12-04 Rene Brunone Solid particles containing gas flow purifying device for processing ventilation air from crusher of minerals materials block, has electrostatic separator arranged in interior of internal volume of cyclone
WO2012139642A1 (en) * 2011-04-13 2012-10-18 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus for removal of particulate matter from a gas
CN107262282A (en) * 2017-08-18 2017-10-20 上官倩 A kind of new-type PM2.5 filters
CN107756203A (en) * 2016-08-15 2018-03-06 苏州宝时得电动工具有限公司 Purification mechanism and electric tool

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US11260328B2 (en) * 2016-11-11 2022-03-01 Briggs & Stratton, Llc Cyclonic air filter assembly for an engine

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US3923481A (en) * 1974-07-05 1975-12-02 Turb O Jector Inc Turb-o-air separator
US4229190A (en) * 1979-07-30 1980-10-21 Andoniev Sergei M Roll-type electrical precipitator
DE3019174A1 (en) * 1980-05-20 1981-11-26 Nagatoshi Tokyo Suzuki IC engine electrostatic air filter - provides oxygen ions for improved combustion and uses alternating dust collection and discharge filter plates

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL1032666C2 (en) * 2006-10-11 2008-04-14 Eliane Khoury Device and method for separating particulate material from a gas stream.
WO2008044922A1 (en) 2006-10-11 2008-04-17 Virus Free Air B.V. Device and method for separating particulate material from a gas flow
FR2931709A1 (en) * 2008-05-30 2009-12-04 Rene Brunone Solid particles containing gas flow purifying device for processing ventilation air from crusher of minerals materials block, has electrostatic separator arranged in interior of internal volume of cyclone
WO2012139642A1 (en) * 2011-04-13 2012-10-18 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus for removal of particulate matter from a gas
CN107756203A (en) * 2016-08-15 2018-03-06 苏州宝时得电动工具有限公司 Purification mechanism and electric tool
CN107756203B (en) * 2016-08-15 2023-12-08 苏州宝时得电动工具有限公司 Purifying mechanism and electric tool
CN107262282A (en) * 2017-08-18 2017-10-20 上官倩 A kind of new-type PM2.5 filters

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